The outbreak of the 2019-nCoV infection began in December 2019 in Wuhan,Hubei province,and rapidly spread to many provinces in China as well as other countries.Here we report the epidemiological,clinical,laboratory,an...The outbreak of the 2019-nCoV infection began in December 2019 in Wuhan,Hubei province,and rapidly spread to many provinces in China as well as other countries.Here we report the epidemiological,clinical,laboratory,and radiological characteristics,as well as potential biomarkers for predicting disease severity in 2019-nCoV-infected patients in Shenzhen,China.All 12 cases of the 2019-nCoV-infected patients developed pneumonia and half of them developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).The most common laboratory abnormalities were hypoalbuminemia,lymphopenia,decreased percentage of lymphocytes (LYM) and neutrophils (NEU),elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),and decreased CD8 count.The viral load of 2019-nCoV detected from patient respiratory tracts was positively linked to lung disease severity.ALB,LYM,LYM (%),LDH,NEU (%),and CRP were highly correlated to the acute lung injury.Age,viral load,lung injury score,and blood biochemistry indexes,albumin (ALB),CRP,LDH,LYM (%),LYM,and NEU (%),may be predictors of disease severity.Moreover,the Angiotensin Ⅱlevel in the plasma sample from 2019-nCoV infected patients was markedly elevated and linearly associated to viral load and lung injury.Our results suggest a number of potential diagnosis biomarkers and angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) drugs for potential repurposing treatment of 2019-nCoV infection.展开更多
Tea is the world＇s oldest and most popular caffeine-containing beverage with immense economic, medicinal, and cultural importance. Here, we present the first high-quality nucleotide sequence of the repeat-rich （80.9...Tea is the world＇s oldest and most popular caffeine-containing beverage with immense economic, medicinal, and cultural importance. Here, we present the first high-quality nucleotide sequence of the repeat-rich （80.9%）, 3.02-Gb genome of the cultivated tea tree Camellia sinensis. We show that an extraordinarily large genome size of tea tree is resulted from the slow, steady, and long-term amplification of a few LTR retrotransposon families. In addition to a recent whole-genome duplication event, lineage-specific expansions of genes associated with flavonoid metabolic biosynthesis were discovered, which enhance catechin production, terpene enzyme activation, and stress tolerance, important features for tea flavor and adaptation. We demonstrate an independent and rapid evolution of the tea caffeine synthesis pathway relative to cacao and coffee. A comparative study among 25 Camellia species revealed that higher expression levels of most flavonoid- and caffeinebut not theanine-related genes contribute to the increased production of catechins and caffeine and thus enhance tea-processing suitability and tea quality. These novel findings pave the way for further metabolomic and functional genomic refinement of characteristic biosynthesis pathways and will help develop a more diversified set of tea flavors that would eventually satisfy and attract more tea drinkers worldwide.展开更多
Currently,pyroptosis has received more and more attention because of its association with innate immunity and disease.The research scope of pyroptosis has expanded with the discovery of the gasdermin family.A great de...Currently,pyroptosis has received more and more attention because of its association with innate immunity and disease.The research scope of pyroptosis has expanded with the discovery of the gasdermin family.A great deal of evidence shows that pyroptosis can affect the development of tumors.The relationship between pyroptosis and tumors is diverse in different tissues and genetic backgrounds.In this review,we provide basic knowledge of pyroptosis,explain the relationship between pyroptosis and tumors,and focus on the significance of pyroptosis in tumor treatment.In addition,we further summarize the possibility of pyroptosis as a potential tumor treatment strategy and describe the side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy caused by pyroptosis.In brief,pyroptosis is a double-edged sword for tumors.The rational use of this dual effect will help us further explore the formation and development of tumors,and provide ideas for patients to develop new drugs based on pyroptosis.展开更多
In 2010, a panel of Chinese pathologists reported the first expert consensus for the pathological diagnosis of primary liver cancers to address the many contradictions and inconsistencies in the pathological character...In 2010, a panel of Chinese pathologists reported the first expert consensus for the pathological diagnosis of primary liver cancers to address the many contradictions and inconsistencies in the pathological characteristics and diagnostic criteria for PLC. Since then considerable clinicopathological studies have been conducted globally, prompting us to update the practice guidelines for the pathological diagnosis of PLC. In April 18, 2014, a Guideline Committee consisting of 40 specialists from seven Chinese Societies(including Chinese Society of Liver Cancer, Chinese Anti-Cancer Association; Liver Cancer Study Group, Chinese Society of Hepatology, Chinese Medical Association; Chinese Society of Pathology, Chinese Anti-Cancer Association; Digestive Disease Group, Chinese Society of Pathology, Chinese Medical Association; Chinese Society of Surgery, Chinese Medical Association; Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology, Chinese Anti-Cancer Association; Pathological Group of Hepatobiliary Tumor and Liver Transplantation, Chinese Society of Pathology, Chinese Medical Association) was created for the formulation of the first guidelines for the standardization of the pathological diagnosis of PLC, mainly focusing on the following topics: gross specimen sampling, concepts and diagnostic criteria of small hepatocellular carcinoma(SHCC), microvascular invasion(MVI), satellite nodules,and immunohistochemical and molecular diagnosis. The present updated guidelines are reflective of current clinicopathological studies, and include a novel 7-point baseline sampling protocol, which stipulate that at least four tissue specimens should be sampled at the junction of the tumor and adjacent liver tissues in a 1:1 ratio at the 12, 3, 6 and 9 o'clock reference positions. For the purposes of molecular pathological examination, at least one specimen should be sampled at the intratumoral zone, but more specimens should be sampled for tumors harboring different textures or colors. Specimens should be sampled at both adjacent and distant peri展开更多
Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a common gastrointestinal disorder.Approximately15%-20%of patients develop severe AP.Systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome may be caused by the massiv...Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a common gastrointestinal disorder.Approximately15%-20%of patients develop severe AP.Systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome may be caused by the massive release of inflammatory cytokines in the early stage of severe AP,followed by intestinal dysfunction and pancreatic necrosis in the later stage.A study showed that 59%of AP patients had associated intestinal barrier injury,with increased intestinal mucosal permeability,leading to intestinal bacterial translocation,pancreatic tissue necrosis and infection,and the occurrence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.However,the real effect of the gut microbiota and its metabolites on intestinal barrier function in AP remains unclear.This review summarizes the alterations in the intestinal flora and its metabolites during AP development and progression to unveil the mechanism of gut failure in AP.展开更多
