This review summarizes the rapporteur report on advances in monitoring and forecasting of rainfall associated with tropical cyclones(TCs)and its impact during 2014–18,as presented to the 10th International Workshop o...This review summarizes the rapporteur report on advances in monitoring and forecasting of rainfall associated with tropical cyclones(TCs)and its impact during 2014–18,as presented to the 10th International Workshop on TCs(IWTC-10)held in Bali,Indonesia during 5th–9th December 2022.Major physical processes that can modulate TC rainfall distribution,including topography,storm motion,vertical wind shear,and intensity,along with the fundamental physics of rain bands and clouds as simulated by numerical models,diurnal variation of rainfall,and various synoptic and mesoscale features controlling the rainfall distribution are briefly discussed.Improvements to the dynamic core and physical processes in global models are providing useable forecasts nearly up to 7 days.This report also summarizes,some tools that have been developed to predict TC rainfall.Lately there is a tendency for operational forecasting centers to utilize multi-model ensemble systems for rainfall forecasting that demonstrate superior performance than individual models,ensemble members,or even single model ensembles.Major impacts include pluvial and fluvial floods,and landslides.The techniques developed by various forecasting centers to assist in predicting and communicating the impacts associated with these events are also presented in this report.展开更多
The study presented herein is the analysis of Sodar based instrument measurements of air temperature, dew point, and vertical wind speed and direction, recorded at two South Carolina sites, Waties Island in North Myrt...The study presented herein is the analysis of Sodar based instrument measurements of air temperature, dew point, and vertical wind speed and direction, recorded at two South Carolina sites, Waties Island in North Myrtle Beach and in Sumter, and at three atmospheric ground stations. Two of the ground stations are National Weather Service stations near the Sodars and one is a Coastal Carolina University Sea-Econet, as a part of the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, MESO program, weather-sensor site on the Coastal Carolina University campus in Conway South Carolina. Objectives of this study are to establish specific values of winds, land and sea temperatures, precipitation and dew points associated with the changes induced by passages of the Sea Breeze Front, and to examine differences in the station-to-station incarnation of the Sea Breeze circulation. Variability from station to station in the nature and timing of Sea Breeze Front passage is found to be a function of relative proximity to the coast with Sea Breeze Front passage occurring earliest at the North Myrtle Beach site (the station at the coast), then at Sumter (~100 km inland) and finally Aiken at >100 km inland. Satellite based estimates of the percentages of onshore penetration distances from the coast are depicted. Wind vectors and air temperatures associated with onsets and passages of the Sea Breeze display robust wind fields directed onshore perpendicular to the coastline. Kinematical descriptors of the Sea Breeze wind particle motions are presented and display coherent stable elliptical motions during the late summer to early fall but are absent during the winter.展开更多
A unique porcine extracellular matrix (ECM) derived injectable tissue construct with 100 nm or 20 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNP) was developed for musculoskeletal tissue engineering applications. ECM has been shown to e...A unique porcine extracellular matrix (ECM) derived injectable tissue construct with 100 nm or 20 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNP) was developed for musculoskeletal tissue engineering applications. ECM has been shown to encourage cellularity and tissue remodeling due to its release of growth factors while AuNP have been shown to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Injectable tissue constructs were created by homogenizing decellularized porcine diaphragm tendon conjugated with 100 nm or 20 nm AuNP at 1x, 4x, and 8x concentrations. Extrusion force testing demonstrated that homogenized tissue constructs were injectable at an appropriate cannula size and force. L-929 murine fibroblasts were used to measure cell viability, cell proliferation, intracellular ROS levels, and cell migration in response to constructs. Enhanced cell viability and proliferation are observed on 1 × 20 nm AuNP constructs. ROS assays demonstrate reduced cellular ROS concentrations from all 20 nm AuNP constructs and from 8 × 100 nm AuNP constructs compared with constructs without nanoparticles. Cellular migration is higher towards 4 × 20 nm AuNP constructs compared with constructs without nanoparticles. Results support the potential use of a porcine ECM derived injectable tissue construct with AuNP as an injectable tissue construct to reduce inflammation and to promote tissue remodeling in musculoskeletal tissue engineering applications.展开更多
