Drainage system is a poorly investigated basic sanitation and urban planning issue in the Amazon, which is often related to flooding processes and public health. The aim of the present research is to correlate Prelimi...Drainage system is a poorly investigated basic sanitation and urban planning issue in the Amazon, which is often related to flooding processes and public health. The aim of the present research is to correlate Preliminary Risk of Flooding (PRF) to independent variables, based on the following methodology: 1) identifying and classifying risk areas by using the Geographic Information System (GIS) and 2) statistically correlating risk to sanitary and environmental variables. Results have shown that preliminary risk is correlated to, at least, seven sanitary and environmental variables, depending on flood influence area;and there are significant correlations observed in the rainy season interval [probability or significance (p) 0.05]. In conclusion, PRF is higher in the rainy season, but it is spatially influenced by the elevation of terrain, number of flooding points, drainage typology and Environmental Salubrity Index (ESI) of neighborhoods, which directly affect the water quality in nearby groundwater wells (Total Coliforms, nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub>) and ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>)). However, this influence can eventually significantly change in the dry season.展开更多
This study aims to apply a hydrogeological approaches and analysis of the 2021 flood event of Tasi-Tolu Lagoon to achieve four specific goals. Firstly, the study seeks to determine the natural characteristics of the l...This study aims to apply a hydrogeological approaches and analysis of the 2021 flood event of Tasi-Tolu Lagoon to achieve four specific goals. Firstly, the study seeks to determine the natural characteristics of the lagoon, which include factors such as size, depth, water quality, and ecosystem composition. Secondly, the influence of precipitation on the water volume in the lagoon will be examined. This analysis involves assessing historical rainfall patterns in the region, as well as the amount and frequency of precipitation during the 2021 flood event. Thirdly, the hydrogeologic and geologic conditions of the lagoon will be evaluated. This involves examining factors such as the type and structure of the soil and bedrock, the presence of aquifers or other underground water sources, and the movement of water through the surrounding landscape. Finally, the study seeks to assess the risk of future flooding in Tasi-Tolu Lagoon, based on the insights gained from the previous analyses. Overall, this study’s goal is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the hydrogeological factors that contribute to flooding in Tasi-Tolu Lagoon. This knowledge could be used to inform flood mitigation strategies or to improve our ability to predict and respond to future flooding events in the region.展开更多
Effective calcium(Ca)management is crucial for optimizing oil palm cultivation and enhancing crop yield.This study aimed to gain insights into the dynamics of Ca concentration,accumulation,exportation,immobilization,a...Effective calcium(Ca)management is crucial for optimizing oil palm cultivation and enhancing crop yield.This study aimed to gain insights into the dynamics of Ca concentration,accumulation,exportation,immobilization,and recycling in various oil palm organs relative to plant age.The experiment was conducted at the Agropalma enterprise site in the northeastern region of Para State,Brazil,evaluating seven plant age treatments:2,3,4,5,6,7,and 8 years old.Employing a completely randomized design with four replications.The results demonstrated an age-related increase in Ca concentration in petioles,rachis,arrows,male inflorescences,peduncles,and fruits.Furthermore,Ca accumulation exhibited an upward trend in all organs with progressing plant age.Notably,the study revealed an enhanced Ca use efficiency across all plant organs in correlation with the age of oil palm cultivation.These findings underscore the dynamic nutritional demands of oil palm,influencing Ca immobilization,cycling,and export throughout its developmental stages.展开更多
The lipid composition in terms of the amount of neutral lipids, free fatty acids and polar lipid content is of great importance to make full use possible of this fraction and to define the suitability of its applicati...The lipid composition in terms of the amount of neutral lipids, free fatty acids and polar lipid content is of great importance to make full use possible of this fraction and to define the suitability of its application, either as a raw material for fuel production, nutraceutical purposes or feed. In addition to the fatty components present in the lipid extract, other components may be included, such as: carotenoids, pigments and sterols. The microalgae studied in this work, <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Scenedesmus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> sp. and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Desmodesmus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> sp., were subjected to the same growth conditions and evaluated for lipid content, quantification and diversity of lipid components as well as its fatty acid profile. For lipid determination two extraction methods were compared: the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">J</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span><i><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Schmid-Bondzynski-Ratzlaff</span></i><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Bligh</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> & </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Dyer</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> method. For </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Desmodesmus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> sp. 5.43% ± 0.41% and 9.18% ± 0.33% of lipids were obtained on an ash-free dry weight basis and for </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Scenedesmus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> sp. 12.46% ± 0.38% and 8.16% ± 0.42% of lipids were obtained on an ash-free dry weight basis using for both methods </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">J</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span></span><i><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Schmi展开更多
