AIM To observe the drug sensitizing effect andrelated mechanisms of fas gene transduction onhuman drug-resistant gastric cancer cellSGC7901/VCR(resistant to Vincristine).METHODS The cell cycle alteration wasobserved b...AIM To observe the drug sensitizing effect andrelated mechanisms of fas gene transduction onhuman drug-resistant gastric cancer cellSGC7901/VCR(resistant to Vincristine).METHODS The cell cycle alteration wasobserved by FACS.The sensitivity of gastriccancer cells to apoptosis was determined by invitro apoptosis assay.The drug sensitization ofcells to several anti-tumor drugs was observedby MTT assay.Immunochemical method wasused to show expression of P-gp and Topo Ⅱ ingastric cancer cells.RESULTS Comparing to SGC7901 and pBK-SGC7901/VCR,fas-SGC7901/VCR showeddecreasing G2 cells and increasing S cells,theG2 phase fraction of pBK-SGC7901/VCR wasabout 3.0 times that of fas-SGC7901/VCR,but Sphase fraction of fas-SGC7901/VCR was about1.9 times that of pBK-SGC7901/VCR,indicatingS phase arrest of fas-SGC7901/VCR.FACS alsosuggested apoptosis of fas-SGC7901/VCR,fas-SGC7901/VCR was more sensitive to apoptosisinducing agent VM-26 than pBK-SGC7901/VCR.MTT assay showed increased sensitization offas-SGC7901/VCR to DDP,MMC and 5-FU,butsame sensitization to VCR according to pBK-SGC7901/VCR.SGC7901,pBK-SGC7901/ VCRand fas-SGC7901/VCR had positively stainedTopo Ⅱ equally.P-gp staining in pBK- SGC7901/VCR was stronger than in SG07901,but there was little staining of P-gp in fas.SGC7901/VCR.CONCLUSION fas gene transduction couldreverse the MDR of human drug-resistant gastriccancer cell SGC7901/VCR to a degree,possiblybecause of higher sensitization to apoptosis anddecreased expression of P-gp.展开更多
AIM:To construct Hsp90 antisense RNA eukaryotic expression vector, transfect it into SGC7901 and SGC7901/VCR of MDR-type human gastric cancer cell lines, HCC7402 of human hepatic cancer and Ec109 of human esophageal c...AIM:To construct Hsp90 antisense RNA eukaryotic expression vector, transfect it into SGC7901 and SGC7901/VCR of MDR-type human gastric cancer cell lines, HCC7402 of human hepatic cancer and Ec109 of human esophageal cancer cell lines, and to study the cell cycle distribution of the gene transected cells and their response to chemotherapeutic drugs.METHODS:A 1.03kb cDNA sequence of Hsp90beta was obtained from the primary plasmid phHSP90 by EcoR I and BamH I nuclease digestion and was cloned to the EcoR I and BamH I site of the pcDNA by T4DNA ligase and an antisense orientation of Hsp90beta expression vector was constructed. The constructs were transfected with lipofectamine and positive clones were selected with G418. The expression of RNA was determined with dot blotting and RNase protection assay, and the expression of Hsp90 protein determined with western blot. Cell cycle distribution of the transfectants was analyzed with flow cytometry, and the drug sensitivity of the transfectants to Adriamycin (ADR), vincrinstine (VCR), mitomycin (MMC) and cyclophosphamide (CTX) with MTT and intracellular drug concentration of the transfectants was determined with flow cytometry.RESULTS:In EcoR I and BamH I restriction analysis, the size and the direction of the cloned sequence of Hsp90beta remained what had been designed and the gene constructs were named pcDNA-Hsp90.AH-SGC7901, AH-SGC7901/VCR, AH-HCC7402 and AH-Ec109 cell clones all expressed Hsp90 anti-sense RNA. The expression of Hsp90 was down-regulated in AH-SGC7901, AH-SGC7901/VCR, AH-HCC7402 and AH-Ec109 cell clones. Cell cycle distribution was changed differently. In AH-SGC7901/VCR and AH-Ec109 cells, G(1) phase cells were increased; S phase and G(2) phase cells were decreased as compared with their parental cell lines. In AH-SGC7901 cell, G(1)phase cells were decreased, G(2) phase cells increased and S phase cells were not changed, and in AH-HCC7402 cells G(1), S and G(2) phase cells remained unchanged as compared with their parental cell lines. The sensitivity of展开更多
INTRODUCTION E Numerous studies have demonstrated the protective action of prostaglandin E1(PGE1) on experimental animal models of liver injury and on patients with
