Carbonate rock chemical weathering carbon sinks reduce the rate of increase of the atmospheric CO_(2) concentration and global warming. However, uncertainty still exists in the estimation results of carbonate rock che...Carbonate rock chemical weathering carbon sinks reduce the rate of increase of the atmospheric CO_(2) concentration and global warming. However, uncertainty still exists in the estimation results of carbonate rock chemical weathering carbon sink fluxes(CCSF), and the contributions of climate change and ecological restoration to the CCSF are not clear. To this end, we compiled published site data on ion concentrations in different watersheds in China and used a classical thermodynamic dissolution model to reassess the potential and spatial and temporal patterns of the CCSF in China from 1991 to 2020. We quantified the contributions of temperature(MAT), precipitation(MAP), evapotranspiration(ET), soil water(SM), and the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) to the CCSF. The results revealed that(1) China's CCSF was 22.76 t CO_(2)km^(-2)yr^(-1), which was higher than the global average(15.77 t CO_(2)km^(-2)yr^(-1)). The total carbonate rock chemical weathering carbon sink(CCS) was 4772.67×10^(4)t CO_(2), contributing 14.91% of the global CCS through a carbonate rock area of 252.98×10^(4)km^(-2).(2) China's CCSF decreased gradually from southeast to northwest, with values of 33.14, 12.93, and7.27 t CO_(2)km^(-2)yr^(-1)in the southern karst, Qinghai-Tibetan karst, and northern karst regions, respectively.(3) The overall CCSF in China exhibited an increasing trend from 1991 to 2020, with a rate of increase of 0.16 t CO_(2)km^(-2)yr^(-1).(4) The contributions of the MAP, MAT, ET, SM, and NDVI to the CCSF were 63.3%, 3.02%, 27.5%, 3.1%, and 3.05%, respectively. Among them, the increase in precipitation was the main contributor to the increase in the CCSF in China over the last 30 years, while the enhancement of ET offset part of the positive contribution of the increase in precipitation to the CCSF. In conclusion, the results of this study provide a systematic quantification of the magnitude, the patterns, and the influencing factors of CCS over a long time series in China. The results are of great significance 展开更多
The accurate determination of the carbon-neutrality capacity(CNC)of a region is crucial for developing policies related to emissions and climate change.However,a systematic diagnostic method for determining the CNC th...The accurate determination of the carbon-neutrality capacity(CNC)of a region is crucial for developing policies related to emissions and climate change.However,a systematic diagnostic method for determining the CNC that considers the rock chemical weathering carbon sink(RCS)is lacking.Moreover,it is challenging but indispensable to establish a fast and practical index model to determine the CNC.Here,we selected Guizhou as the study area,used the methods for different types of carbon sinks,and constructed a CNC index(CNCI)model.We found that:(1)the carbonate rock chemical weathering carbon sink flux was 30.3 t CO_(2)km^(-2)yr^(-1).Guizhou accounted for 1.8%of the land area and contributed 5.4%of the carbonate chemical weathering carbon sink;(2)the silicate rock chemical weathering carbon sink and its flux were 1.44×10^(3)t CO_(2)and 2.43 t CO_(2)km^(-2)yr^(-1),respectively;(3)the vegetation-soil ecosystem carbon sink and its flux were 1.37×10^(8)t CO_(2)and 831.70 t CO_(2)km^(-2)yr^(-1),respectively;(4)the carbon emissions(CEs)were 280 Tg CO_(2),about 2.8%of the total for China;and(5)the total carbon sinks in Guizhou were 160 Tg CO_(2),with a CNCI of 57%,which is 4.8 times of China and 2.1 times of the world.In summary,we conducted a systematic diagnosis of the CNC considering the RCS and established a CNCI model.The results of this study have a strong implication and significance for national and global CNC determination and gap analysis.展开更多