AIM:To compare the effect of endoscopic variceal ligation(EVL)with that of endoscopic injection sclerotherapy(EIS)in the treatment of patients withesophageal variceal bleeding.METHODS:We performed a systematic literat...AIM:To compare the effect of endoscopic variceal ligation(EVL)with that of endoscopic injection sclerotherapy(EIS)in the treatment of patients withesophageal variceal bleeding.METHODS:We performed a systematic literature search of multiple online electronic databases.Metaanalysis was conducted to evaluate risk ratio(RR)and95%confidence interval(CI)of combined studies for the treatment of patients with esophageal variceal bleeding between EVL and EIS.RESULTS:Fourteen studies comprising 1236 patients were included in the meta-analysis.The rebleeding rate in actively bleeding varices patients in the EVL group was significantly lower than that in the EIS group(RR=0.68,95%CI:0.57-0.81).The variceal eradication rate in actively bleeding varices patients in the EVL group was significantly higher than that in the EIS group(RR=1.06,95%CI:1.01-1.12).There was no significant difference about mortality rate between the EVL group and EIS group(RR=0.95,95%CI:0.77-1.17).The rate of complications in actively bleeding varices patients in the EVL group was significantly lower than that in the EIS group(RR=0.28,95%CI:0.13-0.58).CONCLUSION:Our meta-analysis has found that EVL is better than EIS in terms of the lower rates of rebleeding,complications,and the higher rate of variceal eradication.Therefore,EVL is the first choice for esophageal variceal bleeding.展开更多
Hydrogen metallurgy is a technology that applies hydrogen instead of carbon as a reduction agent to reduce CO2 emission,and the use of hydrogen is beneficial to promoting the sustainable development of the steel indus...Hydrogen metallurgy is a technology that applies hydrogen instead of carbon as a reduction agent to reduce CO2 emission,and the use of hydrogen is beneficial to promoting the sustainable development of the steel industry.Hydrogen metallurgy has numerous applications,such as H2reduction ironmaking in Japan,ULCORED and hydrogen-based steelmaking in Europe;hydrogen flash ironmaking technology in the US;HYBRIT in the Nordics;Midrex H2TM by Midrex Technologies,Inc.(United States);H2FUTURE by Voestalpine(Austria);and SALCOS by Salzgitter AG(Germany).Hydrogen-rich blast furnaces(BFs)with COG injection are common in China.Running BFs have been industrially tested by AnSteel,XuSteel,and BenSteel.In a currently under construction pilot plant of a coal gasification–gas-based shaft furnace with an annual output of 10000 t direct reduction iron(DRI),a reducing gas composed of 57 vol%H2 and 38 vol%CO is prepared via the Ende method.The life cycle of the coal gasification–gas-based shaft furnace–electric furnace short process(30 wt%DRI+70 wt%scrap)is assessed with 1 t of molten steel as a functional unit.This plant has a total energy consumption per ton of steel of 263.67 kg standard coal and a CO2 emission per ton of steel of 829.89 kg,which are superior to those of a traditional BF converter process.Considering domestic materials and fuels,hydrogen production and storage,and hydrogen reduction characteristics,we believe that a hydrogen-rich shaft furnace will be suitable in China.Hydrogen production and storage with an economic and large-scale industrialization will promote the further development of a full hydrogen shaft furnace.展开更多
Statistical experimental designs were used to optimize the process of phenol degradation by Candida tropicalis Z-04, isolated from phenol-degrading aerobic granules. The most important factors influencing phenol degra...Statistical experimental designs were used to optimize the process of phenol degradation by Candida tropicalis Z-04, isolated from phenol-degrading aerobic granules. The most important factors influencing phenol degradation （p 〈 0.05）, as identified by a two-level Plackett-Burman design with 11 variables, were yeast extract, phenol, inoculum size, and temperature. Steepest ascent method was undertaken to determine the optimal regions of these four significant factors. Central composite design （CCD） and response surface analysis were adopted to further investigate the mutual interactions between these variables and to identify their optimal values that would generate maximum phenol degradation. The analysis results indicated that interactions between yeast extract and temperature, phenol and temperature, inocuhim size and temperature affected the response variable （phenol degradation） significantly. The predicted results showed that the maximum removal efficiency of phenol （99.10%） could be obtained under the optimum conditions of yeast extract 0.41 g/L, phenol 1.03 g/L, inoculum size 1.43% （V/V） and temperature 30.04℃. These predicted values were further verified by validation experiments. The excellent correlation between predicted and experimental values confirmed the validity and practicability of this statistical optimum strategy. This study indicated the excellent ability of C. tropicalis Z-04 in degrading high-strength phenol. Optimal conditions obtained in this experiment laid a solid foundation for further use of this microorganism in the treatment of highstrength phenol effluents.展开更多
During the development of hot dry rock,the research on thermal fatigue damage caused by thermal shock of cold and heat cycles is the basis that ensures the long-term utilization of geothermal resources,but there are n...During the development of hot dry rock,the research on thermal fatigue damage caused by thermal shock of cold and heat cycles is the basis that ensures the long-term utilization of geothermal resources,but there are not enough relevant studies at present.Based on this,the thermal damage tests of granite at different temperatures(250,350,450°C)and quenching cycles(1,5,10,15 cycles)were carried out.Preliminary reveals the damage mechanism and heat transfer law of the quenching cycle effect on hot dry rock.The results show that with the increase of temperature and cycles,the uneven thermal expansion of minerals and the thermal shock caused by quenching promote the crack development of granite,resulting in the decrease of P-wave velocity,thermal conductivity and uniaxial compressive strength of granite.Meanwhile,the COMSOL was used to simulate the heat transfer of hot dry rock under different heat treatment conditions.It concluded that the increase in the number of quenching cycles reduced the heat transfer capacity of the granite,especially more than 10 quenching cycles,which also reflects that the thermal fatigue damage leads to a longer time for the temperature recovery of the hot dry rock mass.In addition,the three-dimensional nonlinear fitting relationship among thermal conductivity,temperature and cycle number was established for the first time,which can better reveal the change rule of thermal conductivity after quenching thermal fatigue effect of hot dry rock.The research results provide theoretical support for hot dry rock reservoir reconstruction and production efficiency evaluation.展开更多
A novel series of photocatalysts, bismuth oxyhalide （BiOX, X = Cl, Br, and Ⅰ）, were synthesized by a hydrolysis method. The powder sampies were characterized by the use of X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electr...A novel series of photocatalysts, bismuth oxyhalide （BiOX, X = Cl, Br, and Ⅰ）, were synthesized by a hydrolysis method. The powder sampies were characterized by the use of X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscope, and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The XRD pattern showed that all the BiOX were well crystallized in the tetragonal structure. The band gaps of the sheet-shaped compounds BiOX （X = Cl, Br, andⅠ） were 3.44, 2.76, and 1.85 eV, respectively. BiOBr showed the highest photocatalytic activity in degrading rhodamine B （RhB） and evolving 02 for its proper valence band （VB）. BiOI has no photocatalytic activity. BiOCl showed the highest activity in decomposing isopropanol because of electron-hole pair separation through trapping electrons by oxygen vacancies.展开更多
