<strong>Background and Objectives:</strong> All over the world, cardiovascular risks constitute a heavy healthcare burden, affecting people with different levels of education, across economies in both the ...<strong>Background and Objectives:</strong> All over the world, cardiovascular risks constitute a heavy healthcare burden, affecting people with different levels of education, across economies in both the developed and the developing ones. Differences in educational levels in cardiovascular risks have not been completely defined. This study was set out to evaluate the influence of levels of education on the risks of cardiovascular disease in an urban community in Awka, southeast Nigeria. <strong>Methodology:</strong> In this cross sectional study of 294 subjects conducted in Awka in 2017, biodata, anthropometric and demographic data were obtained. A questionnaire was used to extract information on smoking, alcohol use, tobacco snuff use, diabetes mellitus status, time spent at work > 10 hours daily and night sleep duration < 4 hours. Blood pressure and body mass index were measured. Data were analyzed and the association between levels of education and the potential cardiovascular risks determined. <strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of smoking was 5.4%, tobacco snuff use 5.4%, alcohol 42.2%, thickened arterial wall 27.2%, meat protein 91.8%, diabetes mellitus 9.5%, time spent at work > 10 hours daily 29.3%, obesity 33.3%, hypertension 58.5%, night sleep < 4 hours 5.4%. Levels of education has association with tobacco use (p = 0.009), alcohol use (p = 0.013), thickened arterial wall (p < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (p < 0.001), time spent at work > 10 hours daily (p < 0.001), obesity (p = 0.020), hypertension (p < 0.001), meat consumption (p = 0.047). However, smoking and night sleep < 4 hours have no significant association with levels of education, p = 0.415, and p = 0.132. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> There was variability in the prevalence of cardiovascular risks at different levels of education. The prevalence of smoking and night sleep duration < 4 hours did not vary with levels of education. The prevalence of tobacco snuff and thickened arterial wall was high in primary education holders and meat consum展开更多
<p> <b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background and Objectives:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Childhood acute respiratory infection is a pub...<p> <b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background and Objectives:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Childhood acute respiratory infection is a public health problem with significant morbidity and mortality in developing countries. The present study was to assess the sociodemographic deter</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">minants of vitamin D levels in patient with acute respiratory infections (ARIs) </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">receiving care in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH), Nnewi, Southeast Nigeria. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methodology:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> This was a cross-sectional study, conducted in Nnewi, Nigeria, on 250 children with ARI. Sociodemographic data were collected and serum vitamin D levels of the subjects were assayed. The association between sociodemographic variables and vitamin D was evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> A total of 250 children with ARI aged 1</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">59 months were enrolled in this study, with slight male preponderance (57.2%). About 60% of the population was less than 2</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">years. The majority (85.6%) of the subjects had adequate vitamin D levels (≥20</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ng/dL). The mean serum vitamin D level in the subjects was (52.2 ± 25.6 ng/mL). Multivariate logistic regression showed that only gender was significantly related to vitamin D levels with males found to have a lower risk of vitamin D deficiency. {OR = 0.05</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(0.004</span><span style="font-family:""> </展开更多
文摘<strong>Background and Objectives:</strong> All over the world, cardiovascular risks constitute a heavy healthcare burden, affecting people with different levels of education, across economies in both the developed and the developing ones. Differences in educational levels in cardiovascular risks have not been completely defined. This study was set out to evaluate the influence of levels of education on the risks of cardiovascular disease in an urban community in Awka, southeast Nigeria. <strong>Methodology:</strong> In this cross sectional study of 294 subjects conducted in Awka in 2017, biodata, anthropometric and demographic data were obtained. A questionnaire was used to extract information on smoking, alcohol use, tobacco snuff use, diabetes mellitus status, time spent at work > 10 hours daily and night sleep duration < 4 hours. Blood pressure and body mass index were measured. Data were analyzed and the association between levels of education and the potential cardiovascular risks determined. <strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of smoking was 5.4%, tobacco snuff use 5.4%, alcohol 42.2%, thickened arterial wall 27.2%, meat protein 91.8%, diabetes mellitus 9.5%, time spent at work > 10 hours daily 29.3%, obesity 33.3%, hypertension 58.5%, night sleep < 4 hours 5.4%. Levels of education has association with tobacco use (p = 0.009), alcohol use (p = 0.013), thickened arterial wall (p < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (p < 0.001), time spent at work > 10 hours daily (p < 0.001), obesity (p = 0.020), hypertension (p < 0.001), meat consumption (p = 0.047). However, smoking and night sleep < 4 hours have no significant association with levels of education, p = 0.415, and p = 0.132. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> There was variability in the prevalence of cardiovascular risks at different levels of education. The prevalence of smoking and night sleep duration < 4 hours did not vary with levels of education. The prevalence of tobacco snuff and thickened arterial wall was high in primary education holders and meat consum
文摘<p> <b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background and Objectives:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Childhood acute respiratory infection is a public health problem with significant morbidity and mortality in developing countries. The present study was to assess the sociodemographic deter</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">minants of vitamin D levels in patient with acute respiratory infections (ARIs) </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">receiving care in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH), Nnewi, Southeast Nigeria. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methodology:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> This was a cross-sectional study, conducted in Nnewi, Nigeria, on 250 children with ARI. Sociodemographic data were collected and serum vitamin D levels of the subjects were assayed. The association between sociodemographic variables and vitamin D was evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> A total of 250 children with ARI aged 1</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">59 months were enrolled in this study, with slight male preponderance (57.2%). About 60% of the population was less than 2</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">years. The majority (85.6%) of the subjects had adequate vitamin D levels (≥20</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ng/dL). The mean serum vitamin D level in the subjects was (52.2 ± 25.6 ng/mL). Multivariate logistic regression showed that only gender was significantly related to vitamin D levels with males found to have a lower risk of vitamin D deficiency. {OR = 0.05</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(0.004</span><span style="font-family:""> </
