AIM To investigate whether gut microbiota metabolite sodium butyrate (NaB) is an effective substance for attenuating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the internal mechanisms. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice we...AIM To investigate whether gut microbiota metabolite sodium butyrate (NaB) is an effective substance for attenuating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the internal mechanisms. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups, normal control were fed standard chow and model group were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 wk, the intervention group were fed HFD for 16 wk and treated with NaB for 8 wk. Gut microbiota from each group were detected at baseline and at 16 wk, liver histology were evaluated and gastrointestinal barrier indicator such as zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) were detected by immunohistochemistry and realtime-PCR, further serum or liver endotoxin were determined by ELISA and inflammation-or metabolism-associated genes were quantified by real-time PCR. RESULTS NaB corrected the HFD-induced gut microbiota imbalance in mice, while it considerably elevated the abundances of the beneficial bacteria Christensenellaceae, Blautia and Lactobacillus. These bacteria can produce butyric acid in what seems like a virtuous circle. And butyrate restored HFD induced intestinal mucosa damage, increased the expression of ZO-1 in small intestine, further decreased the levels of gut endotoxin in serum and liver compared with HF group. Endotoxin-associated genes such as TLR4 and Myd88, pro-inflammation genes such as MCP-1, TNF-alpha, IL-1, IL-2, IL-6 and IFN-gamma in liver or epididymal fat were obviously downregulated after NaB intervention. Liver inflammation and fat accumulation were ameliorated, the levels of TG and cholesterol in liver were decreased after NaB intervention, NAS score was significantly decreased, metabolic indices such as FBG and HOMA-IR and liver function indicators ALT and AST were improved compared with HF group. CONCLUSION NaB may restore the dysbiosis of gut microbiota to attenuate steatohepatitis, which is suggested to be a potential gut microbiota modulator and therapeutic substance for NAFLD.展开更多
INIRODUCTIONAccording to the therapeutic effect and strategy ofantisense RNA for hepatoccllular carcinoma(HCC),we have specifically synthesized partialcDNA of human insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ(IGF-Ⅱ)and constructed...INIRODUCTIONAccording to the therapeutic effect and strategy ofantisense RNA for hepatoccllular carcinoma(HCC),we have specifically synthesized partialcDNA of human insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ(IGF-Ⅱ)and constructed IGF-Ⅱ cDNA antisenseeukaryotic expression vector.The constructedvector was introduced into hepatoma cell lineSMMC-7721 to block the intrinsic IGF-Ⅱexpression.The biological behavior changes ofhepatoma cells were observed.All these展开更多
Objective A strain of Aspergillus niger(A. niger), capable of releasing bound phenolic acids from wheat bran, was isolated. This strain was identified by gene sequence identification. The antioxidant and anti-inflamma...Objective A strain of Aspergillus niger(A. niger), capable of releasing bound phenolic acids from wheat bran, was isolated. This strain was identified by gene sequence identification. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity of ferulic acid released from wheat bran by this A. niger strain(FA-WB) were evaluated. Methods Molecular identification techniques based on PCR analysis of specific genomic sequences were conducted; antioxidant ability was examined using oxygen radical absorbance capacity(ORAC), cellular antioxidant activity(CAA) assays, and erythrocyte hemolysis assays. RAW264.7 cells were used as a model to detect anti-inflammatory activity. Results The filamentous fungal isolate was identified to be A. niger. ORAC and CAA assay showed that FA-WB had better antioxidant activity than that of the ferulic acid standard. The erythrocyte hemolysis assay results suggested that FA-WB could attenuate AAPH-induced oxidative stress through inhibition of reactive oxy gen species(ROS) generation. FA-WB could significantly restore the AAPH-induced increase in intracellular antioxidant enzyme activities to normal levels as well as inhibit the intracellular malondialdehyde formation. TNF-?, IL-6, and NO levels indicated that FA-WB can inhibit the inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS). Conclusion Ferulic acid released from wheat bran by a new strain of A. niger had good anti-inflammatory activity and better antioxidant ability than standard ferulic acid.展开更多
Biogenic volatile organic compounds(BVOCs) in the atmosphere play important roles in the formation of ground-level ozone and secondary organic aerosol(SOA) in global scale and also in regional scale under some conditi...Biogenic volatile organic compounds(BVOCs) in the atmosphere play important roles in the formation of ground-level ozone and secondary organic aerosol(SOA) in global scale and also in regional scale under some condition due to their large amount and relatively higher reactivity.In places with high plant cover in the tropics and in China where air pollution is serious,the effect of BVOCs on ozone and secondary organic aerosols is strong.The present research aims to provide a comprehensive review about the emission rate,emission inventory, research methods,the influencing factors of BVOCs emissions,as well as their impacts on atmospheric environment quality and human health in recent years in Asia based on the summary and analysis of literatures.It is suggested to use field direct measurement method to obtain the emission rate and model method to calculate the emission amount.Several recommendations are given for future investigation and policy development on BVOCs emission.展开更多