AIMTo determine the effect of overexpression of fibrinogen-like protein 2 (FGL2) on regulatory T cell (Treg) and effector T (Teff) cell function on T cell-induced colitis in Rag1<sup>-/-</sup> mice.METHODS...AIMTo determine the effect of overexpression of fibrinogen-like protein 2 (FGL2) on regulatory T cell (Treg) and effector T (Teff) cell function on T cell-induced colitis in Rag1<sup>-/-</sup> mice.METHODSTreg and Teff cells from fgl2<sup>-/-</sup>, fgl2<sup>+/+</sup>, and fgl2<sup>Tg</sup> mice were purified by FACS. They were studied in vitro for immunosuppressive activity and cell proliferation and in vivo for their effects on the development and prevention of T cell-induced colitis in Rag1<sup>-/-</sup> mice.RESULTSIn vitro, fgl2<sup>Tg</sup> Treg had enhanced immunosuppressive activity, and fgl2<sup>Tg</sup> Teff had reduced proliferation to alloantigen stimulation. Transfer of Teff from C57Bl/6J mice (fgl2<sup>+/+</sup>) into Rag1<sup>-/-</sup> mice produced both clinical and histologic colitis with dense infiltrates of CD3<sup>+</sup> T cells, crypt abscesses and loss of goblet cells. Fgl2<sup>Tg</sup> Treg prevented the development of T cell-induced colitis, whereas fgl2<sup>+/+</sup> and fgl2<sup>-/-</sup> Treg were only partially protective. In mice that received fgl2<sup>Tg</sup> Treg, the ratio of Foxp3<sup>+</sup> to CD3<sup>+</sup> cells was increased both in the colon and in mesenteric lymph nodes, and Teff cell proliferation as determined by staining with Ki67 was reduced. Teff cells from fgl2<sup>Tg</sup> mice did not produce colitis.CONCLUSIONHere we show that fgl2<sup>Tg</sup> Teff are hypoproliferative and do not induce colitis. We further demonstrate that fgl2<sup>Tg</sup> Treg prevent colitis in contrast to fgl2<sup>+/+</sup> Treg, which were only partially protective. These studies collectively provide a rationale for exploring the use of FGL2 or Treg expressing high levels of FGL2 in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.展开更多
Many patients prioritize the ability to return to sports following shoulder replacement surgeries, including total shoulder arthroplasty(TSA), reverse total shoulder arthroplasty(RTSA), and hemiarthroplasty(HA). While...Many patients prioritize the ability to return to sports following shoulder replacement surgeries, including total shoulder arthroplasty(TSA), reverse total shoulder arthroplasty(RTSA), and hemiarthroplasty(HA). While activity levels after hip and knee replacements have been well-established in the literature, studies on this topic in the field of shoulder arthroplasty are relatively limited. A review of the literature regarding athletic activity after shoulder arthroplasty was performed using the PubMed database. All studies relevant to shoulder arthroplasty and return to sport were included. The majority of patients returned to their prior level of activity within six months following TSA, RTSA, and shoulder HA.Noncontact, low demand activities are permitted by most surgeons postoperatively and generally have higher return rates than contact sports or high-demand activities. In some series, patients reported an improvement in their ability to participate in sports following the arthroplasty procedure. The rates of return to sports following TSA(75%-100%) are slightly higher than those reported for HA(67%-76%) and RTSA(75%-85%). Patients undergoing TSA, RTSA, and shoulder HA should be counseled that there is a high probability that they will be able to return to their preoperative activity level within six months postoperatively. TSA has been associated with higher rates of return to sports than RTSA and HA,although this may reflect differences in patient population or surgical indication.展开更多
BEPS 2.0 is set to have a profound effect on the Belt and Road jurisdic-tions’ tax certainty environment. In the initial stage, a heightening of tax uncertainty can be envisioned, though in the longer term there is r...BEPS 2.0 is set to have a profound effect on the Belt and Road jurisdic-tions’ tax certainty environment. In the initial stage, a heightening of tax uncertainty can be envisioned, though in the longer term there is reason to be optimistic that a new and more certain BRI tax environment will emerge, in which the BRITACOM can play a crucial role.展开更多
Older adult falls are a significant public health problem,but one that is amenable to preventive interventions.1,2 Despite the progress made in identifying risk factors,developing efficacious health-related interventi...Older adult falls are a significant public health problem,but one that is amenable to preventive interventions.1,2 Despite the progress made in identifying risk factors,developing efficacious health-related interventions,and promoting evidencebased programs in the community,much work remains before these strategies are broadly available and effectively used to reduce fall-related injuries.3 As Newton and ScottFindlay4 have pointed out,the translation of basic scientific knowledge into clinical studies,and the transformation of clinical studies into improvements in health services and public health practices,remain major obstacles to widespread adoption.展开更多
The OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework(IF)on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting(BEPS)has substantially finalized the model rules and much of the guidance for the so-called“Pillar 2”global minimum tax,while work continues on...The OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework(IF)on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting(BEPS)has substantially finalized the model rules and much of the guidance for the so-called“Pillar 2”global minimum tax,while work continues on the so-called“Pillar 1”new taxing rights for market jurisdictions.As many BRI jurisdictions are among the 141 IF members,there is value in starting to consider the long-term implications of the new global tax system,and the extent to which the Belt and Road Initiative Tax Administration Cooperation Mechanism(BRITACOM),through the four core work areas of the Nur-Sultan Action Plan(2022-2024),can contribute to ensuring that BRI jurisdictions manage the transition for maximum benefit.展开更多
