For long distance optical interconnects,1.3-μm surface-emitting lasers are key devices.However,the low output power of several milliwatts limits their application.In this study,by introducing a two-dimensional photon...For long distance optical interconnects,1.3-μm surface-emitting lasers are key devices.However,the low output power of several milliwatts limits their application.In this study,by introducing a two-dimensional photonic-crystal and using InAs quantum dots as active materials,a continuous-wave,13.3-mW output power,1.3-μm wavelength,room-temperature surface-emitting laser is achieved.In addition,such a device can be operated at high temperatures of up to 90℃.The enhanced output power results from the flat band structure of the photonic crystal and an extra feedback mechanism.Surface emission is realized by photonic crystal diffraction and thus the distributed Bragg reflector is eliminated.The proposed device provides a means to overcome the limitations of low-power 1.3-μm surface-emitting lasers and increase the number of applications thereof.展开更多
Background:Currently,more and more infertility couples are opting for combined acupuncture to improve success rate of in vitro fertilization(IVF).However,evidence from acupuncture for improving IVF pregnancy outcomes ...Background:Currently,more and more infertility couples are opting for combined acupuncture to improve success rate of in vitro fertilization(IVF).However,evidence from acupuncture for improving IVF pregnancy outcomes remains a matter of debate.Objective:To quantitatively summarized the evidence of the efficacy of acupuncture among women undergoing IVF by means of systematic review and meta-analysis.Methods:Four English(PubMed,Web of Science,EMBASE,and Cochrane Register of Controlled Clinical Trials)and Four Chinese databases(Wanfang Databases,Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure,Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database,and SinoMed)were searched from database inception until July 2,2023.Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)that evaluated the acupuncture’s effects for women undergoing IVF were included.The subgroup analysis was conducted with respect to the age of participants,different acupuncture types,type of control,acupuncture timing,geographical origin of the study,whether or not repeated IVF failure,and acupuncture sessions.Sensitivity analyses were predefined to explore the robustness of results.The primary outcomes were clinical pregnancy rate(CPR)and live birth rate(LBR),and the secondary outcomes were ongoing pregnancy rate and miscarriage rate.Random effects model with I^(2)statistics were used to quantify heterogeneity.Publication bias was estimated by funnel plots and Egger’s tests.Results:A total of 58eligible RCTs representing 10,968 women undergoing IVF for pregnant success were identified.Pooled CPR and LBR showed a significant difference between acupuncture and control groups[69 comparisons,relative risk(RR)1.19,95%confidence intervals(CI)1.12 to 1.25,I^(2)=0],extremely low evidence;23 comparisons,RR 1.11,95%CI 1.02 to 1.21,I^(2)=14.6,low evidence,respectively.Only transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation showed a positive effect on both CPR(16 comparisons,RR 1.17,95%CI 1.06 to 1.29;I^(2)=0,moderate evidence)and LBR(9 comparisons,RR 1.20,95%CI 1.04 to 1.37;I^(2)=8.5,extremel展开更多
Background The placebo response of sham acupuncture in patients with primary dysmenorrhea is a substantial factor associated with analgesia.However,the magnitude of the placebo response is unclear.Objective This meta-...Background The placebo response of sham acupuncture in patients with primary dysmenorrhea is a substantial factor associated with analgesia.However,the magnitude of the placebo response is unclear.Objective This meta-analysis assessed the effects of sham acupuncture in patients with primary dysmenorrhea and the factors contributing to these effects.Search strategy PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,and Cochrane CENTRAL databases were searched from inception up to August 20,2022.Inclusion criteria Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)using sham acupuncture as a control for female patients of reproductive age with primary dysmenorrhea were included.Data extraction and analysis Pain intensity,retrospective symptom scale,and health-related quality of life were outcome measures used in these trials.Placebo response was defined as the change in the outcome of interest from