Background The long-term safety and efficacy of drug-eluting stents （DES） versus bare metal stents （BMS） are unclear and controversial issues in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI） und...Background The long-term safety and efficacy of drug-eluting stents （DES） versus bare metal stents （BMS） are unclear and controversial issues in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI） undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. The purpose of this study was to compare the long-term outcome of STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI with DES versus BMS implantation. Methods A total of 191 patients with acute STEMI undergoing PCI from Jan. 2005 to Dec. 2007 were enrolled. Patients received DES （n=83） or BMS （n=108） implantation in the infarction related artery according to physician＇s discretion. The primary outcome was the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events （MACE）, which was defined as a composite of death, myocardial infarction （MI）, target vessel revascularization （TVR） and stent thrombosis. The difference of MACE was observed between DES and BMS groups. Results The clinical follow-up duration was 3 years （（41.7±16.1） months）. MACE occurred in 20 patients during three years follow-up. Logistic regression analysis showed that the left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF） was an independent predictor for MACE in the follow-up period （P=0.0301）. There was no significant difference in all-cause mortality （3.61% vs. 7.41%, P=0.2647）, the incidence of myocardial infarction （0 vs. 0.93%, P=-0.379） and stent thrombosis （1.20% vs. 1.85%, P=0.727） between the DES group and BMS group. The incidence of MACE was significantly lower in the DES group compared to the BMS group （4.82% vs. 14.81%, P=0.0253）. The rate of TVR was also lower in the DES group （0 vs. 5.56%, P=0.029）. In the DES group, there was no significant difference in the incidence of MACE between sirolimus eluting stents （SES, n=73） and paclitaxel-eluting stents （PES, n=10） subgroups （2.74% vs. 20.00%, P 〉0.05）. Conclusions This finding suggested that drug-eluting stents significantly reduced the need for revascularization in pa展开更多
The efficacy of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in grapevine(Vitis vinifera L.)has been documented,but the optimization of this system,as well as CRISPR/Cas9-mediated multiplex genome editing,has not been explored in this spec...The efficacy of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in grapevine(Vitis vinifera L.)has been documented,but the optimization of this system,as well as CRISPR/Cas9-mediated multiplex genome editing,has not been explored in this species.Herein,we identified four VvU3 and VvU6 promoters and two ubiquitin(UBQ)promoters in grapevine and demonstrated that the use of the identified VvU3/U6 and UBQ2 promoters could significantly increase the editing efficiency in grape by improving the expression of sgRNA and Cas9,respectively.Furthermore,we conducted multiplex genome editing using the optimized CRISPR/Cas9 vector that contained the conventional multiple sgRNA expression cassettes or the polycistronic tRNA-sgRNA cassette(PTG)by targeting the sugar-related tonoplastic monosaccharide transporter(TMT)family members TMT1 and TMT2,and the overall editing efficiencies were higher than 10%.The simultaneous editing of TMT1 and TMT2 resulted in reduced sugar levels,which indicated the role of these two genes in sugar accumulation in grapes.Moreover,the activities of the VvU3,VvU6,and UBQ2 promoters in tobacco genome editing were demonstrated by editing the phytoene desaturase(PDS)gene in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves.Our study provides materials for the optimization of the CRISPR/Cas9 system.To our knowledge,our simultaneous editing of the grape TMT family genes TMT1 and TMT2 constitutes the first example of multiplex genome editing in grape.The multiplex editing systems described in this manuscript expand the toolbox of grape genome editing,which would facilitate basic research and molecular breeding in grapevine.展开更多
Rapid and accurate access to large-scale,high-resolution crop-type distribution maps is important for agricultural management and sustainable agricultural development.Due to the limitations of remote sensing image qua...Rapid and accurate access to large-scale,high-resolution crop-type distribution maps is important for agricultural management and sustainable agricultural development.Due to the limitations of remote sensing image quality and data processing capabilities,large-scale crop classification is still challenging.This study aimed to map the distribution of crops in Heilongjiang Province using Google Earth Engine(GEE)and Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 images.We obtained Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 images from all the covered study areas in the critical period for crop growth in 2018(May to September),combined monthly composite images of reflectance bands,vegetation indices and polarization bands as input features,and then performed crop