Clayey silt reservoirs bearing natural gas hydrates(NGH)are considered to be the hydrate-bearing reservoirs that boast the highest reserves but tend to be the most difficult to exploit.They are proved to be exploitabl...Clayey silt reservoirs bearing natural gas hydrates(NGH)are considered to be the hydrate-bearing reservoirs that boast the highest reserves but tend to be the most difficult to exploit.They are proved to be exploitable by the first NGH production test conducted in the South China Sea in 2017.Based on the understanding of the first production test,the China Geological Survey determined the optimal target NGH reservoirs for production test and conducted a detailed assessment,numerical and experimental simulation,and onshore testing of the reservoirs.After that,it conducted the second offshore NGH production test in 1225 m deep Shenhu Area,South China Sea(also referred to as the second production test)from October 2019 to April 2020.During the second production test,a series of technical challenges of drilling horizontal wells in shallow soft strata in deep sea were met,including wellhead stability,directional drilling of a horizontal well,reservoir stimulation and sand control,and accurate depressurization.As a result,30 days of continuous gas production was achieved,with a cumulative gas production of 86.14×104 m3.Thus,the average daily gas production is 2.87×10^4 m^3,which is 5.57 times as much as that obtained in the first production test.Therefore,both the cumulative gas production and the daily gas production were highly improved compared to the first production test.As indicated by the monitoring results of the second production test,there was no anomaly in methane content in the seafloor,seawater,and atmosphere throughout the whole production test.This successful production test further indicates that safe and effective NGH exploitation is feasible in clayey silt NGH reservoirs.The industrialization of hydrates consists of five stages in general,namely theoretical research and simulation experiments,exploratory production test,experimental production test,productive production test,and commercial production.The second production test serves as an important step from the exploratory production test to exper展开更多
The STandards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials Of Moxibustion （STRICTOM）, in the form of a checklist and descriptions of checklist items, were designed to improve reporting of moxibustion trials, and t...The STandards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials Of Moxibustion （STRICTOM）, in the form of a checklist and descriptions of checklist items, were designed to improve reporting of moxibustion trials, and thereby facilitating their interpretation and replication. The STRICTOM checklist included 7 items and 16 sub-items. These set out reporting guidelines for the moxibustion rationale, details of moxibustion, treatment regimen, other components of treatment, treatment provider background, control and comparator interventions, and precaution measures. In addition, there were descriptions of each item and examples of good reporting. It is intended that the STRICTOM can be used in conjunction with the main CONSORT Statement, extensions for nonpharmacologic treatment and pragmatic trials, and thereby raise the quality of reporting of clinical trials of moxibustion. Further comments will be solicited from the experts of the CONSORT Group, the STRICTA Group, acupuncture and moxibustion societies, and clinical trial authors for optimizing the STRICTOM.展开更多
AIM： To evaluate the effects of four types of preoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization （TACE） on angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） ceils. METHODS： A total of 136 patients with HCC under...AIM： To evaluate the effects of four types of preoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization （TACE） on angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） ceils. METHODS： A total of 136 patients with HCC underwent liver resection. One to five courses of TACE prior to liver resection were performed in 79 patients （TACE group）, in which one to four courses of chemotherapy alone were performed in 11 patients （group A）; one to five courses of chemotherapy combined with iodized oil were performed in 33 patients （group B）; one to three courses of chemotherapy combined with iodized oil and gelatin sponge were performed in 23 patients （group C）, one to three courses of chemotherapy combined with iodized oil, ethanol and gelatin sponge were performed in 12 patients （group D）. The other 57 patients only received liver resection （non-TACE group）. The microvessels were marked by CD31. The expression of CD31 and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） protein were detected by immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS： The mean microvessel density （MVD） in HCC cells was significantly higher in groups A, B, C and D than in the nonACE group （P 〈 0.05）. The expression of VEGF protein in HCC cells were significantly higher in groups A, B, C and D than in the non-TACE group （P 〈 0.05）. MVD and the expression of VEGF protein were positively correlated. Mean MVD and the expression of VEGF protein were closely related to the number of courses of TACE and the interval of TACE. CONCLUSION： Four different types of preoperative TACE regimens enhanced angiogenesis in HCC cells by up-regulating the expression of VEGF protein. It is necessary to repress angiogenesis of liver cancer after TACE.展开更多