Objective:To systematically assess the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for spastic hemiplegia after ischemic stroke.Methods:Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of acupuncture treatment for spastic hemiplegia aft...Objective:To systematically assess the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for spastic hemiplegia after ischemic stroke.Methods:Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of acupuncture treatment for spastic hemiplegia after ischemic stroke meeting the inclusion criteria in Cochrane Library,Medline,Excerpta Medica Database(EMBASE),PubMed,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),SinoMed,Chongqing VIP Database(VIP),and Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform(Wanfang)published from each database’s inception to February 2023 were retrieved by computer.Two reviewers independently extracted data and evaluated the risk of bias using Cochrane’s risk of bias tool.Review Manager 5.4 was used for data analysis.Continuous data were evaluated using mean difference(MD)with a 95%confidence interval(CI),and dichotomous data were analyzed using risk ratio(RR).Results:A total of 24 trials,including 1970 participants,were included in the study.The meta-analysis of 7 trials showed that compared to the rehabilitation therapy,acupuncture therapy was more effective in improving the simplified Fugl-Meyer assessment score after 1-month treatments[MD=10.52,95%CI(7.81,13.23),P<0.001].The meta-analysis of 2 articles showed the same tendency after 6-month treatments[MD=19.18,95%CI(11.34,27.02),P<0.001],and the 6-month treatment course resulted in better outcomes than the 1-month course.The meta-analysis of 8 trials showed that acupuncture had a better improvement on the Barthel index score than rehabilitation therapy after 1-month treatments[MD=10.78,95%CI(8.91,12.64),P<0.001].The meta-analysis of 2 articles showed the same tendency after 6-month treatments[MD=19.94,95%CI(19.02,20.87),P<0.001],and the 6-month course was better than the 1-month course.The meta-analysis of 2 trials showed that the effective rate of the modified Ashworth scale score improvement was more notable in the acupuncture group after 1-month treatments[RR=1.20,95%CI(1.02,1.40),P=0.020].One trial reported no adverse event,and 1 trial reported 3 adverse events without展开更多
Amomi Fructus(Sharen,AF)is a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)from three source species(or varieties),including Wurfbainia villosa var.villosa(WVV),W.villosa var.xanthioides(WVX),or W.longiligularis(WL).Among them,WVV...Amomi Fructus(Sharen,AF)is a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)from three source species(or varieties),including Wurfbainia villosa var.villosa(WVV),W.villosa var.xanthioides(WVX),or W.longiligularis(WL).Among them,WVV has been transplanted from its top-geoherb region,Guangdong,to its current main production area,Yunnan,for>50 years in China.However,the genetic and transcriptomic differentiation among multiple AF source species(or varieties)and between the origin and transplanted populations of WVV is unknown.In our study,the observed overall higher expression of terpenoid biosynthesis genes in WVV than in WVX provided possible evidence for the better pharmacological effect of WVV.We also screened six candidate borneol dehydrogenases(BDHs)that potentially catalyzed borneol into camphor in WVV and functionally verified them.Highly expressed genes at the P2 stage of WVV,Wv05G1424 and Wv05G1438,were capable of catalyzing the formation of camphor from(+)-borneol,(-)-borneol and DL-isoborneol.Moreover,the BDH genes may experience independent evolution after acquiring the ancestral copies,and the following tandem duplications might account for the abundant camphor content in WVV.Furthermore,four populations of WVV,WVX,and WL are genetically differentiated,and the gene flow from WVX to WVV in Yunnan contributed to the greater genetic diversity in the introduced population(WVV-JH)than in its top-geoherb region(WVV-YC),which showed the lowest genetic diversity and might undergo genetic degradation.In addition,terpene synthesis(TPS)and BDH genes were selected among populations of multiple AF source species(or varieties)and between the top-and non-top-geoherb regions,which might explain the difference in metabolites between these populations.Our findings provide important guidance for the conservation,genetic improvement,and industrial development of the three source species(or varieties)and for identifying top-geoherbalism with molecular markers,and proper clinical application of AF.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(Grant Nos.U22A20619,42077455&42367008)the Western Light Cross-team Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.xbzg-zdsys-202101)+3 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.XDB40000000&XDA23060100)the Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Projects(Grant No.2022-198)the High-level Innovative Talents in Guizhou Province(Grant Nos.GCC[2022]015-1&2016-5648)the Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Subsidies(Grant Nos.GZ2019SIG&GZ2020SIG)。
