对围绕着加利福尼亚的五个大地震地区的三维 P 波速度模式的研究,导致了对断层性能与在易震深度处断层的岩石的介质特性之间关系的认识,高力矩释放地区显示出与高地震速度相关,而破裂的初始或破裂的终止可能与低地震速度相联系。这种关...对围绕着加利福尼亚的五个大地震地区的三维 P 波速度模式的研究,导致了对断层性能与在易震深度处断层的岩石的介质特性之间关系的认识,高力矩释放地区显示出与高地震速度相关,而破裂的初始或破裂的终止可能与低地震速度相联系。这种关系可以理解为什么断层可以被分割为各自独立破坏的段,并表明我们能够增进对预测地震以及强地面运动的能力的认识。断层显示的特性从无震蠕动到大地震引起的脆性破裂。由于沿着某个断层长度的这些变化,可以把断层分割为各自独立破坏的段落。为了研究支配着这些变化的机制,对围绕着加利福尼亚5个中强地震的区划,我们确定了该地区的三维(3D)P 波速度(V_P)模式。展开更多
We used reported behavioural data from cisgender men who have sex with men and transgender women(MSM/TGW)in Bangalore,mainly collected from‘hot-spot’locations that attract MSM/TGW,to illustrate a technique to deal w...We used reported behavioural data from cisgender men who have sex with men and transgender women(MSM/TGW)in Bangalore,mainly collected from‘hot-spot’locations that attract MSM/TGW,to illustrate a technique to deal with potential issues with the representativeness of this sample.A deterministic dynamic model of HIV transmission was developed,incorporating three subgroups of MSM/TGW,grouped according to their reported predominant sexual role(insertive,receptive or versatile).Using mathematical modelling and data triangulation for‘balancing’numbers of partners and role preferences,we compared three different approaches to determine if our technique could be useful for inferring characteristics of a more‘hidden’insertive MSM subpopulation,and explored their potential importance for the HIV epidemic.Projections for 2009 across all three approaches suggest that HIV prevalence among insertive MSM was likely to be less than half that recorded in the surveys(4.5e6.5%versus 13.1%),but that the relative size of this subgroup was over four times larger(61e69%of all MSM/TGW versus 15%).We infer that the insertive MSM accounted for 10e20%of all prevalent HIV infections among urban males aged 15e49.Mathematical modelling can be used with data on‘visible’MSM/TGW to provide insights into the characteristics of‘hidden’MSM.A greater understanding of the sexual behaviour of all MSM/TGW is important for effective HIV programming.More broadly,a hidden subgroup with a lower infectious disease prevalence than more visible subgroups,has the potential to contain more infections,if the hidden subgroup is considerably larger in size.展开更多
Objectives:The purpose of this study was to describe relationships between negative emotions and perceived emotional support in parents of children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit(PICU).Methods:This cros...Objectives:The purpose of this study was to describe relationships between negative emotions and perceived emotional support in parents of children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit(PICU).Methods:This cross-sectional descriptive study conducted face-to-face interviews between January 2019 and January 2020.Study variables included depression(PHQ-9 Scale),anxiety(Emotional Distress-Anxiety-Short Form 8a),anger(Emotional Distress-Anger-Short Form 5a),fear(Fear-Affect Computerized Adaptive Test),somatic fear(Fear-Somatic Arousal-Fixed Form),loneliness(Revised 20-item UCLA Loneliness Scale),and perceived emotional support(Emotional Support-Fixed Form).Results:Eighty parents reported symptoms of depression 8.00(4.00,13.75),anxiety(23.43±7.80),anger(13.40±5.46),fear(72.81±27.26),somatic fear 9.00(6.00,12.75),loneliness(39.35±12.00),and low perceived emotional support(32.14±8.06).Parents who were young,single,low-income,and with limited-post secondary education reported greater loneliness and lower perceived emotional support.Fear correlated with depression(r=0.737,P<0.01)and anxiety(r=0.900,P<0.01).Inverse relationships were discovered between perceived emotional support and loneliness(r=-0.767,P<0.01),anger(r=-0.401,P<0.01),and depression(r=-0.334,P<0.01).Conclusions:The cluster of negative emotions identified will serve as potential targets for future interventions designed to enhance support for parents of critically ill children.展开更多
