In 1995,Yu et al.[1]first reported bulk-heterojunction(BHJ)solar cells with a conjugated polymer donor and a fullerene acceptor as the active materials.From then on,BHJ organic solar cells(OSCs)have attracted academic...In 1995,Yu et al.[1]first reported bulk-heterojunction(BHJ)solar cells with a conjugated polymer donor and a fullerene acceptor as the active materials.From then on,BHJ organic solar cells(OSCs)have attracted academic and industrial interests due to the advantages like lightweight,flexibility and roll-to-roll fabrication.Nowadays,17%power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)have been achieved in the state-of-the-art OSCs[2,3].The remarkable progress in OSCs relies on the continuously emerging new materials and device fabrication technologies,and the understanding on film morphology and device physics[4,5].展开更多
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat （CRISPR） - CRISPR-associated protein 9 （CRISPR-Cas9） system has emerged as a versatile molecular tool for genome editing in various organisms in recent ...The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat （CRISPR） - CRISPR-associated protein 9 （CRISPR-Cas9） system has emerged as a versatile molecular tool for genome editing in various organisms in recent years （Tsai and Joung, 2016）. In this system, the endonuclease of Cas9 is directed to DNA targets by a synthetic guide RNA （sgRNA）.展开更多
There is considerable potential for integrating transarterial chemoembolization(TACE),programmed death-(ligand)1(PD-[L]1)inhibitors,and molecular targeted treatments(MTT)in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).It is necessar...There is considerable potential for integrating transarterial chemoembolization(TACE),programmed death-(ligand)1(PD-[L]1)inhibitors,and molecular targeted treatments(MTT)in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).It is necessary to investigate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of TACE combined with PD-(L)1 inhibitors and MTT in real-world situations.In this nationwide,retrospective,cohort study,826 HCC patients receiving either TACE plus PD-(L)1 blockades and MTT(combination group,n=376)or TACE monotherapy(monotherapy group,n=450)were included from January 2018 to May 2021.The primary endpoint was progression-free survival(PFS)according to modified RECIST.The secondary outcomes included overall survival(OS),objective response rate(ORR),and safety.We performed propensity score matching approaches to reduce bias between two groups.After matching,228 pairs were included with a predominantly advanced disease population.Median PFS in combination group was 9.5 months(95%confidence interval[CI],8.4-11.0)versus 8.0 months(95%CI,6.6-9.5)(adjusted hazard ratio[HR],0.70,P=0.002).OS and ORR were also significantly higher in combination group(median OS,19.2[16.1-27.3]vs.15.7 months[13.0-20.2];adjusted HR,0.63,P=0.001;ORR,60.1%vs.32.0%;P<0.001).Grade 3/4 adverse events were observed at a rate of 15.8%and 7.5%in combination and monotherapy groups,respectively.Our results suggest that TACE plus PD-(L)1 blockades and MTT could significantly improve PFS,OS,and ORR versus TACE monotherapy for Chinese patients with predominantly advanced HCC in real-world practice,with an acceptable safety profile.展开更多
Background Large animal models with toxin-mediated pancreatic damage have been used extensively in researches with respect to diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diabetic complications. The present study aimed to est...Background Large animal models with toxin-mediated pancreatic damage have been used extensively in researches with respect to diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diabetic complications. The present study aimed to establish Chinese Guizhou minipig models with streptozotocin （STZ）-induced diabetes and characterize the animal models by analyzing inflammatory cytokine levels in aortic wall, such as tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α, interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and interleukin-6 （IL-6）. Methods Twenty-two male Chinese Guizhou minipigs （age, 4 to 6 months; weight, 20 kg to 30 kg） were divided into STZ-induced diabetic group （n=-12） and control group （n=-10）. STZ （125 mg/kg） was administrated to induce hyperglycemia and afterwards insulin was used to control fasting blood glucose levels below 10 mmol/L. Oral glucose tolerance test （OGTT） was performed before and one month after STZ administration and serum concentrations of alanine transaminase, asparegine transaminase, albumin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, lipids and white blood cell count were measured before and six months later. Animals in both groups were euthanized after six months and pancreas was examined immunohistochemically for islet 13 cells. Aortic intima of diabetic minipigs and controls was analyzed for TNF-α level in tissue conditioned medium by Western blot. TNF-α, IL-β and IL-6 mFINA levels in aortic intima were assayed by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction （FIT-PCR）. Results Significant elevation in serum glucose levels was observed one month and six months after STZ induction （P〈0.001） and markedly increased OGTT values were noted, compared with baseline data. The normal pancreas had many irregular sized islets and small clusters of islet β cells, while in pancreas of diabetic minipigs islet β ceils almost disappeared. No statistical difference was notified in serum concentrations of biochemical examinations before and six months after STZ induction. Westem blot demonstrated dramatica展开更多
