1.The crucial role of heating decarbonization in achieving carbon neutrality in China by 2060,The decarbonization of heating,in both buildings and industries,presents a major challenge and opportunity for China if the...1.The crucial role of heating decarbonization in achieving carbon neutrality in China by 2060,The decarbonization of heating,in both buildings and industries,presents a major challenge and opportunity for China if the nation is going to meet its 2060 commitment to carbon neutrality.Currently,as shown in Fig.1(a)[1],the buildings and industrial sectors share the largest proportion(more than 70%)of end-use energy demand in China.In the buildings sector,heating accounts for half of the energy demand[2];in the industrial sector,50%-70%of the energy demand is for process heating[3].As summarized in Fig.1(b)[3],heating demand in the buildings sector usually requires temperatures below 80℃;in different areas of the industrial sector—including but not limited to distillation,drying,and dyeing—the heating demand ranges across various temperatures that are mainly lower than 170℃.On average,more than 40%of industrial heat consumption falls below 150℃[4].展开更多
随着半导体器件特征尺寸的快速减小,人们开始关注深度摩尔(more Moore)以及超越摩尔(more than Moore)的发展.为了实现取代传统硅基电路的技术,人们正在尝试将硅基计算转化到分子计算中.这种转化依赖于,以生物材料为基础的、具有类似于...随着半导体器件特征尺寸的快速减小,人们开始关注深度摩尔(more Moore)以及超越摩尔(more than Moore)的发展.为了实现取代传统硅基电路的技术,人们正在尝试将硅基计算转化到分子计算中.这种转化依赖于,以生物材料为基础的、具有类似于计算机逻辑的模块化编程,其目的是实现图灵机.为了达到这个目的,以DNA为基础的组合逻辑是我们首先需要考虑的.本文分别从模拟计算和数字计算两方面介绍了,基于DNA的组合逻辑实现.总结了最新的研究成果,为感兴趣的读者提供了快速理解DNA计算的渠道.同时,我们也希望启发读者对现有技术进行讨论,进而提出创新的解决方案.我们希望这篇文章能够为未来的DNA计算的发展铺平道路.展开更多
目的通过DWI单指数模型与体素内不相干运动(intravoxel incoherent m o t i o n,I V I M)模型相关参数的比较,探讨二者评估乳腺癌新辅助化疗(neoadjuvant chemotherapy,NAC)疗效的应用价值。材料与方法选取30例经穿刺活检病理证实为乳...目的通过DWI单指数模型与体素内不相干运动(intravoxel incoherent m o t i o n,I V I M)模型相关参数的比较,探讨二者评估乳腺癌新辅助化疗(neoadjuvant chemotherapy,NAC)疗效的应用价值。材料与方法选取30例经穿刺活检病理证实为乳腺癌并接受NAC治疗的病人进行研究,根据Miller&Payne病理反应分级标准将其分为有效组(19例)与无效组(11例)。回顾性分析所有病例NAC前、第二疗程末及第四疗程末MR影像学资料并获得DWI单指数模型表观弥散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC)、IVIM参数单纯弥散系数(Ds)、灌注相关弥散系数(Df)和灌注分数(f)。采用两独立样本t检验对NAC前有效组与无效组间各参数进行比较分析;通过ROC曲线对不同参数的诊断效能进行比较分析;采用配对样本t检验分别对第二、四疗程末与NAC前各参数进行比较分析。结果 NAC前有效组ADC值、Ds值显著高于无效组;ADC值、Ds值在NAC前预测疗效的敏感度、特异度等未见明显差异;NAC第二疗程末ADC值、第二、四疗程末Ds值较NAC前显著升高;第四疗程末f值较NAC前降低。结论 ADC值和Ds值有助于治疗前预测NAC疗效,且其诊断效能相当,在NAC治疗过程中,ADC、Ds及f值对判断NAC疗效有一定的作用,单指数模型是一种较好的评估乳腺癌NAC疗效的方法。展开更多
基金supported by the Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52036004).
文摘1.The crucial role of heating decarbonization in achieving carbon neutrality in China by 2060,The decarbonization of heating,in both buildings and industries,presents a major challenge and opportunity for China if the nation is going to meet its 2060 commitment to carbon neutrality.Currently,as shown in Fig.1(a)[1],the buildings and industrial sectors share the largest proportion(more than 70%)of end-use energy demand in China.In the buildings sector,heating accounts for half of the energy demand[2];in the industrial sector,50%-70%of the energy demand is for process heating[3].As summarized in Fig.1(b)[3],heating demand in the buildings sector usually requires temperatures below 80℃;in different areas of the industrial sector—including but not limited to distillation,drying,and dyeing—the heating demand ranges across various temperatures that are mainly lower than 170℃.On average,more than 40%of industrial heat consumption falls below 150℃[4].
文摘随着半导体器件特征尺寸的快速减小,人们开始关注深度摩尔(more Moore)以及超越摩尔(more than Moore)的发展.为了实现取代传统硅基电路的技术,人们正在尝试将硅基计算转化到分子计算中.这种转化依赖于,以生物材料为基础的、具有类似于计算机逻辑的模块化编程,其目的是实现图灵机.为了达到这个目的,以DNA为基础的组合逻辑是我们首先需要考虑的.本文分别从模拟计算和数字计算两方面介绍了,基于DNA的组合逻辑实现.总结了最新的研究成果,为感兴趣的读者提供了快速理解DNA计算的渠道.同时,我们也希望启发读者对现有技术进行讨论,进而提出创新的解决方案.我们希望这篇文章能够为未来的DNA计算的发展铺平道路.
文摘目的通过DWI单指数模型与体素内不相干运动(intravoxel incoherent m o t i o n,I V I M)模型相关参数的比较,探讨二者评估乳腺癌新辅助化疗(neoadjuvant chemotherapy,NAC)疗效的应用价值。材料与方法选取30例经穿刺活检病理证实为乳腺癌并接受NAC治疗的病人进行研究,根据Miller&Payne病理反应分级标准将其分为有效组(19例)与无效组(11例)。回顾性分析所有病例NAC前、第二疗程末及第四疗程末MR影像学资料并获得DWI单指数模型表观弥散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC)、IVIM参数单纯弥散系数(Ds)、灌注相关弥散系数(Df)和灌注分数(f)。采用两独立样本t检验对NAC前有效组与无效组间各参数进行比较分析;通过ROC曲线对不同参数的诊断效能进行比较分析;采用配对样本t检验分别对第二、四疗程末与NAC前各参数进行比较分析。结果 NAC前有效组ADC值、Ds值显著高于无效组;ADC值、Ds值在NAC前预测疗效的敏感度、特异度等未见明显差异;NAC第二疗程末ADC值、第二、四疗程末Ds值较NAC前显著升高;第四疗程末f值较NAC前降低。结论 ADC值和Ds值有助于治疗前预测NAC疗效,且其诊断效能相当,在NAC治疗过程中,ADC、Ds及f值对判断NAC疗效有一定的作用,单指数模型是一种较好的评估乳腺癌NAC疗效的方法。