status, the incidence of complications, and completion rate of radiotherapy were evaluated. Besides, the length of hospital stay （LOS） and the in-patient cost were also compared between these two groups. Results： A...status, the incidence of complications, and completion rate of radiotherapy were evaluated. Besides, the length of hospital stay （LOS） and the in-patient cost were also compared between these two groups. Results： At the completion of CRF, the nutritional status in the NST group were much better than those in the control group, as evidenced by prealbumin （ALB）, transferrin, and ALB parameters （P = 0.001, 0.000, and 0.000, respectively）. The complication incidences, including bone marrow suppression （20% vs. 48%, P = 0.037） and complications related infections （ 12% vs. 44%, P = 0.012）, in the NST group were lower and significantly different from the control group. In addition, only one patient in the NST group did not complete the planned radiotherapy while 6 patients in the control group had interrupted or delayed radiotherapy （96% vs. 76%, P - 0.103）. Furthemlore, the average LOS was decreased by 4.5 days （P = 0.001 ） and in-patient cost was reduced to 1.26 ± 0.75 thousand US dollars person-times （P 〉 0.05） in the NST group. Conelusions： A NST could provide positive effects in esophageal cancer patients during concurrent CRT on maintaining their nutrition status and improving the compliance of CRF. Moreover, the NST could be helpful on reducing LOS and in-patient costs.展开更多
Background Previous studies reported interleukin-27 （IL-27）, interferon-y （IFN-γ）, or adenosine deaminase （ADA） alone plays a helpful role in diagnosing tuberculous pleural effusion （TPE）. The present study a...Background Previous studies reported interleukin-27 （IL-27）, interferon-y （IFN-γ）, or adenosine deaminase （ADA） alone plays a helpful role in diagnosing tuberculous pleural effusion （TPE）. The present study aims at comparing the diagnostic accuracy of pleural IL-27, IFN-γ, and ADA, and investigate the diagnostic accuracy of the combination of IL-27, IFN-γ, or/ and ADA for differentiating TPE from pleural effusions with the other etiologies. Methods The concentrations of IL-27, IFN-γ and ADA were simultaneously determined in pleural fluids and sera from 40 patients with TPE; 26 with malignant pleural effusion, seven with infectious pleural effusion, and eight with transudative pleural effusion by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and colorimetric method. The corresponding biochemical indexs were also simultaneously determined. Results The concentrations of pleural IL-27 and IFN-γ in the tuberculous group were significantly higher than those in the malignant, infectious, and transudative groups. The concentrations of ADA in TPE were significantly higher than those in MPE or transudative effusions, while much lower than those in infectious effusions. Among these three biomarkers, IL- 27 was the most effective for TPE diagnosis, with the cut off value of 900.8 ng/L. IL-27 had a high sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 97.6% for differential diagnosis of TPE from non-TPEs. Combinations of IL-27, IFN-γ and ADA measurements further increased the sensitivity or specificity up to 100%. Conclusions Compared to non-TPEs, IL-27, IFN-γ and ADA all simultaneously increased in TPE; and among these three rapid detection methods, IL-27 appeared to be the best for distinguishing tuberculous from non-TPEs, especially from MPE. Combinations of the three markers （IL-27, IFN-γ and ADA） yielded the highest sensitivity and specificity. These findings suggest that the applications of a new biomarker, IL-27, alone or with IFN-γ and ADA, may contribute to more efficient diagnosis strategies in the management 展开更多
Numerical simulations of 3D turbulent flow in a large-bore axial-flow pump coupled with half-elbow suction sump were perlbrmed by using CFD approach. The numerical model and velocity and pressure distributions in enti...Numerical simulations of 3D turbulent flow in a large-bore axial-flow pump coupled with half-elbow suction sump were perlbrmed by using CFD approach. The numerical model and velocity and pressure distributions in entire flow passage were presented. The obvious backflow in half-elbow suction sump and strong flow nonuniformity at suction sump outlet were observed, whereas these phenomena were not observed in existing studies performed for a separate suction sump by either experimental or numerical approach. This result indicates that the interaction between half-elbow suction sump and impeller has significant effect on the flow distribution in the pump passage. The change of pump efficiency caused by the interaction was discussed,展开更多
The application of nanotechnology for antimicrobial delivery has capacity to improve anti-bacterial efficacy.Currently,the usage of various inorganic and organic carriers,such as metal ions,nano-silicon and surfactant...The application of nanotechnology for antimicrobial delivery has capacity to improve anti-bacterial efficacy.Currently,the usage of various inorganic and organic carriers,such as metal ions,nano-silicon and surfactants,might increase the potential toxicity of nanoparticles and make their clinical transformation more difficult.Herein,a nano-delivery system was constructed by direct self-assembly of antibacterial phytochemicals(berberine and rhein)originated from traditional Chinese medicine Coptis chinensis Franch.and Rheum palmatum L.,respectively.Combining X-ray single crystal diffraction,nuclear magnetic resonance and other spectra characterizations,the stacked structure of nanoparticles was profoundly demonstrated.Briefly,rhein acted as the layered backbone and berberine embedded in it.In vitro bacteriostasis experiment showed the minimum bactericidal concentration of nanoparticles was 0.1μmol/mL,which was lower than that of berberine and rhein.The results of confocal laser scanning microscope,biofilm quantitive assay and scanning electron microscopy indicated that nanoparticles had strong inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus biofilm.More importantly,transmission electron microscopy and mass spectra indicated the further bacteriostatic mechanism of nanoparticles.Meanwhile,the nanoparticles had well biocompatibility and safety.Current study will open up new prospect that the design of self-assemblies between active phytochemicals can be originated from traditional Chinese medicine combination.展开更多
Telomerase has fundamental roles in bypassing cellular aging and in cancer progression by maintaining telomere homeostasis and integrity. However, recent studies have led some investigators to suggest novel biochemica...Telomerase has fundamental roles in bypassing cellular aging and in cancer progression by maintaining telomere homeostasis and integrity. However, recent studies have led some investigators to suggest novel biochemical properties of telomerase in several essential cell signaling pathways without apparent involvement of its well established function in telomere maintenance. These observations may further enhance our understanding of the molecular actions of telomerase in aging and cancer. This review will provide an update on the extracurricular activities of telomerase in apoptosis, DNA repair, stern cell function, and in the regulation of gene expression.展开更多
