Accurate determination of the atmospheric particulate matter mass concentration and chemical composition is helpful in exploring the causes and sources of atmospheric enthalpy pollution and in evaluating the rationali...Accurate determination of the atmospheric particulate matter mass concentration and chemical composition is helpful in exploring the causes and sources of atmospheric enthalpy pollution and in evaluating the rationality of environmental air quality control strategies.Based on the sampling and chemical composition data of PM2.5 in different key regions of China in the CARE-China observation network,this research analyzes the environmental air quality data released by the China National Environmental Monitoring Centre during the studied period to determine the changes in the particulate matter mass concentration in key regions and the evolution of the corresponding chemical compositions during the implementation of the Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Air Pollution from 2013-2017.The results show the following.(1)The particulate matter mass concentration in China showed a significant downward trend;however,the PM2.5 annual mass concentration in 64%of cities exceeds the New Chinese Ambient Air Quality Standard(CAAQS)GradeⅡ(GB3095-2012).The region to the east of the Taihang Mountains,the Fenhe and Weihe River Plain and the Urumqi-Changji regions in Xinjiang,all have PM2.5 concentration loading that is still high,and heavy haze pollution occurred frequently in the autumn and winter.(2)During the heavy pollution in the autumn and winter,the concentrations of sulfate and organic components decreased significantly.The mean SO42-concentration in PM2.5 decreased by 76%,12%,81%and 38%in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH),the Pearl River Delta(PRD),the Sichuan-Chongqing region(SC)and the Fenhe and Weihe River Plain,respectively.The mean organic matter(OM)concentration decreased by 70%,44%,48%and 31%,respectively,and the mean concentration of NH4+decreased by 68%,1.6%,38%and 25%,respectively.The mean elemental carbon(EC)concentration decreased by 84%and 20%in BTH and SC,respectively,and it increased by 61%and 11%in the PRD and Fenhe and Weihe River Plain,respectively.The mean concentration of mineral and unresolved chemica展开更多
In higher plants, the splicing of organelle-encoded mRNA involves a complex collaboration with nuclear- encoded proteins. Pentatricopeptide repeat （PPR） proteins have been implicated in these RNA-protein interaction...In higher plants, the splicing of organelle-encoded mRNA involves a complex collaboration with nuclear- encoded proteins. Pentatricopeptide repeat （PPR） proteins have been implicated in these RNA-protein interactions. In this study, we performed the cloning and functional characterization of maize Defective kernel 35 （Dek35）. The dek35-ref mutant is a lethal-seed mutant with developmental deficiency. Dek35 was cloned through Mutator tag isolation and further confirmed by four additional independent mutant alleles. Dek35 encodes an P-type PPR protein that targets the mitochondria. The dek35 mutation causes significant reduction in the accumulation of DEK35 proteins and reduced splicing efficiency of mitochon- drial nad4 intron 1. Analysis of mitochondrial complex in dek35 immature seeds indicated severe deficiency in the complex I assembly and NADH dehydrogenase activity. Transcriptome analysis of dek35 endosperm revealed enhanced expression of genes involved in the alternative respiratory pathway and extensive differentially expressed genes related to mitochondrial function and activity. Collectively, these results indicate that Dek35 encodes an PPR protein that affects the cis-splicing of mitochondrial nad4 intron 1 and is required for mitochondrial function and seed development.展开更多
目的比较经脐单一切口腹腔镜和传统三孔腹腔镜睾丸固定术治疗小儿隐睾的临床疗效。方法选取2016年7月至2017年12月首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院收治的小儿隐睾患儿240例,随机分为单一切口腹腔镜组(单一切口组)及传统三孔腹腔镜组(传统三...目的比较经脐单一切口腹腔镜和传统三孔腹腔镜睾丸固定术治疗小儿隐睾的临床疗效。方法选取2016年7月至2017年12月首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院收治的小儿隐睾患儿240例,随机分为单一切口腹腔镜组(单一切口组)及传统三孔腹腔镜组(传统三孔组),每组120例。单一切口组于脐上缘到脐下缘做纵切口长1.5～2.0 cm,直视下插入1个5 mm Trocar并固定,在切口的下极、左右两侧分别置入2个5 mm Trocar作为操作孔,游离精索输精管并于阴囊固定睾丸;传统三孔组分别取脐部、脐两侧锁骨中线处切口,置入5 mm Trocar进行手术。比较两组患儿手术时间、术中估计失血量、术后住院时间、术中术后并发症等指标,术后1个月进行瘢痕评分。结果全部患儿均成功完成手术。单一切口组瘢痕评分(4.6±0.8)高于传统三孔组(3.8±1.0),差异有统计学意义(P=0.014),但在手术时间[(41.4±5.7)minvs.(38.7±5.4)min,P=0.131]、术后住院时间[(1.1±0.3)d vs.(1.2±0.5)d,P=0.302]、术中失血量[(4.3±1.1)ml vs.(4.0±0.9)ml,P=0.797]及术中、术后并发症等方面差异均无统计学意义。术后随访5～18个月,平均11个月,均无切口感染,无睾丸萎缩或回缩,无腹股沟斜疝或脐疝发生。结论经脐单一切口腹腔镜手术治疗小儿隐睾安全、有效,且术后腹壁瘢痕隐蔽,更美观,值得临床推广。展开更多
