Low-molecular-weight polysaccharides(RLPs)extracted from Rosa laevigata fruits showed multiple biofunctions in Asia.This study aimed to investigate its anti-inflammatory obesity effect in high-fat dietfed rats and fur...Low-molecular-weight polysaccharides(RLPs)extracted from Rosa laevigata fruits showed multiple biofunctions in Asia.This study aimed to investigate its anti-inflammatory obesity effect in high-fat dietfed rats and further elucidated the underlying molecular mechanism by multi-omics methods.The results showed that RLPs administration had significantly restored immune organ indexes and reduced body weight gain.RNA-seq revealed that the effect of RLPs was partially attributed to its regulation on PPARs signaling by increasing the expressions of Scd,Acox3 and Hmgcs2,and on other redox-related pathways by decreasing the expressions of Cyp2 e1,Il1-r1 and Lbp.Moreover,16 S rRNA sequencing coupled with metagenome sequencing showed that RLPs had significantly reduced the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes from 8.01 to2.37,and significantly increased the relative abundances of Alistipes,Prevotella,and Akkermansia from 0.36%,1.10%and 2.61%to 0.65%,2.37%and 4.42%,respectively.Spearman correlation analysis result indicated that the abundances of Lachnospiraceae,Prevotella and Bacteroidales were significantly negatively correlated with obesity phenotype,liver function and inflammatory factors.These results revealed that RLPs exerted significant anti-inflammatory obesity property partially via regulation on gut microbiota interface and the redox balance.Therefore,RLPs could be a promising functional food resource with the potential for redox imb alance-related diseases chemoprevention.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to detect the protective effect of abscisic acid on chilling injury of Digitaria sanguinalis(L.)Scop,and whether this effect is related to antioxidant enzymes and osmotic adjustmen...[Objectives]This study was conducted to detect the protective effect of abscisic acid on chilling injury of Digitaria sanguinalis(L.)Scop,and whether this effect is related to antioxidant enzymes and osmotic adjustment.[Methods]D.sanguinalis plants were sprayed with abscisic acid solution,and exposed to cold stress at 15℃for 3 d after one day and then at 5℃for 25 to 30 d in a growth chamber.The changes of plant osmotic potential under this treatment were detected.[Results]Under low temperature stress,the osmotic potential of plants in the abscisic acid treatment and the control increased,but the osmotic potential level of the abscisic acid treatment plants was lower.The SOD activity of plants in the ABA treatment and the control decreased under low temperature stress.Under low temperature stress,the activity of catalase and peroxidase in ABA-treated plants was higher than that in control plants.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for the impact of abscisic acid on the physiological response of D.sanguinalis to cold injury.展开更多
[Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the scientific prevention and control of Solanum nigrum L. [Methods] Through experiments on S. nigrum from different sources, it was found that glyphosate stress ha...[Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the scientific prevention and control of Solanum nigrum L. [Methods] Through experiments on S. nigrum from different sources, it was found that glyphosate stress had significant effects on antioxidant enzyme activity and oxidative damage of sensitive S. nigrum plants. [Results] Sensitive S. nigrum showed oxidative damage under glyphosate stress, while resistant S. nigrum responded to adversity damage by improving its antioxidant enzyme activity. The experimental results showed that the antioxidant enzymes and reduced glutathione of S. nigrum had certain metabolic detoxification effects under glyphosate stress. [Conclusions] This study provides a theoretical basis for scientific prevention and control of S. nigrum , and has a certain reference value for revealing the glyphosate resistance mechanism of S. nigrum .展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to select suitable mixed seed coating agents for improving the quality of"grey-matter"hybrid rice seeds.[Methods]Three different mixed seed coating agents(A,B,C)were used...[Objectives]This study was conducted to select suitable mixed seed coating agents for improving the quality of"grey-matter"hybrid rice seeds.[Methods]Three different mixed seed coating agents(A,B,C)were used to coat the seeds of two varieties(Taiyou 390 and Zhenliangyou 8612)of hybrid rice with different"grey-matter"content(5%,15%,25%),and the results were investigated and compared.[Results]The combinations of treatment B(seed coating agent A+Linong)and treatment C(Manshijin+seed coating agent A)could significantly improve indexes including seed germination potential,germination rate,seed vigor,seedling height,fibrous roots and fresh weight of the two varieties with a"grey-matter"content greater than 15%,but had no significant effects on main root length,dry weight,leaf number and tiller number,and the effects of treatment B was better than those of treatment C.That is to say,mixed seed coating agent B(seed coating agent A+Linong)was suitable for use as a seed coating agent to improve the quality of"grey-matter"seeds.