AIM: To elucidate the anti-inflammatory mechanism ofan intestinal neuropeptide, sulfated cholecystokininoctapeptide (sCCK-8), the effects of sCCK-8 onlipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factorpulmonary int...AIM: To elucidate the anti-inflammatory mechanism ofan intestinal neuropeptide, sulfated cholecystokininoctapeptide (sCCK-8), the effects of sCCK-8 onlipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factorpulmonary interstitial macrophages (PIMs) werestudied.METHODS: PIMs from rat were stimulated with LPS(:1mg @ L-1) in the presence or absence of sCCK-8 (10-8-:10-6mol@ L-1) or/and CCK receptor antagonistproglumide (2 mg @ L-1). The expression of TNF-α mRNAwas assayed by reverse transcription polymerase chainreaction (RT-PCR) at 3h of the stimulation, and nuclearelectrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) at 1 h ofat 30 min of the stimulation was detected by Westernblot.RESULTS: sCCK-8, at concentrations from 10-8 mol @ L-1to 10-6 mol @ L-1 obviously inhibited LPS-induced TNF-αdependent manner, P＜0.05, P＜0.01. Stimulation PIMsP＜0.01, which was elevated by sCCK-8, P＜0.05. Thewere attenuated by CCK receptor antagonistproglumide, P＜0.01.CONCLUSION: sCCK-8 inhibits LPS-induced TNF-α mRNAwhich is mediated through CCK receptors and inhibitinginflammatory mechanisms of sCCK-8.展开更多
The phenylalanine-tyrosine-dopa-dopamine pathway provides dopamine to the brain.Iin this process,tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)isthe rate-limiting enzyme that hydroxylates tyrosine and generates levodopa(L-dopa)with tetrany...The phenylalanine-tyrosine-dopa-dopamine pathway provides dopamine to the brain.Iin this process,tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)isthe rate-limiting enzyme that hydroxylates tyrosine and generates levodopa(L-dopa)with tetranydrobiopterin(BH_(4))as a coenzyme.Here,we show that oral berberine(BBR)might supply H^(·) through dihydroberberine(reduced BBR produced by bacterial nitroreductase)and promote the production of BHl from dihydrobiopterin;the increased BH,enhances TH activity,which accelerates the production of L-dopa by the gut bacteria.Oral BBR acts in a way similar to vitamins.The L-dopa produced by theintestinal bacteria enters the brain through the circulation and is transformed to dopamine.To verify the gut-brain dialog activatedby BBR's effect,Enterococcus foecalis or Enterococcus faecium was transplanted into Parkinson's disease(PD)mice.The bacteriasignificantly increased brain dopamine and ameliorated PD manifestation in mice;additionally,combination of BBR with bacteriashowed better therapeutic effect than that with bacteria alone.Moreover,2,4,6-trimethy-pyranylium tetrafluoroborate(TMP-TFB)-derivatized matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry(MALDI-MS)imaging of dopamine identihed elevated striataldopamine levels in mouse brains with oral Enterococcus,and BBR strengthened the imaging intensity of brain dopamine.Theseresults demonstrated that BBR was an agonist of TH in Enterococcus and could lead to the production of L-dopa in the gut.Furthermore,a study of 28 patients with hyperlipidemia conhrmed that oral BBR increased bloodfecal L-dopa by the intestinalbacteria.Hence,BBR might improve the brain function by upregulating the biosynthesis of-dopa in the gut microbiota through avitamin-like effect.展开更多
Twenty-nine species (24 genera, 6 families) of butterflies typical and common in northeast China were selected to make qualitative and quantitative studies on the pattern, hydrophobicity and hydrophobicity mechanism b...Twenty-nine species (24 genera, 6 families) of butterflies typical and common in northeast China were selected to make qualitative and quantitative studies on the pattern, hydrophobicity and hydrophobicity mechanism by means of scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measuring system. The scale surface is composed of submicro-class vertical gibbosities and horizontal links. The distance of scale is 48—91 μm, length 65—150 μm, and width 35—70 μm. The distance of submicro-class vertical gib-bosities on scale is 1.06—2.74 μm, height 200—900 nm, and width 200—840 nm. The better hydropho-bicity on the surface of butterfly wing (static contact angle 136.3°—156.6°) is contributed to the co-effects of micro-class scale and submicro-class vertical gibbosities on the wing surface. The Cassie equation was revised, and new mathematical models and equations were established.展开更多
In deep mineral exploration, the acquisition of audio magnetotelluric （AMT） data is severely affected by ambient noise near the observation sites; This near-field noise restricts investigation depths. Mathematical m...In deep mineral exploration, the acquisition of audio magnetotelluric （AMT） data is severely affected by ambient noise near the observation sites; This near-field noise restricts investigation depths. Mathematical morphological filtering （MMF） proved effective in suppressing large-scale strong and variably shaped noise, typically low-frequency noise, but can not deal with pulse noise of AMT data. We combine compressive sensing and MMF. First we use MMF to suppress the large-scale strong ambient noise; second, we use the improved orthogonal match pursuit （IOMP） algorithm to remove the residual pulse noise. To remove the noise and protect the useful AMT signal, a redundant dictionary that matches with spikes and is insensitive to the useful signal is designed. Synthetic and field data from the Luzong field suggest that the proposed method suppresses the near-source noise and preserves the signal well; thus, better results are obtained that improve the output of either MMF or IOMP.展开更多
Realizing sustainable development has become a global priority.This holds,in particular,for agriculture.Recently,the United Nations launched the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),and the Nineteenth National People’...Realizing sustainable development has become a global priority.This holds,in particular,for agriculture.Recently,the United Nations launched the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),and the Nineteenth National People’s Congress has delivered a national strategy for sustainable development in China—realizing green development.The overall objective of Agriculture Green Development(AGD)is to coordinate"green"with"development"to realize the transformation of current agriculture with high resource consumption and high environmental costs into a green agriculture and countryside with high productivity,high resource use efficiency and low environmental impact.This is a formidable task,requiring joint efforts of government,farmers,industry,educators and researchers.The innovative concept for AGD will focus on reconstructing the whole crop-animal production and food production-consumption system,with the emphasis on high thresholds for environmental standards and food quality as well as enhanced human well-being.This paper addresses the significance,challenges,framework,pathways and potential solutions for realizing AGD in China,and highlights the potential changes that will lead to a more sustainable agriculture in the future.Proposals include interdisciplinary innovations,whole food chain improvement and regional solutions.The implementation of AGD in China will provide important implications for the countries in developmental transition,and contribute to global sustainable development.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project(2017ZX10103011 and 2017ZX10204401)Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2017-I2M-1-009)+1 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Research and Development Project(JCYJ20180504165549581 and JCYJ20170413141236903)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019T120147).
