The incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC)has exponentially increased in recent years.Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma(PTMC)accounts for the majority of the reported cases of PTC.The debates and crucial issues ...The incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC)has exponentially increased in recent years.Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma(PTMC)accounts for the majority of the reported cases of PTC.The debates and crucial issues in PTMC management have received researchers'attention.To further improve the clinical management of PTMC in China,展开更多
Successful human pregnancy requires the maternal immune system to recognize and tolerate the semi-allogeneic fetus. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells （MDSCs）, which are capable of inhibiting T-cell responses, are hig...Successful human pregnancy requires the maternal immune system to recognize and tolerate the semi-allogeneic fetus. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells （MDSCs）, which are capable of inhibiting T-cell responses, are highly increased in the early stages of pregnancy. Although recent reports indicate a role for MDSCs in fetal-maternal tolerance, little is known about the expansion of MDSCs during pregnancy. In the present study, we demonstrated that the trophoblast cell line HTR8/SVneo could instruct peripheral CD14＋ myelomonocytic cells toward a novel subpopulation of MDSCs, denoted as CD 14 ＋ H LA-DR-/=~w cells, with suppressive activity and increased expression of I DO 1, ARG- 1, a nd COX2. After interaction with HTR8/SVneo cells, CD14＋ myelomonocytic cells secrete high levels of CCL2, promoting the expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. We utilized a neutralizing monoclonal antibody to reveal the prominent role of CCL2 in the induction of CD14＋HLA-DR-/low MDSCs. In combination, the results of the present study support a novel role for the cross-talk between the trophoblast cell line HTR8/SVneo and maternal CD14＋ myelomonocytic cells in initiating MDSCs induction, prompting a tolerogenic immune response to ensure a successful pregnancy.展开更多
Objectives:To evaluate the characteristics and work-up of small to intermediate-sized pulmonary nodules in a Chinese dedicated cancer hospital.Methods:Patients with pulmonary nodules 4–25 mm in diameter detected via ...Objectives:To evaluate the characteristics and work-up of small to intermediate-sized pulmonary nodules in a Chinese dedicated cancer hospital.Methods:Patients with pulmonary nodules 4–25 mm in diameter detected via computed tomography(CT)in 2013 were consecutively included.The analysis was restricted to patients with a histological nodule diagnosis or a 2-year follow-up period without nodule growth confirming benign disease.Patient information was collected from hospital records.Results:Among the 314 nodules examined in 299 patients,212(67.5%)nodules in 206(68.9%)patients were malignant.Compared to benign nodules,malignant nodules were larger(18.0 mm vs.12.5 mm,P<0.001),more often partly solid(16.0%vs.4.7%,P<0.001)and more often spiculated(72.2%vs.41.2%,P<0.001),with higher density in contrast-enhanced CT(67.0 HU vs.57.5 HU,P=0.015).Final diagnosis was based on surgery in 232 out of 314(73.9%)nodules,166 of which were identified as malignant[30(18.1%)stage III or IV]and 66 as benign.In 36 nodules(11.5%),diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy and the remainder verified based on stability of nodule size at follow-up imaging(n=46,14.6%).Among 65 nodules subjected to gene(EGFR)mutation analyses,28(43.1%)cases(EGFR19 n=13;EGFR21 n=15)were identified as EGFR mutant and 37(56.9%)as EGFR wild-type.Prior to surgery,the majority of patients[n=194(83.6%)]received a contrast-enhanced CT scan for staging of both malignant[n=140(84.3%)]and benign[n=54(81.8%)]nodules.Usage of positron emission tomography(PET)-CT was relatively uncommon[n=38(16.4%)].Conclusions:CT-derived nodule assessment assists in diagnosis of small to intermediate-sized malignant pulmonary nodules.Currently,contrast-enhanced CT is commonly used as the sole diagnostic confirmation technique for pre-surgical staging,often resulting in surgery for late-stage disease and unnecessary surgery in cases of benign nodules.展开更多
