一
本书是Epstein教授研究和指导家校合作工作的代表作和集大成之作."家校合作"是国内的提法,在国外(以及在本书中)对应的概念是"学校、家庭(和社区)合作伙伴关系"(School,Family,and Community Partnerships).
这...一
本书是Epstein教授研究和指导家校合作工作的代表作和集大成之作."家校合作"是国内的提法,在国外(以及在本书中)对应的概念是"学校、家庭(和社区)合作伙伴关系"(School,Family,and Community Partnerships).
这是一本写给美国教师、家长、校长和各级教育行政领导阅读的关于家校合作的经典工具书.无疑,从书名就可以看出,这是一本指导学校如何开展家校合作活动的行动指南,是按照家校合作的行动者的实践逻辑展开的,提供了详尽的、一步一步的家校合作行动策略.书中详细描述了美国、加拿大家校合作的实践框架、组织架构、制订计划与实施,对活动组织参与者的专业培训,分幼、小、初、高各学段和学校、学区和州各个行政层次的行动和责任特点,教师必须具备的有关专业知识、能力和工作内容,如何评估和选择有效的家校合作活动等等,具有很强的、系统的实践指导性.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) commonly occurs in hepatitis B endemic areas, especially in Asian countries. HCC is highly refractory to cytotoxic chemotherapy. This resistance is partly related to its tumor biology, p...Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) commonly occurs in hepatitis B endemic areas, especially in Asian countries. HCC is highly refractory to cytotoxic chemotherapy. This resistance is partly related to its tumor biology, pharmacokinetic properties, and both intrinsic and acquired drug resistance. There is no convincing evidence thus far that systemic chemotherapy improves overall survival in advanced HCC patients. Other systemic approaches, such as hormonal therapy and immunotherapy, have also disappointing results. Recently, encouraging results have been shown in using sorafenib in the treatment of advanced HCC patients. In this review, we concisely summarize the evolution of developments in the systemic therapy of advanced HCC.展开更多
The active layer is the top layer of permafrost soils that thaws during the summer season due to increased ambient temperatures and solar radiation inputs. This layer is important because almost all biological activit...The active layer is the top layer of permafrost soils that thaws during the summer season due to increased ambient temperatures and solar radiation inputs. This layer is important because almost all biological activity takes place there during the summer. The depth of active layer thaw is influenced by climatic conditions. Vegetation has also been found to have a strong impact on active layer thaw, because it can intercept incoming radiation, thereby insulating the soil from ambient conditions. In order to look at the role of vegetation and climate on active layer thaw, we measured thaw depth and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI; a proxy for aboveground plant biomass) along a latitudinal temperature gradient in arctic Alaska and Canada. At each site several measurements of thaw and NDVIwere taken in areas with high amounts of vegetation and areas with little to no vegetation. Results show that the warmest regions, which had the greatest levels of NDVI, had relatively shallow thaw depths, and the coldest regions, which had the lowest levels of NDVI, also had relatively shallow thaw depths. The intermediate regions, which had moderate levels of NDVIand air temperature, had the greatest depth of thaw. These results indicate that temperature and vegetation interact to control the depth of the active layer across a range of arctic ecosystems. By developing a relationship to explain thaw depth through NDVIand temperature or latitude, the possibility exists to extrapolate thaw depth over large scales via remote sensing applications.展开更多
Ab initio molecular dynamics(AIMD)simulation is widely employed in studying diffusion mechanisms and in quantifying diffusional properties of materials.However,AIMD simulations are often limited to a few hundred atoms...Ab initio molecular dynamics(AIMD)simulation is widely employed in studying diffusion mechanisms and in quantifying diffusional properties of materials.However,AIMD simulations are often limited to a few hundred atoms and a short,sub-nanosecond physical timescale,which leads to models that include only a limited number of diffusion events.As a result,the diffusional properties obtained from AIMD simulations are often plagued by poor statistics.In this paper,we re-examine the process to estimate diffusivity and ionic conductivity from the AIMD simulations and establish the procedure to minimize the fitting errors.In addition,we propose methods for quantifying the statistical variance of the diffusivity and ionic conductivity from the number of diffusion events observed during the AIMD simulation.Since an adequate number of diffusion events must be sampled,AIMD simulations should be sufficiently long and can only be performed on materials with reasonably fast diffusion.We chart the ranges of materials and physical conditions that can be accessible by AIMD simulations in studying diffusional properties.Our work provides the foundation for quantifying the statistical confidence levels of diffusion results from AIMD simulations and for correctly employing this powerful technique.展开更多
