Polarization manipulation of electromagnetic wave or polarization multiplexed beam shaping based on metasurfaces has been reported in various frequency bands.However,it is difficult to shape the beam with multi-channe...Polarization manipulation of electromagnetic wave or polarization multiplexed beam shaping based on metasurfaces has been reported in various frequency bands.However,it is difficult to shape the beam with multi-channel polarization conversion in a single metasurface.Here,we propose a new method for terahertz wavefront shaping with multi-channel polarization conversion via all-silicon metasurface,which is based on the linear shape birefringence effect in spatially interleaved anisotropic meta-atoms.By superimposing the eigen-and non-eigen-polarization responses of the two kinds of meta-atoms,we demonstrate the possibility for high-efficiency evolution of several typical polarization states with two independent channels for linearly polarized waves.The measured polarization conversion efficiency is higher than 70%in the range of 0.9–1.3 THz,with a peak value of 89.2%at 1.1 THz.In addition,when more other polarization states are incident,combined with the integration of sub-arrays,we can get more channels for both polarization conversion and beam shaping.Simulated and experimental results verify the feasibility of this method.The proposed method provides a new idea for the design of terahertz multi-functional metadevices.展开更多
FCC dry gas contains a large amount of ethylene. It is used by most of the refineries in China as fuel or simply burned in atmosphere. Few refineries make good use of the dry gas, so the precious ethylene resource in ...FCC dry gas contains a large amount of ethylene. It is used by most of the refineries in China as fuel or simply burned in atmosphere. Few refineries make good use of the dry gas, so the precious ethylene resource in the dry gas is wasted. In this article, the possibility of catalytic conversion of ethylene to C3, C4, and some high molecular weight hydrocarbons in a fixed bed micro-reactor using LTB-1 catalyst, with pure ethylene as feedstock was studied. Effects of reaction temperature, reaction pressure, and feedstock flow rate, on the conversion of ethylene and the distribution of products were investigated to determine the proper reaction parameters to be used in practice. Good results indicate that this study may provide a new way of using the ethylene resource in the FCC dry gas.展开更多
Recycling of carbon dioxide(CO_2) into fuels and chemicals is a potential approach to reduce CO_2 emission and fossil-fuel consumption. Autotrophic microbes can utilize energy from light, hydrogen, or sulfur to assimi...Recycling of carbon dioxide(CO_2) into fuels and chemicals is a potential approach to reduce CO_2 emission and fossil-fuel consumption. Autotrophic microbes can utilize energy from light, hydrogen, or sulfur to assimilate atmospheric CO_2 into organic compounds at ambient temperature and pressure. This provides a feasible way for biological production of fuels and chemicals from CO_2 under normal conditions. Recently great progress has been made in this research area, and dozens of CO_2-derived fuels and chemicals have been reported to be synthesized by autotrophic microbes. This is accompanied by investigations into natural CO_2-fixation pathways and the rapid development of new technologies in synthetic biology. This review first summarizes the six natural CO_2-fixation pathways reported to date, followed by an overview of recent progress in the design and engineering of CO_2-fixation pathways as well as energy supply patterns using the concept and tools of synthetic biology. Finally, we will discuss future prospects in biological fixation of CO_2.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma cells are relatively prone to metastasis and have a high degree of heterogeneity, making a successful cure rather difficult. In recent years, an increasing number of immune checkpoint inhibito...Hepatocellular carcinoma cells are relatively prone to metastasis and have a high degree of heterogeneity, making a successful cure rather difficult. In recent years, an increasing number of immune checkpoint inhibitors have been approved for listing. Due to their strong targeting and relatively low toxic and side effects, the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma has become more widespread. Currently, the research on immune checkpoint inhibitors mainly concentrates on PD-1/PDL1, CTLA-4, TIM-3, LAG-3, and TIGIT. Although they have certain advantages, the occurrence of drug resistance has also been frequently observed in clinical practice, presenting certain limitations. This study examined the structural features of key immune checkpoints, and explored the clinical implementation of their inhibitors and drug resistance mechanisms, aiming to offer insights for improved use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in clinical settings.展开更多
Effective prophylactic and therapeutic interventions are urgentlyneeded to address the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.Various antiviral drugs have recently been tested.Type I interferon(IFN)is a regulatory...Effective prophylactic and therapeutic interventions are urgentlyneeded to address the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.Various antiviral drugs have recently been tested.Type I interferon(IFN)is a regulatory protein involved in the innate immune response,with broad-spectrum antiviral activities and the ability to directly block viral replication and support the immune response to eliminate virus infection.Insufficient virus-induced type I IFN production is characteristic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection,because SARS-CoV-2 suppresses the IFN response by interacting with essential IFN signaling pathways.Exogenous type I IFN is recommended for treating COVID-19.Unexpectedly however,angiotensin converting enzyme-2(ACE2)receptor,which acts as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor,was shown to be stimulated by IFN,raising doubts about the suitability of IFN use.However,further studies have excluded concerns regarding IFN administration.Type I IFNs,including IFN-α1b,have been used clinically as antiviral drugs for many years and have shown strong antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2in vitro.Preliminary clinical studies of type I IFNs,especially when delivered via aerosol inhalation,have demonstrated efficacy for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19.Randomized controlled trials of IFN for COVID-19 treatment are ongoing.展开更多