Accidents in engineered systems are usually generated by complex socio-technical factors.It is beneficial to investigate the increasing complexity and coupling of these factors from the perspective of system safety.Ba...Accidents in engineered systems are usually generated by complex socio-technical factors.It is beneficial to investigate the increasing complexity and coupling of these factors from the perspective of system safety.Based on system and control theories,System-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes(STAMP)is a widely recognized approach for accident analysis.In this paper,we propose a STAMP-Game model to analyze accidents in oil and gas storage and transportation systems.Stakeholders in accident analysis by STAMP can be regarded as players of a game.Game theory can,thus,be adopted in accident analysis to depict the competition and cooperation between stakeholders.Subsequently,we established a game model to study the strategies of both supervisory and supervised entities.The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed game model allows for identifying the effectiveness deficiency of the supervisory entity,and the safety and protection altitudes of the supervised entity.The STAMP-Game model can generate quantitative parameters for supporting the behavior and strategy selections of the supervisory and supervised entities.The quantitative data obtained can be used to guide the safety improvement,to reduce the costs of safety regulation violation and accident risk.展开更多
Commonly used flow improvers in oilfields,such as ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer(EVA),poly(octadecyl acrylate)(POA),and polymethylsilsesquioxane(PMSQ)are proven to be effective to enhance the flowability of crude o...Commonly used flow improvers in oilfields,such as ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer(EVA),poly(octadecyl acrylate)(POA),and polymethylsilsesquioxane(PMSQ)are proven to be effective to enhance the flowability of crude oil.However,the addition of these flow improvers may change the stability of the emulsion and make the crude oil treatment process challenging.In this research,the impacts of different flow improvers on the interfacial properties of the emulsions containing asphaltenes are systematically investigated.The co-adsorption behaviors of the flow improvers and asphaltenes are analyzed through dynamic interfacial tension(DIFT).The rheological properties of the interfacial layer after the adsorption are explored via dilational viscoelasticity.Significant difference is observed in the structural properties of the interface adsorbed by different flow improvers,which is attributed to different interactions between the flow improvers and asphaltenes.To investigate these interactions,conductivity,asphaltenes precipitation,dynamic light scattering(DLS),and contact angle experiments are conducted systematically.Results show that EVA and POA can alter the interfacial properties by changing the asphaltene dispersion state.The interaction between EVA and asphaltenes is stronger than that between POA and asphaltenes due to the difference in molecular structures.Unlike EVA and POA,the change of interfacial property with the addition of PMSQ is attributed to the partial adsorption of asphaltenes on PMSQ.展开更多
Background.During the COVID-19 pandemic,mental health concerns(such as fear and loneliness)have been actively discussed on social media.We aim to examine mental health discussions on Twitter during the COVID-19 pandem...Background.During the COVID-19 pandemic,mental health concerns(such as fear and loneliness)have been actively discussed on social media.We aim to examine mental health discussions on Twitter during the COVID-19 pandemic in the US and infer the demographic composition of Twitter users who had mental health concerns.Methods.COVID-19-related tweets from March 5th,2020,to January 31st,2021,were collected through Twitter streaming API using keywords(i.e.,“corona,”“covid19,”and“covid”).By further filtering using keywords(i.e.,“depress,”“failure,”and“hopeless”),we extracted mental health-related tweets from the US.Topic modeling using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation model was conducted to monitor users’discussions surrounding mental health concerns.Deep learning algorithms were performed to infer the demographic composition of Twitter users who had mental health concerns during the pandemic.Results.We observed a positive correlation between mental health concerns on Twitter and the COVID-19 pandemic in the US.Topic modeling showed that“stay-at-home,”“death poll,”and“politics and policy”were the most popular topics in COVID-19 mental health tweets.Among Twitter users who had mental health concerns during the pandemic,Males,White,and 30-49 age group people were more likely to express mental health concerns.In addition,Twitter users from the east and west coast had more mental health concerns.Conclusions.The COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on mental health concerns on Twitter in the US.Certain groups of people(such as Males and White)were more likely to have mental health concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic.展开更多