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease associated with high morbidity and increased cardiovascular disease, and Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is understood as a set of metabolic disorders that correlates with ...Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease associated with high morbidity and increased cardiovascular disease, and Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is understood as a set of metabolic disorders that correlates with obesity and sedentary lifestyle. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of MS in a cohort of patients with RA and its correlation to specific factors of the disease. A retrospective cohort study was conducted with 283 patients with RA, followed at the Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA) between 2008 and 2016;187 continued to be followed and agreed to be reevaluated between January and November 2016. MS was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program and disease activity was assessed using the Disease Activity Score (DAS28). Clinical, biochemical, and anthropometric evaluations were conducted. The prevalence of MS in the first evaluation was 43.9% and, after 8 years, 59.4%. Increased waist circumference and blood pressures, elevated triglycerides and low High-Density Lipoprotein were the most frequent features of MS. The DAS28 was significantly lower in the reevaluation (p = 0.006). The prevalence of MS was higher at the end of 8 years;disease activity, as well as blood pressure, decreased during this period. Steroid use had also decreased at the end of follow-up. There was an increase of 15% of cases with MS in an 8-year follow-up cohort of patients, which was in agreement with the current literature and showed how the inflammatory process in RA is correlated to MS. The parameters of MS that varied the most were blood pressure, cholesterol and triglycerides. Ultimately, these parameters and disease activity must be observed closely in order to improve the prognosis of patients with RA.展开更多
Microalgae biomass has been reported in the literature as one of the most promising sources for obtaining different products of industrial interest such as lipids, fatty acids, carotenoids, proteins and fibers. The li...Microalgae biomass has been reported in the literature as one of the most promising sources for obtaining different products of industrial interest such as lipids, fatty acids, carotenoids, proteins and fibers. The lipid fraction of microalgae comprises neutral lipids, free fatty acids and polar lipids. It is of great importance to estimate the composition of the lipid fraction to define the potential for use, either as a raw material for the production of biofuels or for use for nutraceuticals and/or food purposes. The microalgae </span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">Scenedesmus</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> sp. cultivated in a photobioreactor</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">,</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;"> the sky open raceway type</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">,</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;"> was evaluated for lipid content, identification and quantification of lipid components obtained from different extracts. In the quantification of the lipid content, extraction methods were proposed without chemical treatment (use of solvents only) such as chloroform:methanol (2:1 v/v)—Bligh & Dyer, Ethanol, Ethyl acetate:Hexane (1:1 v/v) and others with chemical treatment such as J-Schmid-Bondzynski-Ratzlaff (acid) and saponification (basic). For the identification of the main lipid components present in the extracts, the Thin layer chromatography (TLC) technique was used. This made it possible, using a simple and inexpe展开更多
Optical fiber optrodes are attractive sensing devices due to their ability to perform point measurement in remote locations. Mostly, they are oriented to biochemical sensing, quite often supported by fluorescent and s...Optical fiber optrodes are attractive sensing devices due to their ability to perform point measurement in remote locations. Mostly, they are oriented to biochemical sensing, quite often supported by fluorescent and spectroscopic techniques, but with the refractometric approach considered as well when the objective is of high measurement performance, particularly when the focus is on enhancing the measurand resolution. In this work, we address this subject, proposing and analyzing the characteristics of a fiber optic optrode relying on plasmonic interaction. A linearly tapered optical fiber tip is covered by a double overlay： the inner one - a silver thin film and over it - a dielectric layer, with this combination allowing to achieve, at a specific wavelength range, surface plasmonic resonance （SPR） interaction sensitive Typically, the interrogation of the SPR sensing to the refractive index of the surrounding medium. structures is performed, considering spectroscopic techniques, but in principle, a far better performance can be obtained, considering the reading of the phase of the light at a specific wavelength located within the spectral plasmonic resonance. This is the approach which is studied here in the context of the proposed optical fiber optrode configuration. The analysis performed shows the combination of a silver inner layer with a dielectric titanium oxide layer with tuned thicknesses enables sensitive phase reading and allows the operation of the fiber optic optrode sensor in the third telecommunication wavelength window.展开更多