baseline to endpoint.We used standardized mean difference(SMD)to estimate the effect size of the placebo response.Results Thirteen RCTs were included.The pooled placebo response size for pain intensity was the largest(SMD=−0.99;95%confidence interval[CI],−1.31 to−0.68),followed by the retrospective symptom scale(Total frequency rating score:SMD=−0.20;95%CI,−0.80 to−0.39.Average severity score:SMD=−0.35;95%CI,−0.90 to−0.20)and physical component of SF-36(SMD=0.27;95%CI,−0.17 to 0.72).Studies using blunt-tip needles,single-center trials,studies with a low risk of bias,studies in which patients had a longer disease course,studies in which clinicians had<5 years of experience,and trials conducted outside Asia were more likely to have a lower placebo response.Conclusion Strong placebo response and some relative factors were found in patients with primary dysmenorrhea.PROSPERO registration number:CRD42022304215.展开更多
Background: Low back pain(LBP) is a prevalent and debilitating condition that poses a significant burden on healthcare systems. Acupuncture has been proposed as a promising intervention for LBP, but the evidence suppo...Background: Low back pain(LBP) is a prevalent and debilitating condition that poses a significant burden on healthcare systems. Acupuncture has been proposed as a promising intervention for LBP, but the evidence supporting its specific effect is insufficient, and the use of sham acupuncture as a control in clinical trials presents challenges due to variations in sham acupuncture techniques and the magnitude of the placebo effect.Objective: To investigate the magnitude of the placebo response of sham acupuncture in trials of acupuncture for nonspecific LBP, and to assess whether different types of sham acupuncture are associated with different responses. Methods: Four databases including PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library were searched through April 15, 2023, and randomized controlled trials(RCTs) were included if they randomized patients with LBP to receive acupuncture or sham acupuncture intervention. The main outcomes included the placebo response in pain intensity, back-specific function and quality of life. Placebo response was defined as the change in these outcome measures from baseline to the end of treatment. Random-effects models were used to synthesize the results, standardized mean differences(SMDs, Hedges’ g) were applied to estimate the effect size. Results: A total of 18 RCTs with 3,321 patients were included. Sham acupuncture showed a noteworthy pooled placebo response in pain intensity in patients with LBP [SMD –1.43, 95% confidence interval(CI) –1.95 to –0.91, I2=89%]. A significant placebo response was also shown in back-specific functional status(SMD –0.49, 95% CI –0.70 to –0.29, I2=73%),but not in quality of life(SMD 0.34, 95% CI –0.20 to 0.88, I2=84%). Trials in which the sham acupuncture penetrated the skin or performed with regular needles had a significantly higher placebo response in pain intensity reduction, but other factors such as the location of sham acupuncture did not have a significant impact on the placebo response.Conclusions: Sham acupuncture is a展开更多
Bichner reaction,as a unique type of expansive dearomatization,has become a practical strategy for the straightforward assembly of valuable functionalized cycloheptatrienes from ubiquitous aromatic precursors.Although...Bichner reaction,as a unique type of expansive dearomatization,has become a practical strategy for the straightforward assembly of valuable functionalized cycloheptatrienes from ubiquitous aromatic precursors.Although the asymmetric version has been investigated since the early 1990s,enantioselective Bichner reaction is still limited by the catalyst type and substrate scope.This review aims to propose the limitation and possible development direction of this field by summarizing the evolution of catalytic asymmetric Bichner reaction,which is organized on the basis of intra-and intermolecular reactions.Considering the different metal carbene precursors,the reactions are further classified by carbene sources.展开更多