卒中影像学研究组（StrokeImagingResearchGroup，STIR）、美国神经放射学学会和美国神经放射学学会基金会在过去1年多的时间时举办了一系列的工作会议，最后一次会议于2013年3月9日至10日在华盛顿召开的卒中治疗专业学术圆桌会议（Stro...卒中影像学研究组（StrokeImagingResearchGroup，STIR）、美国神经放射学学会和美国神经放射学学会基金会在过去1年多的时间时举办了一系列的工作会议，最后一次会议于2013年3月9日至10日在华盛顿召开的卒中治疗专业学术圆桌会议（Stroke Treatment Academy Industry Roundtable，STAIR）期间举行。展开更多
Over the past few years, the Utah Department of Transportation has developed the signal performance metrics （SPMs） system to evaluate the performance of signalized in- tersections dynamically. This system currently ...Over the past few years, the Utah Department of Transportation has developed the signal performance metrics （SPMs） system to evaluate the performance of signalized in- tersections dynamically. This system currently provides data summaries for several per- formance measures, one of them being turning movement counts collected by microwave sensors. As this system became public, there was a need to evaluate the accuracy of the data placed on the SPMs. A large-scale data collection was carried out to meet this need. Vehicles in the Hi-resolution data from microwave sensors were matched with the vehicles by ground-truth volume count data. Matching vehicles from the microwave sensor data and the ground-truth data manually collected required significant effort, A spreadsheet- based data analysis procedure was developed to carry out the task. A mixed model analysis of variance was used to analyze the effects of the factors considered on turning volume count accuracy. The analysis found that approach volume level and number of approach lanes would have significant effect on the accuracy of turning volume counts but the location of the sensors did not significantly affect the accuracy of turning volume counts. In addition, it was found that the location of lanes in relation to the sensor did not significantly affect the accuracy of lane-by-lane volume counts. This indicated that accu- racy analysis could be performed by using total approach volumes without comparing specific turning counts, that is, left-turn, through and right-turn movements. In general, the accuracy of approach volume counts collected by microwave sensors were within the margin of error that traffic engineers could accept. The procedure taken to perform the analysis and a summary of accuracy of volume counts for the factor combinations considered are presented in this paper.展开更多
A novel approach was developed to reduce the corrosion rate of magnesium(Mg)metal,utilising titanate coatings.Magnetron sputtering was used to deposit ca.500 nm titanium(Ti)coatings onto pure Mg discs,followed by hydr...A novel approach was developed to reduce the corrosion rate of magnesium(Mg)metal,utilising titanate coatings.Magnetron sputtering was used to deposit ca.500 nm titanium(Ti)coatings onto pure Mg discs,followed by hydrothermal conversion and ion exchange reactions to produce sodium and calcium titanate coatings.SEM confirmed the characteristic nanoporous structure of sodium and calcium titanate,with thicknesses ranging from ca.0.8 to 1.4μm.XPS analysis confirmed the presence of Ti^(4+)-O,Na-O,and Ca-O bonding,whilst Raman spectroscopy demonstrated characteristic vibrational modes(such as TiO 6 octahedral vibrations)of the sodium and calcium titanate perovskite structure.Furthermore,corrosion studies through potentiodynamic polarisation measurements demonstrated the NB/NH CaTC samples to be superior in reducing Mg degradation,compared to other samples tested,through an increase in E_(corr)from-1.49 to-1.33 V,and the reduction in corrosion current density,i corr,from 0.31 to 0.06 mA/cm^(2)for Mg and NB/NH CaTC samples,respectively.There was a clear trend noted for the NB/NH samples,which showed an increase in E corr to more positive values in the following order:Mg<Ti coated<NaTC<CaTC.These nanoporous titanate coatings have potential to be applied onto degradable plates for bone fracture fixation,or other orthopaedic applications.展开更多
The active components associated with the bio-designer drugs known variously as “Spice” or “K2” have rapidly gained in popularity among recreational users, forcing the United States Drug Enforcement Administration...The active components associated with the bio-designer drugs known variously as “Spice” or “K2” have rapidly gained in popularity among recreational users, forcing the United States Drug Enforcement Administration to classify these compounds as Schedule I drugs in the Spring of 2011. However, although there is some information about many of the synthetic cannabinoids used in Spice products, little is known about the consequences of the main constituent, (1-pentyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole;JWH-018), on neuropsychological development or behavior. In the present experiment, adolescent rats were given repeated injections of either saline or 100 μg/kg of JWH-018. Once the animals were 75 days of age, they were trained using tasks with spatial components of various levels of difficulty and a spatial learning set task. On early trials with water maze tasks of varying difficulty, the JWH-018 treated rats were impaired relative to controls. However, by the end of each phase of testing, drug and control animals were comparable, although on probe trials the drug-treated animals spent significantly less time in the target quadrant. In addition, the performance of the drug-treated rats was inferior to that of the control animals on a learning set task, suggesting some difficulty in adapting their responses to changing task demands. The results suggest that chronic exposure to this potent cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist during adolescence is capable of producing a variety of subtle changes affecting spatial learning and memory performance in adulthood, well after the drug exposure period.展开更多