In face of the everlasting battle toward COVID-19 and the rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2,no specific and effective drugs for treating this disease have been reported until today.Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2),a ...In face of the everlasting battle toward COVID-19 and the rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2,no specific and effective drugs for treating this disease have been reported until today.Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2),a receptor of SARS-CoV-2,mediates the virus infection by binding to spike protein.Although ACE2 is expressed in the lung,kidney,and intestine,its expressing levels are rather low,especially in the lung.Considering the great infectivity of COVID-19,we speculate that SARS-CoV-2 may depend on other routes to facilitate its infection.Here,we first discover an interaction between host cell receptor CD147 and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.The loss of CD147 or blocking CD147 in Vero E6 and BEAS-2B cell lines by anti-CD147 antibody,Meplazumab,inhibits SARSCoV-2 amplification.Expression of human CD147 allows virus entry into non-susceptible BHK-21 cells,which can be neutralized by CD147 extracellular fragment.Viral loads are detectable in the lungs of human CD147(hCD147)mice infected with SARS-CoV-2,but not in those of virus-infected wild type mice.Interestingly,virions are observed in lymphocytes of lung tissue from a COVID-19 patient.Human T cells with a property of ACE2 natural deficiency can be infected with SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus in a dosedependent manner,which is specifically inhibited by Meplazumab.Furthermore,CD147 mediates virus entering host cells by endocytosis.Together,our study reveals a novel virus entry route,CD147-spike protein,which provides an important target for developing specific and effective drug against COVID-19.展开更多
Heat stroke(HS)is a fatal disease caused by thermal damage in the body,and it has a very high mortality rate.In 2015,the People’s Liberation Army Professional Committee of Critical Care Medicine published the first e...Heat stroke(HS)is a fatal disease caused by thermal damage in the body,and it has a very high mortality rate.In 2015,the People’s Liberation Army Professional Committee of Critical Care Medicine published the first expert consensus on HS in China,Expert consensus on standardized diagnosis and treatment for heat stroke.With an increased understanding of HS and new issues that emerged during the HS treatment in China in recent years,the 2015 consensus no longer meet the requirements for HS prevention and treatment.It is necessary to update the consensus to include the latest research evidence and establish a new consensus that has broader coverage,is more practical and is more in line with China’s national conditions.This new expert consensus includes new concept of HS,recommendations for laboratory tests and auxiliary examinations,new understanding of diagnosis and differential diagnosis,On-site emergency treatment and In-hospital treatment,translocation of HS patients and prevention of HS.展开更多
The incidence of prostate cancer(PCa)within Asian population used to be much lower than in the Western population;however,in recent years the incidence and mortality rate of PCa in some Asian countries have grown rapi...The incidence of prostate cancer(PCa)within Asian population used to be much lower than in the Western population;however,in recent years the incidence and mortality rate of PCa in some Asian countries have grown rapidly.This collaborative report summarized the latest epidemiology information,risk factors,and racial differences in PCa diagnosis,current status and new trends in surgery management and novel agents for castration-resistant prostate cancer.We believe such information would be helpful in clinical decision making for urologists and oncologists,health-care ministries and medical researchers.展开更多
