Traditional occupational disease control and prevention has remained prevalent in China over recent decades. There are appropriately 30,000 new case reports of occupational diseases annually. Although China has alread...Traditional occupational disease control and prevention has remained prevalent in China over recent decades. There are appropriately 30,000 new case reports of occupational diseases annually. Although China has already established a series of occupational disease prevention programs, occupational health risk assessment （OHRA） strategies continue to be a limitation.展开更多
A field study was conducted in the Taihu Lake region, China in 2004 to reveal the organochlorine pesticide concentrations in soils after the ban of these substances in the year 1983. Thirteen organochlorine pesticides...A field study was conducted in the Taihu Lake region, China in 2004 to reveal the organochlorine pesticide concentrations in soils after the ban of these substances in the year 1983. Thirteen organochlorine pesticides （OCPs） were analyzed in soils from paddy field, tree land and fallow land. Total organochlorine pesticide residues were higher in agricultural soils than in uncultivated fallow land soils. Among all the pesticides, ΣDDX （DDD, DDE and DDT） had the highest concentration for all the soil samples, ranging from 3.10 ng/g to 166.55 ng/g with a mean value of 57.04 ng/g and followed by ΣHCH, ranging from 0.73 ng/g to 60.97 ng/g with a mean value of 24.06 ng/g. Dieldrin, endrin, HCB and α-endosulfan were also found in soils with less than 15 ng/g. Ratios of p,p＇-（DDD＋DDE）/DDT in soils under three land usages were： paddy field 〉 tree land 〉 fallow land, indicating that land usage inlfuenced the degradation of DDT in soils. Ratios of p,p＇-（DDD＋DDE）/DDT 〉1, showing aged residues of DDTs in soils of the Taihu Lake region. The results were discussed with data from a former study that showed very low actual concentrations of HCH and DDT in soils in the Taihu Lake region, but according to the chemical half-lives and their concentrations in soils in 1980s, the concentration of DDT in soils seemed to be underestimated. In any case our data show that the ban on the use of HCH and DDT resulted in a tremendous reduction of these pesticide residues in soils, but there are still high amounts of pesticide residues in soils, which need more remediation processes.展开更多
Vasculogenic mimicry(VM),a newly-defined pattern of tumor blood supply,provides a special passage without endothelial cells and is conspicuously different from angiogenesis and vasculogenesis.The biological features o...Vasculogenic mimicry(VM),a newly-defined pattern of tumor blood supply,provides a special passage without endothelial cells and is conspicuously different from angiogenesis and vasculogenesis.The biological features of the tumor cells that form VM remain unknown.Cancer stem cells(CSCs)are believed to be tumorinitiating cells,capable of self-renewal and multipotent differentiation,which resemble normal stem cells in phenotype and function.Recently CSCs have been shown to contribute to VM formation as well as angiogenesis.These findings challenge the previous understanding of the cellular basis of VM formation.In this review,we present evidence for participation of CSCs in VM formation.We also discuss the potential mechanisms and possible interaction of CSCs with various elements in tumor microenvironment niche.Based on the importance of VM in tumor progression,it constitutes a novel therapeutic target for cancer.展开更多
Organochlorinated compounds are ubiquitous contaminants in the environment, especially in industrial sites. The objective of the work was to investigate whether a vegetable field near an industrial site is safe for ve...Organochlorinated compounds are ubiquitous contaminants in the environment, especially in industrial sites. The objective of the work was to investigate whether a vegetable field near an industrial site is safe for vegetable production. The residues of chlorobenzenes （CBs）, hexachlorocyclohexanes （HCHs） and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes （DDTs） in a vegetable field which was near a chemical plant in China were characterized. Point estimate quotient was used for ecological risk assessment of the investigated site. The results showed that all CBs except monochlorobenzene （MCB） were detected in soils. The total concentrations of ∑ CBs ranged from 71.06 to 716.57 ng/g, with a mean concentration of 434.93 ng/g. The main components of CBs in soil samples were dichlorobenzenes （DCBs）, trichlorobenzenes （TCBs） and tetrachlorobenzenes （TeCBs）, while for single congeners, 1,2,4-TCB had the highest concentration, which ranged from 13.21 to 210.35 ng/g with a mean concentration of 111.89 ng/g. Residues of hexachlorobenzene （HCB） in soil samples ranged from 0.9 to 11.79 ng/g, significantly lower than ∑ DCB, ∑ TCB and ∑ TeCB. Concentrations of ∑ HCHs and ∑ DDTs in soils ranged from 11.32 to 55.24 ng/g and from 195.63 to 465.58 ng/g, respectively, of which the main components were α-HCH and p,p＇-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene （p,p＇-DDE）. Ecological risk assessment for the investigated site showed that the most potential risks were from TCBs and TeCBs, based on the hazard quotients. The higher residues of CBs and DDTs compared to the target values and the higher than 1 hazard quotients indicated that this area is not safe for vegetable production and thus soil remediation is needed.展开更多