A novel class of ZnCo2O4-urchins-on-carbon-fibers matrix has been designed, characterized, and used to fabricate high-performance energy storage devices. We obtained a reversible lithium storage capacity of 1180 mA＇h...A novel class of ZnCo2O4-urchins-on-carbon-fibers matrix has been designed, characterized, and used to fabricate high-performance energy storage devices. We obtained a reversible lithium storage capacity of 1180 mA＇h/g even after 100 cycles, demonstrating the highreversible capacity and excellent cycle life of the as-prepared samples. Tested as fast-charging batteries, these electrodes exhibited a considerable capacity of 750 mA＇h/g at an exceptionally high rate of 20 C （18 A/g）, with an excellent cycle life （as long as 100 cycles）, which are the best high-rate results reported at such a high charge^discharge current density for ZnCo2O4-based anode materials in lithium rechargeable batteries. Such attractive properties may be attributed to the unique structure of the binder-free ZnCo2O4-urchins-on-carbon-fibers matrix. Full batteries were also developed by combining the ZnCo2O4 anodes with commercial LiCoO2 cathodes, which showed flexible/wearable and stable features for use as very promising future energy storage units.展开更多
The combination of spatial transcriptomics(ST)and single cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)acts as a pivotal component to bridge the pathological phenomes of human tissues with molecular alterations,defining in situ inter...The combination of spatial transcriptomics(ST)and single cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)acts as a pivotal component to bridge the pathological phenomes of human tissues with molecular alterations,defining in situ intercellular molecular communications and knowledge on spatiotemporal molecular medicine.The present article overviews the development of ST and aims to evaluate clinical and translational values for understanding molecular pathogenesis and uncovering disease-specific biomarkers.展开更多
With the profound changes in the international security situation,the progression of globalization,and the continuous advancement of biotechnology,the risks and challenges posed by major infectious diseases and bioter...With the profound changes in the international security situation,the progression of globalization,and the continuous advancement of biotechnology,the risks and challenges posed by major infectious diseases and bioterrorism to the international community are also increasing.Biosafety,therefore,presents new opportunities for international cooperation and global governance.The world has become more integrated and now shares a common destiny in terms of biosafety.In the face of the current risks and challenges,the international community must work together to avert threats,advance mutual interests,and safeguard global biosecurity.In the context of the current situation regarding biosafety and biosecurity,we conducted the present analysis,and present here some appropriate countermeasures.展开更多
CDC42 controls intestinal epithelial(IEC)stem cell(IESC)division.How aberrant CDC42 initiates intestinal inflammation or neoplasia is unclear.We utilized models of inflam-matory bowel diseases(IBD),colorectal cancer,a...CDC42 controls intestinal epithelial(IEC)stem cell(IESC)division.How aberrant CDC42 initiates intestinal inflammation or neoplasia is unclear.We utilized models of inflam-matory bowel diseases(IBD),colorectal cancer,aging,and IESC injury to determine the loss of intestinal Cdc42 upon inflammation and neoplasia.Intestinal specimens were collected to determine the levels of CDC42 in IBD or colorectal cancer.Cdc42 floxed mice were crossed with Villin-Cre,Villin-CreERT2 and/or Lgr5-eGFP-IRES-CreERT2,or Bmi1-CreERT2 mice to generate Cdc42 deficient mice.Irradiation,colitis,aging,and intestinal organoid were used to evaluate CDC42 upon mucosal inflammation,IESC/progenitor regenerative capacity,and IEC repair.Our studies revealed that increased CDC42 in colorectal cancer correlated with lower survival;in contrast,lower levels of CDC42 were found in the inflamed IBD colon.Colonic Cdc42 depletion significantly reduced Lgr5+IEsCs,increased progenitors'hyperplasia,and induced mucosal inflammation,which led to crypt dysplasia.Colonic Cdc42 depletion markedly enhanced irra-diation-or chemical-induced colitis.Depletion or inhibition of Cdc42 reduced colonic Lgr5+IESC regeneration.In conclusion,depletion of Cdc42 reduces the IESC regeneration and IEC repair,leading to prolonged mucosal inflammation.Constitutive monogenic loss of Cdc42 in-duces mucosal inflammation,which could result in intestinal neoplasia in the context of aging.展开更多