文摘Carbonate rock chemical weathering carbon sinks reduce the rate of increase of the atmospheric CO_(2) concentration and global warming. However, uncertainty still exists in the estimation results of carbonate rock chemical weathering carbon sink fluxes(CCSF), and the contributions of climate change and ecological restoration to the CCSF are not clear. To this end, we compiled published site data on ion concentrations in different watersheds in China and used a classical thermodynamic dissolution model to reassess the potential and spatial and temporal patterns of the CCSF in China from 1991 to 2020. We quantified the contributions of temperature(MAT), precipitation(MAP), evapotranspiration(ET), soil water(SM), and the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) to the CCSF. The results revealed that(1) China's CCSF was 22.76 t CO_(2)km^(-2)yr^(-1), which was higher than the global average(15.77 t CO_(2)km^(-2)yr^(-1)). The total carbonate rock chemical weathering carbon sink(CCS) was 4772.67×10^(4)t CO_(2), contributing 14.91% of the global CCS through a carbonate rock area of 252.98×10^(4)km^(-2).(2) China's CCSF decreased gradually from southeast to northwest, with values of 33.14, 12.93, and7.27 t CO_(2)km^(-2)yr^(-1)in the southern karst, Qinghai-Tibetan karst, and northern karst regions, respectively.(3) The overall CCSF in China exhibited an increasing trend from 1991 to 2020, with a rate of increase of 0.16 t CO_(2)km^(-2)yr^(-1).(4) The contributions of the MAP, MAT, ET, SM, and NDVI to the CCSF were 63.3%, 3.02%, 27.5%, 3.1%, and 3.05%, respectively. Among them, the increase in precipitation was the main contributor to the increase in the CCSF in China over the last 30 years, while the enhancement of ET offset part of the positive contribution of the increase in precipitation to the CCSF. In conclusion, the results of this study provide a systematic quantification of the magnitude, the patterns, and the influencing factors of CCS over a long time series in China. The results are of great significance
基金supported jointly by Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NO.U22A20619)Western Light Cross-team Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.xbzg-zdsys-202101)+6 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42077455&No.42167032)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB40000000&No.XDA23060100)Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Projects(No.2022-198)High-level innovative talents in Guizhou Province(No.GCC[2022]015-1&No.2016e5648)Guizhou Provincial 2020 Science and Technology Subsidies(No.GZ2020SIG)Opening Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry(No.SKLEG2022206&No.SKLEG2022208)The central government leading local science and technology development(No.QianKeZhongYinDi[2021]4028).
文摘The accurate determination of the carbon-neutrality capacity(CNC)of a region is crucial for developing policies related to emissions and climate change.However,a systematic diagnostic method for determining the CNC that considers the rock chemical weathering carbon sink(RCS)is lacking.Moreover,it is challenging but indispensable to establish a fast and practical index model to determine the CNC.Here,we selected Guizhou as the study area,used the methods for different types of carbon sinks,and constructed a CNC index(CNCI)model.We found that:(1)the carbonate rock chemical weathering carbon sink flux was 30.3 t CO_(2)km^(-2)yr^(-1).Guizhou accounted for 1.8%of the land area and contributed 5.4%of the carbonate chemical weathering carbon sink;(2)the silicate rock chemical weathering carbon sink and its flux were 1.44×10^(3)t CO_(2)and 2.43 t CO_(2)km^(-2)yr^(-1),respectively;(3)the vegetation-soil ecosystem carbon sink and its flux were 1.37×10^(8)t CO_(2)and 831.70 t CO_(2)km^(-2)yr^(-1),respectively;(4)the carbon emissions(CEs)were 280 Tg CO_(2),about 2.8%of the total for China;and(5)the total carbon sinks in Guizhou were 160 Tg CO_(2),with a CNCI of 57%,which is 4.8 times of China and 2.1 times of the world.In summary,we conducted a systematic diagnosis of the CNC considering the RCS and established a CNCI model.The results of this study have a strong implication and significance for national and global CNC determination and gap analysis.