Understanding the nature of cell surface markers on exfoliated colonic cells is a crucial step in establishing criteria for a normally functioning mucosa. We have found that colonic cells isolated from stool samples (...Understanding the nature of cell surface markers on exfoliated colonic cells is a crucial step in establishing criteria for a normally functioning mucosa. We have found that colonic cells isolated from stool samples (SCSR-010 Fecal Cell Isolation Kit, NonInvasive Technologies, Elkridge, MD), preserved at room temperature for up to one week, with viability of >85% and low levels of apoptosis (8% - 10%) exhibit two distinct cell size subpopulations, in the 2.5 μM - 5.0 μM and 5.0 μM - 8.0 μM range. In addition to IgA, about 60% of the cells expressed a novel heterodimeric IgA/IgG immunoglobulin that conferred a broad-spectrum cell mediated cytotoxicity against tumor cells. In a cohort of 58 subjects the exclusive absence of this immunoglobulin in two African-Americans was suggestive of a germline deletion. Serial cultures in stem cell medium retained the expression of this heterodimer. Since a majority of the cystic cells expressed the stem cell markers Lgr5 and Musashi-1 we termed these cells as gastrointestinal progenitor stem cells (GIP-C**). CXCR-4, the cytokine co-receptor for HIV was markedly expressed. These cells also expressed CD20, IgA, IgG, CD45, and COX-2. We assume that they originated from mature columnar epithelium by dedifferentiation. Our observations indicate that we have a robust noninvasive method to study mucosal pathophysiology and a direct method to create a database for applications in regenerative medicine.展开更多
Electron thermal transport is one of the most complex processes in fusionplasmas. It is generally described by a simple thermal diffusivity in transport analyses ofdischarges, but there is evidence of critical gradien...Electron thermal transport is one of the most complex processes in fusionplasmas. It is generally described by a simple thermal diffusivity in transport analyses ofdischarges, but there is evidence of critical gradient effects with moderate stiffness. By analyzingperiodic perturbations to an equilibrium, one canmeasure the variations in electron energy flux andelectron temperature gradient over the perturbation cycle, obtaining the flux as a function ofgradient over the range of parameters generated by the perturbation. Although time-dependenttransport analysis is very sensitive to noise in the input data, averaging over many cycles of aperiodic perturbation can provide data of sufficient quality. The analyses presented here are basedon the ECE temperature data with high spatial and temporal resolution and full profile coverage onDIII-D for sawteeth and modulated ECH heating.展开更多
干草原艺术(The term Steppe Art)这个术语,主要是指18世纪以来,在欧州干草原及其周边的古墓中所发现的、在风格上有相互关联的文物。其中有金属制品、有骨雕和木雕,但没有石刻。那是从匈牙利到满州的欧亚草原上,游牧民族及其战士用于...干草原艺术(The term Steppe Art)这个术语,主要是指18世纪以来,在欧州干草原及其周边的古墓中所发现的、在风格上有相互关联的文物。其中有金属制品、有骨雕和木雕,但没有石刻。那是从匈牙利到满州的欧亚草原上,游牧民族及其战士用于衣着及用具上的装饰、徽章或者标记。同样风格的形象,有时也出现在诸如纺织品或经过加工染色的皮革之类较为宽大的表面上。这些很可能是游牧民族使用过的帐蓬装饰,由于所在地区自然条件的巧合,使它们能保存下来。展开更多
文摘对围绕着加利福尼亚的五个大地震地区的三维 P 波速度模式的研究,导致了对断层性能与在易震深度处断层的岩石的介质特性之间关系的认识,高力矩释放地区显示出与高地震速度相关,而破裂的初始或破裂的终止可能与低地震速度相联系。这种关系可以理解为什么断层可以被分割为各自独立破坏的段,并表明我们能够增进对预测地震以及强地面运动的能力的认识。断层显示的特性从无震蠕动到大地震引起的脆性破裂。由于沿着某个断层长度的这些变化,可以把断层分割为各自独立破坏的段落。为了研究支配着这些变化的机制,对围绕着加利福尼亚5个中强地震的区划,我们确定了该地区的三维(3D)P 波速度(V_P)模式。
文摘We used reported behavioural data from cisgender men who have sex with men and transgender women(MSM/TGW)in Bangalore,mainly collected from‘hot-spot’locations that attract MSM/TGW,to illustrate a technique to deal with potential issues with the representativeness of this sample.A deterministic dynamic model of HIV transmission was developed,incorporating three subgroups of MSM/TGW,grouped according to their reported predominant sexual role(insertive,receptive or versatile).Using mathematical modelling and data triangulation for‘balancing’numbers of partners and role preferences,we compared three different approaches to determine if our technique could be useful for inferring characteristics of a more‘hidden’insertive MSM subpopulation,and explored their potential importance for the HIV epidemic.Projections for 2009 across all three approaches suggest that HIV prevalence among insertive MSM was likely to be less than half that recorded in the surveys(4.5e6.5%versus 13.1%),but that the relative size of this subgroup was over four times larger(61e69%of all MSM/TGW versus 15%).We infer that the insertive MSM accounted for 10e20%of all prevalent HIV infections among urban males aged 15e49.Mathematical modelling can be used with data on‘visible’MSM/TGW to provide insights into the characteristics of‘hidden’MSM.A greater understanding of the sexual behaviour of all MSM/TGW is important for effective HIV programming.More broadly,a hidden subgroup with a lower infectious disease prevalence than more visible subgroups,has the potential to contain more infections,if the hidden subgroup is considerably larger in size.