文摘The outbreak of the 2019-nCoV infection began in December 2019 in Wuhan,Hubei province,and rapidly spread to many provinces in China as well as other countries.Here we report the epidemiological,clinical,laboratory,and radiological characteristics,as well as potential biomarkers for predicting disease severity in 2019-nCoV-infected patients in Shenzhen,China.All 12 cases of the 2019-nCoV-infected patients developed pneumonia and half of them developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).The most common laboratory abnormalities were hypoalbuminemia,lymphopenia,decreased percentage of lymphocytes (LYM) and neutrophils (NEU),elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),and decreased CD8 count.The viral load of 2019-nCoV detected from patient respiratory tracts was positively linked to lung disease severity.ALB,LYM,LYM (%),LDH,NEU (%),and CRP were highly correlated to the acute lung injury.Age,viral load,lung injury score,and blood biochemistry indexes,albumin (ALB),CRP,LDH,LYM (%),LYM,and NEU (%),may be predictors of disease severity.Moreover,the Angiotensin Ⅱlevel in the plasma sample from 2019-nCoV infected patients was markedly elevated and linearly associated to viral load and lung injury.Our results suggest a number of potential diagnosis biomarkers and angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) drugs for potential repurposing treatment of 2019-nCoV infection.
基金This work was supported by the project of Yunnan Innovation Team Project, the Hundreds Oversea Talents Program of Yunnan Province, the Top Talents Program of Yunnan Province （Grant 20080A009）, the Key Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province （201401 PC00397）, National Science Foundation of China （U0936603）, Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province （2008CC016）, Frontier Grant of Kunming Institute of Botany, CAS （672705232515）, Top Talents Program of Yunnan Province （20080A009）, and Hundreds Talents Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences （CAS） （to L.G.）.
文摘Tea is the world＇s oldest and most popular caffeine-containing beverage with immense economic, medicinal, and cultural importance. Here, we present the first high-quality nucleotide sequence of the repeat-rich （80.9%）, 3.02-Gb genome of the cultivated tea tree Camellia sinensis. We show that an extraordinarily large genome size of tea tree is resulted from the slow, steady, and long-term amplification of a few LTR retrotransposon families. In addition to a recent whole-genome duplication event, lineage-specific expansions of genes associated with flavonoid metabolic biosynthesis were discovered, which enhance catechin production, terpene enzyme activation, and stress tolerance, important features for tea flavor and adaptation. We demonstrate an independent and rapid evolution of the tea caffeine synthesis pathway relative to cacao and coffee. A comparative study among 25 Camellia species revealed that higher expression levels of most flavonoid- and caffeinebut not theanine-related genes contribute to the increased production of catechins and caffeine and thus enhance tea-processing suitability and tea quality. These novel findings pave the way for further metabolomic and functional genomic refinement of characteristic biosynthesis pathways and will help develop a more diversified set of tea flavors that would eventually satisfy and attract more tea drinkers worldwide.
基金This work was financially supported by Grant No.81773341,82073458,81830096 from the National Natural Science Foundationthe Major Projects of International Cooperation and Exchanges NSFC Grant No.81620108024+1 种基金the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(111 Project,No.B20017)Scientific Research and Innovation Project of postgraduates in Hunan Province Grant No.1053320192834.
文摘Currently,pyroptosis has received more and more attention because of its association with innate immunity and disease.The research scope of pyroptosis has expanded with the discovery of the gasdermin family.A great deal of evidence shows that pyroptosis can affect the development of tumors.The relationship between pyroptosis and tumors is diverse in different tissues and genetic backgrounds.In this review,we provide basic knowledge of pyroptosis,explain the relationship between pyroptosis and tumors,and focus on the significance of pyroptosis in tumor treatment.In addition,we further summarize the possibility of pyroptosis as a potential tumor treatment strategy and describe the side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy caused by pyroptosis.In brief,pyroptosis is a double-edged sword for tumors.The rational use of this dual effect will help us further explore the formation and development of tumors,and provide ideas for patients to develop new drugs based on pyroptosis.
基金Supported by the Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China No.81221061the National Natural Science Foundation of China No.81072026,No.81272662 and No.81472278
文摘In 2010, a panel of Chinese pathologists reported the first expert consensus for the pathological diagnosis of primary liver cancers to address the many contradictions and inconsistencies in the pathological characteristics and diagnostic criteria for PLC. Since then considerable clinicopathological studies have been conducted globally, prompting us to update the practice guidelines for the pathological diagnosis of PLC. In April 18, 2014, a Guideline Committee consisting of 40 specialists from seven Chinese Societies(including Chinese Society of Liver Cancer, Chinese Anti-Cancer Association; Liver Cancer Study Group, Chinese Society of Hepatology, Chinese Medical Association; Chinese Society of Pathology, Chinese Anti-Cancer Association; Digestive Disease Group, Chinese Society of Pathology, Chinese Medical Association; Chinese Society of Surgery, Chinese Medical Association; Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology, Chinese Anti-Cancer Association; Pathological Group of Hepatobiliary Tumor and Liver Transplantation, Chinese Society of Pathology, Chinese Medical Association) was created for the formulation of the first guidelines for the standardization of the pathological diagnosis of PLC, mainly focusing on the following topics: gross specimen sampling, concepts and diagnostic criteria of small hepatocellular carcinoma(SHCC), microvascular invasion(MVI), satellite nodules,and immunohistochemical and molecular diagnosis. The present updated guidelines are reflective of current clinicopathological studies, and include a novel 7-point baseline sampling protocol, which stipulate that at least four tissue specimens should be sampled at the junction of the tumor and adjacent liver tissues in a 1:1 ratio at the 12, 3, 6 and 9 o'clock reference positions. For the purposes of molecular pathological examination, at least one specimen should be sampled at the intratumoral zone, but more specimens should be sampled for tumors harboring different textures or colors. Specimens should be sampled at both adjacent and distant peri
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81760120 and No.81960128the Key Program of Science and Technology Department of Jiangxi Province,No.20171BBG70084 and No.20192ACBL20037.