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology National Key Research and Development Program (Grant No. 2017YFC0210000)the Fundamental Heavy Pollution Cause and Governance Research Project (Grant No. DQGG0101)the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission Capital Blue Sky Action and Cultivation Project (Grant No. Z181100005418014)
文摘Accurate determination of the atmospheric particulate matter mass concentration and chemical composition is helpful in exploring the causes and sources of atmospheric enthalpy pollution and in evaluating the rationality of environmental air quality control strategies.Based on the sampling and chemical composition data of PM2.5 in different key regions of China in the CARE-China observation network,this research analyzes the environmental air quality data released by the China National Environmental Monitoring Centre during the studied period to determine the changes in the particulate matter mass concentration in key regions and the evolution of the corresponding chemical compositions during the implementation of the Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Air Pollution from 2013-2017.The results show the following.(1)The particulate matter mass concentration in China showed a significant downward trend;however,the PM2.5 annual mass concentration in 64%of cities exceeds the New Chinese Ambient Air Quality Standard(CAAQS)GradeⅡ(GB3095-2012).The region to the east of the Taihang Mountains,the Fenhe and Weihe River Plain and the Urumqi-Changji regions in Xinjiang,all have PM2.5 concentration loading that is still high,and heavy haze pollution occurred frequently in the autumn and winter.(2)During the heavy pollution in the autumn and winter,the concentrations of sulfate and organic components decreased significantly.The mean SO42-concentration in PM2.5 decreased by 76%,12%,81%and 38%in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH),the Pearl River Delta(PRD),the Sichuan-Chongqing region(SC)and the Fenhe and Weihe River Plain,respectively.The mean organic matter(OM)concentration decreased by 70%,44%,48%and 31%,respectively,and the mean concentration of NH4+decreased by 68%,1.6%,38%and 25%,respectively.The mean elemental carbon(EC)concentration decreased by 84%and 20%in BTH and SC,respectively,and it increased by 61%and 11%in the PRD and Fenhe and Weihe River Plain,respectively.The mean concentration of mineral and unresolved chemica
文摘In higher plants, the splicing of organelle-encoded mRNA involves a complex collaboration with nuclear- encoded proteins. Pentatricopeptide repeat （PPR） proteins have been implicated in these RNA-protein interactions. In this study, we performed the cloning and functional characterization of maize Defective kernel 35 （Dek35）. The dek35-ref mutant is a lethal-seed mutant with developmental deficiency. Dek35 was cloned through Mutator tag isolation and further confirmed by four additional independent mutant alleles. Dek35 encodes an P-type PPR protein that targets the mitochondria. The dek35 mutation causes significant reduction in the accumulation of DEK35 proteins and reduced splicing efficiency of mitochon- drial nad4 intron 1. Analysis of mitochondrial complex in dek35 immature seeds indicated severe deficiency in the complex I assembly and NADH dehydrogenase activity. Transcriptome analysis of dek35 endosperm revealed enhanced expression of genes involved in the alternative respiratory pathway and extensive differentially expressed genes related to mitochondrial function and activity. Collectively, these results indicate that Dek35 encodes an PPR protein that affects the cis-splicing of mitochondrial nad4 intron 1 and is required for mitochondrial function and seed development.