AIM To investigate changes in gut microbiota and metabolism during nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) development in mice fed a methionine-choline-deficient(MCD) diet. METHODS Twenty-four male C57 BL/6 J mice were equ...AIM To investigate changes in gut microbiota and metabolism during nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) development in mice fed a methionine-choline-deficient(MCD) diet. METHODS Twenty-four male C57 BL/6 J mice were equally divided into four groups and fed a methionine-choline-sufficient diet for 2 wk(Control 2 w group,n = 6) or 4 wk(Control 4 w group,n = 6) or the MCD diet for 2 wk(MCD 2 w group,n = 6) or 4 wk(MCD 4 w group,n = 6). Liver injury,fibrosis,and intestinal barrier function were evaluated after 2 and 4 wk of feeding. The fecal microbiome and metabolome were studied using 16 s r RNA deep sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS The mice fed the MCD diet presented with simple hepatic steatosis and slight intestinal barrier deterioration after 2 wk. After 4 wk of feeding with the MCD diet,however,the mice developed prominent NASH with liver fibrosis,and the intestinal barrier was more impaired. Compared with the control diet,the MCD diet induced gradual gut microbiota dysbiosis,as evidenced by a marked decrease in the abundance of Alistipes and the(Eubacterium) coprostanoligenes group(P < 0.001 and P < 0.05,respectively) and a significant increase in Ruminococcaceae UCG 014 abundance(P < 0.05) after 2 wk. At 4 wk,the MCD diet significantly reduced the promising probiotic Bifidobacterium levels and markedly promoted Bacteroides abundance(P < 0.05,and P < 0.01,respectively). The fecal metabolomic profile was also substantially altered by the MCD diet: At 2 wk,arachidic acid,hexadecane,palmitic acid,and tetracosane were selected as potential biomarkers that were significantly different in the corresponding control group,and at 4 wk,cholic acid,cholesterol,arachidic acid,tetracosane,and stearic acid were selected. CONCLUSION The MCD diet induced persistent alterations in the gut microbiota and metabolome.展开更多
The United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides an important framework for economic,social,and environmental action.A comprehensive indicator system to aid in the systematic implementation and moni...The United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides an important framework for economic,social,and environmental action.A comprehensive indicator system to aid in the systematic implementation and monitoring of progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)is unfortunately limited in many countries due to lack of data.The availability of a growing amount of multi-source data and rapid advancements in big data methods and infrastructure provide unique opportunities to mitigate these data shortages and develop innovative methodologies for comparatively monitoring SDGs.Big Earth Data,a special class of big data with spatial attributes,holds tremendous potential to facilitate science,technology,and innovation toward implementing SDGs around the world.Several programs and initiatives in China have invested in Big Earth Data infrastructure and capabilities,and have successfully carried out case studies to demonstrate their utility in sustainability science.This paper presents implementations of Big Earth Data in evaluating SDG indicators,including the development of new algorithms,indicator expansion(for SDG 11.4.1)and indicator extension(for SDG 11.3.1),introduction of a biodiversity risk index as a more effective analysis method for SDG 15.5.1,and several new high-quality data products,such as global net ecosystem productivity,high-resolution global mountain green cover index,and endangered species richness.These innovations are used to present a comprehensive analysis of SDGs 2,6,11,13,14,and 15 from 2010 to 2020 in China utilizing Big Earth Data,concluding that all six SDGs are on schedule to be achieved by 2030.展开更多