文摘Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a common gastrointestinal disorder.Approximately15%-20%of patients develop severe AP.Systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome may be caused by the massive release of inflammatory cytokines in the early stage of severe AP,followed by intestinal dysfunction and pancreatic necrosis in the later stage.A study showed that 59%of AP patients had associated intestinal barrier injury,with increased intestinal mucosal permeability,leading to intestinal bacterial translocation,pancreatic tissue necrosis and infection,and the occurrence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.However,the real effect of the gut microbiota and its metabolites on intestinal barrier function in AP remains unclear.This review summarizes the alterations in the intestinal flora and its metabolites during AP development and progression to unveil the mechanism of gut failure in AP.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81300273
文摘AIM:To compare the effect of endoscopic variceal ligation(EVL)with that of endoscopic injection sclerotherapy(EIS)in the treatment of patients withesophageal variceal bleeding.METHODS:We performed a systematic literature search of multiple online electronic databases.Metaanalysis was conducted to evaluate risk ratio(RR)and95%confidence interval(CI)of combined studies for the treatment of patients with esophageal variceal bleeding between EVL and EIS.RESULTS:Fourteen studies comprising 1236 patients were included in the meta-analysis.The rebleeding rate in actively bleeding varices patients in the EVL group was significantly lower than that in the EIS group(RR=0.68,95%CI:0.57-0.81).The variceal eradication rate in actively bleeding varices patients in the EVL group was significantly higher than that in the EIS group(RR=1.06,95%CI:1.01-1.12).There was no significant difference about mortality rate between the EVL group and EIS group(RR=0.95,95%CI:0.77-1.17).The rate of complications in actively bleeding varices patients in the EVL group was significantly lower than that in the EIS group(RR=0.28,95%CI:0.13-0.58).CONCLUSION:Our meta-analysis has found that EVL is better than EIS in terms of the lower rates of rebleeding,complications,and the higher rate of variceal eradication.Therefore,EVL is the first choice for esophageal variceal bleeding.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51904063)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.N2025023,N172503016,N172502005,and N172506011)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2018M640259)the Xingliao Talent Plan(No.XLYC1902118)。
文摘Hydrogen metallurgy is a technology that applies hydrogen instead of carbon as a reduction agent to reduce CO2 emission,and the use of hydrogen is beneficial to promoting the sustainable development of the steel industry.Hydrogen metallurgy has numerous applications,such as H2reduction ironmaking in Japan,ULCORED and hydrogen-based steelmaking in Europe;hydrogen flash ironmaking technology in the US;HYBRIT in the Nordics;Midrex H2TM by Midrex Technologies,Inc.(United States);H2FUTURE by Voestalpine(Austria);and SALCOS by Salzgitter AG(Germany).Hydrogen-rich blast furnaces(BFs)with COG injection are common in China.Running BFs have been industrially tested by AnSteel,XuSteel,and BenSteel.In a currently under construction pilot plant of a coal gasification–gas-based shaft furnace with an annual output of 10000 t direct reduction iron(DRI),a reducing gas composed of 57 vol%H2 and 38 vol%CO is prepared via the Ende method.The life cycle of the coal gasification–gas-based shaft furnace–electric furnace short process(30 wt%DRI+70 wt%scrap)is assessed with 1 t of molten steel as a functional unit.This plant has a total energy consumption per ton of steel of 263.67 kg standard coal and a CO2 emission per ton of steel of 829.89 kg,which are superior to those of a traditional BF converter process.Considering domestic materials and fuels,hydrogen production and storage,and hydrogen reduction characteristics,we believe that a hydrogen-rich shaft furnace will be suitable in China.Hydrogen production and storage with an economic and large-scale industrialization will promote the further development of a full hydrogen shaft furnace.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50778110)
文摘Statistical experimental designs were used to optimize the process of phenol degradation by Candida tropicalis Z-04, isolated from phenol-degrading aerobic granules. The most important factors influencing phenol degradation （p 〈 0.05）, as identified by a two-level Plackett-Burman design with 11 variables, were yeast extract, phenol, inoculum size, and temperature. Steepest ascent method was undertaken to determine the optimal regions of these four significant factors. Central composite design （CCD） and response surface analysis were adopted to further investigate the mutual interactions between these variables and to identify their optimal values that would generate maximum phenol degradation. The analysis results indicated that interactions between yeast extract and temperature, phenol and temperature, inocuhim size and temperature affected the response variable （phenol degradation） significantly. The predicted results showed that the maximum removal efficiency of phenol （99.10%） could be obtained under the optimum conditions of yeast extract 0.41 g/L, phenol 1.03 g/L, inoculum size 1.43% （V/V） and temperature 30.04℃. These predicted values were further verified by validation experiments. The excellent correlation between predicted and experimental values confirmed the validity and practicability of this statistical optimum strategy. This study indicated the excellent ability of C. tropicalis Z-04 in degrading high-strength phenol. Optimal conditions obtained in this experiment laid a solid foundation for further use of this microorganism in the treatment of highstrength phenol effluents.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2013603,52004167,52078477,51827901,and U1965203)Sichuan International Technological innovation Cooperation Project(No.2018HH0159)。
文摘During the development of hot dry rock,the research on thermal fatigue damage caused by thermal shock of cold and heat cycles is the basis that ensures the long-term utilization of geothermal resources,but there are not enough relevant studies at present.Based on this,the thermal damage tests of granite at different temperatures(250,350,450°C)and quenching cycles(1,5,10,15 cycles)were carried out.Preliminary reveals the damage mechanism and heat transfer law of the quenching cycle effect on hot dry rock.The results show that with the increase of temperature and cycles,the uneven thermal expansion of minerals and the thermal shock caused by quenching promote the crack development of granite,resulting in the decrease of P-wave velocity,thermal conductivity and uniaxial compressive strength of granite.Meanwhile,the COMSOL was used to simulate the heat transfer of hot dry rock under different heat treatment conditions.It concluded that the increase in the number of quenching cycles reduced the heat transfer capacity of the granite,especially more than 10 quenching cycles,which also reflects that the thermal fatigue damage leads to a longer time for the temperature recovery of the hot dry rock mass.In addition,the three-dimensional nonlinear fitting relationship among thermal conductivity,temperature and cycle number was established for the first time,which can better reveal the change rule of thermal conductivity after quenching thermal fatigue effect of hot dry rock.The research results provide theoretical support for hot dry rock reservoir reconstruction and production efficiency evaluation.