The investigation on damages to frozen soil sites during the West Kunlun Mountains Pass earthquake with M S 8.1 in 2001 shows that the frozen soil in the seismic area is composed mainly of moraine, alluvial deposit, d...The investigation on damages to frozen soil sites during the West Kunlun Mountains Pass earthquake with M S 8.1 in 2001 shows that the frozen soil in the seismic area is composed mainly of moraine, alluvial deposit, diluvial deposit and lacustrine deposit with the depth varying greatly along the earthquake rupture zone. The deformation and rupture of frozen soil sites are mainly in the form of coseismic fracture zones caused by tectonic motion and fissures, liquefaction, seismic subsidence and collapse resulting from ground motion. The earthquake fracture zones on the surface are main brittle deformations, which, under the effect of sinistral strike-slip movement, are represented by shear fissures, tensional cracks and compressive bulges. The distribution and configuration patterns of deformation and rupture such as fissures, liquefaction, seismic subsidence and landslides are all related to the ambient rock and soil conditions of the earthquake area. The distribution of earthquake damage is characterized by large-scale rupture zones, rapid intensity attenuation along the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Highway, where buildings distribute and predominant effect of rock and soil conditions.展开更多
In order to comprehensively evaluate the environmental impact of multi-media mercury pollution under differentiated emission control strategies in China,a literature review and case studies were carried out.Increased ...In order to comprehensively evaluate the environmental impact of multi-media mercury pollution under differentiated emission control strategies in China,a literature review and case studies were carried out.Increased human exposure to methylmercury was assessed through the dietary intake of residents in areas surrounding a typical coal-fired power plant and a zinc(Zn)smelter,located either on acid soil with paddy growth in southern China,or on alkaline soil with wheat growth in northern China.Combined with knowledge on speciated mercury in flue gas and the fate of mercury in the wastewater or solid waste of the typical emitters applying different air pollution control devices,a simplified model was developed by estimating the incremental daily intake of methylmercury from both local and global pollution.Results indicated that air pollution control for coal-fired power plants and Zn smelters can greatly reduce health risks from mercury pollution,mainly through a reduction in global methylmercury exposure,but could unfortunately induce local methylmercury exposure by transferring more mercury from flue gas to wastewater or solid waste,then contaminating surrounding soil,and thus increasing dietary intake via crops.Therefore,tightening air emission control is conducive to reducing the comprehensive health risk,while the environmental equity between local and global pollution control should be fully considered.Rice in the south tends to have higher bioconcentration factors than wheat in the north,implying the great importance of strengthening local pollution control in the south,especially for Zn smelters with higher contribution to local pollution.展开更多
In this paper,we study the propagation properties of surface plasmon polaritons in plasmonic single-cavity superlattices and two-cavity superlattices which are composed of two kinds of alternately stacked subwavelengt...In this paper,we study the propagation properties of surface plasmon polaritons in plasmonic single-cavity superlattices and two-cavity superlattices which are composed of two kinds of alternately stacked subwavelength metal-dielectric-air waveguides with large dispersion.Theoretical predictions of plasmonic time-resolved Bloch oscillations existing in single-cavity superlat-tices and resonant Zener tunneling（ZT） occurring in two-cavity superlattices by the transfer matrix method（TMM） are well dem-onstrated by the numerical simulations on the propagation of SPPs pulse in the two kinds of superlattices by the finite-difference time-domain（FDTD） method.The two proposed superlattices can be conveniently fabricated by present nanotechnology,and the study may promote the realization of plasmonic BO and resonant ZT in nanoscale devices experimentally.展开更多