Background:Glaucoma patients undergoing phacoemulsification alone have a higher rate of refractive surprise compared to patients without glaucoma.This risk is further increased with combined filtering procedures.Indee...Background:Glaucoma patients undergoing phacoemulsification alone have a higher rate of refractive surprise compared to patients without glaucoma.This risk is further increased with combined filtering procedures.Indeed,there are few and conflicting reports on the effect of combined phacoemulsification and micro-invasive glaucoma surgery(MIGS).Here,we look at refractive outcomes of glaucoma patients undergoing phacoemulsification with and without Kahook Dual Blade(KDB)goniotomy.Methods:Retrospective chart review of 385 glaucomatous eyes of 281 patients,which underwent either phacoemulsification alone(n=309)or phacoemulsification with KDB goniotomy(n=76,phaco-KDB)at the University of Colorado.The main outcome was refractive surprise defined as the difference in target and postoperative refraction spherical equivalent greater than±0.5 Diopter(D).Results:Refractive surprise greater than±0.5 D occurred in 26.3%of eyes in the phaco-KDB group and 36.2%in the phacoemulsification group(p=0.11).Refractive surprise greater than±1.0 D occurred in 6.6%for the phacoKDB group and 9.7%for the phacoemulsification group(p=0.08).There was no significant difference in risk of refractive surprise when pre-operative IOP,axial length,keratometry or performance of KDB goniotomy were assessed in univariate analyses.Conclusion:There was no difference between refractive outcomes of glaucomatous patients undergoing phacoemulsification with or without KDB goniotomy.展开更多
Crohn’s disease might result from a complex interplay between genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, and altered gut microbiota, leading to dysregulated innate and adaptive immune responses. The reported case...Crohn’s disease might result from a complex interplay between genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, and altered gut microbiota, leading to dysregulated innate and adaptive immune responses. The reported case presents a patient with intestinal subocclusion associated with a pharmacobezoar who had a good evolution with clinical treatment. This case report aims to demonstrate the complexity of diagnostic search, even with the classic version of the disease. And it also comes to show the need for a thorough medical history and differential diagnosis investigation.展开更多
Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN) is rare, and patients are often asymptomatic or have nonspecific symptoms. Appendicectomy should be performed with care and limited handling of the appendix, with extract...Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN) is rare, and patients are often asymptomatic or have nonspecific symptoms. Appendicectomy should be performed with care and limited handling of the appendix, with extraction of the specimen through an extraction bag to prevent perforation and spillage of mucin, which can result in the development of pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP). This case report aims to shed light on the approach to appendicular mucocele in contemporary medicine. The reported case shows a presentation of mucocele in a young female patient with symptoms compatible with appendicitis. This case report serves as an example of how to diagnose, manage, and follow-up on appendicular mucocele treatment for colleagues who may encounter similar conditions.展开更多
Wheat germplasm is a fundamental resource for basic research,applied studies,and wheat breeding,which can be enriched normally by several paths,such as collecting natural lines,accumulating breeding lines,and introduc...Wheat germplasm is a fundamental resource for basic research,applied studies,and wheat breeding,which can be enriched normally by several paths,such as collecting natural lines,accumulating breeding lines,and introducing mutagenesis materials.Ethyl methane sulfonate(EMS)is an alkylating agent that can effectively introduce genetic variations in a wide variety of plant species.In this study,we created a million-scale EMS population(MEP)that started with the Chinese wheat cultivars‘Luyan 128’,‘Jimai 38’,‘Jimai 44’,and‘Shannong 30’.In the M1 generation,the MEP had numerous phenotypical variations,such as>3,000 chlorophyll-deficient mutants,2,519 compact spikes,and 1,692 male sterile spikes.There were also rare mutations,including 30 independent tillers each with double heads.Some M1 variations of chlorophyll-deficiency and compact spikes were inheritable,appearing in the M2 or M3 generations.To advance the entire MEP to higher generations,we adopted a single-seed descendent(SSD)approach.All other seed composites of M2 were used to screen other agronomically important traits,such as the tolerance to herbicide quizalofop-P-methyl.The MEP is available for collaborative projects,and provides a valuable toolbox for wheat genetics and breeding for sustainable agriculture.展开更多