The applications of bionic methodology developed by the Laboratory of Design and Material Selection as basis in the creation of junction elements were demonstrated. These elements favor the application of Ecodesign in...The applications of bionic methodology developed by the Laboratory of Design and Material Selection as basis in the creation of junction elements were demonstrated. These elements favor the application of Ecodesign in reference to the effectiveness of product dismount aiming the reduction of ambient impact in all its phases of use. The creation, the development and the confection of new junction elements were described, and case studies of new products developed specifically with this purpose were presented.展开更多
Consumer demand for natural products with low concentration of additives and controlled environmental impact has been a major challenge for the lipid food packaging industry.Because of this fact,active packaging such ...Consumer demand for natural products with low concentration of additives and controlled environmental impact has been a major challenge for the lipid food packaging industry.Because of this fact,active packaging such as oxygen absorbers and antioxidant releasers are trends in the industry.In this work,research developed on oxygen absorbing packaging and antioxidant-releasing packaging will be discussed.This work will also reveal the challenges to commercialization.Packaging that slows down lipid oxidation in food presents satisfactory results and greater efficacy than vacuum packaging.The challenges for the development of active packaging that consist of biopolymers and natural additives are related to the physical and mechanical properties of the materials.Future research should develop biodegradable active packaging that are resistant to industrial processing.Furthermore,there are plenty of natural resources not yet studied and that may be applicable for the development of active oxygen-absorbing and antioxidant active packaging for food.展开更多
In this paper we analyze and compare natural regeneration in shrub-tree community in three areas below Pinus caribaea stands and a natural area （cerrado sensu stricto）. We also analyze the influence of biophysical a...In this paper we analyze and compare natural regeneration in shrub-tree community in three areas below Pinus caribaea stands and a natural area （cerrado sensu stricto）. We also analyze the influence of biophysical and environmental variables on the distribution of regenerating shrub-tree species. The areas were analyzed and compared in relation to dispersal syndromes as well, being zoochory and anemochory the prevailing syndroms in the four areas. The sites below P. caribaea show a heterogeneous regen- eration with the number of species ranging from 18 to 42. We analyzed the influence of the biophysical and envi- ronmental variables performing a canonical correspon- dence analyses, being found significant values for variables distance from remnant and basal area. The species Si- paruna guianensis, Miconia albicans, Xylopia aromatica, Sclerolobium paniculatum, Casearia sylvestris and P. caribaea were the most importante ones in the four areas,展开更多
Introduction： Physicians want to know how they care for their patients. However, it can be challenging to describe the quality of their work. A basic question to ask would be： How do I care for my patients with a ce...Introduction： Physicians want to know how they care for their patients. However, it can be challenging to describe the quality of their work. A basic question to ask would be： How do I care for my patients with a certain health condition？ The authors wanted to find out whether they can answer this question for their patients suffering from osteoporosis with the support of their EHR （electronic health record）. Materials and methods： Postmenopausal women having experienced a fracture were identified from the EHR. At the same time, criteria to assess the quality of care were defined following current guidelines. As it emerged that the EHR was unsuitable to fulfill the authors＇ purpose, the free software package ＂Epi Info 7＂ was used to create a template for data entry and analysis. Results： Of the 41 female patients identified with possible osteoporotic fractures, as many as 90% （37 patients） did not have any bone-density measurements recorded despite 39% （16 patients） had been given a diagnosis of osteoporosis. Of the 16 patients with recorded osteoporosis, only two were prescribed antiosteoporotic medication. The EHR was largely inadequate to answer the question. Conclusion： ＂How do I care for mypatients with...？＂ is a difficult question to answer when relying on conventional EHR. The resulting answer is worrying and opens up a lot of room for improvement on behalf of the EHR and the quality of care provided.展开更多