Hemodynamic parameters play an important role in aneurysm formation and growth. However, it is difficult to directly observe a rapidly growing de novo aneurysm in a patient. To investigate possible associations betwee...Hemodynamic parameters play an important role in aneurysm formation and growth. However, it is difficult to directly observe a rapidly growing de novo aneurysm in a patient. To investigate possible associations between hemodynamic parameters and the formation and growth of intracranial aneurysms, the present study constructed a computational model of a case with an internal carotid artery aneurysm and an anterior communicating artery aneurysm, based on the CT angiography findings of a patient. To simulate the formation of the anterior communicating artery aneurysm and the growth of the internal carotid artery aneurysm, we then constructed a model that virtually removed the anterior communicating artery aneurysm, and a further two models that also progressively decreased the size of the internal carotid artery aneurysm. Computational simulations of the fluid dynamics of the four models were performed under pulsatile flow conditions, and wall shear stress was compared among the different models. In the three aneurysm growth models, increasing size of the aneurysm was associated with an increased area of low wall shear stress, a significant decrease in wall shear stress at the dome of the aneurysm, and a significant change in the wall shear stress of the parent artery. The wall shear stress of the anterior communicating artery remained low, and was significantly lower than the wall shear stress at the bifurcation of the internal carotid artery or the bifurcation of the middle cerebral artery. After formation of the anterior communicating artery aneurysm, the wall shear stress at the dome of the internal carotid artery aneurysm increased significantly, and the wall shear stress in the upstream arteries also changed significantly. These findings indicate that low wall shear stress may be associated with the initiation and growth of aneurysms, and that aneurysm formation and growth may influence hemodynamic parameters in the local and adjacent arteries.展开更多
[目的]观察柴黄清胰活血颗粒对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)患者血清IL-1、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、IL-18水平的影响,探讨其治疗SAP的机制。[方法]选择2017年9月至2018年9月西南医科大学附属中医医院脾胃病科住院的SAP患者96例,随机分为治疗组51例...[目的]观察柴黄清胰活血颗粒对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)患者血清IL-1、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、IL-18水平的影响,探讨其治疗SAP的机制。[方法]选择2017年9月至2018年9月西南医科大学附属中医医院脾胃病科住院的SAP患者96例,随机分为治疗组51例和对照组45例。对照组患者予西医综合治疗,治疗组在上述基础治疗上再联合柴黄清胰活血颗粒(由生大黄、黄芩、栀子、桃仁、赤芍、丹参、柴胡、白芍、枳实、厚朴、延胡索、黄芪、甘草、蒲公英组成)10 g+100 ml温开水口服及灌肠,每4 h 1次,比较两组患者治疗前后IL-1、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、IL-18水平及APACHEⅡ评分变化情况。[结果]治疗7天后,治疗组和对照组患者IL-1、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、IL-18水平均较治疗前明显下降(P<0.05),且治疗组较对照组下降更加明显(P<0.05)。治疗组和对照组患者APACHEⅡ评分均明显下降,且治疗组较对照组下降更加明显(P<0.05)。治疗组和对照组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。[结论]在西医基础治疗上加用柴黄清胰活血颗粒可以有效降低患者APACHEⅡ评分和多种炎症因子水平,柴黄清胰活血颗粒治疗SAP作用机制可能与其降低血清IL-1、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、IL-18水平,阻止急性胰腺炎病情的进展有关。展开更多
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are well known as the next generation of shape-persistent zeolite analogues, which have brought new impetus to the development of porous organic materials as well as two-dimensional ...Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are well known as the next generation of shape-persistent zeolite analogues, which have brought new impetus to the development of porous organic materials as well as two-dimensional polymers. Since the advent of COFs in 2005, many striking findings have definitely proven their great potentials expanding applications across energy,environment and healthcare fields. With thorough exploration over a decade, research interest has been drawn on the scientific challenges on chemistry, while making full play of COF values has remained far from satisfactory yet. Thus opening an avenue to modulating COF assemblies on the multi-scale is no longer just an option, but a necessity for matching the application requirements with enhanced performances. In this mini-review, we summarize the recent progress on design of nanoscale COFs with varying forms. Detailed description is concentrated on the synthetic strategies of COF assemblies such as spheres, fibers,tubes, coatings and films, thereby shedding light on the flexible manipulation over dimensions, compositions and morphologies.Meanwhile, the advanced applications of nanoscale COFs have been discussed here with comparison of their bulky counterparts.展开更多
The rapid development of the semiconductor industry has motivated researchers passion for accelerating the discovery of advanced optoelectronic materials.Computational functionality-driven design is an emerging branch...The rapid development of the semiconductor industry has motivated researchers passion for accelerating the discovery of advanced optoelectronic materials.Computational functionality-driven design is an emerging branch of material science that has become effective at making material predictions.By combining advanced solid-state knowledge and high-throughput firstprinciples computational approaches with intelligent algorithms plus database development,experts can now efficiently explore many novel materials by taking advantage of the power of supercomputer architectures.Here,we discuss a set of typical design strategies that can be used to accelerate inorganic optoelectronic materials discovery from computer simulations:In silico computational screening;knowledge-based inverse design;and algorithm-based searching.A few representative examples in optoelectronic materials design are discussed to illustrate these computational functionality-driven modalities.Challenges and prospects for the computational functionality-driven design of materials are further highlighted at the end of the review.展开更多
Rechargeable magnesium-metal batteries(RMMBs)are promising next-generation secondary batteries;however,their development is inhibited by the low capacity and short cycle lifespan of cathodes.Although various strategie...Rechargeable magnesium-metal batteries(RMMBs)are promising next-generation secondary batteries;however,their development is inhibited by the low capacity and short cycle lifespan of cathodes.Although various strategies have been devised to enhance the Mg^(2+)migration kinetics and structural stability of cathodes,they fail to improve electronic conductivity,rendering the cathodes incompatible with magnesium-metal anodes.Herein,we propose a dual-defect engineering strategy,namely,the incorporation of Mg^(2+)pre-intercalation defect(P-Mgd)and oxygen defect(Od),to simultaneously improve the Mg^(2+)migration kinetics,structural stability,and electronic conductivity of the cathodes of RMMBs.Using lamellar V_(2)O_(5)·nH_(2)O as a demo cathode material,we prepare a cathode comprising Mg_(0.07)V_(2)O_(5)·1.4H_(2)O nanobelts composited with reduced graphene oxide(MVOH/rGO)with P-Mgd and Od.The Od enlarges interlayer spacing,accelerates Mg^(2+)migration kinetics,and prevents structural collapse,while the P-Mgd stabilizes the lamellar structure and increases electronic conductivity.Consequently,the MVOH/rGO cathode exhibits a high capacity of 197 mAh g^(−1),and the developed Mg foil//MVOH/rGO full cell demonstrates an incredible lifespan of 850 cycles at 0.1 A g^(−1),capable of powering a light-emitting diode.The proposed dual-defect engineering strategy provides new insights into developing high-durability,high-capacity cathodes,advancing the practical application of RMMBs,and other new secondary batteries.展开更多