Using a dedicated data sample taken in 2018 on the J/ψpeak,we perform a detailed study of the trigger efficiencies of the BESIII detector.The efficiencies are determined from three representative physics processes,na...Using a dedicated data sample taken in 2018 on the J/ψpeak,we perform a detailed study of the trigger efficiencies of the BESIII detector.The efficiencies are determined from three representative physics processes,namely Bhabha scattering,dimuon production and generic hadronic events with charged particles.The combined efficiency of all active triggers approaches 100%in most cases,with uncertainties small enough not to affect most physics analyses.展开更多
AIM: To establish a non-traumatic, easy to induce and reproducible mouse model of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP)induced with caerulein and lipopolyasccharide (LPS).METHODS: Thirty-two healthy mature NIH female mice w...AIM: To establish a non-traumatic, easy to induce and reproducible mouse model of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP)induced with caerulein and lipopolyasccharide (LPS).METHODS: Thirty-two healthy mature NIH female mice were selected and divided at random into four groups (each of 8 mice), i.e., the control group (NS group), the caerulein group (Ch group), the lipopolysaccharide group (LPS group),and the caerulein+LPS group (Cn+LPS group). Mice were injected intraperitoneally with caerulein only, or LPS only,and caerulein and LPS in combination. All the animals were then killed by neck dislocation three hours after the last intraperitoneal injection. The pancreas and exo-pancreatic organs were then carefully removed for microscopic examination. And the pancreatic acinus was further observed under transmission electron microscope (TEM). Pancreatic weight, serum amylase, serum nitric oxide (NO)concentration, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration of the pancreas were assayed respectively.RESULTS: (1) NS animals displayed normal pancreatic structure both in the exocrine and endocrine. In the LPS group, the pancreas was slightly edematous, with the infiltration of a few inflammatory cells and the necrosis of the adjacent fat tissues. All the animals of the Cn group showed distinct signs of a mild edematous pancreatitis characterized by interstitial edema, infiltration of neutrophil and mononuclear cells, but without obvious parenchyma necrosis and hemorrhage. In contrast, the Cn+LPS groupshowed more diffuse focal areas of nonviable pancreatic and hemorrhage as well as systemic organ dysfunction.According to Schmidt's criteria, the pancreatic histologic score showed that there existed significant difference in the Cn+LPS group in the interstitial edema, inflammatory infiltration,parenchyma necrosis and parenchyma homorrhage in comparison with those of the Cn group, LPS group and NS group (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05). (2) The ultrasturcture of acinar cells was seriously damaged in the Cn+LPS group. Ch展开更多
We report high transition temperature superconductivity in one unit-cell(UC)thick FeSe films grown on a Seetched SrTiO_(3)(001)substrate by molecular beam epitaxy(MBE).A superconducting gap as large as 20 meV and the ...We report high transition temperature superconductivity in one unit-cell(UC)thick FeSe films grown on a Seetched SrTiO_(3)(001)substrate by molecular beam epitaxy(MBE).A superconducting gap as large as 20 meV and the magnetic field induced vortex state revealed by in situ scanning tunneling microscopy(STM)suggest that the superconductivity of the 1 UC FeSe films could occur around 77K.The control transport measurement shows that the onset superconductivity temperature is well above 50K.Our work not only demonstrates a powerful way for finding new superconductors and for raising Tc,but also provides a well-defined platform for systematic studies of the mechanism of unconventional superconductivity by using different superconducting materials and substrates.展开更多
The role the quantum entanglement plays in quantum computation speedup has been widely disputed. Some believe that quantum computation's speedup over classical computation is impossible if entan-glement is absent,...The role the quantum entanglement plays in quantum computation speedup has been widely disputed. Some believe that quantum computation's speedup over classical computation is impossible if entan-glement is absent,while others claim that the presence of entanglement is not a necessary condition for some quantum algorithms. This paper discusses this problem systematically. Simulating quantum computation with classical resources is analyzed and entanglement in known algorithms is reviewed. It is concluded that the presence of entanglement is a necessary but not sufficient condition in the pure state or pseudo-pure state quantum computation speedup. The case with the mixed state remains open. Further work on quantum computation will benefit from the presented results.展开更多
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFA0206600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51773045, 21572041, 21772030 and 51922032)the Youth Association for Promoting Innovation (CAS) for financial support.