Soll samples with three fertilization treatments （no fertilizer, corn straw and farm manure） collected from a Lou soil （Eum-orthic Anthrosol classfied using Chinese Soil Taxonomy） in northwestern China were analys...Soll samples with three fertilization treatments （no fertilizer, corn straw and farm manure） collected from a Lou soil （Eum-orthic Anthrosol classfied using Chinese Soil Taxonomy） in northwestern China were analysed for residual levels and their characteristics of organochlorine pesticides （α-HCH, β-HCH,γ-HCH, δ-HCH, HCB, o, p＇-DDT, p, p＇-DDT, o, p＇- DDE, p,p＇-DDE, p,p＇-DDD, α-endosulfan, dieldrin and endrin）. Organochlorine pesticides （OCPs） were detected in all soil samples except δ-HCH and their total concentrations ranged from 159.31 ± 9.00 to 179.77 ± 2.58 ng g^-1 with an order of HCHs 〉 DDTs 〉 （dieldrin ＋ endrin） 〉 HCB 〉 α-endosulfan. Among all the compounds, γ-HCH had the highest concentration followed by p, p＇-DDE. The residual levels of HCH isomers and DDT as well as their metabolites in soil with different fertilization treatments were in the order of γ-HCH 〉β-HCH ≈ α-HCH 〉 δ-HCH and p,p’-DDE 〉 p, p’-DDT 〉 o,p＇-DDT 〉 p, p＇-DDD ≈ o, p＇-DDE, respectively. DDE/DDT ratios ranged from 1.59 ± 0.13 to 3.35± 0.16 and endrin/dieldrin ratios from 1.40 ±0.06 to 9.20± 4.05, both indicating no new occurrence of these pesticides in these soils, while α-HCH/γ-HCH ratios of 0.04 indicated a new input of lindane （almost pure γ-HCH） in the past several years. The farm manure treatments showed lower DDT residues than samples without fertilizer. Also addition of corn straw and farm manure increased soil organic matter content and decreased the soil pH which could retard the degradation of DDT in the soil.展开更多
BACKGROUND Transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)is the first-line treatment for patients with unresectable liver cancer;however,TACE is associated with postembolization pain.AIM To analyze the risk factors for acute a...BACKGROUND Transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)is the first-line treatment for patients with unresectable liver cancer;however,TACE is associated with postembolization pain.AIM To analyze the risk factors for acute abdominal pain after TACE and establish a predictive model for postembolization pain.METHODS From January 2018 to September 2018,all patients with liver cancer who underwent TACE at our hospital were included.General characteristics;clinical,imaging,and procedural data;and postembolization pain were analyzed.Postembolization pain was defined as acute moderate-to-severe abdominal pain within 24 h after TACE.Logistic regression and a classification and regression tree were used to develop a predictive model.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to examine the efficacy of the predictive model.RESULTS We analyzed 522 patients who underwent a total of 582 TACE procedures.Ninety-seven(16.70%)episodes of severe pain occurred.A predictive model built based on the dataset from classification and regression tree analysis identified known invasion of blood vessels as the strongest predictor of subsequent performance,followed by history of TACE,method of TACE,and history of abdominal pain after TACE.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.736[95%confidence interval(CI):0.682-0.789],the sensitivity was 73.2%,the specificity was 65.6%,and the negative predictive value was 92.4%.Logistic regression produced similar results by identifying age[odds ratio(OR)=0.971;95%CI:0.951-0.992;P=0.007),history of TACE(OR=0.378;95%CI:0.189-0.757;P=0.007),history of abdominal pain after TACE(OR=6.288;95%CI:2.963-13.342;P<0.001),tumor size(OR=1.978;95%CI:1.175-3.330;P=0.01),multiple tumors(OR=2.164;95%CI:1.243-3.769;P=0.006),invasion of blood vessels(OR=1.756;95%CI:1.045-2.950;P=0.034),and TACE with drug-eluting beads(DEBTACE)(OR=2.05;95%CI:1.260-3.334;P=0.004)as independent predictive factors for postembolization pain.CONCLUSION Blood vessel invasion,TACE history,TACE with drug-eluting b展开更多
Objective: To observe the clinical effect of warm needling moxibustion plus Kai Qing Long Suo tuina therapy (opening the Qing Long lock, one type of 'Eight and a Half Locks' tuina therapy) for cervical spondyl...Objective: To observe the clinical effect of warm needling moxibustion plus Kai Qing Long Suo tuina therapy (opening the Qing Long lock, one type of 'Eight and a Half Locks' tuina therapy) for cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type (CSA). Methods: Sixty patients with CSA were randomly allocated into an observation group or a control group, with 30 cases in each group. The observation group was treated with warm needling moxibustion plus Kai Qing Long Suo tuina therapy, while the control group was treated with warm needling moxibustion alone. Warm needling moxibustion was conducted once every other day and tuina was con ducted once a day, 7-day treatme nts for one course. The clin ical efficacy and vertebral artery blood flow was observed after one course of treatment. Results: After treatment, the total effective rate was 93.3% in the observation group versus 80.0% in the control group, and there was a significant differenee between the two groups (P<0.05). After treatment, the systolic blood flow velocity of vertebral artery increased in both groups, with statistical significanee compared with that before treatment (both P<0.05), and the blood flow velocity in the observation group was faster than that in the control group, with statistical significanee between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: Both warm needling moxibustion plus Kai Qing Long Suo tuina therapy and warm needling moxibustion alone are both effective for CSA, can improve the systolic blood flow velocity of vertebral artery. The curative effect of warm needling moxibusiton plus Kai Qing Long Suo tuina therapy is better than that of warm needling moxibustion alone.展开更多