Schwarzschild objects are not black holes. They are the brightest objects in the universe. Classical Relativity equations are simplistic as they only use values observed from an undistorted viewpoint. The general rela...Schwarzschild objects are not black holes. They are the brightest objects in the universe. Classical Relativity equations are simplistic as they only use values observed from an undistorted viewpoint. The general relativity distortion slows gravitons, reducing the force they exert. Hence, distortion limits escape velocity to c, similar to special relativity. The slow atomic structure of bosons and elements decays rapidly, and their energy increases the matter particle’s velocity. The lower the atomic weight, the greater the speed, which matches the EM signature of hydrogen that escapes in the most significant amount. This study shows that the distortion is always mathematically real and never imaginary.展开更多
There are parallels between the time distortion equations of General and Special Relativity. The time distortion in Special Relativity limits the “Real” velocity of a particle to the speed of light |c| by slowing th...There are parallels between the time distortion equations of General and Special Relativity. The time distortion in Special Relativity limits the “Real” velocity of a particle to the speed of light |c| by slowing the velocity of bosons/energy and increasing the mass of fermion||lepton (or matter) particles. In General Relativity, the gravitational slowdown of bosons/gravitons limits the escape velocity |v <sub>Esc</sub>| to light speed. |v Esc = (2GM/r)<sup>0.5</sup></sub>| can also be written as |v <sub>Esc</sub>2 </sup>= 2GM/r|. So an alternate grammar for the equation could be The above contests currently held properties of Schwarzschild Objects. Relativistic theory predicts the slowdown of gravitons/bosons, while their velocity only approaches zero. The different mathe-matical logic of Gravitational Force ||GF|</sub>| GF = GMm/r<sup>2 </sup>would mean no limit on the force. Matter formed through compression of bosons can escape after formation by absorbing kinetic energy from the slowing photons/bosons in its surroundings. So matter formation can occur via a steady-state mechanism. The limit on v Esc</sub> allows matter to escape in events that parallel both the Big Bang and Cyclic cosmology. Additional arguments are made as to the validity of relativity.展开更多
Equations developed in this paper show the relationship between Real values measured from a Special Relativity Perspective with no Distortion [noSRPD] and the values measured from the same perspective when those value...Equations developed in this paper show the relationship between Real values measured from a Special Relativity Perspective with no Distortion [noSRPD] and the values measured from the same perspective when those values are distorted. Inverse equations using the values measured from distorted perspective [SRPD] are also reasoned. Equation logic proceeds from the original Real Time distortion equations from Einstein’s On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies. An alternate Time equation using the distorted velocity measured from a Relativistic Perspective is presented. Since the time distortion range is unlimited, velocity from a Relativistic Perspective can have an infinite value. Eight additional formulas for velocity, mass, time, and linear deformations are reasoned. Relativistic Perspective equations have confirmed consistency with Classic Relativity equations to 2000 significant digits for 37 velocity values ranging from 1.0E−500 m/s to (c −(1.0E−500) m/s.展开更多
There is an alternate cause for the decay rate defined by Edwin Hubble’s Cosmological Constant Theory. It can be proposed because inward motion is observed in the local Galaxies||Star groups around the Milky Way. The...There is an alternate cause for the decay rate defined by Edwin Hubble’s Cosmological Constant Theory. It can be proposed because inward motion is observed in the local Galaxies||Star groups around the Milky Way. The recession velocity of Galaxies farther out of is reasoned entirely from the increasing redshift in the frequency. The smaller the image of observed Galaxy/Cluster objects, the greater the downward shift in frequency of all Electro-Magnetic signals [EM]. An alternate cause for that downward shift could be through the absorption and re-emission through matter, leading to the absorption of some fraction of the energy quanta. There is nowhere in our Local Universe that is both absolutely devoid of matter and the continual formation of objects of all scales. If redshift was because of space expansion, it would increase the distance that signal had to travel. So a signal from GN-z11 stellar structure at 13.4 billion light