文摘In 1995,Yu et al.[1]first reported bulk-heterojunction(BHJ)solar cells with a conjugated polymer donor and a fullerene acceptor as the active materials.From then on,BHJ organic solar cells(OSCs)have attracted academic and industrial interests due to the advantages like lightweight,flexibility and roll-to-roll fabrication.Nowadays,17%power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)have been achieved in the state-of-the-art OSCs[2,3].The remarkable progress in OSCs relies on the continuously emerging new materials and device fabrication technologies,and the understanding on film morphology and device physics[4,5].
文摘The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat （CRISPR） - CRISPR-associated protein 9 （CRISPR-Cas9） system has emerged as a versatile molecular tool for genome editing in various organisms in recent years （Tsai and Joung, 2016）. In this system, the endonuclease of Cas9 is directed to DNA targets by a synthetic guide RNA （sgRNA）.
基金The study was supported by National Key Research and Development Program(2018YFA0704100,2018YFA0704104)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81827805,82130060)Jiangsu Provincial Special Program of Medical Science(BE2019750).The funding sources had no role in the writing of the report,or decision to submit the paper for publication.
文摘There is considerable potential for integrating transarterial chemoembolization(TACE),programmed death-(ligand)1(PD-[L]1)inhibitors,and molecular targeted treatments(MTT)in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).It is necessary to investigate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of TACE combined with PD-(L)1 inhibitors and MTT in real-world situations.In this nationwide,retrospective,cohort study,826 HCC patients receiving either TACE plus PD-(L)1 blockades and MTT(combination group,n=376)or TACE monotherapy(monotherapy group,n=450)were included from January 2018 to May 2021.The primary endpoint was progression-free survival(PFS)according to modified RECIST.The secondary outcomes included overall survival(OS),objective response rate(ORR),and safety.We performed propensity score matching approaches to reduce bias between two groups.After matching,228 pairs were included with a predominantly advanced disease population.Median PFS in combination group was 9.5 months(95%confidence interval[CI],8.4-11.0)versus 8.0 months(95%CI,6.6-9.5)(adjusted hazard ratio[HR],0.70,P=0.002).OS and ORR were also significantly higher in combination group(median OS,19.2[16.1-27.3]vs.15.7 months[13.0-20.2];adjusted HR,0.63,P=0.001;ORR,60.1%vs.32.0%;P<0.001).Grade 3/4 adverse events were observed at a rate of 15.8%and 7.5%in combination and monotherapy groups,respectively.Our results suggest that TACE plus PD-(L)1 blockades and MTT could significantly improve PFS,OS,and ORR versus TACE monotherapy for Chinese patients with predominantly advanced HCC in real-world practice,with an acceptable safety profile.
基金The study was supported by the grant from the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation(No.028610)
文摘Background Large animal models with toxin-mediated pancreatic damage have been used extensively in researches with respect to diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diabetic complications. The present study aimed to establish Chinese Guizhou minipig models with streptozotocin （STZ）-induced diabetes and characterize the animal models by analyzing inflammatory cytokine levels in aortic wall, such as tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α, interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and interleukin-6 （IL-6）. Methods Twenty-two male Chinese Guizhou minipigs （age, 4 to 6 months; weight, 20 kg to 30 kg） were divided into STZ-induced diabetic group （n=-12） and control group （n=-10）. STZ （125 mg/kg） was administrated to induce hyperglycemia and afterwards insulin was used to control fasting blood glucose levels below 10 mmol/L. Oral glucose tolerance test （OGTT） was performed before and one month after STZ administration and serum concentrations of alanine transaminase, asparegine transaminase, albumin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, lipids and white blood cell count were measured before and six months later. Animals in both groups were euthanized after six months and pancreas was examined immunohistochemically for islet 13 cells. Aortic intima of diabetic minipigs and controls was analyzed for TNF-α level in tissue conditioned medium by Western blot. TNF-α, IL-β and IL-6 mFINA levels in aortic intima were assayed by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction （FIT-PCR）. Results Significant elevation in serum glucose levels was observed one month and six months after STZ induction （P〈0.001） and markedly increased OGTT values were noted, compared with baseline data. The normal pancreas had many irregular sized islets and small clusters of islet β cells, while in pancreas of diabetic minipigs islet β ceils almost disappeared. No statistical difference was notified in serum concentrations of biochemical examinations before and six months after STZ induction. Westem blot demonstrated dramatica
基金Supported by National Basic Research Program of China （973 Program） （2009CB320600）, National Natural Science Foundation of China （60828007, 60534010, 60821063）, the Leverhulme Trust （F/00. 120/BC） in the United Kingdom, and the 111 Project （B08015）
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(2019ZX09732-001)the Key R&D Plan Projects in Shaanxi Province(2020ZDXM2-SF-01)Young Talent fund of the University Association for Science and Technology in Shaanxi,China(20200304).