Objective： To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese medicine （CM） decoction Chang＇an I Recipe （肠安 Ⅰ号方） in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea （IBS-D）. Method： A multicenter, ran...Objective： To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese medicine （CM） decoction Chang＇an I Recipe （肠安 Ⅰ号方） in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea （IBS-D）. Method： A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was designed. Based on the order of inclusion, the IBS-D patients were randomly assigned to the treatment group or the placebo control group, administrated with Chang＇an I Recipe or placebo, 150 mL/bag, 3 times daily, for 8 weeks. The primary indices of efficacy included the effective rates of IBS symptom severity score （IBS-SSS） and the differences in adequate relief （AR） responder; the secondary indexes of efficacy included the changes in scores of the IBS Quality of Life （IBS-QOL） and Hospital Anxiety and Depression （HAD） scales. The safety indices included adverse events and related laboratory tests. Results： A total of 216 patients were included, with 109 in the treatment group and 107 in the control group, and finally 206 were included in the full analysis set （FAS）, 191 were included in the per protocol set （PPS）. In FAS, the total effective rate was 67.6% and 40.2% for the treatment and control groups, respectively, with 95% confidence interval （CI） for difference in the effective rates between the two groups of 14.4%-40.2%; while in PPS, the total effective rate was 71.3% and 41.2% for the treatment and control groups, respectively （95% CI 16.6%-43.4%）. The consistent conclusions of FAS and PPS showed a better efficacy in the treatment group. Both FAS and PPS showed higher AR responder in the treatment group （FAS： 59.6% vs. 35.5%; PPS： 62.8% vs. 38.1%）. As for IBS-QOL, the total score and scores in various dimensions of IBS-QOL were not significantly different between the two groups （P〉0.05）. Both anxiety and depression scales of HAD were not significantly different between the two groups （P〉0.05）. No adverse events or laboratory abnormalities were found to be obviou展开更多
Severe neurological symptoms are associated with Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).However,the morphologic features,pathological nature and their potential mechanisms in patient brains have not been revealed despite ...Severe neurological symptoms are associated with Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).However,the morphologic features,pathological nature and their potential mechanisms in patient brains have not been revealed despite evidence of neurotropic infection.In this study,neuropathological damages and infiltrating inflammatory cells were quantitatively evaluated by immunohistochemical staining,ultrastructural examination under electron microscopy,and an image threshold method,in postmortem brains from nine critically ill COVID-19 patients and nine age-matched cadavers of healthy individuals.Differentially expressed proteins were identified by quantitative proteomic assays.Histopathological findings included neurophagocytosis,microglia nodules,satellite phenomena,extensive edema,focal hemorrhage,and infarction,as well as infiltrating mononuclear cells.Immunostaining of COVID-19 brains revealed extensive activation of both microglia and astrocytes,severe damage of the blood-brain barrier(BBB)and various degrees of perivascular infiltration by predominantly CD14+/CD16+/CD141+/CCR7+/CD11c+monocytes and occasionally CD4+/CD8+T lymphocytes.Quantitative proteomic assays combined with bioinformatics analysis identified upregulated proteins predominantly involved in immune responses,autophagy and cellular metabolism in COVID-19 patient brains compared with control brains.Proteins involved in brain development,neuroprotection,and extracellular matrix proteins of the basement membrane were downregulated,potentially caused by the activation of transforming growth factorβreceptor and vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathways.Thus,our results define histopathological and molecular profiles of COVID-19-associated monocytic encephalitis(CAME)and suggest potential therapeutic targets.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(81472961)the Joint Projects of the National Health and Family Planning Commission of China and the Health Bureau of Zhejiang Province(No.WSK 2014-2-004)the Zhejiang Provincial Program for the Cultivation of High-Level Innovative Health Talents
文摘Traditional occupational disease control and prevention has remained prevalent in China over recent decades. There are appropriately 30,000 new case reports of occupational diseases annually. Although China has already established a series of occupational disease prevention programs, occupational health risk assessment （OHRA） strategies continue to be a limitation.
