Water stress-induced ABA accumulation plays a key role in the root to shoot communication and/or the cell to cell signaling under the soil stresses. The signaling of the water stress itself that leads to the accumulat...Water stress-induced ABA accumulation plays a key role in the root to shoot communication and/or the cell to cell signaling under the soil stresses. The signaling of the water stress itself that leads to the accumulation, however, is less known. In this study, we subjected the roots of Malus hupehensis seedlings to water stress treatment and investigated the ABA accumulation in relation to protein phos-phorylation. Our results showed that ABA accumulation could be substantially triggered in 40 min and reached 4 folds in 100 min after treatment with 30% PEG 6000 (polyethylene glycol). The water stress treatment also led to a substantial enhancement of total kinase activity, assessed with histone-111 as substrate, in 15 min and a maximum enhancement in 30 min before it declined to initial level. The Ca2+-dependent kinase activity showed a similar, if not more sensitive, trend. When the roots were fed with labeled 32P-ATP, water stress enhanced the labeling of proteins, which showed a maximum labeling at展开更多
Vegetative growth of young apple trees trained in vertical axis were studied with ' Red Fuji', 'Jonagold', 'Orin' and ' Starkrimson' on M7, MM106, M26 interstocks in northern China. Abo...Vegetative growth of young apple trees trained in vertical axis were studied with ' Red Fuji', 'Jonagold', 'Orin' and ' Starkrimson' on M7, MM106, M26 interstocks in northern China. About 30 branches sprouted from the central leader of the trees during the 4 years after planting for ' Red Fuji' and 'Jonagold', and 26.7 and 20 branches respectively for 'Orin' and 'Starkrimson'. Moreover the 2-year-old section of the central leader had the strongest capacity to sprout new branches (and sometimes the 1-year-old section too), and sprouted more new shoots than the other section. The total new shoots including spurs on the 4-year-old trees reached 631 per tree for 'Jonagold', about 480 for 'Red Fuji' and 'Orin', and 312 for 'Starkrimson'. Percentage of spurs was about 61% for 'Red Fuji', 73% for 'Jonagold' and 'Orin', and 81% for 'Starkrimson'. Growth vigor of the central leader and limbs of the young apple trees could quickly decline: the growth of the central leader decreased markedly in the fourth year after planting, and branches from the central leader grew vigorously only in the current growth season or in the first two years after branching.展开更多
The fruit growth evolution on 35 tagged 'Fuji' apple trees was studied in three successive growing seasons from 1994 to 1996 to explore a new method for forecasting the fruit diameter at harvest during early g...The fruit growth evolution on 35 tagged 'Fuji' apple trees was studied in three successive growing seasons from 1994 to 1996 to explore a new method for forecasting the fruit diameter at harvest during early growing season. Daily fruit growth rate (DFGR) (based on fruit diameter, fruit dry weight, fruit fresh weight, or fruit volume) during the early growing season, 30 - 50 d after full bloom (DAFB), or during mid-growing season (60-120 DAFB), displayed a strong positive linear correlation with the fruit diameter at harvest, and the correlation between the fruit diameter at harvest and DFGR during early and mid-growing season was much better than that between the fruit diameter at harvest and either fruit diameter at a given time or the relative growth rate during early or mid-growing season. The fruit diameters obtained in the field were compared with the mean fruit diameters estimated based on different criteria, such as DFGRs (based on fruit diameter, fruit dry weight, fruit fresh weight, or fruit volume) during early and mid-growing season, and fruit diameter at 120 DAFB. Results showed that daily growth rate of fruit diameter during 30 - 50 DAFB was the best criterion for forecasting fruit diameter at harvest. There was no significant difference in mean fruit diameter between the value measured in the field at harvest and that estimated based on the daily growth rate of fruit diameter during 30 - 50 DAFB (equations for forecasting: y = 153.571 x + 73.492) either for the individual trees or for different vigor groups of trees. Daily growth rate of fruit diameter during 30 - 50 DAFB can be used as the basis for forecasting fruit diameter at harvest.展开更多
microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous, non-coding, short (～21 nt) RNAs directly involved in regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Previous reports have noted that plant miRNAs in the pl...microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous, non-coding, short (～21 nt) RNAs directly involved in regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Previous reports have noted that plant miRNAs in the plant kingdom are highly conserved, which provides the foundation for identification of conserved miRNAs in other plant species through homology alignment. Conserved miRNAs in wheat are identified using EST (Expressed Sequence Tags) and GSS analysis. All previously known miRNAs in other plant species were blasted against wheat EST and GSS sequences to select novel miRNAs in wheat by a series of filtering criteria. From a total of 37 conserved miRNAs belonging to 18 miRNA families 10 conserved miRNAs comprising 4 families were reported in wheat. MiR395 is found to be a special family, because three members belonging to the same miR395 family are clustered together, similar to animal miRNAs. MiRNA targets are transcription factors involved in wheat growth and development, metabolism,and stress responses.展开更多
Transpiration rate and ion distribution of pagoda tree, walnut, velvet ash and poplar seedlings treated by NaCl solution of 0, 50, 100, 200 mmol·L-1 were studied. The results showed that there were significant di...Transpiration rate and ion distribution of pagoda tree, walnut, velvet ash and poplar seedlings treated by NaCl solution of 0, 50, 100, 200 mmol·L-1 were studied. The results showed that there were significant differences in the response to NaCl among the four tree species. Na+ exclusion capacity of pagoda tree was the largest among the four species. The Na+ exclusion capacity of velvet ash was less than that of pagoda tree. Salt excretion capacity of velvet ash was limited. Its salt-tolerance was bigge...展开更多
Dear editor, Isopropanol, also named 2-propanol or isopropyl alcohol(IPA), is a colorless, volatile liquid found in numerous household chemicals, such as cleaners and disinfectants, which typically contain a 70% solut...Dear editor, Isopropanol, also named 2-propanol or isopropyl alcohol(IPA), is a colorless, volatile liquid found in numerous household chemicals, such as cleaners and disinfectants, which typically contain a 70% solution of IPA in water. IPA is also extensively used in industry and laboratories as a solvent.展开更多
In order to utilize wilt disease resistance of bottle gourd,total DNA of bottle gourd was introduced into watermelon through the method of aoeking embryo.The DNA-introduced variant were cultured in contaminated soil t...In order to utilize wilt disease resistance of bottle gourd,total DNA of bottle gourd was introduced into watermelon through the method of aoeking embryo.The DNA-introduced variant were cultured in contaminated soil to elect the wilt disease resistance for more than 3 genera- tions.2 high-resistant and 2 middle-resistant watermelon materials were obtained.展开更多
Different temperatures and PEF packing treatments were carried out on postharvest Huanghua pear fruit to investigate their effects on fruit storability and the regulatory mechanism. LOX activity, O2- content, AOS acti...Different temperatures and PEF packing treatments were carried out on postharvest Huanghua pear fruit to investigate their effects on fruit storability and the regulatory mechanism. LOX activity, O2- content, AOS activity, ACC synthase activity, ACC content, ACC oxidase activity and ethylene production changed with peaks in the ripening fruit at 20℃ and were inhibited by cold storage, incidence of fruit woolness and fruit decay were lightened as well. Low temperature combined with PEF packing (PEF1 and PEF2) treatments could further improve the fruit storability, maintain preferable quality. There was no significant difference between PEF1 and PEF2 both during cold storage at 1℃ and shelf life at 20℃. The recommended storage period of Huanghua fruit was two months at It and could be extended one month longer with PEF packing treatments.展开更多
Sugar Baby susceptible to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum was crossed with high resistant male parents D3-1 and D3-2,respectively.F1 hybrids showed high resistance.The segregation ratios of resistance to susceptibility...Sugar Baby susceptible to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum was crossed with high resistant male parents D3-1 and D3-2,respectively.F1 hybrids showed high resistance.The segregation ratios of resistance to susceptibility of F2 and of BC1 hybrid population from Sugar Baby tallied with 3:1 and 1:1,respectively.The results indicated that the resistance to Fusarium wilt was a kind of dominant inheritance controlled by mono-gene or mono-segment DNA.Furthermore,5 hybrid combinations with fine character were bred.Among them,3 were high resistant to Fusarium wilt,and 2 were medium resistant.展开更多
基金This work was supported by a Key Project (Grant No. 39730340) from the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the National Key Basic Research Project (Grant No. G1999011700).