Based on IEC standards and Chinese national standards of sintered NdFeB materials, in the paper the hightemperature, room-temperature properties and thermal stability of about one hundred samples of NdFeB materials fo...Based on IEC standards and Chinese national standards of sintered NdFeB materials, in the paper the hightemperature, room-temperature properties and thermal stability of about one hundred samples of NdFeB materials for electrical machines were measured and analyzed.These materials are produced by ten representative manufactories in China.Combined with the analysis results, the paper points out that the magnetic properties of sintered NdFeB materials for electrical machines should meet not only the specific values in standards, such as Br, (BH)max ,HcJ ,but also the requirement of temperature coefficients a (Br) , a (HcJ).展开更多
文摘The incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC)has exponentially increased in recent years.Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma(PTMC)accounts for the majority of the reported cases of PTC.The debates and crucial issues in PTMC management have received researchers'attention.To further improve the clinical management of PTMC in China,
文摘Successful human pregnancy requires the maternal immune system to recognize and tolerate the semi-allogeneic fetus. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells （MDSCs）, which are capable of inhibiting T-cell responses, are highly increased in the early stages of pregnancy. Although recent reports indicate a role for MDSCs in fetal-maternal tolerance, little is known about the expansion of MDSCs during pregnancy. In the present study, we demonstrated that the trophoblast cell line HTR8/SVneo could instruct peripheral CD14＋ myelomonocytic cells toward a novel subpopulation of MDSCs, denoted as CD 14 ＋ H LA-DR-/=~w cells, with suppressive activity and increased expression of I DO 1, ARG- 1, a nd COX2. After interaction with HTR8/SVneo cells, CD14＋ myelomonocytic cells secrete high levels of CCL2, promoting the expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. We utilized a neutralizing monoclonal antibody to reveal the prominent role of CCL2 in the induction of CD14＋HLA-DR-/low MDSCs. In combination, the results of the present study support a novel role for the cross-talk between the trophoblast cell line HTR8/SVneo and maternal CD14＋ myelomonocytic cells in initiating MDSCs induction, prompting a tolerogenic immune response to ensure a successful pregnancy.
基金supported by a grant from the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences(Grant No.PSA_SA_BD_01)Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China,National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2016YFE0103000)。
文摘Objectives:To evaluate the characteristics and work-up of small to intermediate-sized pulmonary nodules in a Chinese dedicated cancer hospital.Methods:Patients with pulmonary nodules 4–25 mm in diameter detected via computed tomography(CT)in 2013 were consecutively included.The analysis was restricted to patients with a histological nodule diagnosis or a 2-year follow-up period without nodule growth confirming benign disease.Patient information was collected from hospital records.Results:Among the 314 nodules examined in 299 patients,212(67.5%)nodules in 206(68.9%)patients were malignant.Compared to benign nodules,malignant nodules were larger(18.0 mm vs.12.5 mm,P<0.001),more often partly solid(16.0%vs.4.7%,P<0.001)and more often spiculated(72.2%vs.41.2%,P<0.001),with higher density in contrast-enhanced CT(67.0 HU vs.57.5 HU,P=0.015).Final diagnosis was based on surgery in 232 out of 314(73.9%)nodules,166 of which were identified as malignant[30(18.1%)stage III or IV]and 66 as benign.In 36 nodules(11.5%),diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy and the remainder verified based on stability of nodule size at follow-up imaging(n=46,14.6%).Among 65 nodules subjected to gene(EGFR)mutation analyses,28(43.1%)cases(EGFR19 n=13;EGFR21 n=15)were identified as EGFR mutant and 37(56.9%)as EGFR wild-type.Prior to surgery,the majority of patients[n=194(83.6%)]received a contrast-enhanced CT scan for staging of both malignant[n=140(84.3%)]and benign[n=54(81.8%)]nodules.Usage of positron emission tomography(PET)-CT was relatively uncommon[n=38(16.4%)].Conclusions:CT-derived nodule assessment assists in diagnosis of small to intermediate-sized malignant pulmonary nodules.Currently,contrast-enhanced CT is commonly used as the sole diagnostic confirmation technique for pre-surgical staging,often resulting in surgery for late-stage disease and unnecessary surgery in cases of benign nodules.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52004030)the R&D Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(Grant No.KM202310016003)the Exchange Program of High-end Foreign Experts of Ministry of Science and Technology,China(Grant No.G2022178013L)。