基金Project supported by the Outstanding Young Scholar Fund and Innovative Research Group of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40325001, 40621001)the National Basic Research and Development Program of China (No. 2002CB410805) the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. BK2005220).
文摘A field study was conducted in the Taihu Lake region, China in 2004 to reveal the organochlorine pesticide concentrations in soils after the ban of these substances in the year 1983. Thirteen organochlorine pesticides （OCPs） were analyzed in soils from paddy field, tree land and fallow land. Total organochlorine pesticide residues were higher in agricultural soils than in uncultivated fallow land soils. Among all the pesticides, ΣDDX （DDD, DDE and DDT） had the highest concentration for all the soil samples, ranging from 3.10 ng/g to 166.55 ng/g with a mean value of 57.04 ng/g and followed by ΣHCH, ranging from 0.73 ng/g to 60.97 ng/g with a mean value of 24.06 ng/g. Dieldrin, endrin, HCB and α-endosulfan were also found in soils with less than 15 ng/g. Ratios of p,p＇-（DDD＋DDE）/DDT in soils under three land usages were： paddy field 〉 tree land 〉 fallow land, indicating that land usage inlfuenced the degradation of DDT in soils. Ratios of p,p＇-（DDD＋DDE）/DDT 〉1, showing aged residues of DDTs in soils of the Taihu Lake region. The results were discussed with data from a former study that showed very low actual concentrations of HCH and DDT in soils in the Taihu Lake region, but according to the chemical half-lives and their concentrations in soils in 1980s, the concentration of DDT in soils seemed to be underestimated. In any case our data show that the ban on the use of HCH and DDT resulted in a tremendous reduction of these pesticide residues in soils, but there are still high amounts of pesticide residues in soils, which need more remediation processes.
基金the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(Grant No.2010CB529403)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.30800421,30725035 and 30930103).
文摘Vasculogenic mimicry(VM),a newly-defined pattern of tumor blood supply,provides a special passage without endothelial cells and is conspicuously different from angiogenesis and vasculogenesis.The biological features of the tumor cells that form VM remain unknown.Cancer stem cells(CSCs)are believed to be tumorinitiating cells,capable of self-renewal and multipotent differentiation,which resemble normal stem cells in phenotype and function.Recently CSCs have been shown to contribute to VM formation as well as angiogenesis.These findings challenge the previous understanding of the cellular basis of VM formation.In this review,we present evidence for participation of CSCs in VM formation.We also discuss the potential mechanisms and possible interaction of CSCs with various elements in tumor microenvironment niche.Based on the importance of VM in tumor progression,it constitutes a novel therapeutic target for cancer.