years [LY] would take 13.4 billion years to travel. Assuming 13.8 billion years since the Big Bang would mean GN-z11 object travelled 13.4 billion LY in 400 million years. A current value for the Hubble constant is: H<sub>0</sub>=(67.8 ± 0.77) km s <sup>-1</sup> Mpc <sup>-1</sup> a frequency is shift of 67.8/c over a single Mpc. An alternate expression would be a shift factor 2.261560E-5 over a distance of 3.08567E22 m or a redshift of 7.32923E-28 over a metre because of passage through a medium. Dark matter is a currently accepted phenomenon. It is proposed that properties include redshift’s all normal matters that are put upon EM||Boson signals at the fraction stated above. The signal reduction|| frequency distortion happens at a quantum level for each occurrence, and so is not detectable until passage through millions of LY of Dark Matter. Support for this alternate supposition is reasoned from the fact that the M31 Galaxy and the NGC 300 Galaxy are at distances inconsistent with their Hubble recession velocity.展开更多
文摘This review summarizes the rapporteur report on advances in monitoring and forecasting of rainfall associated with tropical cyclones(TCs)and its impact during 2014–18,as presented to the 10th International Workshop on TCs(IWTC-10)held in Bali,Indonesia during 5th–9th December 2022.Major physical processes that can modulate TC rainfall distribution,including topography,storm motion,vertical wind shear,and intensity,along with the fundamental physics of rain bands and clouds as simulated by numerical models,diurnal variation of rainfall,and various synoptic and mesoscale features controlling the rainfall distribution are briefly discussed.Improvements to the dynamic core and physical processes in global models are providing useable forecasts nearly up to 7 days.This report also summarizes,some tools that have been developed to predict TC rainfall.Lately there is a tendency for operational forecasting centers to utilize multi-model ensemble systems for rainfall forecasting that demonstrate superior performance than individual models,ensemble members,or even single model ensembles.Major impacts include pluvial and fluvial floods,and landslides.The techniques developed by various forecasting centers to assist in predicting and communicating the impacts associated with these events are also presented in this report.
文摘The study presented herein is the analysis of Sodar based instrument measurements of air temperature, dew point, and vertical wind speed and direction, recorded at two South Carolina sites, Waties Island in North Myrtle Beach and in Sumter, and at three atmospheric ground stations. Two of the ground stations are National Weather Service stations near the Sodars and one is a Coastal Carolina University Sea-Econet, as a part of the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, MESO program, weather-sensor site on the Coastal Carolina University campus in Conway South Carolina. Objectives of this study are to establish specific values of winds, land and sea temperatures, precipitation and dew points associated with the changes induced by passages of the Sea Breeze Front, and to examine differences in the station-to-station incarnation of the Sea Breeze circulation. Variability from station to station in the nature and timing of Sea Breeze Front passage is found to be a function of relative proximity to the coast with Sea Breeze Front passage occurring earliest at the North Myrtle Beach site (the station at the coast), then at Sumter (~100 km inland) and finally Aiken at >100 km inland. Satellite based estimates of the percentages of onshore penetration distances from the coast are depicted. Wind vectors and air temperatures associated with onsets and passages of the Sea Breeze display robust wind fields directed onshore perpendicular to the coastline. Kinematical descriptors of the Sea Breeze wind particle motions are presented and display coherent stable elliptical motions during the late summer to early fall but are absent during the winter.
文摘A unique porcine extracellular matrix (ECM) derived injectable tissue construct with 100 nm or 20 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNP) was developed for musculoskeletal tissue engineering applications. ECM has been shown to encourage cellularity and tissue remodeling due to its release of growth factors while AuNP have been shown to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Injectable tissue constructs were created by homogenizing decellularized porcine diaphragm tendon conjugated with 100 nm or 20 nm AuNP at 1x, 4x, and 8x concentrations. Extrusion force testing demonstrated that homogenized tissue constructs were injectable at an appropriate cannula size and force. L-929 murine fibroblasts were used to measure cell viability, cell proliferation, intracellular ROS levels, and cell migration in response to constructs. Enhanced cell viability and proliferation are observed on 1 × 20 nm AuNP constructs. ROS assays demonstrate reduced cellular ROS concentrations from all 20 nm AuNP constructs and from 8 × 100 nm AuNP constructs compared with constructs without nanoparticles. Cellular migration is higher towards 4 × 20 nm AuNP constructs compared with constructs without nanoparticles. Results support the potential use of a porcine ECM derived injectable tissue construct with AuNP as an injectable tissue construct to reduce inflammation and to promote tissue remodeling in musculoskeletal tissue engineering applications.