[Conclusions]This study provides a reference plan for the safe use of mixed seed batches with"grey-matter"deterioration.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Polygonatum odoratum polysaccharide(POP)on organ relative weights and reproductive hormone levels in male rats fed a high-fat diet.[Methods]Thirty hea...[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Polygonatum odoratum polysaccharide(POP)on organ relative weights and reproductive hormone levels in male rats fed a high-fat diet.[Methods]Thirty healthy male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into two groups according to their body weight:10 in normal control group(Group NC,n=10)and 20 in experimental group(n=20).The rats in experimental group were fed a high-fat diet for eight weeks before they were further randomly divided into two groups:high fat group(Group HF)and high fat+400 mg/(kg·d)POP group(Group HF+POP).In Group HF+POP,the rats were administered with POP for another six weeks,before their blood plasma was collected,and the relative weights of their testis and epididymis were calculated.The plasma levels of testosterone(T),estrogen(E2),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),cortisol(C)and luteinizing hormone(LH)were measured by radioimmunoassay,and the plasma levels of sex hormone-binding globulin(SHBG)and insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1)were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.[Results]Compared with Group HF,POP could effectively inhibit rat obesity caused by high-fat diets,increase the relative weights of their testis and epididymis,plasma levels of LH,E2,FSH,T,SHBG and IGF-1,and reduce the plasma level of E2.[Conclusions]Polygonatum odoratum polysaccharide(POP)is able to effectively regulate the level of reproductive hormones in high-fat diet fed rats,and helps to protect their reproductive function.展开更多
With Pueraria edulis from different habitats in Yunnan Province,Guangdong Province and Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region as materials,the medicinal materials of P.edulis were extracted by ethanol condensation reflux ex...With Pueraria edulis from different habitats in Yunnan Province,Guangdong Province and Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region as materials,the medicinal materials of P.edulis were extracted by ethanol condensation reflux extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction,and the effects of different extraction methods the contents of total flavonoids in P.edulis from different areas were compared.The results showed that the best extraction time for P.edulis in Yunnan Province was 20 min,and that for Guangdong and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region was 30 min.The yield of total flavonoids from P.edulis extracted by the condensation reflux extraction method was relatively better.The content of total flavonoids in P.edulis in Yunnan was the highest with an average content of 0.2557%,while the average content of total flavonoids in P.edulis in Guangdong was the lowest with an average content of 0.2108%.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Polygonatum odoratum polysaccharides on the quality of white chili peppers in jars.[Methods]White chili peppers were pickled by adding different conce...[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Polygonatum odoratum polysaccharides on the quality of white chili peppers in jars.[Methods]White chili peppers were pickled by adding different concentrations of P.odoratum polysaccharides with traditional pickling technology,and its nitrite content,pH and sensory quality were analyzed and detected.[Results]The results showed that,compared with the control group without adding P.odoratum polysaccharides,the nitrite content in white chili peppers in jars decreased after adding P.odoratum polysaccharides.When the addition amount of P.odoratum polysaccharides was 0.002%,the inhibition rate of nitrite reached the maximum.Under the same fermentation time,P.odoratum polysaccharides could significantly reduce the pH value of pickles.When the addition amount of P.odoratum polysaccharide was 0.002%and the pickling time was 3 months,the sensory quality of white chili peppers in jars was the best.At this point,white chili peppers in jars had rich aroma and tasted soft and sour,and the sour and salinity were suitable.As the fermentation time continued to increase,the chili aroma of white chili peppers in jars gradually decreased,and the sour taste became more pronounced.[Conclusions]This study can provide reference for the safety and quality control of white chili peppers in jars.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the effects of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide(PSP)on chronic intestinal inflammation caused by high-fat diet.