基金supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.KZCX2-EW-QN403)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41030531, 40921061)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No.BK2010608)
文摘Organochlorinated compounds are ubiquitous contaminants in the environment, especially in industrial sites. The objective of the work was to investigate whether a vegetable field near an industrial site is safe for vegetable production. The residues of chlorobenzenes （CBs）, hexachlorocyclohexanes （HCHs） and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes （DDTs） in a vegetable field which was near a chemical plant in China were characterized. Point estimate quotient was used for ecological risk assessment of the investigated site. The results showed that all CBs except monochlorobenzene （MCB） were detected in soils. The total concentrations of ∑ CBs ranged from 71.06 to 716.57 ng/g, with a mean concentration of 434.93 ng/g. The main components of CBs in soil samples were dichlorobenzenes （DCBs）, trichlorobenzenes （TCBs） and tetrachlorobenzenes （TeCBs）, while for single congeners, 1,2,4-TCB had the highest concentration, which ranged from 13.21 to 210.35 ng/g with a mean concentration of 111.89 ng/g. Residues of hexachlorobenzene （HCB） in soil samples ranged from 0.9 to 11.79 ng/g, significantly lower than ∑ DCB, ∑ TCB and ∑ TeCB. Concentrations of ∑ HCHs and ∑ DDTs in soils ranged from 11.32 to 55.24 ng/g and from 195.63 to 465.58 ng/g, respectively, of which the main components were α-HCH and p,p＇-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene （p,p＇-DDE）. Ecological risk assessment for the investigated site showed that the most potential risks were from TCBs and TeCBs, based on the hazard quotients. The higher residues of CBs and DDTs compared to the target values and the higher than 1 hazard quotients indicated that this area is not safe for vegetable production and thus soil remediation is needed.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81330011,No.81790631,and No.81790633the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81721091the National Basic Research Program of China(973 program),No.2013CB531401
文摘AIM To investigate changes in gut microbiota and metabolism during nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) development in mice fed a methionine-choline-deficient(MCD) diet. METHODS Twenty-four male C57 BL/6 J mice were equally divided into four groups and fed a methionine-choline-sufficient diet for 2 wk(Control 2 w group,n = 6) or 4 wk(Control 4 w group,n = 6) or the MCD diet for 2 wk(MCD 2 w group,n = 6) or 4 wk(MCD 4 w group,n = 6). Liver injury,fibrosis,and intestinal barrier function were evaluated after 2 and 4 wk of feeding. The fecal microbiome and metabolome were studied using 16 s r RNA deep sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS The mice fed the MCD diet presented with simple hepatic steatosis and slight intestinal barrier deterioration after 2 wk. After 4 wk of feeding with the MCD diet,however,the mice developed prominent NASH with liver fibrosis,and the intestinal barrier was more impaired. Compared with the control diet,the MCD diet induced gradual gut microbiota dysbiosis,as evidenced by a marked decrease in the abundance of Alistipes and the(Eubacterium) coprostanoligenes group(P < 0.001 and P < 0.05,respectively) and a significant increase in Ruminococcaceae UCG 014 abundance(P < 0.05) after 2 wk. At 4 wk,the MCD diet significantly reduced the promising probiotic Bifidobacterium levels and markedly promoted Bacteroides abundance(P < 0.05,and P < 0.01,respectively). The fecal metabolomic profile was also substantially altered by the MCD diet: At 2 wk,arachidic acid,hexadecane,palmitic acid,and tetracosane were selected as potential biomarkers that were significantly different in the corresponding control group,and at 4 wk,cholic acid,cholesterol,arachidic acid,tetracosane,and stearic acid were selected. CONCLUSION The MCD diet induced persistent alterations in the gut microbiota and metabolome.
基金supported by the Big Earth Data Science Engineering Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Strategic Priority Research Program(XDA19090000 and XDA19030000)。
文摘The United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides an important framework for economic,social,and environmental action.A comprehensive indicator system to aid in the systematic implementation and monitoring of progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)is unfortunately limited in many countries due to lack of data.The availability of a growing amount of multi-source data and rapid advancements in big data methods and infrastructure provide unique opportunities to mitigate these data shortages and develop innovative methodologies for comparatively monitoring SDGs.Big Earth Data,a special class of big data with spatial attributes,holds tremendous potential to facilitate science,technology,and innovation toward implementing SDGs around the world.Several programs and initiatives in China have invested in Big Earth Data infrastructure and capabilities,and have successfully carried out case studies to demonstrate their utility in sustainability science.This paper presents implementations of Big Earth Data in evaluating SDG indicators,including the development of new algorithms,indicator expansion(for SDG 11.4.1)and indicator extension(for SDG 11.3.1),introduction of a biodiversity risk index as a more effective analysis method for SDG 15.5.1,and several new high-quality data products,such as global net ecosystem productivity,high-resolution global mountain green cover index,and endangered species richness.These innovations are used to present a comprehensive analysis of SDGs 2,6,11,13,14,and 15 from 2010 to 2020 in China utilizing Big Earth Data,concluding that all six SDGs are on schedule to be achieved by 2030.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar (No. 40325001) the National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China (No. 2002CB410805)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. BK2005220).