基金Supported by the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada,No.G-13-0002851the Canadian Institutes of Health Research Training Program in Regenerative Medicine to Bartczak A and Chruscinski Athe Ontario Graduate Scholarship in Science and Technology to Bartczak A
文摘AIMTo determine the effect of overexpression of fibrinogen-like protein 2 (FGL2) on regulatory T cell (Treg) and effector T (Teff) cell function on T cell-induced colitis in Rag1<sup>-/-</sup> mice.METHODSTreg and Teff cells from fgl2<sup>-/-</sup>, fgl2<sup>+/+</sup>, and fgl2<sup>Tg</sup> mice were purified by FACS. They were studied in vitro for immunosuppressive activity and cell proliferation and in vivo for their effects on the development and prevention of T cell-induced colitis in Rag1<sup>-/-</sup> mice.RESULTSIn vitro, fgl2<sup>Tg</sup> Treg had enhanced immunosuppressive activity, and fgl2<sup>Tg</sup> Teff had reduced proliferation to alloantigen stimulation. Transfer of Teff from C57Bl/6J mice (fgl2<sup>+/+</sup>) into Rag1<sup>-/-</sup> mice produced both clinical and histologic colitis with dense infiltrates of CD3<sup>+</sup> T cells, crypt abscesses and loss of goblet cells. Fgl2<sup>Tg</sup> Treg prevented the development of T cell-induced colitis, whereas fgl2<sup>+/+</sup> and fgl2<sup>-/-</sup> Treg were only partially protective. In mice that received fgl2<sup>Tg</sup> Treg, the ratio of Foxp3<sup>+</sup> to CD3<sup>+</sup> cells was increased both in the colon and in mesenteric lymph nodes, and Teff cell proliferation as determined by staining with Ki67 was reduced. Teff cells from fgl2<sup>Tg</sup> mice did not produce colitis.CONCLUSIONHere we show that fgl2<sup>Tg</sup> Teff are hypoproliferative and do not induce colitis. We further demonstrate that fgl2<sup>Tg</sup> Treg prevent colitis in contrast to fgl2<sup>+/+</sup> Treg, which were only partially protective. These studies collectively provide a rationale for exploring the use of FGL2 or Treg expressing high levels of FGL2 in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
文摘Many patients prioritize the ability to return to sports following shoulder replacement surgeries, including total shoulder arthroplasty(TSA), reverse total shoulder arthroplasty(RTSA), and hemiarthroplasty(HA). While activity levels after hip and knee replacements have been well-established in the literature, studies on this topic in the field of shoulder arthroplasty are relatively limited. A review of the literature regarding athletic activity after shoulder arthroplasty was performed using the PubMed database. All studies relevant to shoulder arthroplasty and return to sport were included. The majority of patients returned to their prior level of activity within six months following TSA, RTSA, and shoulder HA.Noncontact, low demand activities are permitted by most surgeons postoperatively and generally have higher return rates than contact sports or high-demand activities. In some series, patients reported an improvement in their ability to participate in sports following the arthroplasty procedure. The rates of return to sports following TSA(75%-100%) are slightly higher than those reported for HA(67%-76%) and RTSA(75%-85%). Patients undergoing TSA, RTSA, and shoulder HA should be counseled that there is a high probability that they will be able to return to their preoperative activity level within six months postoperatively. TSA has been associated with higher rates of return to sports than RTSA and HA,although this may reflect differences in patient population or surgical indication.
文摘BEPS 2.0 is set to have a profound effect on the Belt and Road jurisdic-tions’ tax certainty environment. In the initial stage, a heightening of tax uncertainty can be envisioned, though in the longer term there is reason to be optimistic that a new and more certain BRI tax environment will emerge, in which the BRITACOM can play a crucial role.
文摘Older adult falls are a significant public health problem,but one that is amenable to preventive interventions.1,2 Despite the progress made in identifying risk factors,developing efficacious health-related interventions,and promoting evidencebased programs in the community,much work remains before these strategies are broadly available and effectively used to reduce fall-related injuries.3 As Newton and ScottFindlay4 have pointed out,the translation of basic scientific knowledge into clinical studies,and the transformation of clinical studies into improvements in health services and public health practices,remain major obstacles to widespread adoption.