The aim of this review is to give a comprehensive and concise overview of coronary embryology and normal coronary anatomy, describe common variants of normal and summarize typical patterns of anomalous coronary artery...The aim of this review is to give a comprehensive and concise overview of coronary embryology and normal coronary anatomy, describe common variants of normal and summarize typical patterns of anomalous coronary artery anatomy. Extensive iconography supports the text, with particular attention to images obtained in vivo using non-invasive imaging. We have divided this article into three groups, according to their frequency in the general population: Normal, normal variant and anomaly. Although congenital coronary artery anomalies are relatively uncommon, they are the second most common cause of sudden cardiac death among young athletes and therefore warrant detailed review. Based on the functional relevance of each abnormality, coronary artery anomalies can be classified as anomalies with obligatory ischemia, without ischemia or with exceptional ischemia. The clinical symptoms may include chest pain, dyspnea, palpitations, syncope, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death. Moreover, it is important to also identify variants and anomalies without clinical relevance in their own right as complications during surgery or angioplasty can occur.展开更多
AIM:To study the feasibility of panning and screeningphage-displaying recombinant single-chain variablefragment (ScFv) of anti-tumor monoclonal antibodiesfor fixed whole cells as the carriers of mAb-bindingantigens.ME...AIM:To study the feasibility of panning and screeningphage-displaying recombinant single-chain variablefragment (ScFv) of anti-tumor monoclonal antibodiesfor fixed whole cells as the carriers of mAb-bindingantigens.ME,ODS: The recombinant phage displaying librariesfor anti-colorectal tumor mAb MC3Ab, MC5Ab andanti-gastric tumor mAb MGD1 was constructed.Panning and screening were carried outby means ofmodified fixation of colorectal and gastric tumor cellsexpressed the mAb-binding antigens. Concordance ofbinding specificity to tumor cells between phageclones and parent antibodies was analyzed. Thephage of positive clones was identified withcompetitive ELISA, and infected by E.coli HB2151 toexpress soluble ScFv.RESULTS:The ratio of positive clones to MC3-ScF-MC5-ScFv and MGD1-ScFv were 60 %, 24 % and 30 %. MC3-ScFv had Mr 32 000 confirmed by Western blot. Thespecificity to antigen had no difference between 4positive recombinant phage antibodies and MC3Ab.CONCLUSION:The modified process of fixing wholetumor cells is efficient, convenient and feasible to panand screen the phage-displaying ScFv of anti-tumormonoclonal antibodies.展开更多
T follicular helper （Tfh） cells were discovered just over a decade ago as germinal centre T cells that help B cells make antibodies. Included in this role is affinity maturation and isotype switching. It is here tha...T follicular helper （Tfh） cells were discovered just over a decade ago as germinal centre T cells that help B cells make antibodies. Included in this role is affinity maturation and isotype switching. It is here that their functions become less clear. Tfh cells principally produce IL-21 which inhibits class switching to IgE. Recent studies have questioned whether the germinal centre is the main site of IgE class switching or IgE affinity maturation. In this review, I will examine the evidence that these cells are responsible for regulating IgE class switching and the relationship between Tfh cells and T helper 2 （Th2） effector cells.展开更多