A study released recently projects the sustainable aviation fuel(SAF)market will reach a value of nearly S10 billion by 2029,with a compound annual growth rate(CAGR)of 60.8 percent.The report by Exactitude Consultancy...A study released recently projects the sustainable aviation fuel(SAF)market will reach a value of nearly S10 billion by 2029,with a compound annual growth rate(CAGR)of 60.8 percent.The report by Exactitude Consultancy said the SAF market was worth$85 million last year.SAF is widely considered one of the crucial legs in aviation's decarbonization plans.While it is currently approved for use only up to a 50 percent blend with conventional jet-A,neat SAF can provide lifecycle carbon emission savings of approximately 80 percent,as well as offer even higher reductions of harmful particulates and sulfur.展开更多
Regulatory T cells(Tregs)play a pivotal role in immune-tolerance,and loss of Treg function can lead to the development of autoimmunity.Natural Tregs generated in the thymus substantially contribute to the Treg pool in...Regulatory T cells(Tregs)play a pivotal role in immune-tolerance,and loss of Treg function can lead to the development of autoimmunity.Natural Tregs generated in the thymus substantially contribute to the Treg pool in the periphery,where they suppress self-reactive effector T cells(Teff)responses.Recently,we showed that OX40L(TNFSF4)is able to drive selective proliferation of peripheral Tregs independent of canonical antigen presentation(CAP-independent)in the presence of low-dose IL-2.Therefore,we hypothesized that OX40 signaling might be integral to the TCR-independent phase of murine and human thymic Treg(tTreg)development.Development of tTregs is a two-step process:Strong T-cell receptor(TCR)signals in combination with co-signals from the TNFRSF members facilitate tTreg precursor selection,followed by a TCR-independent phase of tTreg development in which their maturation is driven by IL-2.Therefore,we investigated whether OX40 signaling could also play a critical role in the TCR-independent phase of tTreg development.OX40−/−mice had significantly reduced numbers of CD25−Foxp3low tTreg precursors and CD25+Foxp3+mature tTregs,while OX40L treatment of WT mice induced significant proliferation of these cell subsets.Relative to tTeff cells,OX40 was expressed at higher levels in both murine and human tTreg precursors and mature tTregs.In ex vivo cultures,OX40L increased tTreg maturation and induced CAP-independent proliferation of both murine and human tTregs,which was mediated through the activation of AKT-mTOR signaling.These novel findings show an evolutionarily conserved role for OX40 signaling in tTreg development and proliferation,and might enable the development of novel strategies to increase Tregs and suppress autoimmunity.展开更多
Background Molecular analysis of neovascularization related genes by time course in response to ischemia has not been described in the context of aging. We aimed to provide a progressively deeper understanding of how ...Background Molecular analysis of neovascularization related genes by time course in response to ischemia has not been described in the context of aging. We aimed to provide a progressively deeper understanding of how aging compromises neovascularization,展开更多
We describe the prevalence and treatment of glaucoma in a Muslim Arab population in Israel. Based on the medical records of 15 122 persons, the overall prevalence of glaucoma was 3.9%. Prevalence rates of primary open...We describe the prevalence and treatment of glaucoma in a Muslim Arab population in Israel. Based on the medical records of 15 122 persons, the overall prevalence of glaucoma was 3.9%. Prevalence rates of primary open angle glaucoma（POAG） and primary angle-closure glaucoma（PACG） were 3.0% and 0.42%, respectively. Prevalence rates of women were 135% that of men considering all types of glaucoma, 143% for POAG, and 96% for PACG. Prostaglandin analogs and beta blockers, alone or combined with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, were the preferred medications. Of 68 patients who underwent trabeculectomy, 27（39.7%） required medications, postoperatively, for treatment of glaucoma; following Ex-Press shunt surgery, 3/11（27.3%） required medications. During the last three years, 16（1.3%） individuals with POAG were recorded as legally blind as a result of glaucoma.展开更多
文摘一
本书是Epstein教授研究和指导家校合作工作的代表作和集大成之作."家校合作"是国内的提法,在国外(以及在本书中)对应的概念是"学校、家庭(和社区)合作伙伴关系"(School,Family,and Community Partnerships).