Global increases in atmospheric CO2 and climate change are drawing considerable attention to identify sources of energy with lower environmental impact than those currently in use. Biodiesel production from microalgae...Global increases in atmospheric CO2 and climate change are drawing considerable attention to identify sources of energy with lower environmental impact than those currently in use. Biodiesel production from microalgae lipids can, in the future, occupy a prominent place in energy generation because it represents a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based fuels. Several species of microalgae produce large amounts of lipids per biomass unit. Triacylglycerol is the fatty acid used for biodiesel production and the main source of energy reserves in microalgae. The current literature indicates that nutrient limitations can lead to triacylglycerol accumulation in different species of microalgae. Further efforts in microalgae screening for biodiesel production are needed to discover a native microalgae that will be feasible for biodiesel production in terms of biomass productivity and oil. This revision focuses in the biotechnological potential and viability of biodiesel production from microalgae. Brazil is located in a tropical region with high light rates and adequate average temperatures for the growth of microalgae. The wide availability of bodies of water and land will allow the country to produce renewable energy from microalgae.展开更多
Sleep is not just for resting, according to new research that suggests the brain uses this apparent down time to process information obtained during the day into more permanent memories.……
In view of the growth of retail, as well as the performance of large multinational supermarket branch in the Brazilian market, the purpose of this article is an analysis of the strategies of Casino, Carrefour, Walmart...In view of the growth of retail, as well as the performance of large multinational supermarket branch in the Brazilian market, the purpose of this article is an analysis of the strategies of Casino, Carrefour, Walmart and open in the country capital, analyzing their operational, financial indicators socio-environmental initiatives. In order to achieve the main objective of this work, the construction of a method that validates this search was necessary. The main strategies and indicators of the three groups in four areas： corporate strategy, operational areo, financial areo, social and environmental issue, were analyzed. Study of qualitative, descriptive and exploratory character is realised through the importance of these three companies worldwide. As conclusions, it has been the expansion strategies that geared toward developing countries, adherence to new store formats, specializing in electronic commerce, as well as the superiority of Walmart （net sales） and Casino （Profitability）.展开更多
The public power and the private enterprise, the main agents of national economic and social development, when cooperating strategically, promote increased functional efficiency of their activities. In order to highli...The public power and the private enterprise, the main agents of national economic and social development, when cooperating strategically, promote increased functional efficiency of their activities. In order to highlight the relevance of such partnership, this article aims to analyze the potential of actions jointly developed by private organizations and Brazilian universities. The research problem is lined in the field of health, which hosted actions developed between the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte （UFRN） and the Hospital Maternity Guiomar Fernandes （HMGF）, located in the city of Alexandria, in Rio Grande do Norte. The study emphasizes the shortcomings of this organization, the resolving power of the university in this scenario, and performs the analysis of the effects of this cooperation. The methodology used in this research was the case study in HMGF. With emphasis on fundraising and improving the informational management system, funding sources for projects of restructuring and expansion of the hospital were sought, as well as initiatives for developing hospital management softwares for small- and medium-sized organizations. As a result, the articulation between the university and the hospital provided the elaboration of a project for software development and the production of a project for physical restructuring and technological investment, aiming to expand the supply and quality of the hospital＇s services. The implementation of information systems, associated with investments in hospital infrastructure, providing increased efficiency in public assistance to the population, bringing both local and regional benefits, besides, providing the authorities with relevant data on the development of public policies.展开更多
Renewable hydrocarbons refer to fuels consisting of hydrocarbons of 10 to 20 carbon atoms, produced from biomass, and free of oxygen. Hydrocracking, hydrodeoxygenation and hydrotreatment processes for the production o...Renewable hydrocarbons refer to fuels consisting of hydrocarbons of 10 to 20 carbon atoms, produced from biomass, and free of oxygen. Hydrocracking, hydrodeoxygenation and hydrotreatment processes for the production of renewable hydrocarbons are described in the literature. Microalgae have been targeted in recent years to synthesize biomass that can be used in the production of biofuels, such as renewable hydrocarbons, biodiesel or ethanol second generation. In this context the lineage Monoraphidium sp. was selected from previous ecophysiological studies and its potential to produce lipids to develop this research related with the extraction of the bio-oil of the wet biomass of Monoraphidium sp. through heat treatment. Consecutively the bio-oil was used as raw material for the production of hydrocarbons through hydrocracking and hydrodeoxygenation processes (HDO) as: decarbonylation, decarboxylation, dehydratation, with in situ production of hydrogen from liquid-phase reforming of glycerol. The reactions were carried out under two different temperature conditions, 350°C and 300°C, respectively, for 1 h and using ruthenium alumina catalyst (Ru/Al2O3). The results showed the bio-oil processing route at a temperature of 350°C promising for the production of hydrocarbons achieving a conversion of 81.54%.展开更多
Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the comorbidities and sleep patterns most commonly associated with each gender in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of obese indivi...Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the comorbidities and sleep patterns most commonly associated with each gender in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of obese individuals with OSA.?The polysomnographies were carried out in a sleep laboratory environment, using a 15-channel polysomnography setup. Airflow was measured using a nasal pressure cannula/thermistor combination. A standard handbook was used for interpretation of PSG findings. Results: A total of 284 subjects were included in the study, (147 females). The mean age, body mass index and neck circumference were similar between females and males (p?= 0.9579,?p??p?< 0.0001, respectively). On polysomnography, females exhibited longer latency to REM sleep (146.50 ± 85.93 vs. 122.3 ± 68.28,?p?= 0.0210) and a higher percentage of?delta sleep (10.09 ± 7.48 vs. 7.55 ± 6.57,?p?= 0.0037);males had more frequent microarousals (38.37?± 27.44 vs. 28.07 ± 21.23,?p?= 0.0017) and a higher AHI score (30.56 ± 27.52 vs. 17.31 ± 21.23,?p?< 0.0001). The comorbidities most commonly associated with female gender were diabetes (29% vs. 9.49%,?p?= 0.0132), hypothyroidism (20% vs. 2.19%,?p?< 0.0001), and depression (81.63% vs. 51.22%,?p?< 0.0001). Male gender was associated with myocardial infarction (6.57% vs. 1.38%,?p?= 0.0245) and alcohol intake (33.88% vs. 11.34%,?p?< 0.0001). Obese males with OSA have a larger?neck circumference and higher AHI and arousal indices than females. Conclusions: There are genderdifferences both in the sleep patterns and in the comorbidities of patients with OSA. Men had a larger neck circumference, higher apnea and sleep fragmentation scores, were more likely to consume alcohol, and were more likely to have a history of myocardial infarction than women.展开更多
文摘Drainage system is a poorly investigated basic sanitation and urban planning issue in the Amazon, which is often related to flooding processes and public health. The aim of the present research is to correlate Preliminary Risk of Flooding (PRF) to independent variables, based on the following methodology: 1) identifying and classifying risk areas by using the Geographic Information System (GIS) and 2) statistically correlating risk to sanitary and environmental variables. Results have shown that preliminary risk is correlated to, at least, seven sanitary and environmental variables, depending on flood influence area;and there are significant correlations observed in the rainy season interval [probability or significance (p) 0.05]. In conclusion, PRF is higher in the rainy season, but it is spatially influenced by the elevation of terrain, number of flooding points, drainage typology and Environmental Salubrity Index (ESI) of neighborhoods, which directly affect the water quality in nearby groundwater wells (Total Coliforms, nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub>) and ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>)). However, this influence can eventually significantly change in the dry season.
文摘This study aims to apply a hydrogeological approaches and analysis of the 2021 flood event of Tasi-Tolu Lagoon to achieve four specific goals. Firstly, the study seeks to determine the natural characteristics of the lagoon, which include factors such as size, depth, water quality, and ecosystem composition. Secondly, the influence of precipitation on the water volume in the lagoon will be examined. This analysis involves assessing historical rainfall patterns in the region, as well as the amount and frequency of precipitation during the 2021 flood event. Thirdly, the hydrogeologic and geologic conditions of the lagoon will be evaluated. This involves examining factors such as the type and structure of the soil and bedrock, the presence of aquifers or other underground water sources, and the movement of water through the surrounding landscape. Finally, the study seeks to assess the risk of future flooding in Tasi-Tolu Lagoon, based on the insights gained from the previous analyses. Overall, this study’s goal is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the hydrogeological factors that contribute to flooding in Tasi-Tolu Lagoon. This knowledge could be used to inform flood mitigation strategies or to improve our ability to predict and respond to future flooding events in the region.
文摘Effective calcium(Ca)management is crucial for optimizing oil palm cultivation and enhancing crop yield.This study aimed to gain insights into the dynamics of Ca concentration,accumulation,exportation,immobilization,and recycling in various oil palm organs relative to plant age.The experiment was conducted at the Agropalma enterprise site in the northeastern region of Para State,Brazil,evaluating seven plant age treatments:2,3,4,5,6,7,and 8 years old.Employing a completely randomized design with four replications.The results demonstrated an age-related increase in Ca concentration in petioles,rachis,arrows,male inflorescences,peduncles,and fruits.Furthermore,Ca accumulation exhibited an upward trend in all organs with progressing plant age.Notably,the study revealed an enhanced Ca use efficiency across all plant organs in correlation with the age of oil palm cultivation.These findings underscore the dynamic nutritional demands of oil palm,influencing Ca immobilization,cycling,and export throughout its developmental stages.
