Introduction: Mycoplasmas are bacteria commonly found in the commensal flora of humans and can occasionally be pathogenic. The population and the geographical area determine their susceptibility to various antibiotics...Introduction: Mycoplasmas are bacteria commonly found in the commensal flora of humans and can occasionally be pathogenic. The population and the geographical area determine their susceptibility to various antibiotics. Methodology: We carried out a cross-sectional study from January to June 2022 at the Douala General Hospital. All women who were sexually active and willing to participate were included. Endo-cervical swabbing was used to collect the samples. Culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed in a liquid medium using Mycoplasma-SystemPlus Gallery (Liofilchem). All samples that degraded urea (threshold > 10<sup>3</sup> for Ureaplasma urealyticum) and arginine (threshold > 10<sup>4</sup> for Mycoplasma hominis) were deemed positive. Results: A total of 107 women with a median age of 33 ± 8.3 years and a predominance of 30-40 years (41.1%) were included. The frequency of mycoplasma infection was 73.8% with 34.1%, 11.4% and 54.4% for Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis and co-infection respectively. Resistance rates to Minocycline were low, 1.3% for Ureaplasma urealyticum and 3.7% for co-infection;for Pefloxacin the resistance rates were 3.7% (Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis) and 22.8% (co-infection). Ureaplasma urealyticum had a resistance rate of 3.7% for Erythromycin, 1.3% for Clarithromycin and 5% for Azithromycin. There was no significant correlation between risk factors and infection. Vaginal cleansing and the development of resistance in mycoplasma infection were found to be significantly correlated (OR = 6.915 [1.52 - 31.55];(p = 0.013)). Conclusion: Minocycline was the most active antibiotic and Ureaplasma urealyticum was the species with the lowest rate of resistance. Antibiotic resistance was more common in co-infected people than mono-infected. Antibiotic resistance was independently correlated with vaginal douching.展开更多
Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important agents involved in community and hospital-acquired infections. Due to the multi-drug resistance of strains to antibiotics, treatment to eradicate it is ...Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important agents involved in community and hospital-acquired infections. Due to the multi-drug resistance of strains to antibiotics, treatment to eradicate it is becoming more difficult and poses a global public health problem. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from March to August 2020 in hospitals in the city of Douala, including all S. aureus isolates from diagnostic samples. Strain identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using the Vitek2 Compact<sup>TM</sup> (BioMerieux). Results: During the study period, 136 non-repetitive S. aureus strains were identified with a high frequency of methicillin-resistant S. aureus of 78.7%. The majority of the strains originated from the Douala General Hospital (66.9%) and was most frequently isolated from blood culture samples (55.1%). The study of biochemical characteristics showed that most of the strains identified had between 87% and 99% homology with the reference strain. The most active antibiotics were Quinupristin/Dalfopristin (94.2%), Linezolid (87.8%) and Vancomycin (84.2%). Methicillin resistance was associated with decreased susceptibility of S. aureus to other antibiotics such as Gentamycin (44.9%), Erythromycin (38.2%), Tetracycline (38.3%), Trimethoprim (21.4%), Ciprofloxacin (19.1%) and Levofloxacin (24.0%). Inducible MLSb and constitutive resistance phenotypes were identified with 26.7% and 22.8% respectively. Conclusion: The sensitivity of S. aureus strains differs from one antibiotic family to another, and remains good for molecules that are not available in our context. The high frequency of Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus shows the continuous progression of multi-resistant strains of S. aureus and their decreased sensitivity to usual antibiotics becomes more and more alarming.展开更多
<b>Background:</b> The increasing resistance of bacteria to various antibiotics is a worldwide public health issue. Carbapenems that have elicited great hope in treating infections caused by multidrug-resi...<b>Background:</b> The increasing resistance of bacteria to various antibiotics is a worldwide public health issue. Carbapenems that have elicited great hope in treating infections caused by multidrug-resistant germs have seen their efficacy narrowed over time with the emergence of other novel resistance mechanisms, notably the production of Carbapenemases. <b>Methods:</b> A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2017 to May 2018 in Douala (Cameroon) to detect carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacilli. Isolated strains were identified using the Vitek2<sup>TM</sup> system. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method on agar plates with 20 selected commercially available antibiotic discs. The bacterial strains were tested for the production of three Carbapenemases (OXA-48, NDM, KPC), using an immuno-chromatographic technique, with the “RESIST-3 O.K.N. K-SeT” rapid detection kit. <b>Results:</b> During the study period, 1687 strains of Gram-negative bacilli were isolated in selected laboratories with a total of 200 multi-resistant strains identified (11.9%). Among the multi-resistant strains, <i>E. coli</i> was the species most represented in <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> (27.5%) followed by <i>K. pneumoniae</i> (15.5%) and the non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli were predominantly <i>P. aeruginosa</i> (20.5%). These strains mainly came from urine and pus, <i>i.e.</i> 41% and 32% respectively. Thirty-two (16%) strains produced one of the Carbapenemases with a higher frequency at the General Hospital (84%). NDM-type carbapenemase was the most frequently identified (8.5%), OXA-48 type 7.5%, and no KPC production was observed. Among the <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> 22.9% produced Carbapenemases and only 5.1% of the non-fermenting bacilli produced these enzymes. The isolates strains were completely resistant to all antibiotics except Amikacin and Fosfomycin. The strains producing the NDM-type carbapenemase showed higher rates of resistance to almost 展开更多