Background Minimally invasive surgery in skull base relying on searching for possible anatomic basis for endoscopic technology is controversial. The objective of this study was to observe the spatial relationships bet...Background Minimally invasive surgery in skull base relying on searching for possible anatomic basis for endoscopic technology is controversial. The objective of this study was to observe the spatial relationships between main blood vessels and nerves in the cerebellopontine angle area and provide anatomic basis for lateral and posterior skull base minimally invasive surgery via endoscopic retrosigmoid keyhole approach.Methods This study was conducted on thirty dried adult skulls to measure the spatial relationships among the surface bony marks of posterior cranial fossa, and to locate the most appropriate drilling area for retrosigmoid keyhole approach. In addition, we used 10 formaldehyde-fixed adult cadaver specimens for simulating endoscopic retrosigmoid approach to determine the visible scope.Results The midpoint between the mastoid tip and the asterion was the best drilling point for retrosigmoid approach. A hole centered on this point with the 2.0 cm in diameter was suitable for exposing the related structures in the cerebellopontine angle. Retrosigmoid keyhole approach can decrease the pressure on the cerebellum and expose the related structures effectively which include facial nerve, vestibulocochlear nerve, trigeminal nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, accessory nerve, hypoglossal nerve, anterior inferior cerebellar artery, posterior inferior cerebellar artery and labyrinthine artery, etc.Conclusions Exact location on endoscope retrosigmoid approach can avoid dragging cerebellum during the minimally invasive surgery. The application of retrosigmoid keyhole approach will extend the application of endoscopic technology.展开更多
英国血液学标准委员会（The British Committee for Standards in Haematology，BCSH）于1998年发表了第三版口服抗凝药物用药指南。当2005年6月修订时，委员们认为第三版的绝大多数推荐仍然是实用的，无需发行第四版。然而委员们也注...英国血液学标准委员会（The British Committee for Standards in Haematology，BCSH）于1998年发表了第三版口服抗凝药物用药指南。当2005年6月修订时，委员们认为第三版的绝大多数推荐仍然是实用的，无需发行第四版。然而委员们也注意到一些关于抗凝的新资料。像原来版本中口服抗凝药物这一术语在此次修订中指的是口服维生素K拮抗剂（vitamin K Antagonists，VKA），如华法令。新的非维生素K拮抗剂正处于临床试验中，还没有被批准使用。当这些药物能用于临床时，将出版针对这些药物应用指南。此指南的对象是与治疗抗凝患者有关的卫生保健人员。展开更多
Percutaneous image guided thermal ablation has become a cornerstone of therapy for patients with oligometastatic disease and primary liver malignancies.Evolving from percutaneous ethanol injection(PEI),thermal ablatio...Percutaneous image guided thermal ablation has become a cornerstone of therapy for patients with oligometastatic disease and primary liver malignancies.Evolving from percutaneous ethanol injection(PEI),thermal ablation utilizing radiofrequency ablation(RFA)and microwave ablation(MWA)have become the standard approach in the treatment of isolated lesions that fit within the size criteria for curative intent therapy(typically 3-4 cm).With the evolution of more intense thermal ablation,such as MWA,the dramatic increase in both the size of ablation zone and intensity of heat generation have extended the limits of this technique.As a result of these innovations,intra-procedural and post-procedural pain have also significantly increased,requiring either higher levels of intravenous sedation or,in some institutions,general anesthesia.In addition to the increase in therapeutic intensity,the use of intravenous sedation during aggressive ablation procedures carries the risk of over-sedation when the noxious insult(i.e.the ablation)is removed,adding further difficulty to post-procedural recovery and management.Furthermore,high subdiaphragmatic lesions become challenging in this setting due to issues relating to sedation and compliance with breath hold/breathing instructions.Although general anesthesia may mitigate these complications,the added resources associated with providing general anesthesia during ablation is not cost effective and may result in substantial delays in treatment.The reduction of Aerosol Generating Medical Procedures(AGMP),such as intubation due to the COVID-19 Pandemic,must also be taken into consideration.Due to the potential increased risk of infection transmission,alternatives to general anesthesia should be considered when safe and possible.Upper abdominal regional nerve block techniques have been used to manage pain related to trauma,surgery,and cancer;however,blocks of this nature are not well described in the interventional radiology literature.The Mc Gill University group has developed experienc展开更多