这是一本写给美国教师、家长、校长和各级教育行政领导阅读的关于家校合作的经典工具书.无疑,从书名就可以看出,这是一本指导学校如何开展家校合作活动的行动指南,是按照家校合作的行动者的实践逻辑展开的,提供了详尽的、一步一步的家校合作行动策略.书中详细描述了美国、加拿大家校合作的实践框架、组织架构、制订计划与实施,对活动组织参与者的专业培训,分幼、小、初、高各学段和学校、学区和州各个行政层次的行动和责任特点,教师必须具备的有关专业知识、能力和工作内容,如何评估和选择有效的家校合作活动等等,具有很强的、系统的实践指导性.
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) commonly occurs in hepatitis B endemic areas, especially in Asian countries. HCC is highly refractory to cytotoxic chemotherapy. This resistance is partly related to its tumor biology, pharmacokinetic properties, and both intrinsic and acquired drug resistance. There is no convincing evidence thus far that systemic chemotherapy improves overall survival in advanced HCC patients. Other systemic approaches, such as hormonal therapy and immunotherapy, have also disappointing results. Recently, encouraging results have been shown in using sorafenib in the treatment of advanced HCC patients. In this review, we concisely summarize the evolution of developments in the systemic therapy of advanced HCC.
文摘The active layer is the top layer of permafrost soils that thaws during the summer season due to increased ambient temperatures and solar radiation inputs. This layer is important because almost all biological activity takes place there during the summer. The depth of active layer thaw is influenced by climatic conditions. Vegetation has also been found to have a strong impact on active layer thaw, because it can intercept incoming radiation, thereby insulating the soil from ambient conditions. In order to look at the role of vegetation and climate on active layer thaw, we measured thaw depth and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI; a proxy for aboveground plant biomass) along a latitudinal temperature gradient in arctic Alaska and Canada. At each site several measurements of thaw and NDVIwere taken in areas with high amounts of vegetation and areas with little to no vegetation. Results show that the warmest regions, which had the greatest levels of NDVI, had relatively shallow thaw depths, and the coldest regions, which had the lowest levels of NDVI, also had relatively shallow thaw depths. The intermediate regions, which had moderate levels of NDVIand air temperature, had the greatest depth of thaw. These results indicate that temperature and vegetation interact to control the depth of the active layer across a range of arctic ecosystems. By developing a relationship to explain thaw depth through NDVIand temperature or latitude, the possibility exists to extrapolate thaw depth over large scales via remote sensing applications.
基金The authors acknowledge the support from Office of Naval Research(ONR)and from National Science Foundation under award No.1550423This research used computational facilities from the University of Maryland supercomputing resources,the Maryland Advanced Research Computing Center(MARCC),and the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment(XSEDE)supported by National Science Foundation Award No.DMR150038.
