<p> <b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background and Objectives:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Childhood acute respiratory infection is a pub...<p> <b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background and Objectives:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Childhood acute respiratory infection is a public health problem with significant morbidity and mortality in developing countries. The present study was to assess the sociodemographic deter</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">minants of vitamin D levels in patient with acute respiratory infections (ARIs) </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">receiving care in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH), Nnewi, Southeast Nigeria. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methodology:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> This was a cross-sectional study, conducted in Nnewi, Nigeria, on 250 children with ARI. Sociodemographic data were collected and serum vitamin D levels of the subjects were assayed. The association between sociodemographic variables and vitamin D was evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> A total of 250 children with ARI aged 1</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">59 months were enrolled in this study, with slight male preponderance (57.2%). About 60% of the population was less than 2</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">years. The majority (85.6%) of the subjects had adequate vitamin D levels (≥20</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ng/dL). The mean serum vitamin D level in the subjects was (52.2 ± 25.6 ng/mL). Multivariate logistic regression showed that only gender was significantly related to vitamin D levels with males found to have a lower risk of vitamin D deficiency. {OR = 0.05</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(0.004</span><span style="font-family:""> </展开更多
Objectives: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a global superbug widely distributed in hospitals, communities and livestock settings. This study investigated the presence and molecular characterizat...Objectives: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a global superbug widely distributed in hospitals, communities and livestock settings. This study investigated the presence and molecular characterization of MRSA co-resistance to clindamycin and vancomycin in the southeastern region of Nigeria. The susceptibility of these organisms to other selected antibiotics was also investigated. Method: Biological samples were obtained from consenting patients from three establishments in Enugu, Nigeria and cultured for isolation and purification. The pure isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility profiling using conventional antibiotics. The genomic DNAs of the pure isolates were isolated using the Promega genomic DNA purification kit while the antibiotic resistance genes (mecA) genes were identified using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Also, the minimum inhibitory concentration of the clindamycin and vancomycin antibiotics was determined as well as their combined activity on the MRSA isolates. Results: A large proportion (71%) of the MRSA isolates was from urine samples and then from the High Vaginal Swab (19%). All the isolates were resistant to cloxacillin while 95% were resistant to ciprofloxacin. MRSA isolates demonstrated resistance to clindamycin (with MIC of 23.44 - 250 μg/ml) and to vancomycin (with MIC of 62.5 - 250 μg/ml). The isolated MRSA also demonstrated multidrug-resistant traits. The combined effects of vancomycin and clindamycin against different species of MRSA exhibited additive, antagonistic and indifferent effects and none had a synergistic effect. Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction revealed that the majority of the strains were positive for the 162-bp internal fragment of the mecA gene of MRSA and basically displayed SCCmec type III, indicating that they were multidrug-resistant and hospital-acquired. Conclusion: Clindamycin and vancomycin-resistant MRSA infections are also within the Eastern region of Nigeria as found in other countries of the world. This supe展开更多
文摘<p> <b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background and Objectives:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Childhood acute respiratory infection is a public health problem with significant morbidity and mortality in developing countries. The present study was to assess the sociodemographic deter</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">minants of vitamin D levels in patient with acute respiratory infections (ARIs) </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">receiving care in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH), Nnewi, Southeast Nigeria. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methodology:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> This was a cross-sectional study, conducted in Nnewi, Nigeria, on 250 children with ARI. Sociodemographic data were collected and serum vitamin D levels of the subjects were assayed. The association between sociodemographic variables and vitamin D was evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> A total of 250 children with ARI aged 1</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">59 months were enrolled in this study, with slight male preponderance (57.2%). About 60% of the population was less than 2</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">years. The majority (85.6%) of the subjects had adequate vitamin D levels (≥20</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ng/dL). The mean serum vitamin D level in the subjects was (52.2 ± 25.6 ng/mL). Multivariate logistic regression showed that only gender was significantly related to vitamin D levels with males found to have a lower risk of vitamin D deficiency. {OR = 0.05</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(0.004</span><span style="font-family:""> </
文摘Objectives: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a global superbug widely distributed in hospitals, communities and livestock settings. This study investigated the presence and molecular characterization of MRSA co-resistance to clindamycin and vancomycin in the southeastern region of Nigeria. The susceptibility of these organisms to other selected antibiotics was also investigated. Method: Biological samples were obtained from consenting patients from three establishments in Enugu, Nigeria and cultured for isolation and purification. The pure isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility profiling using conventional antibiotics. The genomic DNAs of the pure isolates were isolated using the Promega genomic DNA purification kit while the antibiotic resistance genes (mecA) genes were identified using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Also, the minimum inhibitory concentration of the clindamycin and vancomycin antibiotics was determined as well as their combined activity on the MRSA isolates. Results: A large proportion (71%) of the MRSA isolates was from urine samples and then from the High Vaginal Swab (19%). All the isolates were resistant to cloxacillin while 95% were resistant to ciprofloxacin. MRSA isolates demonstrated resistance to clindamycin (with MIC of 23.44 - 250 μg/ml) and to vancomycin (with MIC of 62.5 - 250 μg/ml). The isolated MRSA also demonstrated multidrug-resistant traits. The combined effects of vancomycin and clindamycin against different species of MRSA exhibited additive, antagonistic and indifferent effects and none had a synergistic effect. Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction revealed that the majority of the strains were positive for the 162-bp internal fragment of the mecA gene of MRSA and basically displayed SCCmec type III, indicating that they were multidrug-resistant and hospital-acquired. Conclusion: Clindamycin and vancomycin-resistant MRSA infections are also within the Eastern region of Nigeria as found in other countries of the world. This supe