文摘The OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework(IF)on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting(BEPS)has substantially finalized the model rules and much of the guidance for the so-called“Pillar 2”global minimum tax,while work continues on the so-called“Pillar 1”new taxing rights for market jurisdictions.As many BRI jurisdictions are among the 141 IF members,there is value in starting to consider the long-term implications of the new global tax system,and the extent to which the Belt and Road Initiative Tax Administration Cooperation Mechanism(BRITACOM),through the four core work areas of the Nur-Sultan Action Plan(2022-2024),can contribute to ensuring that BRI jurisdictions manage the transition for maximum benefit.
文摘卒中影像学研究组（StrokeImagingResearchGroup，STIR）、美国神经放射学学会和美国神经放射学学会基金会在过去1年多的时间时举办了一系列的工作会议，最后一次会议于2013年3月9日至10日在华盛顿召开的卒中治疗专业学术圆桌会议（Stroke Treatment Academy Industry Roundtable，STAIR）期间举行。
文摘Over the past few years, the Utah Department of Transportation has developed the signal performance metrics （SPMs） system to evaluate the performance of signalized in- tersections dynamically. This system currently provides data summaries for several per- formance measures, one of them being turning movement counts collected by microwave sensors. As this system became public, there was a need to evaluate the accuracy of the data placed on the SPMs. A large-scale data collection was carried out to meet this need. Vehicles in the Hi-resolution data from microwave sensors were matched with the vehicles by ground-truth volume count data. Matching vehicles from the microwave sensor data and the ground-truth data manually collected required significant effort, A spreadsheet- based data analysis procedure was developed to carry out the task. A mixed model analysis of variance was used to analyze the effects of the factors considered on turning volume count accuracy. The analysis found that approach volume level and number of approach lanes would have significant effect on the accuracy of turning volume counts but the location of the sensors did not significantly affect the accuracy of turning volume counts. In addition, it was found that the location of lanes in relation to the sensor did not significantly affect the accuracy of lane-by-lane volume counts. This indicated that accu- racy analysis could be performed by using total approach volumes without comparing specific turning counts, that is, left-turn, through and right-turn movements. In general, the accuracy of approach volume counts collected by microwave sensors were within the margin of error that traffic engineers could accept. The procedure taken to perform the analysis and a summary of accuracy of volume counts for the factor combinations considered are presented in this paper.
基金This work was supported by the Engineering and Physi-cal Sciences Research Council[grant numbers EP/K029592/1,EP/L022494/1].
文摘A novel approach was developed to reduce the corrosion rate of magnesium(Mg)metal,utilising titanate coatings.Magnetron sputtering was used to deposit ca.500 nm titanium(Ti)coatings onto pure Mg discs,followed by hydrothermal conversion and ion exchange reactions to produce sodium and calcium titanate coatings.SEM confirmed the characteristic nanoporous structure of sodium and calcium titanate,with thicknesses ranging from ca.0.8 to 1.4μm.XPS analysis confirmed the presence of Ti^(4+)-O,Na-O,and Ca-O bonding,whilst Raman spectroscopy demonstrated characteristic vibrational modes(such as TiO 6 octahedral vibrations)of the sodium and calcium titanate perovskite structure.Furthermore,corrosion studies through potentiodynamic polarisation measurements demonstrated the NB/NH CaTC samples to be superior in reducing Mg degradation,compared to other samples tested,through an increase in E_(corr)from-1.49 to-1.33 V,and the reduction in corrosion current density,i corr,from 0.31 to 0.06 mA/cm^(2)for Mg and NB/NH CaTC samples,respectively.There was a clear trend noted for the NB/NH samples,which showed an increase in E corr to more positive values in the following order:Mg<Ti coated<NaTC<CaTC.These nanoporous titanate coatings have potential to be applied onto degradable plates for bone fracture fixation,or other orthopaedic applications.
文摘The active components associated with the bio-designer drugs known variously as “Spice” or “K2” have rapidly gained in popularity among recreational users, forcing the United States Drug Enforcement Administration to classify these compounds as Schedule I drugs in the Spring of 2011. However, although there is some information about many of the synthetic cannabinoids used in Spice products, little is known about the consequences of the main constituent, (1-pentyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole;JWH-018), on neuropsychological development or behavior. In the present experiment, adolescent rats were given repeated injections of either saline or 100 μg/kg of JWH-018. Once the animals were 75 days of age, they were trained using tasks with spatial components of various levels of difficulty and a spatial learning set task. On early trials with water maze tasks of varying difficulty, the JWH-018 treated rats were impaired relative to controls. However, by the end of each phase of testing, drug and control animals were comparable, although on probe trials the drug-treated animals spent significantly less time in the target quadrant. In addition, the performance of the drug-treated rats was inferior to that of the control animals on a learning set task, suggesting some difficulty in adapting their responses to changing task demands. The results suggest that chronic exposure to this potent cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist during adolescence is capable of producing a variety of subtle changes affecting spatial learning and memory performance in adulthood, well after the drug exposure period.