文摘In face of the everlasting battle toward COVID-19 and the rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2,no specific and effective drugs for treating this disease have been reported until today.Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2),a receptor of SARS-CoV-2,mediates the virus infection by binding to spike protein.Although ACE2 is expressed in the lung,kidney,and intestine,its expressing levels are rather low,especially in the lung.Considering the great infectivity of COVID-19,we speculate that SARS-CoV-2 may depend on other routes to facilitate its infection.Here,we first discover an interaction between host cell receptor CD147 and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.The loss of CD147 or blocking CD147 in Vero E6 and BEAS-2B cell lines by anti-CD147 antibody,Meplazumab,inhibits SARSCoV-2 amplification.Expression of human CD147 allows virus entry into non-susceptible BHK-21 cells,which can be neutralized by CD147 extracellular fragment.Viral loads are detectable in the lungs of human CD147(hCD147)mice infected with SARS-CoV-2,but not in those of virus-infected wild type mice.Interestingly,virions are observed in lymphocytes of lung tissue from a COVID-19 patient.Human T cells with a property of ACE2 natural deficiency can be infected with SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus in a dosedependent manner,which is specifically inhibited by Meplazumab.Furthermore,CD147 mediates virus entering host cells by endocytosis.Together,our study reveals a novel virus entry route,CD147-spike protein,which provides an important target for developing specific and effective drug against COVID-19.
文摘Heat stroke(HS)is a fatal disease caused by thermal damage in the body,and it has a very high mortality rate.In 2015,the People’s Liberation Army Professional Committee of Critical Care Medicine published the first expert consensus on HS in China,Expert consensus on standardized diagnosis and treatment for heat stroke.With an increased understanding of HS and new issues that emerged during the HS treatment in China in recent years,the 2015 consensus no longer meet the requirements for HS prevention and treatment.It is necessary to update the consensus to include the latest research evidence and establish a new consensus that has broader coverage,is more practical and is more in line with China’s national conditions.This new expert consensus includes new concept of HS,recommendations for laboratory tests and auxiliary examinations,new understanding of diagnosis and differential diagnosis,On-site emergency treatment and In-hospital treatment,translocation of HS patients and prevention of HS.
基金supported by the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University scheme of the Ministry of Education of China(NO.IRT1111)the National Basic Research Program of China(2012CB518300)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81101946)the Shanghai Pujiang Program(12PJD008)Prostate Cancer Foundation Young Investigator Award,Shanghai Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission Outstanding Young Investigator(XYQ2013077).
文摘The incidence of prostate cancer(PCa)within Asian population used to be much lower than in the Western population;however,in recent years the incidence and mortality rate of PCa in some Asian countries have grown rapidly.This collaborative report summarized the latest epidemiology information,risk factors,and racial differences in PCa diagnosis,current status and new trends in surgery management and novel agents for castration-resistant prostate cancer.We believe such information would be helpful in clinical decision making for urologists and oncologists,health-care ministries and medical researchers.