文摘Ab initio molecular dynamics(AIMD)simulation is widely employed in studying diffusion mechanisms and in quantifying diffusional properties of materials.However,AIMD simulations are often limited to a few hundred atoms and a short,sub-nanosecond physical timescale,which leads to models that include only a limited number of diffusion events.As a result,the diffusional properties obtained from AIMD simulations are often plagued by poor statistics.In this paper,we re-examine the process to estimate diffusivity and ionic conductivity from the AIMD simulations and establish the procedure to minimize the fitting errors.In addition,we propose methods for quantifying the statistical variance of the diffusivity and ionic conductivity from the number of diffusion events observed during the AIMD simulation.Since an adequate number of diffusion events must be sampled,AIMD simulations should be sufficiently long and can only be performed on materials with reasonably fast diffusion.We chart the ranges of materials and physical conditions that can be accessible by AIMD simulations in studying diffusional properties.Our work provides the foundation for quantifying the statistical confidence levels of diffusion results from AIMD simulations and for correctly employing this powerful technique.
基金Support was received from a challenge grant to the Department of Ophthalmology from Research to Prevent Blindness,Inc.
文摘Background:Glaucoma patients undergoing phacoemulsification alone have a higher rate of refractive surprise compared to patients without glaucoma.This risk is further increased with combined filtering procedures.Indeed,there are few and conflicting reports on the effect of combined phacoemulsification and micro-invasive glaucoma surgery(MIGS).Here,we look at refractive outcomes of glaucoma patients undergoing phacoemulsification with and without Kahook Dual Blade(KDB)goniotomy.Methods:Retrospective chart review of 385 glaucomatous eyes of 281 patients,which underwent either phacoemulsification alone(n=309)or phacoemulsification with KDB goniotomy(n=76,phaco-KDB)at the University of Colorado.The main outcome was refractive surprise defined as the difference in target and postoperative refraction spherical equivalent greater than±0.5 Diopter(D).Results:Refractive surprise greater than±0.5 D occurred in 26.3%of eyes in the phaco-KDB group and 36.2%in the phacoemulsification group(p=0.11).Refractive surprise greater than±1.0 D occurred in 6.6%for the phacoKDB group and 9.7%for the phacoemulsification group(p=0.08).There was no significant difference in risk of refractive surprise when pre-operative IOP,axial length,keratometry or performance of KDB goniotomy were assessed in univariate analyses.Conclusion:There was no difference between refractive outcomes of glaucomatous patients undergoing phacoemulsification with or without KDB goniotomy.
文摘Crohn’s disease might result from a complex interplay between genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, and altered gut microbiota, leading to dysregulated innate and adaptive immune responses. The reported case presents a patient with intestinal subocclusion associated with a pharmacobezoar who had a good evolution with clinical treatment. This case report aims to demonstrate the complexity of diagnostic search, even with the classic version of the disease. And it also comes to show the need for a thorough medical history and differential diagnosis investigation.
文摘Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN) is rare, and patients are often asymptomatic or have nonspecific symptoms. Appendicectomy should be performed with care and limited handling of the appendix, with extraction of the specimen through an extraction bag to prevent perforation and spillage of mucin, which can result in the development of pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP). This case report aims to shed light on the approach to appendicular mucocele in contemporary medicine. The reported case shows a presentation of mucocele in a young female patient with symptoms compatible with appendicitis. This case report serves as an example of how to diagnose, manage, and follow-up on appendicular mucocele treatment for colleagues who may encounter similar conditions.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1002300)the Quancheng‘5150’Talent Program,China(07962021047)the Agriculture Applied Technology Initiative of Jinan Government,China(CX202113).
文摘Wheat germplasm is a fundamental resource for basic research,applied studies,and wheat breeding,which can be enriched normally by several paths,such as collecting natural lines,accumulating breeding lines,and introducing mutagenesis materials.Ethyl methane sulfonate(EMS)is an alkylating agent that can effectively introduce genetic variations in a wide variety of plant species.In this study,we created a million-scale EMS population(MEP)that started with the Chinese wheat cultivars‘Luyan 128’,‘Jimai 38’,‘Jimai 44’,and‘Shannong 30’.In the M1 generation,the MEP had numerous phenotypical variations,such as>3,000 chlorophyll-deficient mutants,2,519 compact spikes,and 1,692 male sterile spikes.There were also rare mutations,including 30 independent tillers each with double heads.Some M1 variations of chlorophyll-deficiency and compact spikes were inheritable,appearing in the M2 or M3 generations.To advance the entire MEP to higher generations,we adopted a single-seed descendent(SSD)approach.All other seed composites of M2 were used to screen other agronomically important traits,such as the tolerance to herbicide quizalofop-P-methyl.The MEP is available for collaborative projects,and provides a valuable toolbox for wheat genetics and breeding for sustainable agriculture.