基金This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50471004)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Universities,and the Foundation from Engineering Research Institute,Peking University(No.204031)
文摘A novel series of photocatalysts, bismuth oxyhalide （BiOX, X = Cl, Br, and Ⅰ）, were synthesized by a hydrolysis method. The powder sampies were characterized by the use of X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscope, and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The XRD pattern showed that all the BiOX were well crystallized in the tetragonal structure. The band gaps of the sheet-shaped compounds BiOX （X = Cl, Br, andⅠ） were 3.44, 2.76, and 1.85 eV, respectively. BiOBr showed the highest photocatalytic activity in degrading rhodamine B （RhB） and evolving 02 for its proper valence band （VB）. BiOI has no photocatalytic activity. BiOCl showed the highest activity in decomposing isopropanol because of electron-hole pair separation through trapping electrons by oxygen vacancies.
文摘status, the incidence of complications, and completion rate of radiotherapy were evaluated. Besides, the length of hospital stay （LOS） and the in-patient cost were also compared between these two groups. Results： At the completion of CRF, the nutritional status in the NST group were much better than those in the control group, as evidenced by prealbumin （ALB）, transferrin, and ALB parameters （P = 0.001, 0.000, and 0.000, respectively）. The complication incidences, including bone marrow suppression （20% vs. 48%, P = 0.037） and complications related infections （ 12% vs. 44%, P = 0.012）, in the NST group were lower and significantly different from the control group. In addition, only one patient in the NST group did not complete the planned radiotherapy while 6 patients in the control group had interrupted or delayed radiotherapy （96% vs. 76%, P - 0.103）. Furthemlore, the average LOS was decreased by 4.5 days （P = 0.001 ） and in-patient cost was reduced to 1.26 ± 0.75 thousand US dollars person-times （P 〉 0.05） in the NST group. Conelusions： A NST could provide positive effects in esophageal cancer patients during concurrent CRT on maintaining their nutrition status and improving the compliance of CRF. Moreover, the NST could be helpful on reducing LOS and in-patient costs.
基金This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China，Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (No.0728137).The authors have declared that no conflict of interest exists
文摘Background Previous studies reported interleukin-27 （IL-27）, interferon-y （IFN-γ）, or adenosine deaminase （ADA） alone plays a helpful role in diagnosing tuberculous pleural effusion （TPE）. The present study aims at comparing the diagnostic accuracy of pleural IL-27, IFN-γ, and ADA, and investigate the diagnostic accuracy of the combination of IL-27, IFN-γ, or/ and ADA for differentiating TPE from pleural effusions with the other etiologies. Methods The concentrations of IL-27, IFN-γ and ADA were simultaneously determined in pleural fluids and sera from 40 patients with TPE; 26 with malignant pleural effusion, seven with infectious pleural effusion, and eight with transudative pleural effusion by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and colorimetric method. The corresponding biochemical indexs were also simultaneously determined. Results The concentrations of pleural IL-27 and IFN-γ in the tuberculous group were significantly higher than those in the malignant, infectious, and transudative groups. The concentrations of ADA in TPE were significantly higher than those in MPE or transudative effusions, while much lower than those in infectious effusions. Among these three biomarkers, IL- 27 was the most effective for TPE diagnosis, with the cut off value of 900.8 ng/L. IL-27 had a high sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 97.6% for differential diagnosis of TPE from non-TPEs. Combinations of IL-27, IFN-γ and ADA measurements further increased the sensitivity or specificity up to 100%. Conclusions Compared to non-TPEs, IL-27, IFN-γ and ADA all simultaneously increased in TPE; and among these three rapid detection methods, IL-27 appeared to be the best for distinguishing tuberculous from non-TPEs, especially from MPE. Combinations of the three markers （IL-27, IFN-γ and ADA） yielded the highest sensitivity and specificity. These findings suggest that the applications of a new biomarker, IL-27, alone or with IFN-γ and ADA, may contribute to more efficient diagnosis strategies in the management
基金Project supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos: 10372114, 50479008 and 90510007) and Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Universities of China (Grant No: NCET-04-0133).
文摘Numerical simulations of 3D turbulent flow in a large-bore axial-flow pump coupled with half-elbow suction sump were perlbrmed by using CFD approach. The numerical model and velocity and pressure distributions in entire flow passage were presented. The obvious backflow in half-elbow suction sump and strong flow nonuniformity at suction sump outlet were observed, whereas these phenomena were not observed in existing studies performed for a separate suction sump by either experimental or numerical approach. This result indicates that the interaction between half-elbow suction sump and impeller has significant effect on the flow distribution in the pump passage. The change of pump efficiency caused by the interaction was discussed,
基金funded by the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No.7202116,China)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81603256)+2 种基金project of China Association of Chinese Medicine(CACM-2018-QNRC2-B08)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(BUCM-2019-JCRC002,BUCM-2018-2020 and 2019-JYBTD005,China)Beijing Key Laboratory for Basic and Development Research on Chinese Medicine(Beijing,China)
文摘The application of nanotechnology for antimicrobial delivery has capacity to improve anti-bacterial efficacy.Currently,the usage of various inorganic and organic carriers,such as metal ions,nano-silicon and surfactants,might increase the potential toxicity of nanoparticles and make their clinical transformation more difficult.Herein,a nano-delivery system was constructed by direct self-assembly of antibacterial phytochemicals(berberine and rhein)originated from traditional Chinese medicine Coptis chinensis Franch.and Rheum palmatum L.,respectively.Combining X-ray single crystal diffraction,nuclear magnetic resonance and other spectra characterizations,the stacked structure of nanoparticles was profoundly demonstrated.Briefly,rhein acted as the layered backbone and berberine embedded in it.In vitro bacteriostasis experiment showed the minimum bactericidal concentration of nanoparticles was 0.1μmol/mL,which was lower than that of berberine and rhein.The results of confocal laser scanning microscope,biofilm quantitive assay and scanning electron microscopy indicated that nanoparticles had strong inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus biofilm.More importantly,transmission electron microscopy and mass spectra indicated the further bacteriostatic mechanism of nanoparticles.Meanwhile,the nanoparticles had well biocompatibility and safety.Current study will open up new prospect that the design of self-assemblies between active phytochemicals can be originated from traditional Chinese medicine combination.
基金Acknowledgments Research in author＇s lab was supported in part by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30671065）, the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of High Education （No. 20060027008）, and the National Important Basic Research Project （No. 2007CB507402） to Yusheng Cong. Support from NASA grants NNJ06HD92G and NNJ05HD36G （JWS） is acknowledged.