To meet the expectation set by Moore’s law on transistors,the search for thickness-scalable high dielectric constant(k)gate layers has become an emergent research frontier.Previous investigations have failed to solve...To meet the expectation set by Moore’s law on transistors,the search for thickness-scalable high dielectric constant(k)gate layers has become an emergent research frontier.Previous investigations have failed to solve the“polarizability–scalability–insulation robustness”trilemma.In this work,we show that this trilemma can be solved by using a gate layer of a high k ferroelectric oxide in its superparaelectric(SPE)state.In the SPE,its polar order becomes local and is dispersed in an amorphous matrix with a crystalline size down to a few nanometers,leading to an excellent dimensional scalability and a good field-stability of the k value.As an example,a stable high k value(37±3)is shown in ultrathin SPE films of(Ba_(0.95),Sr_(0.05))(Zr_(0.2),Ti_(0.8))O_(3)deposited on LaNiO_(3)-buffered Pt/Ti/SiO_(2)/(100)Si down to a 4 nm thickness,leading to a small equivalent oxide thickness of~0.46 nm.The aforementioned characteristic microstructure endows the SPE film a high breakdown strength(~10.5 MV·cm^(−1)for the 4 nm film),and hence ensures a low leakage current for the operation of the complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS)gate.Lastly,a high electrical fatigue resistance is displayed by the SPE films.These results reveal a great potential of superparaelectric materials as gate dielectrics in the next-generation microelectronics.展开更多
Invasive breast carcinoma(BRCA)is associated with poor prognosis and high risk of mortality.Therefore,it is critical to identify novel biomarkers for the prognostic assessment of BRCA.Methods:The expression data of po...Invasive breast carcinoma(BRCA)is associated with poor prognosis and high risk of mortality.Therefore,it is critical to identify novel biomarkers for the prognostic assessment of BRCA.Methods:The expression data of polo-like kinase 1(PLK1)in BRCA and the corresponding clinical information were extracted from TCGA and GEO databases.PLK1 expression was validated in diverse breast cancer cell lines by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)and western blotting.Single sample gene set enrichment analysis(ssGSEA)was performed to evaluate immune infiltration in the BRCA microenvironment,and the random forest(RF)and support vector machine(SVM)algorithms were used to screen for the hub infiltrating cells and calculate the immunophenoscore(IPS).The RF algorithm and COX regression model were applied to calculate survival risk scores based on the PLK1 expression and immune cell infiltration.Finally,a prognostic nomogram was constructed with the risk score and pathological stage,and its clinical potential was evaluated by plotting calibration charts and DCA curves.The application of the nomogram was further validated in an immunotherapy cohort.Results:PLK1 expression was significantly higher in the tumor samples in TCGA-BRCA cohort.Furthermore,PLK1 expression level,age and stage were identified as independent prognostic factors of BRCA.While the IPS was unaffected by PLK1 expression,the TMB and MATH scores were higher in the PLK1-high group,and the TIDE scores were higher for the PLK1-low patients.We also identified 6 immune cell types with high infiltration,along with 11 immune cell types with low infiltration in the PLK1-high tumors.A risk score was devised using PLK1 expression and hub immune cells,which predicted the prognosis of BRCA patients.In addition,a nomogram was constructed based on the risk score and pathological staging,and showed good predictive performance.Conclusions:PLK1 expression and immune cell infiltration can predict post-immunotherapy prognosis of BRCA patients.展开更多
The biogenesis and functions of extrachromosomal circular DNA(eccDNA)have been studied for several decades.However,the heterogeneity of eccDNA is largely ignored.In this study,we purified and sequenced eccDNA and RNA ...The biogenesis and functions of extrachromosomal circular DNA(eccDNA)have been studied for several decades.However,the heterogeneity of eccDNA is largely ignored.In this study,we purified and sequenced eccDNA and RNA using a method that simultaneously extracts DNA and RNA from cultured cells treated with iron nanoparticles.We discovered that the characteristics of eccDNA are altered by iron stress,particularly on genic and CpG islands regions,suggesting a biogenesis mechanism induced by transcription.展开更多
The high mortality of patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma(LUSC)results from metastasis rather than primary tumors,1 whereas the molecular pathogenesis of cancer metastasis remains poorly understood.PLAU encodes...The high mortality of patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma(LUSC)results from metastasis rather than primary tumors,1 whereas the molecular pathogenesis of cancer metastasis remains poorly understood.PLAU encodes urokinase-type plasminogen activator(uPA)which is closely related to tumor diagnosis,treatment target,and prognosis of patients.2.3 We previously predicted that PLAU is a key gene negatively associated with overall survival by integrated multidimensional analyses of The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)datasets from 504 samples of LUSC tumor tissues and 46 samples of adjacent non-tumorous lung tissues.4 However,whether the role of PLAU contributes to the metastasis of LUC remains unclear.Here,we analyzed the association between uPA levels and LUSC and found that uPA levels were associated with pathological variations in LUSC patients.展开更多
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory and immune reactive disease induced by the subgingival biofilm.The therapeutic effect for susceptible patients is often unsatisfactory due to excessive inflammatory response and...Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory and immune reactive disease induced by the subgingival biofilm.The therapeutic effect for susceptible patients is often unsatisfactory due to excessive inflammatory response and oxidative stress.Sinensetin(Sin)is a nature polymethoxylated flavonoid with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.Our study aimed to explore the beneficial effect of Sin on periodontitis and the specific molecular mechanisms.We found that Sin attenuated oxidative stress and inflammatory levels of periodontal ligament cells(PDLCs)under inflammatory conditions.Administered Sin to rats with ligation-induced periodontitis models exhibited a protective effect against periodontitis in vivo.By molecular docking,we identified Bach1 as a strong binding target of Sin,and this binding was further verified by cellular thermal displacement assay and immunofluorescence assays.Chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative polymerase chain reaction results also revealed that Sin obstructed the binding of Bach1 to the HMOX1 promoter,subsequently upregulating the expression of the key antioxidant factor HO-1.Further functional experiments with Bach1 knocked down and overexpressed verified Bach1 as a key target for Sin to exert its antioxidant effects.Additionally,we demonstrated that Sin prompted the reduction of Bach1 by potentiating the ubiquitination degradation of Bach1,thereby inducing HO-1 expression and inhibiting oxidative stress.Overall,Sin could be a promising drug candidate for the treatment of periodontitis by targeting binding to Bach1.展开更多