Psychological stress is an important factor for the development of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS). More and more clinical and experimental evidence showed that IBS is a combination of irritable bowel and irritable brai...Psychological stress is an important factor for the development of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS). More and more clinical and experimental evidence showed that IBS is a combination of irritable bowel and irritable brain. In the present review we discuss the potential role of psychological stress in the pathogenesis of IBS and provide comprehensive approaches in clinical treatment. Evidence from clinical and experimental studies showed that psychological stresses have marked impact on intestinal sensitivity, motility, secretion and permeability, and the underlying mechanism has a close correlation with mucosal immune activation, alterations in central nervous system, peripheral neurons and gastrointestinal microbiota. Stress-induced alterations in neuro-endocrine-immune pathways acts on the gut-brain axis and microbiota-gut-brain axis, and cause symptom flare-ups or exaggeration in IBS. IBS is a stresssensitive disorder, therefore, the treatment of IBS should focus on managing stress and stress-induced responses. Now, non-pharmacological approaches and pharmacological strategies that target on stress-related alterations, such as antidepressants, antipsychotics, miscellaneous agents, 5-HT synthesis inhibitors, selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitors, and specific 5-HT receptor antagonists or agonists have shown a critical role in IBS management. A integrative approach for IBS management is a necessary.展开更多
An increasing number of microRNAs （miRNAs） have been shown to play crucial regulatory roles in the process of plant development. Here, we used high-throughput sequencing combined with computational analysis to chara...An increasing number of microRNAs （miRNAs） have been shown to play crucial regulatory roles in the process of plant development. Here, we used high-throughput sequencing combined with computational analysis to characterize miRNAomes from the ovules of wild-type upland cotton and a fiberless mutant during fiber initiation. Comparative miR- NAome analysis combined with northern blotting and RACE-PCR revealed seven fiber initiation-related miRNAs expressed in cotton ovules and experimentally validated targets of these miRNAs are involved in different cellular responses and metabolic processes, including transcriptional regulation, auxin and gibberellin signal transduction, actin bundles, and lignin biosynthesis. This paper describes a complex regulatory network consisting of these miRNAs expressed in cotton ovules to coordinate fiber initiation responses. In addition, 36 novel miRNAs and two conserved miRNAs were newly iden- tified, nearly doubling the number of known cotton miRNA families to a total of 78. Furthermore, a chromatin remodeling complex subunit and a pre-mRNA splicing factor are shown for the first time to be miRNA targets. To our knowledge, this study is the first systematic investigation of fiber initiation-related miRNAs and their targets in the developing cotton ovule, deepening our understanding of the important regulatory functions of miRNAs in cotton fiber initiation.展开更多
Objective： To assess the effectiveness of Tongjiang Granule （TJG, 通降颗粒） on the patients with nonerosive reflux disease （NERD） of Gan （肝）-Wei （胃） incoordination syndrome, its impact on their quality of l...Objective： To assess the effectiveness of Tongjiang Granule （TJG, 通降颗粒） on the patients with nonerosive reflux disease （NERD） of Gan （肝）-Wei （胃） incoordination syndrome, its impact on their quality of life, and its safety. Method： A randomized, controlled, double-blinded, and double-dummy method was adopted in the trial. There were 120 NERD patients enrolled in the study and randomly divided into the experiment and control groups, each with 60 patients; drugs were distributed according to the drug number by patients＇ inclusion sequences. In the experiment group, patients were given TJG 10 g and mosapdde citrate dummy 5 mg three times a day, and in the control group, patients were given mosapdde citrate 5 mg and TJG dummy 10 g three times a day. The treatment courses of both groups were 4 weeks. Results： Among 120 included patients, 112 were screened for full analysis set （FAS）, and 105 were screened per-protocol set （PPS）. The results were as follows： （1） the improvement of total scores of symptom in the experiment group （0-4 week） were 15.93 ± 7.88 scores by FAS and 16.22 ±7.75 scores by PPS, and they were 10.43± 10.16 scores and 10.79± 10.27 scores in the control group, respectively. The 95% CI of net scores improvement between the two groups were 2.10- 8.90 scores and 1.92-8.94 scores in FAS and PPS; it was significantly better in the experiment group than that in the control group （P〈0.05）. （2） The improvement of scores of major symptom in the experiment group （0-4 week） were 10.68±5.35 by FAS and 10.89±5.29 by PPS and 7.40±7.41 and 7.60±7.46 in the control group, respectively. The 95% CI of net scores improvement in the two groups were 0.85-5.71 and 0.71-5.69 in FAS and PPS separately, and the improvement in the experiment group was significantly better than that in the control group （P〈0.05）. （3） The total effective rates were 86.0% and 61.8% in the experiment and the control group separately, and the Ridit analysis result展开更多