classification using a Random Forest(RF)classifier.The results show that the Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 monthly composite images combined with the RF classifier can accurately generate the crop distribution map of the study area,and the overall accuracy(OA)reached 89.75%.Through experiments,we also found that the classification performance using time-series images is significantly better than that using single-period images.Compared with the use of traditional bands only(i.e.,the visible and near-infrared bands),the addition of shortwave infrared bands can improve the accuracy of crop classification most significantly,followed by the addition of red-edge bands.Adding common vegetation indices and Sentinel-1 data to the crop classification improved the overall classification accuracy and the OA by 0.2 and 0.6%,respectively,compared to using only the Sentinel-2 reflectance bands.The analysis of timeliness revealed that when the July image is available,the increase in the accuracy of crop classification is the highest.When the Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 images for May,June,and July are available,an OA greater than 80%can be achieved.The results of this study are applicable to large-scale,high-resolution crop classification and provide key technologies for remote sensing-based crop classification in s展开更多
Background This document represents the first evidence-based guidelines to describe best practices in nutrition therapy in critically ill children (>1 month and <18 years), who are expected to require a length o...Background This document represents the first evidence-based guidelines to describe best practices in nutrition therapy in critically ill children (>1 month and <18 years), who are expected to require a length of stay more than 2 or 3 days in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit admitting medical patients domain. Methods A total of 25,673 articles were scanned for relevance. After careful review, 88 studies appeared to answer the pre-identified questions for the guidelines. We used the grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluation criteria to adjust the evidence grade based on the quality of design and execution of each study. Results The guidelines emphasise the importance of nutritional assessment, particularly the detection of malnourished patients. Indirect calorimetry (IC) is recommended to estimate energy expenditure and there is a creative value in energy expenditure, 50 kcal/kg/day for children aged 1–8 years during acute phase if IC is unfeasible. Enteral nutrition (EN) and early enteral nutrition remain the preferred routes for nutrient delivery. A minimum protein intake of 1.5 g/kg/day is sug-gested for this patient population. The role of supplemental parenteral nutrition (PN) has been highlighted in patients with low nutritional risk, and a delayed approach appears to be beneficial in this group of patients. Immune-enhancing cannot be currently recommended neither in EN nor PN. Conclusion Overall, the pediatric critically ill population is heterogeneous, and an individualized nutrition support with the aim of improving clinical outcomes is necessary and important.展开更多
基金the State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China,No.2012CB517501National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81070322,No.81270491,No.81470840 and No.31400001100 Talents Program,No.XBR2011007h
文摘AIM To investigate whether gut microbiota metabolite sodium butyrate (NaB) is an effective substance for attenuating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the internal mechanisms. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups, normal control were fed standard chow and model group were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 wk, the intervention group were fed HFD for 16 wk and treated with NaB for 8 wk. Gut microbiota from each group were detected at baseline and at 16 wk, liver histology were evaluated and gastrointestinal barrier indicator such as zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) were detected by immunohistochemistry and realtime-PCR, further serum or liver endotoxin were determined by ELISA and inflammation-or metabolism-associated genes were quantified by real-time PCR. RESULTS NaB corrected the HFD-induced gut microbiota imbalance in mice, while it considerably elevated the abundances of the beneficial bacteria Christensenellaceae, Blautia and Lactobacillus. These bacteria can produce butyric acid in what seems like a virtuous circle. And butyrate restored HFD induced intestinal mucosa damage, increased the expression of ZO-1 in small intestine, further decreased the levels of gut endotoxin in serum and liver compared with HF group. Endotoxin-associated genes such as TLR4 and Myd88, pro-inflammation genes such as MCP-1, TNF-alpha, IL-1, IL-2, IL-6 and IFN-gamma in liver or epididymal fat were obviously downregulated after NaB intervention. Liver inflammation and fat accumulation were ameliorated, the levels of TG and cholesterol in liver were decreased after NaB intervention, NAS score was significantly decreased, metabolic indices such as FBG and HOMA-IR and liver function indicators ALT and AST were improved compared with HF group. CONCLUSION NaB may restore the dysbiosis of gut microbiota to attenuate steatohepatitis, which is suggested to be a potential gut microbiota modulator and therapeutic substance for NAFLD.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,No.940319.