Keshan disease (KD) is a potentially fatal form of cardiomyopathy (disease of the heart muscle) endemic in certain areas of China. From 1984 to 1986, a national comprehensive scientific investigation on KD in Chuxiong...Keshan disease (KD) is a potentially fatal form of cardiomyopathy (disease of the heart muscle) endemic in certain areas of China. From 1984 to 1986, a national comprehensive scientific investigation on KD in Chuxiong region of Yunnan Province in the southwest China was conducted. The investigation team was composed of epidemiologists, clinic doctors, pathologists, biochemists, biophysicists and specialists in ecological environment. Results of pathological, biochemical and biophysical as well as clinical studies showed: an obvious increase of enlarged and swollen mito- chondria with distended crista membranes in myocardium from patients with KD; significant reduc- tions in the activity of oxidative phosphorylation (succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase, succinate oxidase, H+-ATPase) of affected mitochondria; decrease in CoQ, cardiolipin, Se and GSHPx activity, while obvious increase in the Ca2+ content. So, it was suggested that mitochondria are the predominant target of the pathogenic factors of KD. Before Chuxiong KD survey only a few cases of mitochondrial cardiomyopathy were studied. During the multidisciplinary scientific investiga- tion on KD in Chuxiong a large amount of samples from KD cases and the positive controls were examined. On the basis of the results obtained it was suggested that KD might be classified as a “Mitochondrial Cardiomyopathy” endemic in China. This is one of the achievements in the three years’ survey in Chuxiong and is valuable not only to the deeper understanding of pathogenic mechanism of KD but also to the study of mitochondrial cardiomyopathy in general. Keshan disease is not a genetic disease, but is closely related to the malnutrition (especially mi- croelement Se deficiency). KD occurs along a low Se belt, and Se supplementation has been effective in prevention of such disease. The incidence of KD has sharply decreased along with the steady raise of living standard and realization of preventive measures. At present, patients of KD are very sparse. In recent years展开更多
To reduce the shielding effect of hardened layers on electrical resistivity tomography,a ratio method based on the distortion correction principle and the isolation coefficient is proposed.The effects of the resistivi...To reduce the shielding effect of hardened layers on electrical resistivity tomography,a ratio method based on the distortion correction principle and the isolation coefficient is proposed.The effects of the resistivity and thickness of hardened concrete layers on the detection of target objects are explored.Both numerical simulations and indoor tank tests indicate that when the ratio method is employed to correct the original collected data,the maximum allowable error for the isolation coefficient should not exceed 1%.Notably,when the ratio of hardened layer thickness to electrode spacing does not exceed 1,correction through this method significantly enhances the recognition capability of target objects.However,when the hardened layer thickness is greater than the electrode spacing by a factor of 2 or more,the ratio method cannot achieve satisfactory results.The case study of flood control engineering detection in the Zhangxi section of the Huangpen River in Dongzhi County demonstrates that the detection effect after correction by the ratio method is comparable to that for the adjacent unhardened pavement,and the influence of the hardened layer is obviously weakened,resulting in more reliable results.展开更多
化学通讯在哺乳动物的诸多生命活动中起到重要作用,包括个体识别、社会交流、社会等级划分、交配繁殖等(侯东敏等,2020)。针对夜行性哺乳动物,化学通讯对其社会行为的调节作用尤为明显(Macdonald,1985)。尿液是动物机体新陈代谢的产物,...化学通讯在哺乳动物的诸多生命活动中起到重要作用,包括个体识别、社会交流、社会等级划分、交配繁殖等(侯东敏等,2020)。针对夜行性哺乳动物,化学通讯对其社会行为的调节作用尤为明显(Macdonald,1985)。尿液是动物机体新陈代谢的产物,也是哺乳动物化学通讯过程中重要的信号来源之一。在种内、种间信息交流的过程中,动物通过尿液能够传递个体、性别、年龄等讯息,以达到性别识别、性选择、告警、领域标记等目的,此过程对物种的生存、繁衍至关重要(Zhang et al.,2008;Zhang et al.,2019;鲜义坤等,2019;侯东敏等,2020)。展开更多
[Objectives]To explore the effects of chlorogenic acid from honeysuckle on the secretion enzymes,lipoxygenase A4(LXA4),and blood biochemical indicators in mice with aluminum induced Alzheimer's disease(AD).[Method...[Objectives]To explore the effects of chlorogenic acid from honeysuckle on the secretion enzymes,lipoxygenase A4(LXA4),and blood biochemical indicators in mice with aluminum induced Alzheimer's disease(AD).[Methods]Chlorogenic acid was extracted from hon-eysuckle by ultrasound assisted alcohol extraction method.Seventy mice were randomly divided into normal group,model group,and low,me-dium and high dose groups of honeysuckle chlorogenic acid.All the mice in each group except for the normal group were given maltol aluminum by intraperitoneal injection to establish models of aluminum induced AD,continuously injected for 5 d and stopped for 2 d,totally poisoned for 8 weeks.Starting from the 5^(th) week of poisoning,the low,medium and high dose groups of honeysuckle chlorogenic acid were given honeysuck-le chlorogenc acid solution 40,80 and 160 mg/kg by gavage,respectively,while the normal group and the model group were fed with an equal volume of distilled water,all once daily,continuously gavaged until the end of the 8^(th) week.At the end of the experiment,the learning memory ability of the mice was tested by Y-type waler maze,and the number of tests required to reach the learning standard,the number of memory er-rors in 20 tests and the error rate of the mice were recorded.The brains of mice were taken to determine the contents of β-secretase,α-secre-tase,γ-secretase,LXA4 and acetylcholinesterase(AchE)in the homogenates of brain tissues by ELISA,and their blood was taken to deter-mine the biochemical indexes.[Results]Compared with the normal group,the number of learning tests,number of memory errors,error rate and the contents of β-secretase,γ-secretase and AchE in brain tissue of the mice in the model group were all significantly increased(all P<0.05),the contents of LXA4 in brain tissue were significantly decreased(all P<0.05),and the contents of α-secretase did not change significantly(all P>0.05);compared with the model group,the number of learning tests,the number of memory errors,the error rate and t展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(61675147,61735010,91838301)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0700202)Basic Research Program of Shenzhen(JCYJ20170412154447469).