文摘The lipid composition in terms of the amount of neutral lipids, free fatty acids and polar lipid content is of great importance to make full use possible of this fraction and to define the suitability of its application, either as a raw material for fuel production, nutraceutical purposes or feed. In addition to the fatty components present in the lipid extract, other components may be included, such as: carotenoids, pigments and sterols. The microalgae studied in this work, <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Scenedesmus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> sp. and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Desmodesmus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> sp., were subjected to the same growth conditions and evaluated for lipid content, quantification and diversity of lipid components as well as its fatty acid profile. For lipid determination two extraction methods were compared: the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">J</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span><i><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Schmid-Bondzynski-Ratzlaff</span></i><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Bligh</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> & </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Dyer</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> method. For </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Desmodesmus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> sp. 5.43% ± 0.41% and 9.18% ± 0.33% of lipids were obtained on an ash-free dry weight basis and for </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Scenedesmus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> sp. 12.46% ± 0.38% and 8.16% ± 0.42% of lipids were obtained on an ash-free dry weight basis using for both methods </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">J</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span></span><i><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Schmi
文摘Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease associated with high morbidity and increased cardiovascular disease, and Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is understood as a set of metabolic disorders that correlates with obesity and sedentary lifestyle. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of MS in a cohort of patients with RA and its correlation to specific factors of the disease. A retrospective cohort study was conducted with 283 patients with RA, followed at the Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA) between 2008 and 2016;187 continued to be followed and agreed to be reevaluated between January and November 2016. MS was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program and disease activity was assessed using the Disease Activity Score (DAS28). Clinical, biochemical, and anthropometric evaluations were conducted. The prevalence of MS in the first evaluation was 43.9% and, after 8 years, 59.4%. Increased waist circumference and blood pressures, elevated triglycerides and low High-Density Lipoprotein were the most frequent features of MS. The DAS28 was significantly lower in the reevaluation (p = 0.006). The prevalence of MS was higher at the end of 8 years;disease activity, as well as blood pressure, decreased during this period. Steroid use had also decreased at the end of follow-up. There was an increase of 15% of cases with MS in an 8-year follow-up cohort of patients, which was in agreement with the current literature and showed how the inflammatory process in RA is correlated to MS. The parameters of MS that varied the most were blood pressure, cholesterol and triglycerides. Ultimately, these parameters and disease activity must be observed closely in order to improve the prognosis of patients with RA.
文摘Microalgae biomass has been reported in the literature as one of the most promising sources for obtaining different products of industrial interest such as lipids, fatty acids, carotenoids, proteins and fibers. The lipid fraction of microalgae comprises neutral lipids, free fatty acids and polar lipids. It is of great importance to estimate the composition of the lipid fraction to define the potential for use, either as a raw material for the production of biofuels or for use for nutraceuticals and/or food purposes. The microalgae </span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">Scenedesmus</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> sp. cultivated in a photobioreactor</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">,</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;"> the sky open raceway type</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">,</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;"> was evaluated for lipid content, identification and quantification of lipid components obtained from different extracts. In the quantification of the lipid content, extraction methods were proposed without chemical treatment (use of solvents only) such as chloroform:methanol (2:1 v/v)—Bligh & Dyer, Ethanol, Ethyl acetate:Hexane (1:1 v/v) and others with chemical treatment such as J-Schmid-Bondzynski-Ratzlaff (acid) and saponification (basic). For the identification of the main lipid components present in the extracts, the Thin layer chromatography (TLC) technique was used. This made it possible, using a simple and inexpe
文摘Optical fiber optrodes are attractive sensing devices due to their ability to perform point measurement in remote locations. Mostly, they are oriented to biochemical sensing, quite often supported by fluorescent and spectroscopic techniques, but with the refractometric approach considered as well when the objective is of high measurement performance, particularly when the focus is on enhancing the measurand resolution. In this work, we address this subject, proposing and analyzing the characteristics of a fiber optic optrode relying on plasmonic interaction. A linearly tapered optical fiber tip is covered by a double overlay： the inner one - a silver thin film and over it - a dielectric layer, with this combination allowing to achieve, at a specific wavelength range, surface plasmonic resonance （SPR） interaction sensitive Typically, the interrogation of the SPR sensing to the refractive index of the surrounding medium. structures is performed, considering spectroscopic techniques, but in principle, a far better performance can be obtained, considering the reading of the phase of the light at a specific wavelength located within the spectral plasmonic resonance. This is the approach which is studied here in the context of the proposed optical fiber optrode configuration. The analysis performed shows the combination of a silver inner layer with a dielectric titanium oxide layer with tuned thicknesses enables sensitive phase reading and allows the operation of the fiber optic optrode sensor in the third telecommunication wavelength window.