文摘Soll samples with three fertilization treatments （no fertilizer, corn straw and farm manure） collected from a Lou soil （Eum-orthic Anthrosol classfied using Chinese Soil Taxonomy） in northwestern China were analysed for residual levels and their characteristics of organochlorine pesticides （α-HCH, β-HCH,γ-HCH, δ-HCH, HCB, o, p＇-DDT, p, p＇-DDT, o, p＇- DDE, p,p＇-DDE, p,p＇-DDD, α-endosulfan, dieldrin and endrin）. Organochlorine pesticides （OCPs） were detected in all soil samples except δ-HCH and their total concentrations ranged from 159.31 ± 9.00 to 179.77 ± 2.58 ng g^-1 with an order of HCHs 〉 DDTs 〉 （dieldrin ＋ endrin） 〉 HCB 〉 α-endosulfan. Among all the compounds, γ-HCH had the highest concentration followed by p, p＇-DDE. The residual levels of HCH isomers and DDT as well as their metabolites in soil with different fertilization treatments were in the order of γ-HCH 〉β-HCH ≈ α-HCH 〉 δ-HCH and p,p’-DDE 〉 p, p’-DDT 〉 o,p＇-DDT 〉 p, p＇-DDD ≈ o, p＇-DDE, respectively. DDE/DDT ratios ranged from 1.59 ± 0.13 to 3.35± 0.16 and endrin/dieldrin ratios from 1.40 ±0.06 to 9.20± 4.05, both indicating no new occurrence of these pesticides in these soils, while α-HCH/γ-HCH ratios of 0.04 indicated a new input of lindane （almost pure γ-HCH） in the past several years. The farm manure treatments showed lower DDT residues than samples without fertilizer. Also addition of corn straw and farm manure increased soil organic matter content and decreased the soil pH which could retard the degradation of DDT in the soil.
基金Supported by Medical Health Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Provincial Health Commission,China,No.2020372769.
文摘BACKGROUND Transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)is the first-line treatment for patients with unresectable liver cancer;however,TACE is associated with postembolization pain.AIM To analyze the risk factors for acute abdominal pain after TACE and establish a predictive model for postembolization pain.METHODS From January 2018 to September 2018,all patients with liver cancer who underwent TACE at our hospital were included.General characteristics;clinical,imaging,and procedural data;and postembolization pain were analyzed.Postembolization pain was defined as acute moderate-to-severe abdominal pain within 24 h after TACE.Logistic regression and a classification and regression tree were used to develop a predictive model.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to examine the efficacy of the predictive model.RESULTS We analyzed 522 patients who underwent a total of 582 TACE procedures.Ninety-seven(16.70%)episodes of severe pain occurred.A predictive model built based on the dataset from classification and regression tree analysis identified known invasion of blood vessels as the strongest predictor of subsequent performance,followed by history of TACE,method of TACE,and history of abdominal pain after TACE.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.736[95%confidence interval(CI):0.682-0.789],the sensitivity was 73.2%,the specificity was 65.6%,and the negative predictive value was 92.4%.Logistic regression produced similar results by identifying age[odds ratio(OR)=0.971;95%CI:0.951-0.992;P=0.007),history of TACE(OR=0.378;95%CI:0.189-0.757;P=0.007),history of abdominal pain after TACE(OR=6.288;95%CI:2.963-13.342;P<0.001),tumor size(OR=1.978;95%CI:1.175-3.330;P=0.01),multiple tumors(OR=2.164;95%CI:1.243-3.769;P=0.006),invasion of blood vessels(OR=1.756;95%CI:1.045-2.950;P=0.034),and TACE with drug-eluting beads(DEBTACE)(OR=2.05;95%CI:1.260-3.334;P=0.004)as independent predictive factors for postembolization pain.CONCLUSION Blood vessel invasion,TACE history,TACE with drug-eluting b
文摘Objective: To observe the clinical effect of warm needling moxibustion plus Kai Qing Long Suo tuina therapy (opening the Qing Long lock, one type of 'Eight and a Half Locks' tuina therapy) for cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type (CSA). Methods: Sixty patients with CSA were randomly allocated into an observation group or a control group, with 30 cases in each group. The observation group was treated with warm needling moxibustion plus Kai Qing Long Suo tuina therapy, while the control group was treated with warm needling moxibustion alone. Warm needling moxibustion was conducted once every other day and tuina was con ducted once a day, 7-day treatme nts for one course. The clin ical efficacy and vertebral artery blood flow was observed after one course of treatment. Results: After treatment, the total effective rate was 93.3% in the observation group versus 80.0% in the control group, and there was a significant differenee between the two groups (P<0.05). After treatment, the systolic blood flow velocity of vertebral artery increased in both groups, with statistical significanee compared with that before treatment (both P<0.05), and the blood flow velocity in the observation group was faster than that in the control group, with statistical significanee between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: Both warm needling moxibustion plus Kai Qing Long Suo tuina therapy and warm needling moxibustion alone are both effective for CSA, can improve the systolic blood flow velocity of vertebral artery. The curative effect of warm needling moxibusiton plus Kai Qing Long Suo tuina therapy is better than that of warm needling moxibustion alone.