One of the most intriguing questions in eusocial insects is to understand how the overt reproductive conflict in the colony appears limited when queens or kings are senescent or lost because the morphologically simila...One of the most intriguing questions in eusocial insects is to understand how the overt reproductive conflict in the colony appears limited when queens or kings are senescent or lost because the morphologically similar individuals in the colony are reproductively totipotent.Whether there are some individuals who preferentially differentiate into replacement reproductives or not has received little attention.The consistent individual behavioral differences(also termed“animal personality”)of individuals from the colony can shape cunningly their task and consequently affect the colony fitness but have been rarely investigated in eusocial insects.Here,we used the termite Reticulitermes labralis to investigate if variations in individual personalities(elusiveness and aggressiveness)may predict which individuals will perform reproductive differentiation within colonies.We observed that when we separately reared elusive and aggressive workers,elusive workers differentiate into reproductives significantly earlier than aggressive workers.When we reared them together in the proportions 12:3,10:5,and 8:7(aggressive workers:elusive workers),the first reproductives mostly differentiated from the elusive workers,and the reproductives differentiated from the elusive workers significantly earlier than from aggressive workers.Furthermore,we found that the number of workers participating in reproductive differentiation was significantly lower in the groups of both types of workers than in groups containing only elusive workers.Our results demonstrate that the elusiveness trait was a strong predictor of workers’differentiation into replacement reproductives in R.labralis.Moreover,our results suggest that individual personalities within the insect society could play a key role in resolving the overt reproductive conflict.展开更多
BACKGROUND Conventional recanalization techniques may fail in patients with completely occluded superior vena cava(SVC).AIM To analyze the effectiveness and complications of sharp recanalization for completely occlude...BACKGROUND Conventional recanalization techniques may fail in patients with completely occluded superior vena cava(SVC).AIM To analyze the effectiveness and complications of sharp recanalization for completely occluded SVC.METHODS This was a retrospective study of patients that underwent puncture and recanalization of the SVC between January 2016 and December 2017 at our hospital.Sharp recanalization was performed using the RUPS-100 system.The patients were followed for 12 mo.The main outcomes were the patency rate of SVC and arteriovenous fistula flow during dialysis.RESULTS The procedure was successful in all 14 patients(100%).Blood pressure in the distal SVC decreased in all 14 cases(100%)from 26.4±2.7 cmH2O to 14.7±1.3 cmH2O(P<0.05).The first patency rates of the SVC at 24 h and at 3,6,9 and 12 mo after sharp recanalization were 100%,92.9%,85.7%,78.6%and 71.4%,respectively.There were two(14.3%)severe,one(7.1%)moderate and one(7.1%)minor complication.The severe complications included one case of pericardial tamponade and one case of hemothorax.CONCLUSION The results suggest that sharp recanalization can be an additional tool to extend or renew the use of an occluded upper extremity access for hemodialysis.This could be of use in patients with long-term maintenance hemodialysis in whom the maintenance of central venous access is often a challenge.展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Science Foundation of China(61774156 and 61761136009)in part by the National Key Research and Development Project(2018YFB2201001)+2 种基金in part by the External Cooperation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(181722KYSB20160005)in part by the Jilin Provincial Natural Science Foundation(20180519024JH)in part by the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(2018249).
文摘For long distance optical interconnects,1.3-μm surface-emitting lasers are key devices.However,the low output power of several milliwatts limits their application.In this study,by introducing a two-dimensional photonic-crystal and using InAs quantum dots as active materials,a continuous-wave,13.3-mW output power,1.3-μm wavelength,room-temperature surface-emitting laser is achieved.In addition,such a device can be operated at high temperatures of up to 90℃.The enhanced output power results from the flat band structure of the photonic crystal and an extra feedback mechanism.Surface emission is realized by photonic crystal diffraction and thus the distributed Bragg reflector is eliminated.The proposed device provides a means to overcome the limitations of low-power 1.3-μm surface-emitting lasers and increase the number of applications thereof.