The United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides an important framework for economic,social,and environmental action.A comprehensive indicator system to aid in the systematic implementation and moni...The United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides an important framework for economic,social,and environmental action.A comprehensive indicator system to aid in the systematic implementation and monitoring of progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)is unfortunately limited in many countries due to lack of data.The availability of a growing amount of multi-source data and rapid advancements in big data methods and infrastructure provide unique opportunities to mitigate these data shortages and develop innovative methodologies for comparatively monitoring SDGs.Big Earth Data,a special class of big data with spatial attributes,holds tremendous potential to facilitate science,technology,and innovation toward implementing SDGs around the world.Several programs and initiatives in China have invested in Big Earth Data infrastructure and capabilities,and have successfully carried out case studies to demonstrate their utility in sustainability science.This paper presents implementations of Big Earth Data in evaluating SDG indicators,including the development of new algorithms,indicator expansion(for SDG 11.4.1)and indicator extension(for SDG 11.3.1),introduction of a biodiversity risk index as a more effective analysis method for SDG 15.5.1,and several new high-quality data products,such as global net ecosystem productivity,high-resolution global mountain green cover index,and endangered species richness.These innovations are used to present a comprehensive analysis of SDGs 2,6,11,13,14,and 15 from 2010 to 2020 in China utilizing Big Earth Data,concluding that all six SDGs are on schedule to be achieved by 2030.展开更多
Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are adult stem cells harboring self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential that are capable of differentiating into osteoblasts,adipocytes,or chondrocytes in vitro,and regulatin...Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are adult stem cells harboring self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential that are capable of differentiating into osteoblasts,adipocytes,or chondrocytes in vitro,and regulating the bone marrow microenvironment and adipose tissue remodeling in vivo.The process of fate determination is initiated by signaling molecules that drive MSCs into a specific lineage.Impairment of MSC fate determination leads to different bone and adipose tissue-related diseases,including aging,osteoporosis,and insulin resistance.Much progress has been made in recent years in discovering small molecules and their underlying mechanisms control the cell fate of MSCs both in vitro and in vivo.In this review,we summarize recent findings in applying small molecules to the trilineage commitment of MSCs,for instance,genistein,medicarpin,and icariin for the osteogenic cell fate commitment;isorhamnetin,risedronate,and arctigenin for pro-adipogenesis;and atractylenolides and dihydroartemisinin for chondrogenic fate determination.We highlight the underlying mechanisms,including direct regulation,epigenetic modification,and post-translational modification of signaling molecules in the AMPK,MAPK,Notch,PI3K/AKT,Hedgehog signaling pathways etc.and discuss the small molecules that are currently being studied in clinical trials.The target-based manipulation of lineage-specific commitment by small molecules offers substantial insights into bone marrow microenvironment regulation,adipose tissue homeostasis,and therapeutic strategies for MSC-related diseases.展开更多
Dear Editor,Introduction of gibberellin(GA)-insensitive Reduced height(Rht)genes,Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b,has resulted in the“Green Revolution”in modern wheat cultivars(Triticum aestivum)that has skyrocketed wheat grain ...Dear Editor,Introduction of gibberellin(GA)-insensitive Reduced height(Rht)genes,Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b,has resulted in the“Green Revolution”in modern wheat cultivars(Triticum aestivum)that has skyrocketed wheat grain yields worldwide since the 1960s(Peng et al.,1999;Velde et al.,2021).However,Rht-B1b/D1b also reduce coleoptiles,which is undesired in dryland regions where deep planting is essential for seedling establishment(Rebetzke et al.,1999,Rebetzke et al.,2001;Ellis et al.,2004).展开更多