文摘A study released recently projects the sustainable aviation fuel(SAF)market will reach a value of nearly S10 billion by 2029,with a compound annual growth rate(CAGR)of 60.8 percent.The report by Exactitude Consultancy said the SAF market was worth$85 million last year.SAF is widely considered one of the crucial legs in aviation's decarbonization plans.While it is currently approved for use only up to a 50 percent blend with conventional jet-A,neat SAF can provide lifecycle carbon emission savings of approximately 80 percent,as well as offer even higher reductions of harmful particulates and sulfur.
基金We thank the National Institutes of Health for grants #R01 AI107516-01Al and #1R41AI125039-01We thank the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation(JDRF)for grant #2-SRA-2016-245-S-B to Dr.PrabhakarWe thank the American Heart Association for offering apost-doctoral fellowship #15POST25090228 to PK.
文摘Regulatory T cells(Tregs)play a pivotal role in immune-tolerance,and loss of Treg function can lead to the development of autoimmunity.Natural Tregs generated in the thymus substantially contribute to the Treg pool in the periphery,where they suppress self-reactive effector T cells(Teff)responses.Recently,we showed that OX40L(TNFSF4)is able to drive selective proliferation of peripheral Tregs independent of canonical antigen presentation(CAP-independent)in the presence of low-dose IL-2.Therefore,we hypothesized that OX40 signaling might be integral to the TCR-independent phase of murine and human thymic Treg(tTreg)development.Development of tTregs is a two-step process:Strong T-cell receptor(TCR)signals in combination with co-signals from the TNFRSF members facilitate tTreg precursor selection,followed by a TCR-independent phase of tTreg development in which their maturation is driven by IL-2.Therefore,we investigated whether OX40 signaling could also play a critical role in the TCR-independent phase of tTreg development.OX40−/−mice had significantly reduced numbers of CD25−Foxp3low tTreg precursors and CD25+Foxp3+mature tTregs,while OX40L treatment of WT mice induced significant proliferation of these cell subsets.Relative to tTeff cells,OX40 was expressed at higher levels in both murine and human tTreg precursors and mature tTregs.In ex vivo cultures,OX40L increased tTreg maturation and induced CAP-independent proliferation of both murine and human tTregs,which was mediated through the activation of AKT-mTOR signaling.These novel findings show an evolutionarily conserved role for OX40 signaling in tTreg development and proliferation,and might enable the development of novel strategies to increase Tregs and suppress autoimmunity.
文摘Background Molecular analysis of neovascularization related genes by time course in response to ischemia has not been described in the context of aging. We aimed to provide a progressively deeper understanding of how aging compromises neovascularization,
文摘We describe the prevalence and treatment of glaucoma in a Muslim Arab population in Israel. Based on the medical records of 15 122 persons, the overall prevalence of glaucoma was 3.9%. Prevalence rates of primary open angle glaucoma（POAG） and primary angle-closure glaucoma（PACG） were 3.0% and 0.42%, respectively. Prevalence rates of women were 135% that of men considering all types of glaucoma, 143% for POAG, and 96% for PACG. Prostaglandin analogs and beta blockers, alone or combined with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, were the preferred medications. Of 68 patients who underwent trabeculectomy, 27（39.7%） required medications, postoperatively, for treatment of glaucoma; following Ex-Press shunt surgery, 3/11（27.3%） required medications. During the last three years, 16（1.3%） individuals with POAG were recorded as legally blind as a result of glaucoma.