基金Supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.81825024)。
文摘Background:Currently,more and more infertility couples are opting for combined acupuncture to improve success rate of in vitro fertilization(IVF).However,evidence from acupuncture for improving IVF pregnancy outcomes remains a matter of debate.Objective:To quantitatively summarized the evidence of the efficacy of acupuncture among women undergoing IVF by means of systematic review and meta-analysis.Methods:Four English(PubMed,Web of Science,EMBASE,and Cochrane Register of Controlled Clinical Trials)and Four Chinese databases(Wanfang Databases,Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure,Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database,and SinoMed)were searched from database inception until July 2,2023.Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)that evaluated the acupuncture’s effects for women undergoing IVF were included.The subgroup analysis was conducted with respect to the age of participants,different acupuncture types,type of control,acupuncture timing,geographical origin of the study,whether or not repeated IVF failure,and acupuncture sessions.Sensitivity analyses were predefined to explore the robustness of results.The primary outcomes were clinical pregnancy rate(CPR)and live birth rate(LBR),and the secondary outcomes were ongoing pregnancy rate and miscarriage rate.Random effects model with I^(2)statistics were used to quantify heterogeneity.Publication bias was estimated by funnel plots and Egger’s tests.Results:A total of 58eligible RCTs representing 10,968 women undergoing IVF for pregnant success were identified.Pooled CPR and LBR showed a significant difference between acupuncture and control groups[69 comparisons,relative risk(RR)1.19,95%confidence intervals(CI)1.12 to 1.25,I^(2)=0],extremely low evidence;23 comparisons,RR 1.11,95%CI 1.02 to 1.21,I^(2)=14.6,low evidence,respectively.Only transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation showed a positive effect on both CPR(16 comparisons,RR 1.17,95%CI 1.06 to 1.29;I^(2)=0,moderate evidence)and LBR(9 comparisons,RR 1.20,95%CI 1.04 to 1.37;I^(2)=8.5,extremel
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82174234)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.81825024)。
文摘Background The placebo response of sham acupuncture in patients with primary dysmenorrhea is a substantial factor associated with analgesia.However,the magnitude of the placebo response is unclear.Objective This meta-analysis assessed the effects of sham acupuncture in patients with primary dysmenorrhea and the factors contributing to these effects.Search strategy PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,and Cochrane CENTRAL databases were searched from inception up to August 20,2022.Inclusion criteria Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)using sham acupuncture as a control for female patients of reproductive age with primary dysmenorrhea were included.Data extraction and analysis Pain intensity,retrospective symptom scale,and health-related quality of life were outcome measures used in these trials.Placebo response was defined as the change in the outcome of interest from baseline to endpoint.We used standardized mean difference(SMD)to estimate the effect size of the placebo response.Results Thirteen RCTs were included.The pooled placebo response size for pain intensity was the largest(SMD=−0.99;95%confidence interval[CI],−1.31 to−0.68),followed by the retrospective symptom scale(Total frequency rating score:SMD=−0.20;95%CI,−0.80 to−0.39.Average severity score:SMD=−0.35;95%CI,−0.90 to−0.20)and physical component of SF-36(SMD=0.27;95%CI,−0.17 to 0.72).Studies using blunt-tip needles,single-center trials,studies with a low risk of bias,studies in which patients had a longer disease course,studies in which clinicians had<5 years of experience,and trials conducted outside Asia were more likely to have a lower placebo response.Conclusion Strong placebo response and some relative factors were found in patients with primary dysmenorrhea.PROSPERO registration number:CRD42022304215.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82174234)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.81825024)。
文摘Background: Low back pain(LBP) is a prevalent and debilitating condition that poses a significant burden on healthcare systems. Acupuncture has been proposed as a promising intervention for LBP, but the evidence supporting its specific effect is insufficient, and the use of sham acupuncture as a control in clinical trials presents challenges due to variations in sham acupuncture techniques and the magnitude of the placebo effect.Objective: To investigate the magnitude of the placebo response of sham acupuncture in trials of acupuncture for nonspecific LBP, and to assess whether different types of sham acupuncture are associated with different responses. Methods: Four databases including PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library were searched through April 15, 2023, and randomized controlled trials(RCTs) were included if they randomized patients with LBP to receive acupuncture or sham acupuncture intervention. The main outcomes included the placebo response in pain intensity, back-specific function and quality of life. Placebo response was defined as the change in these outcome measures from baseline to the end of treatment. Random-effects models were used to synthesize the results, standardized mean differences(SMDs, Hedges’ g) were applied to estimate the effect size. Results: A total of 18 RCTs with 3,321 patients were included. Sham acupuncture showed a noteworthy pooled placebo response in pain intensity in patients with LBP [SMD –1.43, 95% confidence interval(CI) –1.95 to –0.91, I2=89%]. A significant placebo response was also shown in back-specific functional status(SMD –0.49, 95% CI –0.70 to –0.29, I2=73%),but not in quality of life(SMD 0.34, 95% CI –0.20 to 0.88, I2=84%). Trials in which the sham acupuncture penetrated the skin or performed with regular needles had a significantly higher placebo response in pain intensity reduction, but other factors such as the location of sham acupuncture did not have a significant impact on the placebo response.Conclusions: Sham acupuncture is a
基金support from MoST(No.2021YFC2100100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22125108)Yunnan Normal University,and Applied Basic Research Projects of Yunnan Province(No.202101AT070217).