基金Supported in part by National Key Basic Research Program of China(2015CB856700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(11625523,11635010,11735014,11822506,11835012,11935015,11935016,11935018,11961141012)+15 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Large-Scale Scientific Facility ProgramJoint Large-Scale Scientific Facility Funds of the NSFC and CAS(U 1732263,U 1832207)CAS Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences(QYZDJ-SSWSLH003,QYZDJ-SSW-SLH040)100 Talents Program of CASINPAC and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and CosmologyERC(758462)German Research Foundation DFG under Contracts Nos.Collaborative Research Center CRC 1044,FOR 2359Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare,ItalyMinistry of Development o f Turkey(DPT2006K-120470)National Science and Technology fundOlle Engkvist Foundation(200-0605)STFC(United Kingdom)The Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation(Sweden)(2016.0157)The Royal Society,UK(DH140054,DH160214)The Swedish Research CouncilU.S.Department of Energy(DEFG02-05ER41374,DE-SC-0012069)。
文摘Using a dedicated data sample taken in 2018 on the J/ψpeak,we perform a detailed study of the trigger efficiencies of the BESIII detector.The efficiencies are determined from three representative physics processes,namely Bhabha scattering,dimuon production and generic hadronic events with charged particles.The combined efficiency of all active triggers approaches 100%in most cases,with uncertainties small enough not to affect most physics analyses.
文摘AIM: To establish a non-traumatic, easy to induce and reproducible mouse model of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP)induced with caerulein and lipopolyasccharide (LPS).METHODS: Thirty-two healthy mature NIH female mice were selected and divided at random into four groups (each of 8 mice), i.e., the control group (NS group), the caerulein group (Ch group), the lipopolysaccharide group (LPS group),and the caerulein+LPS group (Cn+LPS group). Mice were injected intraperitoneally with caerulein only, or LPS only,and caerulein and LPS in combination. All the animals were then killed by neck dislocation three hours after the last intraperitoneal injection. The pancreas and exo-pancreatic organs were then carefully removed for microscopic examination. And the pancreatic acinus was further observed under transmission electron microscope (TEM). Pancreatic weight, serum amylase, serum nitric oxide (NO)concentration, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration of the pancreas were assayed respectively.RESULTS: (1) NS animals displayed normal pancreatic structure both in the exocrine and endocrine. In the LPS group, the pancreas was slightly edematous, with the infiltration of a few inflammatory cells and the necrosis of the adjacent fat tissues. All the animals of the Cn group showed distinct signs of a mild edematous pancreatitis characterized by interstitial edema, infiltration of neutrophil and mononuclear cells, but without obvious parenchyma necrosis and hemorrhage. In contrast, the Cn+LPS groupshowed more diffuse focal areas of nonviable pancreatic and hemorrhage as well as systemic organ dysfunction.According to Schmidt's criteria, the pancreatic histologic score showed that there existed significant difference in the Cn+LPS group in the interstitial edema, inflammatory infiltration,parenchyma necrosis and parenchyma homorrhage in comparison with those of the Cn group, LPS group and NS group (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05). (2) The ultrasturcture of acinar cells was seriously damaged in the Cn+LPS group. Ch
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 10721404 and 11134008the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 2009CB929400.
文摘We report high transition temperature superconductivity in one unit-cell(UC)thick FeSe films grown on a Seetched SrTiO_(3)(001)substrate by molecular beam epitaxy(MBE).A superconducting gap as large as 20 meV and the magnetic field induced vortex state revealed by in situ scanning tunneling microscopy(STM)suggest that the superconductivity of the 1 UC FeSe films could occur around 77K.The control transport measurement shows that the onset superconductivity temperature is well above 50K.Our work not only demonstrates a powerful way for finding new superconductors and for raising Tc,but also provides a well-defined platform for systematic studies of the mechanism of unconventional superconductivity by using different superconducting materials and substrates.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China (Grant No. 60625204)the Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60496324)+2 种基金the National 973 Fundamental Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2002CB312004)the National 863 High-Tech Project of China (Grant No. 2006AA01Z155)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and MADIS
文摘The role the quantum entanglement plays in quantum computation speedup has been widely disputed. Some believe that quantum computation's speedup over classical computation is impossible if entan-glement is absent,while others claim that the presence of entanglement is not a necessary condition for some quantum algorithms. This paper discusses this problem systematically. Simulating quantum computation with classical resources is analyzed and entanglement in known algorithms is reviewed. It is concluded that the presence of entanglement is a necessary but not sufficient condition in the pure state or pseudo-pure state quantum computation speedup. The case with the mixed state remains open. Further work on quantum computation will benefit from the presented results.
