With complex fractured-vuggy heterogeneous structures, water has to be injected to facilitate oil pro- duction. However, the effect of different water injection modes on oil recovery varies. The limitation of existing...With complex fractured-vuggy heterogeneous structures, water has to be injected to facilitate oil pro- duction. However, the effect of different water injection modes on oil recovery varies. The limitation of existing numerical simulation methods in representing fractured- vuggy carbonate reservoirs makes numerical simulation difficult to characterize the fluid flow in these reservoirs. In this paper, based on a geological example unit in the Tahe Oilfield, a three-dimensional physical model was designed and constructed to simulate fluid flow in a fractured-vuggy reservoir according to similarity criteria. The model was validated by simulating a bottom water drive reservoir, and then subsequent water injection modes were optimized. These were continuous （constant rate）, intermittent, and pulsed injection of water. Experimental results reveal that due to the unbalanced formation pressure caused by pulsed water injection, the swept volume was expanded and consequently the highest oil recovery increment was achieved. Similar to continuous water injection, intermit- tent injection was influenced by factors including the connectivity of the fractured-vuggy reservoir, well depth, and the injection-production relationship, which led to a relative low oil recovery. This study may provide a constructive guide to field production and for the devel- opment of the commercial numerical models specialized for fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs.展开更多
目的:归纳和分析《新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗方案(试行第八版)》中收录的8种中药注射剂的不良反应(adverse drug reaction,ADR),为临床诊疗过程中安全、合理使用中药注射剂提供参考。方法:分别以8种中药注射剂名称和“不良反应”为主题关键...目的:归纳和分析《新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗方案(试行第八版)》中收录的8种中药注射剂的不良反应(adverse drug reaction,ADR),为临床诊疗过程中安全、合理使用中药注射剂提供参考。方法:分别以8种中药注射剂名称和“不良反应”为主题关键词,检索2010年1月—2019年12月在中国知网数据库、万方数据库和维普中文科技期刊数据库公开发表的文献,并进行分析。结果:共检索到168例发生相应中药注射剂的不良反应病例,其中39.88%的患者有慢性基础疾病,13.69%有过敏史,53.57%存在联合静脉用药情况,仅4.44%的患者记录了规范的冲管操作;ADR主要累及全身、呼吸系统、心血管系统、皮肤及皮肤附件、神经系统,其中85.12%为过敏或类过敏反应。结论:中药注射剂成分复杂,在COVID-19诊疗过程中应警惕其不良反应的发生,规范输液治疗,注重用药监护,保障患者的用药安全。展开更多
基金supported by China National Science and Technology Major Project(2011ZX05009-004,2011ZX05014-003)National Key Basic Research and Development Program(973 Program),China(2011CB201006)Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(2462014YJRC053)
文摘With complex fractured-vuggy heterogeneous structures, water has to be injected to facilitate oil pro- duction. However, the effect of different water injection modes on oil recovery varies. The limitation of existing numerical simulation methods in representing fractured- vuggy carbonate reservoirs makes numerical simulation difficult to characterize the fluid flow in these reservoirs. In this paper, based on a geological example unit in the Tahe Oilfield, a three-dimensional physical model was designed and constructed to simulate fluid flow in a fractured-vuggy reservoir according to similarity criteria. The model was validated by simulating a bottom water drive reservoir, and then subsequent water injection modes were optimized. These were continuous （constant rate）, intermittent, and pulsed injection of water. Experimental results reveal that due to the unbalanced formation pressure caused by pulsed water injection, the swept volume was expanded and consequently the highest oil recovery increment was achieved. Similar to continuous water injection, intermit- tent injection was influenced by factors including the connectivity of the fractured-vuggy reservoir, well depth, and the injection-production relationship, which led to a relative low oil recovery. This study may provide a constructive guide to field production and for the devel- opment of the commercial numerical models specialized for fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs.
文摘目的:归纳和分析《新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗方案(试行第八版)》中收录的8种中药注射剂的不良反应(adverse drug reaction,ADR),为临床诊疗过程中安全、合理使用中药注射剂提供参考。方法:分别以8种中药注射剂名称和“不良反应”为主题关键词,检索2010年1月—2019年12月在中国知网数据库、万方数据库和维普中文科技期刊数据库公开发表的文献,并进行分析。结果:共检索到168例发生相应中药注射剂的不良反应病例,其中39.88%的患者有慢性基础疾病,13.69%有过敏史,53.57%存在联合静脉用药情况,仅4.44%的患者记录了规范的冲管操作;ADR主要累及全身、呼吸系统、心血管系统、皮肤及皮肤附件、神经系统,其中85.12%为过敏或类过敏反应。结论:中药注射剂成分复杂,在COVID-19诊疗过程中应警惕其不良反应的发生,规范输液治疗,注重用药监护,保障患者的用药安全。