文摘Telomerase has fundamental roles in bypassing cellular aging and in cancer progression by maintaining telomere homeostasis and integrity. However, recent studies have led some investigators to suggest novel biochemical properties of telomerase in several essential cell signaling pathways without apparent involvement of its well established function in telomere maintenance. These observations may further enhance our understanding of the molecular actions of telomerase in aging and cancer. This review will provide an update on the extracurricular activities of telomerase in apoptosis, DNA repair, stern cell function, and in the regulation of gene expression.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,No.300322
文摘AIM: To elucidate the anti-inflammatory mechanism ofan intestinal neuropeptide, sulfated cholecystokininoctapeptide (sCCK-8), the effects of sCCK-8 onlipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factorpulmonary interstitial macrophages (PIMs) werestudied.METHODS: PIMs from rat were stimulated with LPS(:1mg @ L-1) in the presence or absence of sCCK-8 (10-8-:10-6mol@ L-1) or/and CCK receptor antagonistproglumide (2 mg @ L-1). The expression of TNF-α mRNAwas assayed by reverse transcription polymerase chainreaction (RT-PCR) at 3h of the stimulation, and nuclearelectrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) at 1 h ofat 30 min of the stimulation was detected by Westernblot.RESULTS: sCCK-8, at concentrations from 10-8 mol @ L-1to 10-6 mol @ L-1 obviously inhibited LPS-induced TNF-αdependent manner, P＜0.05, P＜0.01. Stimulation PIMsP＜0.01, which was elevated by sCCK-8, P＜0.05. Thewere attenuated by CCK receptor antagonistproglumide, P＜0.01.CONCLUSION: sCCK-8 inhibits LPS-induced TNF-α mRNAwhich is mediated through CCK receptors and inhibitinginflammatory mechanisms of sCCK-8.
基金supported by CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMSNo.2016-I2M-3-011)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81573493 and 81973290)Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD study(Z141102004414062)the Key Project of Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.7181007)National Mega-project for Innovative Drugs and the National Megaproject for Innovative Drugs(No.2018ZX09711001-002-002).
文摘The phenylalanine-tyrosine-dopa-dopamine pathway provides dopamine to the brain.Iin this process,tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)isthe rate-limiting enzyme that hydroxylates tyrosine and generates levodopa(L-dopa)with tetranydrobiopterin(BH_(4))as a coenzyme.Here,we show that oral berberine(BBR)might supply H^(·) through dihydroberberine(reduced BBR produced by bacterial nitroreductase)and promote the production of BHl from dihydrobiopterin;the increased BH,enhances TH activity,which accelerates the production of L-dopa by the gut bacteria.Oral BBR acts in a way similar to vitamins.The L-dopa produced by theintestinal bacteria enters the brain through the circulation and is transformed to dopamine.To verify the gut-brain dialog activatedby BBR's effect,Enterococcus foecalis or Enterococcus faecium was transplanted into Parkinson's disease(PD)mice.The bacteriasignificantly increased brain dopamine and ameliorated PD manifestation in mice;additionally,combination of BBR with bacteriashowed better therapeutic effect than that with bacteria alone.Moreover,2,4,6-trimethy-pyranylium tetrafluoroborate(TMP-TFB)-derivatized matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry(MALDI-MS)imaging of dopamine identihed elevated striataldopamine levels in mouse brains with oral Enterococcus,and BBR strengthened the imaging intensity of brain dopamine.Theseresults demonstrated that BBR was an agonist of TH in Enterococcus and could lead to the production of L-dopa in the gut.Furthermore,a study of 28 patients with hyperlipidemia conhrmed that oral BBR increased bloodfecal L-dopa by the intestinalbacteria.Hence,BBR might improve the brain function by upregulating the biosynthesis of-dopa in the gut microbiota through avitamin-like effect.
基金Supported by Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50635030)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (Grant No. 20040183048)
文摘Twenty-nine species (24 genera, 6 families) of butterflies typical and common in northeast China were selected to make qualitative and quantitative studies on the pattern, hydrophobicity and hydrophobicity mechanism by means of scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measuring system. The scale surface is composed of submicro-class vertical gibbosities and horizontal links. The distance of scale is 48—91 μm, length 65—150 μm, and width 35—70 μm. The distance of submicro-class vertical gib-bosities on scale is 1.06—2.74 μm, height 200—900 nm, and width 200—840 nm. The better hydropho-bicity on the surface of butterfly wing (static contact angle 136.3°—156.6°) is contributed to the co-effects of micro-class scale and submicro-class vertical gibbosities on the wing surface. The Cassie equation was revised, and new mathematical models and equations were established.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2014AA06A602)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41404111)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2015JJ3088)
文摘In deep mineral exploration, the acquisition of audio magnetotelluric （AMT） data is severely affected by ambient noise near the observation sites; This near-field noise restricts investigation depths. Mathematical morphological filtering （MMF） proved effective in suppressing large-scale strong and variably shaped noise, typically low-frequency noise, but can not deal with pulse noise of AMT data. We combine compressive sensing and MMF. First we use MMF to suppress the large-scale strong ambient noise; second, we use the improved orthogonal match pursuit （IOMP） algorithm to remove the residual pulse noise. To remove the noise and protect the useful AMT signal, a redundant dictionary that matches with spikes and is insensitive to the useful signal is designed. Synthetic and field data from the Luzong field suggest that the proposed method suppresses the near-source noise and preserves the signal well; thus, better results are obtained that improve the output of either MMF or IOMP.
基金supported by the Project of Beijing’s Top-Precision-Advanced Disciplinesthe CSC-AGD Ph D Program from China Scholarship Council(CSC)the Key Consulting Project of the Chinese Academy of Engineering。
文摘Realizing sustainable development has become a global priority.This holds,in particular,for agriculture.Recently,the United Nations launched the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),and the Nineteenth National People’s Congress has delivered a national strategy for sustainable development in China—realizing green development.The overall objective of Agriculture Green Development(AGD)is to coordinate"green"with"development"to realize the transformation of current agriculture with high resource consumption and high environmental costs into a green agriculture and countryside with high productivity,high resource use efficiency and low environmental impact.This is a formidable task,requiring joint efforts of government,farmers,industry,educators and researchers.The innovative concept for AGD will focus on reconstructing the whole crop-animal production and food production-consumption system,with the emphasis on high thresholds for environmental standards and food quality as well as enhanced human well-being.This paper addresses the significance,challenges,framework,pathways and potential solutions for realizing AGD in China,and highlights the potential changes that will lead to a more sustainable agriculture in the future.Proposals include interdisciplinary innovations,whole food chain improvement and regional solutions.The implementation of AGD in China will provide important implications for the countries in developmental transition,and contribute to global sustainable development.