This paper discussed the possibility of obtaining electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) responses of zinc rich paints (ZRP) using serial double-cell (SDC). The influence of counter electrode was outlined. An eq...This paper discussed the possibility of obtaining electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) responses of zinc rich paints (ZRP) using serial double-cell (SDC). The influence of counter electrode was outlined. An equivalent circuit (ES) for the double-cell was then discussed. The relationship between EC, the time constant, the parameters in EC of SDC and those of two single sells was discussed. The results gained by serial double cell test are consistent with those of single cell test. It can be concluded that double cell test method can be used to study ZRP completely.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of Chinese,No.3988007
文摘AIM To observe the drug sensitizing effect andrelated mechanisms of fas gene transduction onhuman drug-resistant gastric cancer cellSGC7901/VCR(resistant to Vincristine).METHODS The cell cycle alteration wasobserved by FACS.The sensitivity of gastriccancer cells to apoptosis was determined by invitro apoptosis assay.The drug sensitization ofcells to several anti-tumor drugs was observedby MTT assay.Immunochemical method wasused to show expression of P-gp and Topo Ⅱ ingastric cancer cells.RESULTS Comparing to SGC7901 and pBK-SGC7901/VCR,fas-SGC7901/VCR showeddecreasing G2 cells and increasing S cells,theG2 phase fraction of pBK-SGC7901/VCR wasabout 3.0 times that of fas-SGC7901/VCR,but Sphase fraction of fas-SGC7901/VCR was about1.9 times that of pBK-SGC7901/VCR,indicatingS phase arrest of fas-SGC7901/VCR.FACS alsosuggested apoptosis of fas-SGC7901/VCR,fas-SGC7901/VCR was more sensitive to apoptosisinducing agent VM-26 than pBK-SGC7901/VCR.MTT assay showed increased sensitization offas-SGC7901/VCR to DDP,MMC and 5-FU,butsame sensitization to VCR according to pBK-SGC7901/VCR.SGC7901,pBK-SGC7901/ VCRand fas-SGC7901/VCR had positively stainedTopo Ⅱ equally.P-gp staining in pBK- SGC7901/VCR was stronger than in SG07901,but there was little staining of P-gp in fas.SGC7901/VCR.CONCLUSION fas gene transduction couldreverse the MDR of human drug-resistant gastriccancer cell SGC7901/VCR to a degree,possiblybecause of higher sensitization to apoptosis anddecreased expression of P-gp.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.39570806National Excel1ent Youth Scientific Foundation,No.3952020.
文摘AIM:To construct Hsp90 antisense RNA eukaryotic expression vector, transfect it into SGC7901 and SGC7901/VCR of MDR-type human gastric cancer cell lines, HCC7402 of human hepatic cancer and Ec109 of human esophageal cancer cell lines, and to study the cell cycle distribution of the gene transected cells and their response to chemotherapeutic drugs.METHODS:A 1.03kb cDNA sequence of Hsp90beta was obtained from the primary plasmid phHSP90 by EcoR I and BamH I nuclease digestion and was cloned to the EcoR I and BamH I site of the pcDNA by T4DNA ligase and an antisense orientation of Hsp90beta expression vector was constructed. The constructs were transfected with lipofectamine and positive clones were selected with G418. The expression of RNA was determined with dot blotting and RNase protection assay, and the expression of Hsp90 protein determined with western blot. Cell cycle distribution of the transfectants was analyzed with flow cytometry, and the drug sensitivity of the transfectants to Adriamycin (ADR), vincrinstine (VCR), mitomycin (MMC) and cyclophosphamide (CTX) with MTT and intracellular drug concentration of the transfectants was determined with flow cytometry.RESULTS:In EcoR I and BamH I restriction analysis, the size and the direction of the cloned sequence of Hsp90beta remained what had been designed and the gene constructs were named pcDNA-Hsp90.AH-SGC7901, AH-SGC7901/VCR, AH-HCC7402 and AH-Ec109 cell clones all expressed Hsp90 anti-sense RNA. The expression of Hsp90 was down-regulated in AH-SGC7901, AH-SGC7901/VCR, AH-HCC7402 and AH-Ec109 cell clones. Cell cycle distribution was changed differently. In AH-SGC7901/VCR and AH-Ec109 cells, G(1) phase cells were increased; S phase and G(2) phase cells were decreased as compared with their parental cell lines. In AH-SGC7901 cell, G(1)phase cells were decreased, G(2) phase cells increased and S phase cells were not changed, and in AH-HCC7402 cells G(1), S and G(2) phase cells remained unchanged as compared with their parental cell lines. The sensitivity of