文摘The applications of bionic methodology developed by the Laboratory of Design and Material Selection as basis in the creation of junction elements were demonstrated. These elements favor the application of Ecodesign in reference to the effectiveness of product dismount aiming the reduction of ambient impact in all its phases of use. The creation, the development and the confection of new junction elements were described, and case studies of new products developed specifically with this purpose were presented.
基金the Paraia Research Support Foundation(FAPESQ/PB)for the financial assistance granted to the research project that resulted in this work.
文摘Consumer demand for natural products with low concentration of additives and controlled environmental impact has been a major challenge for the lipid food packaging industry.Because of this fact,active packaging such as oxygen absorbers and antioxidant releasers are trends in the industry.In this work,research developed on oxygen absorbing packaging and antioxidant-releasing packaging will be discussed.This work will also reveal the challenges to commercialization.Packaging that slows down lipid oxidation in food presents satisfactory results and greater efficacy than vacuum packaging.The challenges for the development of active packaging that consist of biopolymers and natural additives are related to the physical and mechanical properties of the materials.Future research should develop biodegradable active packaging that are resistant to industrial processing.Furthermore,there are plenty of natural resources not yet studied and that may be applicable for the development of active oxygen-absorbing and antioxidant active packaging for food.
文摘In this paper we analyze and compare natural regeneration in shrub-tree community in three areas below Pinus caribaea stands and a natural area （cerrado sensu stricto）. We also analyze the influence of biophysical and environmental variables on the distribution of regenerating shrub-tree species. The areas were analyzed and compared in relation to dispersal syndromes as well, being zoochory and anemochory the prevailing syndroms in the four areas. The sites below P. caribaea show a heterogeneous regen- eration with the number of species ranging from 18 to 42. We analyzed the influence of the biophysical and envi- ronmental variables performing a canonical correspon- dence analyses, being found significant values for variables distance from remnant and basal area. The species Si- paruna guianensis, Miconia albicans, Xylopia aromatica, Sclerolobium paniculatum, Casearia sylvestris and P. caribaea were the most importante ones in the four areas,
文摘Introduction： Physicians want to know how they care for their patients. However, it can be challenging to describe the quality of their work. A basic question to ask would be： How do I care for my patients with a certain health condition？ The authors wanted to find out whether they can answer this question for their patients suffering from osteoporosis with the support of their EHR （electronic health record）. Materials and methods： Postmenopausal women having experienced a fracture were identified from the EHR. At the same time, criteria to assess the quality of care were defined following current guidelines. As it emerged that the EHR was unsuitable to fulfill the authors＇ purpose, the free software package ＂Epi Info 7＂ was used to create a template for data entry and analysis. Results： Of the 41 female patients identified with possible osteoporotic fractures, as many as 90% （37 patients） did not have any bone-density measurements recorded despite 39% （16 patients） had been given a diagnosis of osteoporosis. Of the 16 patients with recorded osteoporosis, only two were prescribed antiosteoporotic medication. The EHR was largely inadequate to answer the question. Conclusion： ＂How do I care for mypatients with...？＂ is a difficult question to answer when relying on conventional EHR. The resulting answer is worrying and opens up a lot of room for improvement on behalf of the EHR and the quality of care provided.
文摘Global increases in atmospheric CO2 and climate change are drawing considerable attention to identify sources of energy with lower environmental impact than those currently in use. Biodiesel production from microalgae lipids can, in the future, occupy a prominent place in energy generation because it represents a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based fuels. Several species of microalgae produce large amounts of lipids per biomass unit. Triacylglycerol is the fatty acid used for biodiesel production and the main source of energy reserves in microalgae. The current literature indicates that nutrient limitations can lead to triacylglycerol accumulation in different species of microalgae. Further efforts in microalgae screening for biodiesel production are needed to discover a native microalgae that will be feasible for biodiesel production in terms of biomass productivity and oil. This revision focuses in the biotechnological potential and viability of biodiesel production from microalgae. Brazil is located in a tropical region with high light rates and adequate average temperatures for the growth of microalgae. The wide availability of bodies of water and land will allow the country to produce renewable energy from microalgae.
文摘 Sleep is not just for resting, according to new research that suggests the brain uses this apparent down time to process information obtained during the day into more permanent memories.……
文摘In view of the growth of retail, as well as the performance of large multinational supermarket branch in the Brazilian market, the purpose of this article is an analysis of the strategies of Casino, Carrefour, Walmart and open in the country capital, analyzing their operational, financial indicators socio-environmental initiatives. In order to achieve the main objective of this work, the construction of a method that validates this search was necessary. The main strategies and indicators of the three groups in four areas： corporate strategy, operational areo, financial areo, social and environmental issue, were analyzed. Study of qualitative, descriptive and exploratory character is realised through the importance of these three companies worldwide. As conclusions, it has been the expansion strategies that geared toward developing countries, adherence to new store formats, specializing in electronic commerce, as well as the superiority of Walmart （net sales） and Casino （Profitability）.