文摘Accidents in engineered systems are usually generated by complex socio-technical factors.It is beneficial to investigate the increasing complexity and coupling of these factors from the perspective of system safety.Based on system and control theories,System-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes(STAMP)is a widely recognized approach for accident analysis.In this paper,we propose a STAMP-Game model to analyze accidents in oil and gas storage and transportation systems.Stakeholders in accident analysis by STAMP can be regarded as players of a game.Game theory can,thus,be adopted in accident analysis to depict the competition and cooperation between stakeholders.Subsequently,we established a game model to study the strategies of both supervisory and supervised entities.The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed game model allows for identifying the effectiveness deficiency of the supervisory entity,and the safety and protection altitudes of the supervised entity.The STAMP-Game model can generate quantitative parameters for supporting the behavior and strategy selections of the supervisory and supervised entities.The quantitative data obtained can be used to guide the safety improvement,to reduce the costs of safety regulation violation and accident risk.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51704315)。
文摘Commonly used flow improvers in oilfields,such as ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer(EVA),poly(octadecyl acrylate)(POA),and polymethylsilsesquioxane(PMSQ)are proven to be effective to enhance the flowability of crude oil.However,the addition of these flow improvers may change the stability of the emulsion and make the crude oil treatment process challenging.In this research,the impacts of different flow improvers on the interfacial properties of the emulsions containing asphaltenes are systematically investigated.The co-adsorption behaviors of the flow improvers and asphaltenes are analyzed through dynamic interfacial tension(DIFT).The rheological properties of the interfacial layer after the adsorption are explored via dilational viscoelasticity.Significant difference is observed in the structural properties of the interface adsorbed by different flow improvers,which is attributed to different interactions between the flow improvers and asphaltenes.To investigate these interactions,conductivity,asphaltenes precipitation,dynamic light scattering(DLS),and contact angle experiments are conducted systematically.Results show that EVA and POA can alter the interfacial properties by changing the asphaltene dispersion state.The interaction between EVA and asphaltenes is stronger than that between POA and asphaltenes due to the difference in molecular structures.Unlike EVA and POA,the change of interfacial property with the addition of PMSQ is attributed to the partial adsorption of asphaltenes on PMSQ.
基金the University of Rochester CTSA award number UL1 TR002001 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health.
文摘Background.During the COVID-19 pandemic,mental health concerns(such as fear and loneliness)have been actively discussed on social media.We aim to examine mental health discussions on Twitter during the COVID-19 pandemic in the US and infer the demographic composition of Twitter users who had mental health concerns.Methods.COVID-19-related tweets from March 5th,2020,to January 31st,2021,were collected through Twitter streaming API using keywords(i.e.,“corona,”“covid19,”and“covid”).By further filtering using keywords(i.e.,“depress,”“failure,”and“hopeless”),we extracted mental health-related tweets from the US.Topic modeling using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation model was conducted to monitor users’discussions surrounding mental health concerns.Deep learning algorithms were performed to infer the demographic composition of Twitter users who had mental health concerns during the pandemic.Results.We observed a positive correlation between mental health concerns on Twitter and the COVID-19 pandemic in the US.Topic modeling showed that“stay-at-home,”“death poll,”and“politics and policy”were the most popular topics in COVID-19 mental health tweets.Among Twitter users who had mental health concerns during the pandemic,Males,White,and 30-49 age group people were more likely to express mental health concerns.In addition,Twitter users from the east and west coast had more mental health concerns.Conclusions.The COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on mental health concerns on Twitter in the US.Certain groups of people(such as Males and White)were more likely to have mental health concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic.