文摘INTRODUCTION E Numerous studies have demonstrated the protective action of prostaglandin E1(PGE1) on experimental animal models of liver injury and on patients with
基金financial support from the Department of Health via the National Institute for Health Research comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre award to Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust in partnership with King's College London and King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation TrustThe Centre of Excellence in Medical Engineering funded by the Wellcome Trust and EPSRC under grant number WT 088641/Z/09/Z+2 种基金King’s College London and UCL Comprehensive Cancer Imaging CentreFunded by the CRUK and EPSRC in association with the MRC and Do H (England)Funded by the British Heart Foundation award RE/08/003
文摘The aim of this review is to give a comprehensive and concise overview of coronary embryology and normal coronary anatomy, describe common variants of normal and summarize typical patterns of anomalous coronary artery anatomy. Extensive iconography supports the text, with particular attention to images obtained in vivo using non-invasive imaging. We have divided this article into three groups, according to their frequency in the general population: Normal, normal variant and anomaly. Although congenital coronary artery anomalies are relatively uncommon, they are the second most common cause of sudden cardiac death among young athletes and therefore warrant detailed review. Based on the functional relevance of each abnormality, coronary artery anomalies can be classified as anomalies with obligatory ischemia, without ischemia or with exceptional ischemia. The clinical symptoms may include chest pain, dyspnea, palpitations, syncope, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death. Moreover, it is important to also identify variants and anomalies without clinical relevance in their own right as complications during surgery or angioplasty can occur.
基金the National"863"Strategy for Science(102-10-01-06)National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.39525020
文摘AIM:To study the feasibility of panning and screeningphage-displaying recombinant single-chain variablefragment (ScFv) of anti-tumor monoclonal antibodiesfor fixed whole cells as the carriers of mAb-bindingantigens.ME,ODS: The recombinant phage displaying librariesfor anti-colorectal tumor mAb MC3Ab, MC5Ab andanti-gastric tumor mAb MGD1 was constructed.Panning and screening were carried outby means ofmodified fixation of colorectal and gastric tumor cellsexpressed the mAb-binding antigens. Concordance ofbinding specificity to tumor cells between phageclones and parent antibodies was analyzed. Thephage of positive clones was identified withcompetitive ELISA, and infected by E.coli HB2151 toexpress soluble ScFv.RESULTS:The ratio of positive clones to MC3-ScF-MC5-ScFv and MGD1-ScFv were 60 %, 24 % and 30 %. MC3-ScFv had Mr 32 000 confirmed by Western blot. Thespecificity to antigen had no difference between 4positive recombinant phage antibodies and MC3Ab.CONCLUSION:The modified process of fixing wholetumor cells is efficient, convenient and feasible to panand screen the phage-displaying ScFv of anti-tumormonoclonal antibodies.
文摘T follicular helper （Tfh） cells were discovered just over a decade ago as germinal centre T cells that help B cells make antibodies. Included in this role is affinity maturation and isotype switching. It is here that their functions become less clear. Tfh cells principally produce IL-21 which inhibits class switching to IgE. Recent studies have questioned whether the germinal centre is the main site of IgE class switching or IgE affinity maturation. In this review, I will examine the evidence that these cells are responsible for regulating IgE class switching and the relationship between Tfh cells and T helper 2 （Th2） effector cells.