文摘Objective:To systematically assess the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for spastic hemiplegia after ischemic stroke.Methods:Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of acupuncture treatment for spastic hemiplegia after ischemic stroke meeting the inclusion criteria in Cochrane Library,Medline,Excerpta Medica Database(EMBASE),PubMed,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),SinoMed,Chongqing VIP Database(VIP),and Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform(Wanfang)published from each database’s inception to February 2023 were retrieved by computer.Two reviewers independently extracted data and evaluated the risk of bias using Cochrane’s risk of bias tool.Review Manager 5.4 was used for data analysis.Continuous data were evaluated using mean difference(MD)with a 95%confidence interval(CI),and dichotomous data were analyzed using risk ratio(RR).Results:A total of 24 trials,including 1970 participants,were included in the study.The meta-analysis of 7 trials showed that compared to the rehabilitation therapy,acupuncture therapy was more effective in improving the simplified Fugl-Meyer assessment score after 1-month treatments[MD=10.52,95%CI(7.81,13.23),P<0.001].The meta-analysis of 2 articles showed the same tendency after 6-month treatments[MD=19.18,95%CI(11.34,27.02),P<0.001],and the 6-month treatment course resulted in better outcomes than the 1-month course.The meta-analysis of 8 trials showed that acupuncture had a better improvement on the Barthel index score than rehabilitation therapy after 1-month treatments[MD=10.78,95%CI(8.91,12.64),P<0.001].The meta-analysis of 2 articles showed the same tendency after 6-month treatments[MD=19.94,95%CI(19.02,20.87),P<0.001],and the 6-month course was better than the 1-month course.The meta-analysis of 2 trials showed that the effective rate of the modified Ashworth scale score improvement was more notable in the acupuncture group after 1-month treatments[RR=1.20,95%CI(1.02,1.40),P=0.020].One trial reported no adverse event,and 1 trial reported 3 adverse events without
基金This study was supported by Yunnan Science and Technology Talents and Platform Program(Academician and ExpertWorkstations,202205AF150071)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2020YFA0907900,2022YFD1600300,and 2017YFC1701100)+6 种基金Open Projects of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Conservation and Genetic Improvement(No.KL2022KF01)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.KQTD2016113010482651)special funds for Science Technology Innovation and Industrial Development of Shenzhen Dapeng New District(Nos.RC201901-05 and PT201901-19)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020 M672904)the Basic and Applied Basic Research Fund of Guangdong(No.2020A1515110912)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32070242 and 82260736)Science Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality of China(ZDSYS 20200811142605017).
文摘Amomi Fructus(Sharen,AF)is a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)from three source species(or varieties),including Wurfbainia villosa var.villosa(WVV),W.villosa var.xanthioides(WVX),or W.longiligularis(WL).Among them,WVV has been transplanted from its top-geoherb region,Guangdong,to its current main production area,Yunnan,for>50 years in China.However,the genetic and transcriptomic differentiation among multiple AF source species(or varieties)and between the origin and transplanted populations of WVV is unknown.In our study,the observed overall higher expression of terpenoid biosynthesis genes in WVV than in WVX provided possible evidence for the better pharmacological effect of WVV.We also screened six candidate borneol dehydrogenases(BDHs)that potentially catalyzed borneol into camphor in WVV and functionally verified them.Highly expressed genes at the P2 stage of WVV,Wv05G1424 and Wv05G1438,were capable of catalyzing the formation of camphor from(+)-borneol,(-)-borneol and DL-isoborneol.Moreover,the BDH genes may experience independent evolution after acquiring the ancestral copies,and the following tandem duplications might account for the abundant camphor content in WVV.Furthermore,four populations of WVV,WVX,and WL are genetically differentiated,and the gene flow from WVX to WVV in Yunnan contributed to the greater genetic diversity in the introduced population(WVV-JH)than in its top-geoherb region(WVV-YC),which showed the lowest genetic diversity and might undergo genetic degradation.In addition,terpene synthesis(TPS)and BDH genes were selected among populations of multiple AF source species(or varieties)and between the top-and non-top-geoherb regions,which might explain the difference in metabolites between these populations.Our findings provide important guidance for the conservation,genetic improvement,and industrial development of the three source species(or varieties)and for identifying top-geoherbalism with molecular markers,and proper clinical application of AF.