基金This work was supported by the West Virginia University School of Nursing Research Investment Fund.
文摘Objectives:The purpose of this study was to describe relationships between negative emotions and perceived emotional support in parents of children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit(PICU).Methods:This cross-sectional descriptive study conducted face-to-face interviews between January 2019 and January 2020.Study variables included depression(PHQ-9 Scale),anxiety(Emotional Distress-Anxiety-Short Form 8a),anger(Emotional Distress-Anger-Short Form 5a),fear(Fear-Affect Computerized Adaptive Test),somatic fear(Fear-Somatic Arousal-Fixed Form),loneliness(Revised 20-item UCLA Loneliness Scale),and perceived emotional support(Emotional Support-Fixed Form).Results:Eighty parents reported symptoms of depression 8.00(4.00,13.75),anxiety(23.43±7.80),anger(13.40±5.46),fear(72.81±27.26),somatic fear 9.00(6.00,12.75),loneliness(39.35±12.00),and low perceived emotional support(32.14±8.06).Parents who were young,single,low-income,and with limited-post secondary education reported greater loneliness and lower perceived emotional support.Fear correlated with depression(r=0.737,P<0.01)and anxiety(r=0.900,P<0.01).Inverse relationships were discovered between perceived emotional support and loneliness(r=-0.767,P<0.01),anger(r=-0.401,P<0.01),and depression(r=-0.334,P<0.01).Conclusions:The cluster of negative emotions identified will serve as potential targets for future interventions designed to enhance support for parents of critically ill children.
文摘Understanding the nature of cell surface markers on exfoliated colonic cells is a crucial step in establishing criteria for a normally functioning mucosa. We have found that colonic cells isolated from stool samples (SCSR-010 Fecal Cell Isolation Kit, NonInvasive Technologies, Elkridge, MD), preserved at room temperature for up to one week, with viability of >85% and low levels of apoptosis (8% - 10%) exhibit two distinct cell size subpopulations, in the 2.5 μM - 5.0 μM and 5.0 μM - 8.0 μM range. In addition to IgA, about 60% of the cells expressed a novel heterodimeric IgA/IgG immunoglobulin that conferred a broad-spectrum cell mediated cytotoxicity against tumor cells. In a cohort of 58 subjects the exclusive absence of this immunoglobulin in two African-Americans was suggestive of a germline deletion. Serial cultures in stem cell medium retained the expression of this heterodimer. Since a majority of the cystic cells expressed the stem cell markers Lgr5 and Musashi-1 we termed these cells as gastrointestinal progenitor stem cells (GIP-C**). CXCR-4, the cytokine co-receptor for HIV was markedly expressed. These cells also expressed CD20, IgA, IgG, CD45, and COX-2. We assume that they originated from mature columnar epithelium by dedifferentiation. Our observations indicate that we have a robust noninvasive method to study mucosal pathophysiology and a direct method to create a database for applications in regenerative medicine.
基金the US Department of Energy under grant DE-FG03-97-ER54415
文摘Electron thermal transport is one of the most complex processes in fusionplasmas. It is generally described by a simple thermal diffusivity in transport analyses ofdischarges, but there is evidence of critical gradient effects with moderate stiffness. By analyzingperiodic perturbations to an equilibrium, one canmeasure the variations in electron energy flux andelectron temperature gradient over the perturbation cycle, obtaining the flux as a function ofgradient over the range of parameters generated by the perturbation. Although time-dependenttransport analysis is very sensitive to noise in the input data, averaging over many cycles of aperiodic perturbation can provide data of sufficient quality. The analyses presented here are basedon the ECE temperature data with high spatial and temporal resolution and full profile coverage onDIII-D for sawteeth and modulated ECH heating.
文摘干草原艺术(The term Steppe Art)这个术语,主要是指18世纪以来,在欧州干草原及其周边的古墓中所发现的、在风格上有相互关联的文物。其中有金属制品、有骨雕和木雕,但没有石刻。那是从匈牙利到满州的欧亚草原上,游牧民族及其战士用于衣着及用具上的装饰、徽章或者标记。同样风格的形象,有时也出现在诸如纺织品或经过加工染色的皮革之类较为宽大的表面上。这些很可能是游牧民族使用过的帐蓬装饰,由于所在地区自然条件的巧合,使它们能保存下来。