文摘Bichner reaction,as a unique type of expansive dearomatization,has become a practical strategy for the straightforward assembly of valuable functionalized cycloheptatrienes from ubiquitous aromatic precursors.Although the asymmetric version has been investigated since the early 1990s,enantioselective Bichner reaction is still limited by the catalyst type and substrate scope.This review aims to propose the limitation and possible development direction of this field by summarizing the evolution of catalytic asymmetric Bichner reaction,which is organized on the basis of intra-and intermolecular reactions.Considering the different metal carbene precursors,the reactions are further classified by carbene sources.
基金This work was supported by the NSFC-Yunnan United fund(U2102221)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31360104)by the Project for Graduate Innovation Team of Northwestern Polytechnical University(02020-19GH010208),Xi'an,China。
文摘One of the most intriguing questions in eusocial insects is to understand how the overt reproductive conflict in the colony appears limited when queens or kings are senescent or lost because the morphologically similar individuals in the colony are reproductively totipotent.Whether there are some individuals who preferentially differentiate into replacement reproductives or not has received little attention.The consistent individual behavioral differences(also termed“animal personality”)of individuals from the colony can shape cunningly their task and consequently affect the colony fitness but have been rarely investigated in eusocial insects.Here,we used the termite Reticulitermes labralis to investigate if variations in individual personalities(elusiveness and aggressiveness)may predict which individuals will perform reproductive differentiation within colonies.We observed that when we separately reared elusive and aggressive workers,elusive workers differentiate into reproductives significantly earlier than aggressive workers.When we reared them together in the proportions 12:3,10:5,and 8:7(aggressive workers:elusive workers),the first reproductives mostly differentiated from the elusive workers,and the reproductives differentiated from the elusive workers significantly earlier than from aggressive workers.Furthermore,we found that the number of workers participating in reproductive differentiation was significantly lower in the groups of both types of workers than in groups containing only elusive workers.Our results demonstrate that the elusiveness trait was a strong predictor of workers’differentiation into replacement reproductives in R.labralis.Moreover,our results suggest that individual personalities within the insect society could play a key role in resolving the overt reproductive conflict.
文摘BACKGROUND Conventional recanalization techniques may fail in patients with completely occluded superior vena cava(SVC).AIM To analyze the effectiveness and complications of sharp recanalization for completely occluded SVC.METHODS This was a retrospective study of patients that underwent puncture and recanalization of the SVC between January 2016 and December 2017 at our hospital.Sharp recanalization was performed using the RUPS-100 system.The patients were followed for 12 mo.The main outcomes were the patency rate of SVC and arteriovenous fistula flow during dialysis.RESULTS The procedure was successful in all 14 patients(100%).Blood pressure in the distal SVC decreased in all 14 cases(100%)from 26.4±2.7 cmH2O to 14.7±1.3 cmH2O(P<0.05).The first patency rates of the SVC at 24 h and at 3,6,9 and 12 mo after sharp recanalization were 100%,92.9%,85.7%,78.6%and 71.4%,respectively.There were two(14.3%)severe,one(7.1%)moderate and one(7.1%)minor complication.The severe complications included one case of pericardial tamponade and one case of hemothorax.CONCLUSION The results suggest that sharp recanalization can be an additional tool to extend or renew the use of an occluded upper extremity access for hemodialysis.This could be of use in patients with long-term maintenance hemodialysis in whom the maintenance of central venous access is often a challenge.