文摘Water stress-induced ABA accumulation plays a key role in the root to shoot communication and/or the cell to cell signaling under the soil stresses. The signaling of the water stress itself that leads to the accumulation, however, is less known. In this study, we subjected the roots of Malus hupehensis seedlings to water stress treatment and investigated the ABA accumulation in relation to protein phos-phorylation. Our results showed that ABA accumulation could be substantially triggered in 40 min and reached 4 folds in 100 min after treatment with 30% PEG 6000 (polyethylene glycol). The water stress treatment also led to a substantial enhancement of total kinase activity, assessed with histone-111 as substrate, in 15 min and a maximum enhancement in 30 min before it declined to initial level. The Ca2+-dependent kinase activity showed a similar, if not more sensitive, trend. When the roots were fed with labeled 32P-ATP, water stress enhanced the labeling of proteins, which showed a maximum labeling at
文摘Vegetative growth of young apple trees trained in vertical axis were studied with ' Red Fuji', 'Jonagold', 'Orin' and ' Starkrimson' on M7, MM106, M26 interstocks in northern China. About 30 branches sprouted from the central leader of the trees during the 4 years after planting for ' Red Fuji' and 'Jonagold', and 26.7 and 20 branches respectively for 'Orin' and 'Starkrimson'. Moreover the 2-year-old section of the central leader had the strongest capacity to sprout new branches (and sometimes the 1-year-old section too), and sprouted more new shoots than the other section. The total new shoots including spurs on the 4-year-old trees reached 631 per tree for 'Jonagold', about 480 for 'Red Fuji' and 'Orin', and 312 for 'Starkrimson'. Percentage of spurs was about 61% for 'Red Fuji', 73% for 'Jonagold' and 'Orin', and 81% for 'Starkrimson'. Growth vigor of the central leader and limbs of the young apple trees could quickly decline: the growth of the central leader decreased markedly in the fourth year after planting, and branches from the central leader grew vigorously only in the current growth season or in the first two years after branching.