文摘Polarization manipulation of electromagnetic wave or polarization multiplexed beam shaping based on metasurfaces has been reported in various frequency bands.However,it is difficult to shape the beam with multi-channel polarization conversion in a single metasurface.Here,we propose a new method for terahertz wavefront shaping with multi-channel polarization conversion via all-silicon metasurface,which is based on the linear shape birefringence effect in spatially interleaved anisotropic meta-atoms.By superimposing the eigen-and non-eigen-polarization responses of the two kinds of meta-atoms,we demonstrate the possibility for high-efficiency evolution of several typical polarization states with two independent channels for linearly polarized waves.The measured polarization conversion efficiency is higher than 70%in the range of 0.9–1.3 THz,with a peak value of 89.2%at 1.1 THz.In addition,when more other polarization states are incident,combined with the integration of sub-arrays,we can get more channels for both polarization conversion and beam shaping.Simulated and experimental results verify the feasibility of this method.The proposed method provides a new idea for the design of terahertz multi-functional metadevices.
文摘FCC dry gas contains a large amount of ethylene. It is used by most of the refineries in China as fuel or simply burned in atmosphere. Few refineries make good use of the dry gas, so the precious ethylene resource in the dry gas is wasted. In this article, the possibility of catalytic conversion of ethylene to C3, C4, and some high molecular weight hydrocarbons in a fixed bed micro-reactor using LTB-1 catalyst, with pure ethylene as feedstock was studied. Effects of reaction temperature, reaction pressure, and feedstock flow rate, on the conversion of ethylene and the distribution of products were investigated to determine the proper reaction parameters to be used in practice. Good results indicate that this study may provide a new way of using the ethylene resource in the FCC dry gas.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(31470231)National Natural Science Foundation of China(21106175)
文摘Recycling of carbon dioxide(CO_2) into fuels and chemicals is a potential approach to reduce CO_2 emission and fossil-fuel consumption. Autotrophic microbes can utilize energy from light, hydrogen, or sulfur to assimilate atmospheric CO_2 into organic compounds at ambient temperature and pressure. This provides a feasible way for biological production of fuels and chemicals from CO_2 under normal conditions. Recently great progress has been made in this research area, and dozens of CO_2-derived fuels and chemicals have been reported to be synthesized by autotrophic microbes. This is accompanied by investigations into natural CO_2-fixation pathways and the rapid development of new technologies in synthetic biology. This review first summarizes the six natural CO_2-fixation pathways reported to date, followed by an overview of recent progress in the design and engineering of CO_2-fixation pathways as well as energy supply patterns using the concept and tools of synthetic biology. Finally, we will discuss future prospects in biological fixation of CO_2.
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma cells are relatively prone to metastasis and have a high degree of heterogeneity, making a successful cure rather difficult. In recent years, an increasing number of immune checkpoint inhibitors have been approved for listing. Due to their strong targeting and relatively low toxic and side effects, the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma has become more widespread. Currently, the research on immune checkpoint inhibitors mainly concentrates on PD-1/PDL1, CTLA-4, TIM-3, LAG-3, and TIGIT. Although they have certain advantages, the occurrence of drug resistance has also been frequently observed in clinical practice, presenting certain limitations. This study examined the structural features of key immune checkpoints, and explored the clinical implementation of their inhibitors and drug resistance mechanisms, aiming to offer insights for improved use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in clinical settings.
文摘Effective prophylactic and therapeutic interventions are urgentlyneeded to address the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.Various antiviral drugs have recently been tested.Type I interferon(IFN)is a regulatory protein involved in the innate immune response,with broad-spectrum antiviral activities and the ability to directly block viral replication and support the immune response to eliminate virus infection.Insufficient virus-induced type I IFN production is characteristic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection,because SARS-CoV-2 suppresses the IFN response by interacting with essential IFN signaling pathways.Exogenous type I IFN is recommended for treating COVID-19.Unexpectedly however,angiotensin converting enzyme-2(ACE2)receptor,which acts as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor,was shown to be stimulated by IFN,raising doubts about the suitability of IFN use.However,further studies have excluded concerns regarding IFN administration.Type I IFNs,including IFN-α1b,have been used clinically as antiviral drugs for many years and have shown strong antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2in vitro.Preliminary clinical studies of type I IFNs,especially when delivered via aerosol inhalation,have demonstrated efficacy for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19.Randomized controlled trials of IFN for COVID-19 treatment are ongoing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81171109
文摘Hemodynamic parameters play an important role in aneurysm formation and growth. However, it is difficult to directly observe a rapidly growing de novo aneurysm in a patient. To investigate possible associations between hemodynamic parameters and the formation and growth of intracranial aneurysms, the present study constructed a computational model of a case with an internal carotid artery aneurysm and an anterior communicating artery aneurysm, based on the CT angiography findings of a patient. To simulate the formation of the anterior communicating artery aneurysm and the growth of the internal carotid artery aneurysm, we then constructed a model that virtually removed the anterior communicating artery aneurysm, and a further two models that also progressively decreased the size of the internal carotid artery aneurysm. Computational simulations of the fluid dynamics of the four models were performed under pulsatile flow conditions, and wall shear stress was compared among the different models. In the three aneurysm growth models, increasing size of the aneurysm was associated with an increased area of low wall shear stress, a significant decrease in wall shear stress at the dome of the aneurysm, and a significant change in the wall shear stress of the parent artery. The wall shear stress of the anterior communicating artery remained low, and was significantly lower than the wall shear stress at the bifurcation of the internal carotid artery or the bifurcation of the middle cerebral artery. After formation of the anterior communicating artery aneurysm, the wall shear stress at the dome of the internal carotid artery aneurysm increased significantly, and the wall shear stress in the upstream arteries also changed significantly. These findings indicate that low wall shear stress may be associated with the initiation and growth of aneurysms, and that aneurysm formation and growth may influence hemodynamic parameters in the local and adjacent arteries.