文摘The investigation on damages to frozen soil sites during the West Kunlun Mountains Pass earthquake with M S 8.1 in 2001 shows that the frozen soil in the seismic area is composed mainly of moraine, alluvial deposit, diluvial deposit and lacustrine deposit with the depth varying greatly along the earthquake rupture zone. The deformation and rupture of frozen soil sites are mainly in the form of coseismic fracture zones caused by tectonic motion and fissures, liquefaction, seismic subsidence and collapse resulting from ground motion. The earthquake fracture zones on the surface are main brittle deformations, which, under the effect of sinistral strike-slip movement, are represented by shear fissures, tensional cracks and compressive bulges. The distribution and configuration patterns of deformation and rupture such as fissures, liquefaction, seismic subsidence and landslides are all related to the ambient rock and soil conditions of the earthquake area. The distribution of earthquake damage is characterized by large-scale rupture zones, rapid intensity attenuation along the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Highway, where buildings distribute and predominant effect of rock and soil conditions.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(Nos.2019YFC0214800 and 2017YFC0210500)。
文摘In order to comprehensively evaluate the environmental impact of multi-media mercury pollution under differentiated emission control strategies in China,a literature review and case studies were carried out.Increased human exposure to methylmercury was assessed through the dietary intake of residents in areas surrounding a typical coal-fired power plant and a zinc(Zn)smelter,located either on acid soil with paddy growth in southern China,or on alkaline soil with wheat growth in northern China.Combined with knowledge on speciated mercury in flue gas and the fate of mercury in the wastewater or solid waste of the typical emitters applying different air pollution control devices,a simplified model was developed by estimating the incremental daily intake of methylmercury from both local and global pollution.Results indicated that air pollution control for coal-fired power plants and Zn smelters can greatly reduce health risks from mercury pollution,mainly through a reduction in global methylmercury exposure,but could unfortunately induce local methylmercury exposure by transferring more mercury from flue gas to wastewater or solid waste,then contaminating surrounding soil,and thus increasing dietary intake via crops.Therefore,tightening air emission control is conducive to reducing the comprehensive health risk,while the environmental equity between local and global pollution control should be fully considered.Rice in the south tends to have higher bioconcentration factors than wheat in the north,implying the great importance of strengthening local pollution control in the south,especially for Zn smelters with higher contribution to local pollution.
基金Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (1082007)the National Science Fund for Talent Training in Basic Science (J0830310)the Open Experiments Funds of Wuhan University
文摘In this paper,we study the propagation properties of surface plasmon polaritons in plasmonic single-cavity superlattices and two-cavity superlattices which are composed of two kinds of alternately stacked subwavelength metal-dielectric-air waveguides with large dispersion.Theoretical predictions of plasmonic time-resolved Bloch oscillations existing in single-cavity superlat-tices and resonant Zener tunneling（ZT） occurring in two-cavity superlattices by the transfer matrix method（TMM） are well dem-onstrated by the numerical simulations on the propagation of SPPs pulse in the two kinds of superlattices by the finite-difference time-domain（FDTD） method.The two proposed superlattices can be conveniently fabricated by present nanotechnology,and the study may promote the realization of plasmonic BO and resonant ZT in nanoscale devices experimentally.
文摘Based on IEC standards and Chinese national standards of sintered NdFeB materials, in the paper the hightemperature, room-temperature properties and thermal stability of about one hundred samples of NdFeB materials for electrical machines were measured and analyzed.These materials are produced by ten representative manufactories in China.Combined with the analysis results, the paper points out that the magnetic properties of sintered NdFeB materials for electrical machines should meet not only the specific values in standards, such as Br, (BH)max ,HcJ ,but also the requirement of temperature coefficients a (Br) , a (HcJ).