基金This study is supported by the offshore NGH production test projects under the Marine Geological Survey Program initiated by the China Geological Survey(DD20190226,DD20190218)the Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(41730528,51991365)。
文摘Clayey silt reservoirs bearing natural gas hydrates(NGH)are considered to be the hydrate-bearing reservoirs that boast the highest reserves but tend to be the most difficult to exploit.They are proved to be exploitable by the first NGH production test conducted in the South China Sea in 2017.Based on the understanding of the first production test,the China Geological Survey determined the optimal target NGH reservoirs for production test and conducted a detailed assessment,numerical and experimental simulation,and onshore testing of the reservoirs.After that,it conducted the second offshore NGH production test in 1225 m deep Shenhu Area,South China Sea(also referred to as the second production test)from October 2019 to April 2020.During the second production test,a series of technical challenges of drilling horizontal wells in shallow soft strata in deep sea were met,including wellhead stability,directional drilling of a horizontal well,reservoir stimulation and sand control,and accurate depressurization.As a result,30 days of continuous gas production was achieved,with a cumulative gas production of 86.14×104 m3.Thus,the average daily gas production is 2.87×10^4 m^3,which is 5.57 times as much as that obtained in the first production test.Therefore,both the cumulative gas production and the daily gas production were highly improved compared to the first production test.As indicated by the monitoring results of the second production test,there was no anomaly in methane content in the seafloor,seawater,and atmosphere throughout the whole production test.This successful production test further indicates that safe and effective NGH exploitation is feasible in clayey silt NGH reservoirs.The industrialization of hydrates consists of five stages in general,namely theoretical research and simulation experiments,exploratory production test,experimental production test,productive production test,and commercial production.The second production test serves as an important step from the exploratory production test to exper
文摘The STandards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials Of Moxibustion （STRICTOM）, in the form of a checklist and descriptions of checklist items, were designed to improve reporting of moxibustion trials, and thereby facilitating their interpretation and replication. The STRICTOM checklist included 7 items and 16 sub-items. These set out reporting guidelines for the moxibustion rationale, details of moxibustion, treatment regimen, other components of treatment, treatment provider background, control and comparator interventions, and precaution measures. In addition, there were descriptions of each item and examples of good reporting. It is intended that the STRICTOM can be used in conjunction with the main CONSORT Statement, extensions for nonpharmacologic treatment and pragmatic trials, and thereby raise the quality of reporting of clinical trials of moxibustion. Further comments will be solicited from the experts of the CONSORT Group, the STRICTA Group, acupuncture and moxibustion societies, and clinical trial authors for optimizing the STRICTOM.
基金Supported by The National Science and Technology Projects of 11th Five-Year Plan,No.2007BAI05B06the National Council of Natural Sciences of China,No.30070235,30470508,30870695the Provincial Council of Natural Sciences of Hunan,No.06JJ20081
文摘AIM： To evaluate the effects of four types of preoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization （TACE） on angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） ceils. METHODS： A total of 136 patients with HCC underwent liver resection. One to five courses of TACE prior to liver resection were performed in 79 patients （TACE group）, in which one to four courses of chemotherapy alone were performed in 11 patients （group A）; one to five courses of chemotherapy combined with iodized oil were performed in 33 patients （group B）; one to three courses of chemotherapy combined with iodized oil and gelatin sponge were performed in 23 patients （group C）, one to three courses of chemotherapy combined with iodized oil, ethanol and gelatin sponge were performed in 12 patients （group D）. The other 57 patients only received liver resection （non-TACE group）. The microvessels were marked by CD31. The expression of CD31 and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） protein were detected by immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS： The mean microvessel density （MVD） in HCC cells was significantly higher in groups A, B, C and D than in the nonACE group （P 〈 0.05）. The expression of VEGF protein in HCC cells were significantly higher in groups A, B, C and D than in the non-TACE group （P 〈 0.05）. MVD and the expression of VEGF protein were positively correlated. Mean MVD and the expression of VEGF protein were closely related to the number of courses of TACE and the interval of TACE. CONCLUSION： Four different types of preoperative TACE regimens enhanced angiogenesis in HCC cells by up-regulating the expression of VEGF protein. It is necessary to repress angiogenesis of liver cancer after TACE.