文摘目的比较经脐单一切口腹腔镜和传统三孔腹腔镜睾丸固定术治疗小儿隐睾的临床疗效。方法选取2016年7月至2017年12月首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院收治的小儿隐睾患儿240例,随机分为单一切口腹腔镜组(单一切口组)及传统三孔腹腔镜组(传统三孔组),每组120例。单一切口组于脐上缘到脐下缘做纵切口长1.5～2.0 cm,直视下插入1个5 mm Trocar并固定,在切口的下极、左右两侧分别置入2个5 mm Trocar作为操作孔,游离精索输精管并于阴囊固定睾丸;传统三孔组分别取脐部、脐两侧锁骨中线处切口,置入5 mm Trocar进行手术。比较两组患儿手术时间、术中估计失血量、术后住院时间、术中术后并发症等指标,术后1个月进行瘢痕评分。结果全部患儿均成功完成手术。单一切口组瘢痕评分(4.6±0.8)高于传统三孔组(3.8±1.0),差异有统计学意义(P=0.014),但在手术时间[(41.4±5.7)minvs.(38.7±5.4)min,P=0.131]、术后住院时间[(1.1±0.3)d vs.(1.2±0.5)d,P=0.302]、术中失血量[(4.3±1.1)ml vs.(4.0±0.9)ml,P=0.797]及术中、术后并发症等方面差异均无统计学意义。术后随访5～18个月,平均11个月,均无切口感染,无睾丸萎缩或回缩,无腹股沟斜疝或脐疝发生。结论经脐单一切口腹腔镜手术治疗小儿隐睾安全、有效,且术后腹壁瘢痕隐蔽,更美观,值得临床推广。
文摘A novel class of ZnCo2O4-urchins-on-carbon-fibers matrix has been designed, characterized, and used to fabricate high-performance energy storage devices. We obtained a reversible lithium storage capacity of 1180 mA＇h/g even after 100 cycles, demonstrating the highreversible capacity and excellent cycle life of the as-prepared samples. Tested as fast-charging batteries, these electrodes exhibited a considerable capacity of 750 mA＇h/g at an exceptionally high rate of 20 C （18 A/g）, with an excellent cycle life （as long as 100 cycles）, which are the best high-rate results reported at such a high charge^discharge current density for ZnCo2O4-based anode materials in lithium rechargeable batteries. Such attractive properties may be attributed to the unique structure of the binder-free ZnCo2O4-urchins-on-carbon-fibers matrix. Full batteries were also developed by combining the ZnCo2O4 anodes with commercial LiCoO2 cathodes, which showed flexible/wearable and stable features for use as very promising future energy storage units.
基金The work was supported by Operation Funding of Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics and Shanghai Engineering and Technology Center for Artificial Intelligence of Lung and Heart Diseases from Zhongshan Hospital,The National Nature Science Foundation of China(81873409)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)(22021-I2M-1-061).
文摘The combination of spatial transcriptomics(ST)and single cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)acts as a pivotal component to bridge the pathological phenomes of human tissues with molecular alterations,defining in situ intercellular molecular communications and knowledge on spatiotemporal molecular medicine.The present article overviews the development of ST and aims to evaluate clinical and translational values for understanding molecular pathogenesis and uncovering disease-specific biomarkers.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(grant numbers 2017YFC1200303 and 2016YFC1200701)by a China Special Grant for the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases(grant number 2017ZX10303401).
文摘With the profound changes in the international security situation,the progression of globalization,and the continuous advancement of biotechnology,the risks and challenges posed by major infectious diseases and bioterrorism to the international community are also increasing.Biosafety,therefore,presents new opportunities for international cooperation and global governance.The world has become more integrated and now shares a common destiny in terms of biosafety.In the face of the current risks and challenges,the international community must work together to avert threats,advance mutual interests,and safeguard global biosecurity.In the context of the current situation regarding biosafety and biosecurity,we conducted the present analysis,and present here some appropriate countermeasures.
基金supported by NIDDK RO1,USA(No.R01DK123299)(X.H.)MHMC/CWRU start-up(X.H.).R.M.was supported by a private cancer metabolism grant donation from Liechtenstein and the Austrian Science Fund(FWF)(No.SFB F4707 and SFB-F06105).
文摘CDC42 controls intestinal epithelial(IEC)stem cell(IESC)division.How aberrant CDC42 initiates intestinal inflammation or neoplasia is unclear.We utilized models of inflam-matory bowel diseases(IBD),colorectal cancer,aging,and IESC injury to determine the loss of intestinal Cdc42 upon inflammation and neoplasia.Intestinal specimens were collected to determine the levels of CDC42 in IBD or colorectal cancer.Cdc42 floxed mice were crossed with Villin-Cre,Villin-CreERT2 and/or Lgr5-eGFP-IRES-CreERT2,or Bmi1-CreERT2 mice to generate Cdc42 deficient mice.Irradiation,colitis,aging,and intestinal organoid were used to evaluate CDC42 upon mucosal inflammation,IESC/progenitor regenerative capacity,and IEC repair.Our studies revealed that increased CDC42 in colorectal cancer correlated with lower survival;in contrast,lower levels of CDC42 were found in the inflamed IBD colon.Colonic Cdc42 depletion significantly reduced Lgr5+IEsCs,increased progenitors'hyperplasia,and induced mucosal inflammation,which led to crypt dysplasia.Colonic Cdc42 depletion markedly enhanced irra-diation-or chemical-induced colitis.Depletion or inhibition of Cdc42 reduced colonic Lgr5+IESC regeneration.In conclusion,depletion of Cdc42 reduces the IESC regeneration and IEC repair,leading to prolonged mucosal inflammation.Constitutive monogenic loss of Cdc42 in-duces mucosal inflammation,which could result in intestinal neoplasia in the context of aging.