文摘[目的]观察柴黄清胰活血颗粒对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)患者血清IL-1、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、IL-18水平的影响,探讨其治疗SAP的机制。[方法]选择2017年9月至2018年9月西南医科大学附属中医医院脾胃病科住院的SAP患者96例,随机分为治疗组51例和对照组45例。对照组患者予西医综合治疗,治疗组在上述基础治疗上再联合柴黄清胰活血颗粒(由生大黄、黄芩、栀子、桃仁、赤芍、丹参、柴胡、白芍、枳实、厚朴、延胡索、黄芪、甘草、蒲公英组成)10 g+100 ml温开水口服及灌肠,每4 h 1次,比较两组患者治疗前后IL-1、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、IL-18水平及APACHEⅡ评分变化情况。[结果]治疗7天后,治疗组和对照组患者IL-1、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、IL-18水平均较治疗前明显下降(P<0.05),且治疗组较对照组下降更加明显(P<0.05)。治疗组和对照组患者APACHEⅡ评分均明显下降,且治疗组较对照组下降更加明显(P<0.05)。治疗组和对照组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。[结论]在西医基础治疗上加用柴黄清胰活血颗粒可以有效降低患者APACHEⅡ评分和多种炎症因子水平,柴黄清胰活血颗粒治疗SAP作用机制可能与其降低血清IL-1、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、IL-18水平,阻止急性胰腺炎病情的进展有关。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21474015, 21774023)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (14ZR1402300)
文摘Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are well known as the next generation of shape-persistent zeolite analogues, which have brought new impetus to the development of porous organic materials as well as two-dimensional polymers. Since the advent of COFs in 2005, many striking findings have definitely proven their great potentials expanding applications across energy,environment and healthcare fields. With thorough exploration over a decade, research interest has been drawn on the scientific challenges on chemistry, while making full play of COF values has remained far from satisfactory yet. Thus opening an avenue to modulating COF assemblies on the multi-scale is no longer just an option, but a necessity for matching the application requirements with enhanced performances. In this mini-review, we summarize the recent progress on design of nanoscale COFs with varying forms. Detailed description is concentrated on the synthetic strategies of COF assemblies such as spheres, fibers,tubes, coatings and films, thereby shedding light on the flexible manipulation over dimensions, compositions and morphologies.Meanwhile, the advanced applications of nanoscale COFs have been discussed here with comparison of their bulky counterparts.
基金Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Program,Grant/Award Number:20190201016JCNational Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:11674121,61722403+2 种基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61722403 and 11674121)Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Program(Grant No.20190201016JC)Program for Jilin University Science and Technology Innovative Research Team.J.Li gratefully acknowledges financial support from the“The Pearl River Talent Recruitment Program.”Z.Liu gives special thanks to the Research and Training Foundation for Young Teachers of South China Normal University.
文摘The rapid development of the semiconductor industry has motivated researchers passion for accelerating the discovery of advanced optoelectronic materials.Computational functionality-driven design is an emerging branch of material science that has become effective at making material predictions.By combining advanced solid-state knowledge and high-throughput firstprinciples computational approaches with intelligent algorithms plus database development,experts can now efficiently explore many novel materials by taking advantage of the power of supercomputer architectures.Here,we discuss a set of typical design strategies that can be used to accelerate inorganic optoelectronic materials discovery from computer simulations:In silico computational screening;knowledge-based inverse design;and algorithm-based searching.A few representative examples in optoelectronic materials design are discussed to illustrate these computational functionality-driven modalities.Challenges and prospects for the computational functionality-driven design of materials are further highlighted at the end of the review.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52222407).
文摘Rechargeable magnesium-metal batteries(RMMBs)are promising next-generation secondary batteries;however,their development is inhibited by the low capacity and short cycle lifespan of cathodes.Although various strategies have been devised to enhance the Mg^(2+)migration kinetics and structural stability of cathodes,they fail to improve electronic conductivity,rendering the cathodes incompatible with magnesium-metal anodes.Herein,we propose a dual-defect engineering strategy,namely,the incorporation of Mg^(2+)pre-intercalation defect(P-Mgd)and oxygen defect(Od),to simultaneously improve the Mg^(2+)migration kinetics,structural stability,and electronic conductivity of the cathodes of RMMBs.Using lamellar V_(2)O_(5)·nH_(2)O as a demo cathode material,we prepare a cathode comprising Mg_(0.07)V_(2)O_(5)·1.4H_(2)O nanobelts composited with reduced graphene oxide(MVOH/rGO)with P-Mgd and Od.The Od enlarges interlayer spacing,accelerates Mg^(2+)migration kinetics,and prevents structural collapse,while the P-Mgd stabilizes the lamellar structure and increases electronic conductivity.Consequently,the MVOH/rGO cathode exhibits a high capacity of 197 mAh g^(−1),and the developed Mg foil//MVOH/rGO full cell demonstrates an incredible lifespan of 850 cycles at 0.1 A g^(−1),capable of powering a light-emitting diode.The proposed dual-defect engineering strategy provides new insights into developing high-durability,high-capacity cathodes,advancing the practical application of RMMBs,and other new secondary batteries.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51772175 and 52002192)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Nos.ZR2022ZD39,ZR2020QE042,ZR2022ME031,and ZR2022QB138)+2 种基金the Science,Education and Industry Integration Pilot Projects of Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences)(Nos.2022GH018 and 2022PY055)Jun Ouyang acknowledges the support from the Jinan City Science and Technology Bureau(No.2021GXRC055)the Education Department of Hunan Province/Xiangtan University(No.KZ0807969).