基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.7212008 and 7031001)
文摘Background Minimally invasive surgery in skull base relying on searching for possible anatomic basis for endoscopic technology is controversial. The objective of this study was to observe the spatial relationships between main blood vessels and nerves in the cerebellopontine angle area and provide anatomic basis for lateral and posterior skull base minimally invasive surgery via endoscopic retrosigmoid keyhole approach.Methods This study was conducted on thirty dried adult skulls to measure the spatial relationships among the surface bony marks of posterior cranial fossa, and to locate the most appropriate drilling area for retrosigmoid keyhole approach. In addition, we used 10 formaldehyde-fixed adult cadaver specimens for simulating endoscopic retrosigmoid approach to determine the visible scope.Results The midpoint between the mastoid tip and the asterion was the best drilling point for retrosigmoid approach. A hole centered on this point with the 2.0 cm in diameter was suitable for exposing the related structures in the cerebellopontine angle. Retrosigmoid keyhole approach can decrease the pressure on the cerebellum and expose the related structures effectively which include facial nerve, vestibulocochlear nerve, trigeminal nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, accessory nerve, hypoglossal nerve, anterior inferior cerebellar artery, posterior inferior cerebellar artery and labyrinthine artery, etc.Conclusions Exact location on endoscope retrosigmoid approach can avoid dragging cerebellum during the minimally invasive surgery. The application of retrosigmoid keyhole approach will extend the application of endoscopic technology.
文摘英国血液学标准委员会（The British Committee for Standards in Haematology，BCSH）于1998年发表了第三版口服抗凝药物用药指南。当2005年6月修订时，委员们认为第三版的绝大多数推荐仍然是实用的，无需发行第四版。然而委员们也注意到一些关于抗凝的新资料。像原来版本中口服抗凝药物这一术语在此次修订中指的是口服维生素K拮抗剂（vitamin K Antagonists，VKA），如华法令。新的非维生素K拮抗剂正处于临床试验中，还没有被批准使用。当这些药物能用于临床时，将出版针对这些药物应用指南。此指南的对象是与治疗抗凝患者有关的卫生保健人员。
文摘Percutaneous image guided thermal ablation has become a cornerstone of therapy for patients with oligometastatic disease and primary liver malignancies.Evolving from percutaneous ethanol injection(PEI),thermal ablation utilizing radiofrequency ablation(RFA)and microwave ablation(MWA)have become the standard approach in the treatment of isolated lesions that fit within the size criteria for curative intent therapy(typically 3-4 cm).With the evolution of more intense thermal ablation,such as MWA,the dramatic increase in both the size of ablation zone and intensity of heat generation have extended the limits of this technique.As a result of these innovations,intra-procedural and post-procedural pain have also significantly increased,requiring either higher levels of intravenous sedation or,in some institutions,general anesthesia.In addition to the increase in therapeutic intensity,the use of intravenous sedation during aggressive ablation procedures carries the risk of over-sedation when the noxious insult(i.e.the ablation)is removed,adding further difficulty to post-procedural recovery and management.Furthermore,high subdiaphragmatic lesions become challenging in this setting due to issues relating to sedation and compliance with breath hold/breathing instructions.Although general anesthesia may mitigate these complications,the added resources associated with providing general anesthesia during ablation is not cost effective and may result in substantial delays in treatment.The reduction of Aerosol Generating Medical Procedures(AGMP),such as intubation due to the COVID-19 Pandemic,must also be taken into consideration.Due to the potential increased risk of infection transmission,alternatives to general anesthesia should be considered when safe and possible.Upper abdominal regional nerve block techniques have been used to manage pain related to trauma,surgery,and cancer;however,blocks of this nature are not well described in the interventional radiology literature.The Mc Gill University group has developed experienc
基金the State Basic Research Foundation of China (Grunt No. G19990650).
文摘This paper discussed the possibility of obtaining electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) responses of zinc rich paints (ZRP) using serial double-cell (SDC). The influence of counter electrode was outlined. An equivalent circuit (ES) for the double-cell was then discussed. The relationship between EC, the time constant, the parameters in EC of SDC and those of two single sells was discussed. The results gained by serial double cell test are consistent with those of single cell test. It can be concluded that double cell test method can be used to study ZRP completely.