基金Supported by China International Sciences and Technology Cooperation Program(No.2007DFA30560)
文摘Objective： To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese medicine （CM） decoction Chang＇an I Recipe （肠安 Ⅰ号方） in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea （IBS-D）. Method： A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was designed. Based on the order of inclusion, the IBS-D patients were randomly assigned to the treatment group or the placebo control group, administrated with Chang＇an I Recipe or placebo, 150 mL/bag, 3 times daily, for 8 weeks. The primary indices of efficacy included the effective rates of IBS symptom severity score （IBS-SSS） and the differences in adequate relief （AR） responder; the secondary indexes of efficacy included the changes in scores of the IBS Quality of Life （IBS-QOL） and Hospital Anxiety and Depression （HAD） scales. The safety indices included adverse events and related laboratory tests. Results： A total of 216 patients were included, with 109 in the treatment group and 107 in the control group, and finally 206 were included in the full analysis set （FAS）, 191 were included in the per protocol set （PPS）. In FAS, the total effective rate was 67.6% and 40.2% for the treatment and control groups, respectively, with 95% confidence interval （CI） for difference in the effective rates between the two groups of 14.4%-40.2%; while in PPS, the total effective rate was 71.3% and 41.2% for the treatment and control groups, respectively （95% CI 16.6%-43.4%）. The consistent conclusions of FAS and PPS showed a better efficacy in the treatment group. Both FAS and PPS showed higher AR responder in the treatment group （FAS： 59.6% vs. 35.5%; PPS： 62.8% vs. 38.1%）. As for IBS-QOL, the total score and scores in various dimensions of IBS-QOL were not significantly different between the two groups （P〉0.05）. Both anxiety and depression scales of HAD were not significantly different between the two groups （P〉0.05）. No adverse events or laboratory abnormalities were found to be obviou
基金This study was supported by the Emergency COVID-19 Projects from Guangzhou Laboratory(EKPG21-32 to X.-W.B.)from Chongqing Science and Technology Commission(2020NCPZX01,cstc2020jscx-fyzx0229 to X.-W.B.).
文摘Severe neurological symptoms are associated with Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).However,the morphologic features,pathological nature and their potential mechanisms in patient brains have not been revealed despite evidence of neurotropic infection.In this study,neuropathological damages and infiltrating inflammatory cells were quantitatively evaluated by immunohistochemical staining,ultrastructural examination under electron microscopy,and an image threshold method,in postmortem brains from nine critically ill COVID-19 patients and nine age-matched cadavers of healthy individuals.Differentially expressed proteins were identified by quantitative proteomic assays.Histopathological findings included neurophagocytosis,microglia nodules,satellite phenomena,extensive edema,focal hemorrhage,and infarction,as well as infiltrating mononuclear cells.Immunostaining of COVID-19 brains revealed extensive activation of both microglia and astrocytes,severe damage of the blood-brain barrier(BBB)and various degrees of perivascular infiltration by predominantly CD14+/CD16+/CD141+/CCR7+/CD11c+monocytes and occasionally CD4+/CD8+T lymphocytes.Quantitative proteomic assays combined with bioinformatics analysis identified upregulated proteins predominantly involved in immune responses,autophagy and cellular metabolism in COVID-19 patient brains compared with control brains.Proteins involved in brain development,neuroprotection,and extracellular matrix proteins of the basement membrane were downregulated,potentially caused by the activation of transforming growth factorβreceptor and vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathways.Thus,our results define histopathological and molecular profiles of COVID-19-associated monocytic encephalitis(CAME)and suggest potential therapeutic targets.