文摘To meet the expectation set by Moore’s law on transistors,the search for thickness-scalable high dielectric constant(k)gate layers has become an emergent research frontier.Previous investigations have failed to solve the“polarizability–scalability–insulation robustness”trilemma.In this work,we show that this trilemma can be solved by using a gate layer of a high k ferroelectric oxide in its superparaelectric(SPE)state.In the SPE,its polar order becomes local and is dispersed in an amorphous matrix with a crystalline size down to a few nanometers,leading to an excellent dimensional scalability and a good field-stability of the k value.As an example,a stable high k value(37±3)is shown in ultrathin SPE films of(Ba_(0.95),Sr_(0.05))(Zr_(0.2),Ti_(0.8))O_(3)deposited on LaNiO_(3)-buffered Pt/Ti/SiO_(2)/(100)Si down to a 4 nm thickness,leading to a small equivalent oxide thickness of~0.46 nm.The aforementioned characteristic microstructure endows the SPE film a high breakdown strength(~10.5 MV·cm^(−1)for the 4 nm film),and hence ensures a low leakage current for the operation of the complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS)gate.Lastly,a high electrical fatigue resistance is displayed by the SPE films.These results reveal a great potential of superparaelectric materials as gate dielectrics in the next-generation microelectronics.
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Higher Education Institutions of Auhui Province(Grant No.KJ2021A0352)the Research Fund Project of Anhui Medical University(Grant No.2020xkj236)Applied Medicine Research Project of Hefei Health Commission(Grant No.HWKJ2019-172-14).
文摘Invasive breast carcinoma(BRCA)is associated with poor prognosis and high risk of mortality.Therefore,it is critical to identify novel biomarkers for the prognostic assessment of BRCA.Methods:The expression data of polo-like kinase 1(PLK1)in BRCA and the corresponding clinical information were extracted from TCGA and GEO databases.PLK1 expression was validated in diverse breast cancer cell lines by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)and western blotting.Single sample gene set enrichment analysis(ssGSEA)was performed to evaluate immune infiltration in the BRCA microenvironment,and the random forest(RF)and support vector machine(SVM)algorithms were used to screen for the hub infiltrating cells and calculate the immunophenoscore(IPS).The RF algorithm and COX regression model were applied to calculate survival risk scores based on the PLK1 expression and immune cell infiltration.Finally,a prognostic nomogram was constructed with the risk score and pathological stage,and its clinical potential was evaluated by plotting calibration charts and DCA curves.The application of the nomogram was further validated in an immunotherapy cohort.Results:PLK1 expression was significantly higher in the tumor samples in TCGA-BRCA cohort.Furthermore,PLK1 expression level,age and stage were identified as independent prognostic factors of BRCA.While the IPS was unaffected by PLK1 expression,the TMB and MATH scores were higher in the PLK1-high group,and the TIDE scores were higher for the PLK1-low patients.We also identified 6 immune cell types with high infiltration,along with 11 immune cell types with low infiltration in the PLK1-high tumors.A risk score was devised using PLK1 expression and hub immune cells,which predicted the prognosis of BRCA patients.In addition,a nomogram was constructed based on the risk score and pathological staging,and showed good predictive performance.Conclusions:PLK1 expression and immune cell infiltration can predict post-immunotherapy prognosis of BRCA patients.
文摘The biogenesis and functions of extrachromosomal circular DNA(eccDNA)have been studied for several decades.However,the heterogeneity of eccDNA is largely ignored.In this study,we purified and sequenced eccDNA and RNA using a method that simultaneously extracts DNA and RNA from cultured cells treated with iron nanoparticles.We discovered that the characteristics of eccDNA are altered by iron stress,particularly on genic and CpG islands regions,suggesting a biogenesis mechanism induced by transcription.
文摘The high mortality of patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma(LUSC)results from metastasis rather than primary tumors,1 whereas the molecular pathogenesis of cancer metastasis remains poorly understood.PLAU encodes urokinase-type plasminogen activator(uPA)which is closely related to tumor diagnosis,treatment target,and prognosis of patients.2.3 We previously predicted that PLAU is a key gene negatively associated with overall survival by integrated multidimensional analyses of The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)datasets from 504 samples of LUSC tumor tissues and 46 samples of adjacent non-tumorous lung tissues.4 However,whether the role of PLAU contributes to the metastasis of LUC remains unclear.Here,we analyzed the association between uPA levels and LUSC and found that uPA levels were associated with pathological variations in LUSC patients.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(82001050,82173871)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20190135)+2 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(021414380503)“3456”Cultivation Program for Junior Talents of Nanjing Stomatological Hospital,Medical School of Nanjing University(0222R209)Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Discipline Cultivation Unit(JSDW202246).
文摘Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory and immune reactive disease induced by the subgingival biofilm.The therapeutic effect for susceptible patients is often unsatisfactory due to excessive inflammatory response and oxidative stress.Sinensetin(Sin)is a nature polymethoxylated flavonoid with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.Our study aimed to explore the beneficial effect of Sin on periodontitis and the specific molecular mechanisms.We found that Sin attenuated oxidative stress and inflammatory levels of periodontal ligament cells(PDLCs)under inflammatory conditions.Administered Sin to rats with ligation-induced periodontitis models exhibited a protective effect against periodontitis in vivo.By molecular docking,we identified Bach1 as a strong binding target of Sin,and this binding was further verified by cellular thermal displacement assay and immunofluorescence assays.Chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative polymerase chain reaction results also revealed that Sin obstructed the binding of Bach1 to the HMOX1 promoter,subsequently upregulating the expression of the key antioxidant factor HO-1.Further functional experiments with Bach1 knocked down and overexpressed verified Bach1 as a key target for Sin to exert its antioxidant effects.Additionally,we demonstrated that Sin prompted the reduction of Bach1 by potentiating the ubiquitination degradation of Bach1,thereby inducing HO-1 expression and inhibiting oxidative stress.Overall,Sin could be a promising drug candidate for the treatment of periodontitis by targeting binding to Bach1.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.30230120)National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2004CB720000).