文摘Introduction: Mycoplasmas are bacteria commonly found in the commensal flora of humans and can occasionally be pathogenic. The population and the geographical area determine their susceptibility to various antibiotics. Methodology: We carried out a cross-sectional study from January to June 2022 at the Douala General Hospital. All women who were sexually active and willing to participate were included. Endo-cervical swabbing was used to collect the samples. Culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed in a liquid medium using Mycoplasma-SystemPlus Gallery (Liofilchem). All samples that degraded urea (threshold > 10<sup>3</sup> for Ureaplasma urealyticum) and arginine (threshold > 10<sup>4</sup> for Mycoplasma hominis) were deemed positive. Results: A total of 107 women with a median age of 33 ± 8.3 years and a predominance of 30-40 years (41.1%) were included. The frequency of mycoplasma infection was 73.8% with 34.1%, 11.4% and 54.4% for Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis and co-infection respectively. Resistance rates to Minocycline were low, 1.3% for Ureaplasma urealyticum and 3.7% for co-infection;for Pefloxacin the resistance rates were 3.7% (Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis) and 22.8% (co-infection). Ureaplasma urealyticum had a resistance rate of 3.7% for Erythromycin, 1.3% for Clarithromycin and 5% for Azithromycin. There was no significant correlation between risk factors and infection. Vaginal cleansing and the development of resistance in mycoplasma infection were found to be significantly correlated (OR = 6.915 [1.52 - 31.55];(p = 0.013)). Conclusion: Minocycline was the most active antibiotic and Ureaplasma urealyticum was the species with the lowest rate of resistance. Antibiotic resistance was more common in co-infected people than mono-infected. Antibiotic resistance was independently correlated with vaginal douching.
文摘Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important agents involved in community and hospital-acquired infections. Due to the multi-drug resistance of strains to antibiotics, treatment to eradicate it is becoming more difficult and poses a global public health problem. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from March to August 2020 in hospitals in the city of Douala, including all S. aureus isolates from diagnostic samples. Strain identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using the Vitek2 Compact<sup>TM</sup> (BioMerieux). Results: During the study period, 136 non-repetitive S. aureus strains were identified with a high frequency of methicillin-resistant S. aureus of 78.7%. The majority of the strains originated from the Douala General Hospital (66.9%) and was most frequently isolated from blood culture samples (55.1%). The study of biochemical characteristics showed that most of the strains identified had between 87% and 99% homology with the reference strain. The most active antibiotics were Quinupristin/Dalfopristin (94.2%), Linezolid (87.8%) and Vancomycin (84.2%). Methicillin resistance was associated with decreased susceptibility of S. aureus to other antibiotics such as Gentamycin (44.9%), Erythromycin (38.2%), Tetracycline (38.3%), Trimethoprim (21.4%), Ciprofloxacin (19.1%) and Levofloxacin (24.0%). Inducible MLSb and constitutive resistance phenotypes were identified with 26.7% and 22.8% respectively. Conclusion: The sensitivity of S. aureus strains differs from one antibiotic family to another, and remains good for molecules that are not available in our context. The high frequency of Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus shows the continuous progression of multi-resistant strains of S. aureus and their decreased sensitivity to usual antibiotics becomes more and more alarming.
文摘<b>Background:</b> The increasing resistance of bacteria to various antibiotics is a worldwide public health issue. Carbapenems that have elicited great hope in treating infections caused by multidrug-resistant germs have seen their efficacy narrowed over time with the emergence of other novel resistance mechanisms, notably the production of Carbapenemases. <b>Methods:</b> A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2017 to May 2018 in Douala (Cameroon) to detect carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacilli. Isolated strains were identified using the Vitek2<sup>TM</sup> system. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method on agar plates with 20 selected commercially available antibiotic discs. The bacterial strains were tested for the production of three Carbapenemases (OXA-48, NDM, KPC), using an immuno-chromatographic technique, with the “RESIST-3 O.K.N. K-SeT” rapid detection kit. <b>Results:</b> During the study period, 1687 strains of Gram-negative bacilli were isolated in selected laboratories with a total of 200 multi-resistant strains identified (11.9%). Among the multi-resistant strains, <i>E. coli</i> was the species most represented in <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> (27.5%) followed by <i>K. pneumoniae</i> (15.5%) and the non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli were predominantly <i>P. aeruginosa</i> (20.5%). These strains mainly came from urine and pus, <i>i.e.</i> 41% and 32% respectively. Thirty-two (16%) strains produced one of the Carbapenemases with a higher frequency at the General Hospital (84%). NDM-type carbapenemase was the most frequently identified (8.5%), OXA-48 type 7.5%, and no KPC production was observed. Among the <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> 22.9% produced Carbapenemases and only 5.1% of the non-fermenting bacilli produced these enzymes. The isolates strains were completely resistant to all antibiotics except Amikacin and Fosfomycin. The strains producing the NDM-type carbapenemase showed higher rates of resistance to almost