文摘INIRODUCTIONAccording to the therapeutic effect and strategy ofantisense RNA for hepatoccllular carcinoma(HCC),we have specifically synthesized partialcDNA of human insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ(IGF-Ⅱ)and constructed IGF-Ⅱ cDNA antisenseeukaryotic expression vector.The constructedvector was introduced into hepatoma cell lineSMMC-7721 to block the intrinsic IGF-Ⅱexpression.The biological behavior changes ofhepatoma cells were observed.All these
基金financially supported by the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province [Nos.2016A040402020,2016B010121014]
文摘Objective A strain of Aspergillus niger(A. niger), capable of releasing bound phenolic acids from wheat bran, was isolated. This strain was identified by gene sequence identification. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity of ferulic acid released from wheat bran by this A. niger strain(FA-WB) were evaluated. Methods Molecular identification techniques based on PCR analysis of specific genomic sequences were conducted; antioxidant ability was examined using oxygen radical absorbance capacity(ORAC), cellular antioxidant activity(CAA) assays, and erythrocyte hemolysis assays. RAW264.7 cells were used as a model to detect anti-inflammatory activity. Results The filamentous fungal isolate was identified to be A. niger. ORAC and CAA assay showed that FA-WB had better antioxidant activity than that of the ferulic acid standard. The erythrocyte hemolysis assay results suggested that FA-WB could attenuate AAPH-induced oxidative stress through inhibition of reactive oxy gen species(ROS) generation. FA-WB could significantly restore the AAPH-induced increase in intracellular antioxidant enzyme activities to normal levels as well as inhibit the intracellular malondialdehyde formation. TNF-?, IL-6, and NO levels indicated that FA-WB can inhibit the inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS). Conclusion Ferulic acid released from wheat bran by a new strain of A. niger had good anti-inflammatory activity and better antioxidant ability than standard ferulic acid.
基金supported by the grants from Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Project(Nos.Z181100005318003 and Z181100005418015)the National Research Program for Key Issues in Air Pollution Control(No.DQGG0201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21976190 and 41575121)
文摘Biogenic volatile organic compounds(BVOCs) in the atmosphere play important roles in the formation of ground-level ozone and secondary organic aerosol(SOA) in global scale and also in regional scale under some condition due to their large amount and relatively higher reactivity.In places with high plant cover in the tropics and in China where air pollution is serious,the effect of BVOCs on ozone and secondary organic aerosols is strong.The present research aims to provide a comprehensive review about the emission rate,emission inventory, research methods,the influencing factors of BVOCs emissions,as well as their impacts on atmospheric environment quality and human health in recent years in Asia based on the summary and analysis of literatures.It is suggested to use field direct measurement method to obtain the emission rate and model method to calculate the emission amount.Several recommendations are given for future investigation and policy development on BVOCs emission.
文摘Background The long-term safety and efficacy of drug-eluting stents （DES） versus bare metal stents （BMS） are unclear and controversial issues in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI） undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. The purpose of this study was to compare the long-term outcome of STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI with DES versus BMS implantation. Methods A total of 191 patients with acute STEMI undergoing PCI from Jan. 2005 to Dec. 2007 were enrolled. Patients received DES （n=83） or BMS （n=108） implantation in the infarction related artery according to physician＇s discretion. The primary outcome was the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events （MACE）, which was defined as a composite of death, myocardial infarction （MI）, target vessel revascularization （TVR） and stent thrombosis. The difference of MACE was observed between DES and BMS groups. Results The clinical follow-up duration was 3 years （（41.7±16.1） months）. MACE occurred in 20 patients during three years follow-up. Logistic regression analysis showed that the left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF） was an independent predictor for MACE in the follow-up period （P=0.0301）. There was no significant difference in all-cause mortality （3.61% vs. 7.41%, P=0.2647）, the incidence of myocardial infarction （0 vs. 0.93%, P=-0.379） and stent thrombosis （1.20% vs. 1.85%, P=0.727） between the DES group and BMS group. The incidence of MACE was significantly lower in the DES group compared to the BMS group （4.82% vs. 14.81%, P=0.0253）. The rate of TVR was also lower in the DES group （0 vs. 5.56%, P=0.029）. In the DES group, there was no significant difference in the incidence of MACE between sirolimus eluting stents （SES, n=73） and paclitaxel-eluting stents （PES, n=10） subgroups （2.74% vs. 20.00%, P 〉0.05）. Conclusions This finding suggested that drug-eluting stents significantly reduced the need for revascularization in pa
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31772266 and 32001994)the Bureau of International Cooperation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(151111KYSB20170032).