文摘Keshan disease (KD) is a potentially fatal form of cardiomyopathy (disease of the heart muscle) endemic in certain areas of China. From 1984 to 1986, a national comprehensive scientific investigation on KD in Chuxiong region of Yunnan Province in the southwest China was conducted. The investigation team was composed of epidemiologists, clinic doctors, pathologists, biochemists, biophysicists and specialists in ecological environment. Results of pathological, biochemical and biophysical as well as clinical studies showed: an obvious increase of enlarged and swollen mito- chondria with distended crista membranes in myocardium from patients with KD; significant reduc- tions in the activity of oxidative phosphorylation (succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase, succinate oxidase, H+-ATPase) of affected mitochondria; decrease in CoQ, cardiolipin, Se and GSHPx activity, while obvious increase in the Ca2+ content. So, it was suggested that mitochondria are the predominant target of the pathogenic factors of KD. Before Chuxiong KD survey only a few cases of mitochondrial cardiomyopathy were studied. During the multidisciplinary scientific investiga- tion on KD in Chuxiong a large amount of samples from KD cases and the positive controls were examined. On the basis of the results obtained it was suggested that KD might be classified as a “Mitochondrial Cardiomyopathy” endemic in China. This is one of the achievements in the three years’ survey in Chuxiong and is valuable not only to the deeper understanding of pathogenic mechanism of KD but also to the study of mitochondrial cardiomyopathy in general. Keshan disease is not a genetic disease, but is closely related to the malnutrition (especially mi- croelement Se deficiency). KD occurs along a low Se belt, and Se supplementation has been effective in prevention of such disease. The incidence of KD has sharply decreased along with the steady raise of living standard and realization of preventive measures. At present, patients of KD are very sparse. In recent years
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFC3000103).
文摘To reduce the shielding effect of hardened layers on electrical resistivity tomography,a ratio method based on the distortion correction principle and the isolation coefficient is proposed.The effects of the resistivity and thickness of hardened concrete layers on the detection of target objects are explored.Both numerical simulations and indoor tank tests indicate that when the ratio method is employed to correct the original collected data,the maximum allowable error for the isolation coefficient should not exceed 1%.Notably,when the ratio of hardened layer thickness to electrode spacing does not exceed 1,correction through this method significantly enhances the recognition capability of target objects.However,when the hardened layer thickness is greater than the electrode spacing by a factor of 2 or more,the ratio method cannot achieve satisfactory results.The case study of flood control engineering detection in the Zhangxi section of the Huangpen River in Dongzhi County demonstrates that the detection effect after correction by the ratio method is comparable to that for the adjacent unhardened pavement,and the influence of the hardened layer is obviously weakened,resulting in more reliable results.
文摘化学通讯在哺乳动物的诸多生命活动中起到重要作用,包括个体识别、社会交流、社会等级划分、交配繁殖等(侯东敏等,2020)。针对夜行性哺乳动物,化学通讯对其社会行为的调节作用尤为明显(Macdonald,1985)。尿液是动物机体新陈代谢的产物,也是哺乳动物化学通讯过程中重要的信号来源之一。在种内、种间信息交流的过程中,动物通过尿液能够传递个体、性别、年龄等讯息,以达到性别识别、性选择、告警、领域标记等目的,此过程对物种的生存、繁衍至关重要(Zhang et al.,2008;Zhang et al.,2019;鲜义坤等,2019;侯东敏等,2020)。
基金Supported by Baise Science Research and Technology Development Plan Project(20232022)Cuangxi College Students’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(Recommend National Level2022210599040S).
文摘[Objectives]To explore the effects of chlorogenic acid from honeysuckle on the secretion enzymes,lipoxygenase A4(LXA4),and blood biochemical indicators in mice with aluminum induced Alzheimer's disease(AD).[Methods]Chlorogenic acid was extracted from hon-eysuckle by ultrasound assisted alcohol extraction method.Seventy mice were randomly divided into normal group,model group,and low,me-dium and high dose groups of honeysuckle chlorogenic acid.All the mice in each group except for the normal group were given maltol aluminum by intraperitoneal injection to establish models of aluminum induced AD,continuously injected for 5 d and stopped for 2 d,totally poisoned for 8 weeks.Starting from the 5^(th) week of poisoning,the low,medium and high dose groups of honeysuckle chlorogenic acid were given honeysuck-le chlorogenc acid solution 40,80 and 160 mg/kg by gavage,respectively,while the normal group and the model group were fed with an equal volume of distilled water,all once daily,continuously gavaged until the end of the 8^(th) week.At the end of the experiment,the learning memory ability of the mice was tested by Y-type waler maze,and the number of tests required to reach the learning standard,the number of memory er-rors in 20 tests and the error rate of the mice were recorded.The brains of mice were taken to determine the contents of β-secretase,α-secre-tase,γ-secretase,LXA4 and acetylcholinesterase(AchE)in the homogenates of brain tissues by ELISA,and their blood was taken to deter-mine the biochemical indexes.[Results]Compared with the normal group,the number of learning tests,number of memory errors,error rate and the contents of β-secretase,γ-secretase and AchE in brain tissue of the mice in the model group were all significantly increased(all P<0.05),the contents of LXA4 in brain tissue were significantly decreased(all P<0.05),and the contents of α-secretase did not change significantly(all P>0.05);compared with the model group,the number of learning tests,the number of memory errors,the error rate and t