文摘Psychological stress is an important factor for the development of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS). More and more clinical and experimental evidence showed that IBS is a combination of irritable bowel and irritable brain. In the present review we discuss the potential role of psychological stress in the pathogenesis of IBS and provide comprehensive approaches in clinical treatment. Evidence from clinical and experimental studies showed that psychological stresses have marked impact on intestinal sensitivity, motility, secretion and permeability, and the underlying mechanism has a close correlation with mucosal immune activation, alterations in central nervous system, peripheral neurons and gastrointestinal microbiota. Stress-induced alterations in neuro-endocrine-immune pathways acts on the gut-brain axis and microbiota-gut-brain axis, and cause symptom flare-ups or exaggeration in IBS. IBS is a stresssensitive disorder, therefore, the treatment of IBS should focus on managing stress and stress-induced responses. Now, non-pharmacological approaches and pharmacological strategies that target on stress-related alterations, such as antidepressants, antipsychotics, miscellaneous agents, 5-HT synthesis inhibitors, selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitors, and specific 5-HT receptor antagonists or agonists have shown a critical role in IBS management. A integrative approach for IBS management is a necessary.
基金This work was supported by grants from the State Key Basic Re- search and Development Plan （2010CB126003）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （90608016）, the Hi-Tech Re- search and Development Program of China （2008AA02Z116）, and the National Transgenic Animals and Plants Research Project （2009ZX08009-069B, 2009ZX08005-026B, and 2008ZX08009- 003）.
文摘An increasing number of microRNAs （miRNAs） have been shown to play crucial regulatory roles in the process of plant development. Here, we used high-throughput sequencing combined with computational analysis to characterize miRNAomes from the ovules of wild-type upland cotton and a fiberless mutant during fiber initiation. Comparative miR- NAome analysis combined with northern blotting and RACE-PCR revealed seven fiber initiation-related miRNAs expressed in cotton ovules and experimentally validated targets of these miRNAs are involved in different cellular responses and metabolic processes, including transcriptional regulation, auxin and gibberellin signal transduction, actin bundles, and lignin biosynthesis. This paper describes a complex regulatory network consisting of these miRNAs expressed in cotton ovules to coordinate fiber initiation responses. In addition, 36 novel miRNAs and two conserved miRNAs were newly iden- tified, nearly doubling the number of known cotton miRNA families to a total of 78. Furthermore, a chromatin remodeling complex subunit and a pre-mRNA splicing factor are shown for the first time to be miRNA targets. To our knowledge, this study is the first systematic investigation of fiber initiation-related miRNAs and their targets in the developing cotton ovule, deepening our understanding of the important regulatory functions of miRNAs in cotton fiber initiation.
基金Supported by Fund of Capital Medical Development and Research （No. 03III10）.