文摘The efficacy of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in grapevine(Vitis vinifera L.)has been documented,but the optimization of this system,as well as CRISPR/Cas9-mediated multiplex genome editing,has not been explored in this species.Herein,we identified four VvU3 and VvU6 promoters and two ubiquitin(UBQ)promoters in grapevine and demonstrated that the use of the identified VvU3/U6 and UBQ2 promoters could significantly increase the editing efficiency in grape by improving the expression of sgRNA and Cas9,respectively.Furthermore,we conducted multiplex genome editing using the optimized CRISPR/Cas9 vector that contained the conventional multiple sgRNA expression cassettes or the polycistronic tRNA-sgRNA cassette(PTG)by targeting the sugar-related tonoplastic monosaccharide transporter(TMT)family members TMT1 and TMT2,and the overall editing efficiencies were higher than 10%.The simultaneous editing of TMT1 and TMT2 resulted in reduced sugar levels,which indicated the role of these two genes in sugar accumulation in grapes.Moreover,the activities of the VvU3,VvU6,and UBQ2 promoters in tobacco genome editing were demonstrated by editing the phytoene desaturase(PDS)gene in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves.Our study provides materials for the optimization of the CRISPR/Cas9 system.To our knowledge,our simultaneous editing of the grape TMT family genes TMT1 and TMT2 constitutes the first example of multiplex genome editing in grape.The multiplex editing systems described in this manuscript expand the toolbox of grape genome editing,which would facilitate basic research and molecular breeding in grapevine.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFD0201803)the Talent Recruitment Project of Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Rapid and accurate access to large-scale,high-resolution crop-type distribution maps is important for agricultural management and sustainable agricultural development.Due to the limitations of remote sensing image quality and data processing capabilities,large-scale crop classification is still challenging.This study aimed to map the distribution of crops in Heilongjiang Province using Google Earth Engine(GEE)and Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 images.We obtained Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 images from all the covered study areas in the critical period for crop growth in 2018(May to September),combined monthly composite images of reflectance bands,vegetation indices and polarization bands as input features,and then performed crop classification using a Random Forest(RF)classifier.The results show that the Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 monthly composite images combined with the RF classifier can accurately generate the crop distribution map of the study area,and the overall accuracy(OA)reached 89.75%.Through experiments,we also found that the classification performance using time-series images is significantly better than that using single-period images.Compared with the use of traditional bands only(i.e.,the visible and near-infrared bands),the addition of shortwave infrared bands can improve the accuracy of crop classification most significantly,followed by the addition of red-edge bands.Adding common vegetation indices and Sentinel-1 data to the crop classification improved the overall classification accuracy and the OA by 0.2 and 0.6%,respectively,compared to using only the Sentinel-2 reflectance bands.The analysis of timeliness revealed that when the July image is available,the increase in the accuracy of crop classification is the highest.When the Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 images for May,June,and July are available,an OA greater than 80%can be achieved.The results of this study are applicable to large-scale,high-resolution crop classification and provide key technologies for remote sensing-based crop classification in s
文摘Background This document represents the first evidence-based guidelines to describe best practices in nutrition therapy in critically ill children (>1 month and <18 years), who are expected to require a length of stay more than 2 or 3 days in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit admitting medical patients domain. Methods A total of 25,673 articles were scanned for relevance. After careful review, 88 studies appeared to answer the pre-identified questions for the guidelines. We used the grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluation criteria to adjust the evidence grade based on the quality of design and execution of each study. Results The guidelines emphasise the importance of nutritional assessment, particularly the detection of malnourished patients. Indirect calorimetry (IC) is recommended to estimate energy expenditure and there is a creative value in energy expenditure, 50 kcal/kg/day for children aged 1–8 years during acute phase if IC is unfeasible. Enteral nutrition (EN) and early enteral nutrition remain the preferred routes for nutrient delivery. A minimum protein intake of 1.5 g/kg/day is sug-gested for this patient population. The role of supplemental parenteral nutrition (PN) has been highlighted in patients with low nutritional risk, and a delayed approach appears to be beneficial in this group of patients. Immune-enhancing cannot be currently recommended neither in EN nor PN. Conclusion Overall, the pediatric critically ill population is heterogeneous, and an individualized nutrition support with the aim of improving clinical outcomes is necessary and important.