文摘The public power and the private enterprise, the main agents of national economic and social development, when cooperating strategically, promote increased functional efficiency of their activities. In order to highlight the relevance of such partnership, this article aims to analyze the potential of actions jointly developed by private organizations and Brazilian universities. The research problem is lined in the field of health, which hosted actions developed between the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte （UFRN） and the Hospital Maternity Guiomar Fernandes （HMGF）, located in the city of Alexandria, in Rio Grande do Norte. The study emphasizes the shortcomings of this organization, the resolving power of the university in this scenario, and performs the analysis of the effects of this cooperation. The methodology used in this research was the case study in HMGF. With emphasis on fundraising and improving the informational management system, funding sources for projects of restructuring and expansion of the hospital were sought, as well as initiatives for developing hospital management softwares for small- and medium-sized organizations. As a result, the articulation between the university and the hospital provided the elaboration of a project for software development and the production of a project for physical restructuring and technological investment, aiming to expand the supply and quality of the hospital＇s services. The implementation of information systems, associated with investments in hospital infrastructure, providing increased efficiency in public assistance to the population, bringing both local and regional benefits, besides, providing the authorities with relevant data on the development of public policies.
文摘Renewable hydrocarbons refer to fuels consisting of hydrocarbons of 10 to 20 carbon atoms, produced from biomass, and free of oxygen. Hydrocracking, hydrodeoxygenation and hydrotreatment processes for the production of renewable hydrocarbons are described in the literature. Microalgae have been targeted in recent years to synthesize biomass that can be used in the production of biofuels, such as renewable hydrocarbons, biodiesel or ethanol second generation. In this context the lineage Monoraphidium sp. was selected from previous ecophysiological studies and its potential to produce lipids to develop this research related with the extraction of the bio-oil of the wet biomass of Monoraphidium sp. through heat treatment. Consecutively the bio-oil was used as raw material for the production of hydrocarbons through hydrocracking and hydrodeoxygenation processes (HDO) as: decarbonylation, decarboxylation, dehydratation, with in situ production of hydrogen from liquid-phase reforming of glycerol. The reactions were carried out under two different temperature conditions, 350°C and 300°C, respectively, for 1 h and using ruthenium alumina catalyst (Ru/Al2O3). The results showed the bio-oil processing route at a temperature of 350°C promising for the production of hydrocarbons achieving a conversion of 81.54%.
文摘Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the comorbidities and sleep patterns most commonly associated with each gender in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of obese individuals with OSA.?The polysomnographies were carried out in a sleep laboratory environment, using a 15-channel polysomnography setup. Airflow was measured using a nasal pressure cannula/thermistor combination. A standard handbook was used for interpretation of PSG findings. Results: A total of 284 subjects were included in the study, (147 females). The mean age, body mass index and neck circumference were similar between females and males (p?= 0.9579,?p??p?< 0.0001, respectively). On polysomnography, females exhibited longer latency to REM sleep (146.50 ± 85.93 vs. 122.3 ± 68.28,?p?= 0.0210) and a higher percentage of?delta sleep (10.09 ± 7.48 vs. 7.55 ± 6.57,?p?= 0.0037);males had more frequent microarousals (38.37?± 27.44 vs. 28.07 ± 21.23,?p?= 0.0017) and a higher AHI score (30.56 ± 27.52 vs. 17.31 ± 21.23,?p?< 0.0001). The comorbidities most commonly associated with female gender were diabetes (29% vs. 9.49%,?p?= 0.0132), hypothyroidism (20% vs. 2.19%,?p?< 0.0001), and depression (81.63% vs. 51.22%,?p?< 0.0001). Male gender was associated with myocardial infarction (6.57% vs. 1.38%,?p?= 0.0245) and alcohol intake (33.88% vs. 11.34%,?p?< 0.0001). Obese males with OSA have a larger?neck circumference and higher AHI and arousal indices than females. Conclusions: There are genderdifferences both in the sleep patterns and in the comorbidities of patients with OSA. Men had a larger neck circumference, higher apnea and sleep fragmentation scores, were more likely to consume alcohol, and were more likely to have a history of myocardial infarction than women.