文摘Objective： To assess the effectiveness of Tongjiang Granule （TJG, 通降颗粒） on the patients with nonerosive reflux disease （NERD） of Gan （肝）-Wei （胃） incoordination syndrome, its impact on their quality of life, and its safety. Method： A randomized, controlled, double-blinded, and double-dummy method was adopted in the trial. There were 120 NERD patients enrolled in the study and randomly divided into the experiment and control groups, each with 60 patients; drugs were distributed according to the drug number by patients＇ inclusion sequences. In the experiment group, patients were given TJG 10 g and mosapdde citrate dummy 5 mg three times a day, and in the control group, patients were given mosapdde citrate 5 mg and TJG dummy 10 g three times a day. The treatment courses of both groups were 4 weeks. Results： Among 120 included patients, 112 were screened for full analysis set （FAS）, and 105 were screened per-protocol set （PPS）. The results were as follows： （1） the improvement of total scores of symptom in the experiment group （0-4 week） were 15.93 ± 7.88 scores by FAS and 16.22 ±7.75 scores by PPS, and they were 10.43± 10.16 scores and 10.79± 10.27 scores in the control group, respectively. The 95% CI of net scores improvement between the two groups were 2.10- 8.90 scores and 1.92-8.94 scores in FAS and PPS; it was significantly better in the experiment group than that in the control group （P〈0.05）. （2） The improvement of scores of major symptom in the experiment group （0-4 week） were 10.68±5.35 by FAS and 10.89±5.29 by PPS and 7.40±7.41 and 7.60±7.46 in the control group, respectively. The 95% CI of net scores improvement in the two groups were 0.85-5.71 and 0.71-5.69 in FAS and PPS separately, and the improvement in the experiment group was significantly better than that in the control group （P〈0.05）. （3） The total effective rates were 86.0% and 61.8% in the experiment and the control group separately, and the Ridit analysis result
基金supported by the Big Earth Data Science Engineering Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Strategic Priority Research Program(XDA19090000 and XDA19030000)。
文摘The United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides an important framework for economic,social,and environmental action.A comprehensive indicator system to aid in the systematic implementation and monitoring of progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)is unfortunately limited in many countries due to lack of data.The availability of a growing amount of multi-source data and rapid advancements in big data methods and infrastructure provide unique opportunities to mitigate these data shortages and develop innovative methodologies for comparatively monitoring SDGs.Big Earth Data,a special class of big data with spatial attributes,holds tremendous potential to facilitate science,technology,and innovation toward implementing SDGs around the world.Several programs and initiatives in China have invested in Big Earth Data infrastructure and capabilities,and have successfully carried out case studies to demonstrate their utility in sustainability science.This paper presents implementations of Big Earth Data in evaluating SDG indicators,including the development of new algorithms,indicator expansion(for SDG 11.4.1)and indicator extension(for SDG 11.3.1),introduction of a biodiversity risk index as a more effective analysis method for SDG 15.5.1,and several new high-quality data products,such as global net ecosystem productivity,high-resolution global mountain green cover index,and endangered species richness.These innovations are used to present a comprehensive analysis of SDGs 2,6,11,13,14,and 15 from 2010 to 2020 in China utilizing Big Earth Data,concluding that all six SDGs are on schedule to be achieved by 2030.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81573992
文摘Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are adult stem cells harboring self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential that are capable of differentiating into osteoblasts,adipocytes,or chondrocytes in vitro,and regulating the bone marrow microenvironment and adipose tissue remodeling in vivo.The process of fate determination is initiated by signaling molecules that drive MSCs into a specific lineage.Impairment of MSC fate determination leads to different bone and adipose tissue-related diseases,including aging,osteoporosis,and insulin resistance.Much progress has been made in recent years in discovering small molecules and their underlying mechanisms control the cell fate of MSCs both in vitro and in vivo.In this review,we summarize recent findings in applying small molecules to the trilineage commitment of MSCs,for instance,genistein,medicarpin,and icariin for the osteogenic cell fate commitment;isorhamnetin,risedronate,and arctigenin for pro-adipogenesis;and atractylenolides and dihydroartemisinin for chondrogenic fate determination.We highlight the underlying mechanisms,including direct regulation,epigenetic modification,and post-translational modification of signaling molecules in the AMPK,MAPK,Notch,PI3K/AKT,Hedgehog signaling pathways etc.and discuss the small molecules that are currently being studied in clinical trials.The target-based manipulation of lineage-specific commitment by small molecules offers substantial insights into bone marrow microenvironment regulation,adipose tissue homeostasis,and therapeutic strategies for MSC-related diseases.
基金This work was supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grants 91935302 and 31991210)Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory(B21HJ0111).
文摘Dear Editor,Introduction of gibberellin(GA)-insensitive Reduced height(Rht)genes,Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b,has resulted in the“Green Revolution”in modern wheat cultivars(Triticum aestivum)that has skyrocketed wheat grain yields worldwide since the 1960s(Peng et al.,1999;Velde et al.,2021).However,Rht-B1b/D1b also reduce coleoptiles,which is undesired in dryland regions where deep planting is essential for seedling establishment(Rebetzke et al.,1999,Rebetzke et al.,2001;Ellis et al.,2004).