文摘The fruit growth evolution on 35 tagged 'Fuji' apple trees was studied in three successive growing seasons from 1994 to 1996 to explore a new method for forecasting the fruit diameter at harvest during early growing season. Daily fruit growth rate (DFGR) (based on fruit diameter, fruit dry weight, fruit fresh weight, or fruit volume) during the early growing season, 30 - 50 d after full bloom (DAFB), or during mid-growing season (60-120 DAFB), displayed a strong positive linear correlation with the fruit diameter at harvest, and the correlation between the fruit diameter at harvest and DFGR during early and mid-growing season was much better than that between the fruit diameter at harvest and either fruit diameter at a given time or the relative growth rate during early or mid-growing season. The fruit diameters obtained in the field were compared with the mean fruit diameters estimated based on different criteria, such as DFGRs (based on fruit diameter, fruit dry weight, fruit fresh weight, or fruit volume) during early and mid-growing season, and fruit diameter at 120 DAFB. Results showed that daily growth rate of fruit diameter during 30 - 50 DAFB was the best criterion for forecasting fruit diameter at harvest. There was no significant difference in mean fruit diameter between the value measured in the field at harvest and that estimated based on the daily growth rate of fruit diameter during 30 - 50 DAFB (equations for forecasting: y = 153.571 x + 73.492) either for the individual trees or for different vigor groups of trees. Daily growth rate of fruit diameter during 30 - 50 DAFB can be used as the basis for forecasting fruit diameter at harvest.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos 30600421 and 30430490) the National High Technology Research and Devel-opment Program of China (Grant No 2006BAD22BO1)
文摘microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous, non-coding, short (～21 nt) RNAs directly involved in regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Previous reports have noted that plant miRNAs in the plant kingdom are highly conserved, which provides the foundation for identification of conserved miRNAs in other plant species through homology alignment. Conserved miRNAs in wheat are identified using EST (Expressed Sequence Tags) and GSS analysis. All previously known miRNAs in other plant species were blasted against wheat EST and GSS sequences to select novel miRNAs in wheat by a series of filtering criteria. From a total of 37 conserved miRNAs belonging to 18 miRNA families 10 conserved miRNAs comprising 4 families were reported in wheat. MiR395 is found to be a special family, because three members belonging to the same miR395 family are clustered together, similar to animal miRNAs. MiRNA targets are transcription factors involved in wheat growth and development, metabolism,and stress responses.
基金Ninth-five" National priority project (96-007-01-05): Studies on techniques of selection and breeding of resistant plants in "Sanbei" area of China.
文摘Transpiration rate and ion distribution of pagoda tree, walnut, velvet ash and poplar seedlings treated by NaCl solution of 0, 50, 100, 200 mmol·L-1 were studied. The results showed that there were significant differences in the response to NaCl among the four tree species. Na+ exclusion capacity of pagoda tree was the largest among the four species. The Na+ exclusion capacity of velvet ash was less than that of pagoda tree. Salt excretion capacity of velvet ash was limited. Its salt-tolerance was bigge...
文摘Dear editor, Isopropanol, also named 2-propanol or isopropyl alcohol(IPA), is a colorless, volatile liquid found in numerous household chemicals, such as cleaners and disinfectants, which typically contain a 70% solution of IPA in water. IPA is also extensively used in industry and laboratories as a solvent.
文摘In order to utilize wilt disease resistance of bottle gourd,total DNA of bottle gourd was introduced into watermelon through the method of aoeking embryo.The DNA-introduced variant were cultured in contaminated soil to elect the wilt disease resistance for more than 3 genera- tions.2 high-resistant and 2 middle-resistant watermelon materials were obtained.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30270917) the Key Project of Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZD0004)
文摘Different temperatures and PEF packing treatments were carried out on postharvest Huanghua pear fruit to investigate their effects on fruit storability and the regulatory mechanism. LOX activity, O2- content, AOS activity, ACC synthase activity, ACC content, ACC oxidase activity and ethylene production changed with peaks in the ripening fruit at 20℃ and were inhibited by cold storage, incidence of fruit woolness and fruit decay were lightened as well. Low temperature combined with PEF packing (PEF1 and PEF2) treatments could further improve the fruit storability, maintain preferable quality. There was no significant difference between PEF1 and PEF2 both during cold storage at 1℃ and shelf life at 20℃. The recommended storage period of Huanghua fruit was two months at It and could be extended one month longer with PEF packing treatments.
文摘Sugar Baby susceptible to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum was crossed with high resistant male parents D3-1 and D3-2,respectively.F1 hybrids showed high resistance.The segregation ratios of resistance to susceptibility of F2 and of BC1 hybrid population from Sugar Baby tallied with 3:1 and 1:1,respectively.The results indicated that the resistance to Fusarium wilt was a kind of dominant inheritance controlled by mono-gene or mono-segment DNA.Furthermore,5 hybrid combinations with fine character were bred.Among them,3 were high resistant to Fusarium wilt,and 2 were medium resistant.