文摘Schwarzschild objects are not black holes. They are the brightest objects in the universe. Classical Relativity equations are simplistic as they only use values observed from an undistorted viewpoint. The general relativity distortion slows gravitons, reducing the force they exert. Hence, distortion limits escape velocity to c, similar to special relativity. The slow atomic structure of bosons and elements decays rapidly, and their energy increases the matter particle’s velocity. The lower the atomic weight, the greater the speed, which matches the EM signature of hydrogen that escapes in the most significant amount. This study shows that the distortion is always mathematically real and never imaginary.
文摘There are parallels between the time distortion equations of General and Special Relativity. The time distortion in Special Relativity limits the “Real” velocity of a particle to the speed of light |c| by slowing the velocity of bosons/energy and increasing the mass of fermion||lepton (or matter) particles. In General Relativity, the gravitational slowdown of bosons/gravitons limits the escape velocity |v <sub>Esc</sub>| to light speed. |v Esc = (2GM/r)<sup>0.5</sup></sub>| can also be written as |v <sub>Esc</sub>2 </sup>= 2GM/r|. So an alternate grammar for the equation could be The above contests currently held properties of Schwarzschild Objects. Relativistic theory predicts the slowdown of gravitons/bosons, while their velocity only approaches zero. The different mathe-matical logic of Gravitational Force ||GF|</sub>| GF = GMm/r<sup>2 </sup>would mean no limit on the force. Matter formed through compression of bosons can escape after formation by absorbing kinetic energy from the slowing photons/bosons in its surroundings. So matter formation can occur via a steady-state mechanism. The limit on v Esc</sub> allows matter to escape in events that parallel both the Big Bang and Cyclic cosmology. Additional arguments are made as to the validity of relativity.
文摘Equations developed in this paper show the relationship between Real values measured from a Special Relativity Perspective with no Distortion [noSRPD] and the values measured from the same perspective when those values are distorted. Inverse equations using the values measured from distorted perspective [SRPD] are also reasoned. Equation logic proceeds from the original Real Time distortion equations from Einstein’s On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies. An alternate Time equation using the distorted velocity measured from a Relativistic Perspective is presented. Since the time distortion range is unlimited, velocity from a Relativistic Perspective can have an infinite value. Eight additional formulas for velocity, mass, time, and linear deformations are reasoned. Relativistic Perspective equations have confirmed consistency with Classic Relativity equations to 2000 significant digits for 37 velocity values ranging from 1.0E−500 m/s to (c −(1.0E−500) m/s.
文摘There is an alternate cause for the decay rate defined by Edwin Hubble’s Cosmological Constant Theory. It can be proposed because inward motion is observed in the local Galaxies||Star groups around the Milky Way. The recession velocity of Galaxies farther out of is reasoned entirely from the increasing redshift in the frequency. The smaller the image of observed Galaxy/Cluster objects, the greater the downward shift in frequency of all Electro-Magnetic signals [EM]. An alternate cause for that downward shift could be through the absorption and re-emission through matter, leading to the absorption of some fraction of the energy quanta. There is nowhere in our Local Universe that is both absolutely devoid of matter and the continual formation of objects of all scales. If redshift was because of space expansion, it would increase the distance that signal had to travel. So a signal from GN-z11 stellar structure at 13.4 billion light years [LY] would take 13.4 billion years to travel. Assuming 13.8 billion years since the Big Bang would mean GN-z11 object travelled 13.4 billion LY in 400 million years. A current value for the Hubble constant is: H<sub>0</sub>=(67.8 ± 0.77) km s <sup>-1</sup> Mpc <sup>-1</sup> a frequency is shift of 67.8/c over a single Mpc. An alternate expression would be a shift factor 2.261560E-5 over a distance of 3.08567E22 m or a redshift of 7.32923E-28 over a metre because of passage through a medium. Dark matter is a currently accepted phenomenon. It is proposed that properties include redshift’s all normal matters that are put upon EM||Boson signals at the fraction stated above. The signal reduction|| frequency distortion happens at a quantum level for each occurrence, and so is not detectable until passage through millions of LY of Dark Matter. Support for this alternate supposition is reasoned from the fact that the M31 Galaxy and the NGC 300 Galaxy are at distances inconsistent with their Hubble recession velocity.