[Methods]Thirty five male healthy SD rats were randoml...[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the effects of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide(PSP)on chronic intestinal inflammation caused by high-fat diet.[Methods]Thirty five male healthy SD rats were randomly divided into a normal control group(NC,normal diet,n=10)and a high-fat diet group(HF,high-fat diet,n=25).After 8 weeks,an obesity model was established.The HF group was randomly divided into an HF group and a PSP treatment group[PSP,300 mg/(kg·d)].After 6 weeks of intervention with PSP,rat serum was collected,and the spleen and thymus were stripped,and weighed.Serum IgG,IgM,LPS and IL-1βand IL-6 contents were detected by ELISA,and HE staining was adopted to observe the pathological changes of the colon tissue.[Results]PSP reduced the level of LPS caused by high-fat diet and the levels of inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α,increased the indexes of the thymus and spleen serving as immune organs,increased IgG and IgM contents,and alleviated pathological damage to the colon tissue caused by high-fat diet.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis and experimental basis for the development of drugs for treating metabolic diseases such as obesity and inflammation.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide(PSP)on antioxidant function in high-fat diet obese rats.[Methods]Thirty five healthy male SD rats were selected t...[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide(PSP)on antioxidant function in high-fat diet obese rats.[Methods]Thirty five healthy male SD rats were selected to establish an obesity model after feeding a high-fat for 8 weeks.They were then randomly divided into a normal group(NC),a high-fat diet group(HF),and an HF+P.sibiricum polysaccharide group[HF+PSP,300 mg/(kg·d)].After 6 weeks of PSP intervention,the serum and liver of rats were collected,and the activity of aspartate transaminase(AST)and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)in serum,the enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and malondialdehyde(MDA)in liver tissue were measured.The pathological changes of liver tissue were observed by HE staining.[Results]Compared with the HF group,PSP could effectively inhibit obesity caused by high-fat diet.It reduced body weight and serum AST and ALT levels,increased the contents of T-SOD,CAT and GSH-Px in the liver,and inhibited the accumulation of MDA content,thereby reducing damage to liver cells caused by a high-fat diet.It indicated that PSP could effectively inhibit obesity in high-fat diet rats and enhance their antioxidant capacity.[Conclusions]This study provides a reference for the study of the antioxidant capacity of PSP.展开更多
Species distribution models have been widely used to explore suitable habitats of species,the impact of climate change on the distribution of suitable habitats of species,and the construction of ecological reserves.Th...Species distribution models have been widely used to explore suitable habitats of species,the impact of climate change on the distribution of suitable habitats of species,and the construction of ecological reserves.This paper introduced species distribution models commonly used in biodiversity analysis,as well as model performance evaluation indexes,challenges in the application of species distribution models,and finally prospected the development trend of research on species distribution models.展开更多
Digitaria sanguinalis is an annual worst weed in the grass family that occurs in all parts of China.It mainly does harm to dryland crops and direct-sowing rice fields.In agricultural production,chemical herbicides are...Digitaria sanguinalis is an annual worst weed in the grass family that occurs in all parts of China.It mainly does harm to dryland crops and direct-sowing rice fields.In agricultural production,chemical herbicides are mainly used to control them,but the problems of environmental pollution and drug resistance caused by chemical herbicides have become more and more severe,which is in urgent need of integrated management.In this paper,the biological characteristics,chemical control,microbial control and allelopathy of D.sanguinalis were reviewed.展开更多
Erigeron annuus(L.)Pers.,an alien species,is widely distributed in most areas of China.It was included in the third batch of invasive alien species list by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China,and it is a ...Erigeron annuus(L.)Pers.,an alien species,is widely distributed in most areas of China.It was included in the third batch of invasive alien species list by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China,and it is a first-level malignant invasive plant.Due to its great reproducibility with a mass of seeds,power adaptability to the external environment and strong allelopathy,it has highly invasive and adaptability,and has affected the development of the agriculture and forestry,the diversity of local species and the ecosystem.In this paper,we summarized the current invasion situation,invasion and adaptation mechanism of E.annuus,and prospected further research on E.annuus invasion mechanism,hoping to provide a reference for realizing its effective management.展开更多
[Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different proportions of spent Pleurotus ostreatus substrate on the germination and seedling growth of mung beans. [Methods] The cellulose-degrading ...[Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different proportions of spent Pleurotus ostreatus substrate on the germination and seedling growth of mung beans. [Methods] The cellulose-degrading bacteria HB8 and HF1 were mixed with a commercially available microbial composting agent, respectively, for the composting of spent P. ostreatus substrate. Mung beans were cultivated with different proportions of spent mushroom substrate compost and soil. The seed germination rate, plant height, fresh weight and chlorophyll content of mung bean were used as indicators to investigate the effects of the organic fertilizer from spent P. ostreatus substrate on the growth of mung bean seedlings. [Results] The addition of cellulose-degrading bacteria can significantly improve the composting effect of the spent mushroom substrate. After 8 d of cultivation of mung beans with different ratios of the mushroom substrate organic fertilizer, 50% of the organic fertilizer can make the plant height, fresh weight and leaf chlorophyll content of mung bean seedlings reach the highest value and was suitable for mung bean breeding and cultivation. [Conclusions] This study provides scientific basis and technical indicators for the rapid and harmless treatment of spent mushroom substrate and its application in crop cultivation and nursery.展开更多
Spodoptera frugiperda is becoming more and more widely distributed in various regions of the world,and it does more and more harm to agriculture,which seriously affects the growth and development of crops.In this pape...Spodoptera frugiperda is becoming more and more widely distributed in various regions of the world,and it does more and more harm to agriculture,which seriously affects the growth and development of crops.In this paper,focuses were laid on the harm,reproduction,invasion and control of Spodoptera frugiperda,with the aim to provide more scientific bases for agricultural departments to guide agricultural production and pest control.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the allelopathic effects of the extracts of Asteraceae plants on plant seeds and seedlings.[Methods]The effects of the extracts of three Asteraceae plants(Erigeron a...[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the allelopathic effects of the extracts of Asteraceae plants on plant seeds and seedlings.[Methods]The effects of the extracts of three Asteraceae plants(Erigeron annuus,Bidens pilosa and Inula japonica)on the seed germination and seedling growth of four plants(Setaria viridis,Erigeron canadensis,Chenopodium album and Lactuca sativa)were studied by the Petri dish filter paper method and bioassay method.[Results]Different concentrations(10,20,40,100,200 mg/ml)of the extracts of E.annuus,B.pilosa and I.japonica had different allelopathic effects on the seed germination of the same recipient plant,and with the increase of the concentrations of the extracts,the inhibitory effects were more significant.The extract of B.pilosa had the strongest inhibitory effect.The extracts at the low concentration(10 mg/ml)had no significant effects on the germination rates and germination energy of the four kinds of plant seeds.In terms of root growth and biomass,the extracts of E.annuus and I.japonica showed the effect of low promotion and high inhibition.Under the treatment with high concentrations(100,200 mg/ml)of the extracts from the three Asteraceae plants,the germination of plant seeds,plant root length,stem height and biomass were inhibited.With the concentrations of the extracts of the three Compositae plants increasing,the chlorophyll contents of the four plants showed a downward trend,and the activity of SOD,POD,CAT and other antioxidant protective enzymes showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.[Conclusions]These three species of Asteraceae plants had certain allelopathic inhibitory effects on the germination and growth of the four kinds of plant seeds,including S.viridis,E.canadensis,C.album and L.sativa,and they have potential in the development of botanical herbicides or plant protection.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to screen the resistance of Echinochloa crusgalli in some paddy fields in Changde City,Yiyang City and Yueyang City in Hunan Province to penoxsulam and bispyribac-sodium.[Methods]T...[Objectives]This study was conducted to screen the resistance of Echinochloa crusgalli in some paddy fields in Changde City,Yiyang City and Yueyang City in Hunan Province to penoxsulam and bispyribac-sodium.[Methods]The resistance to penoxsulam and bispyribac-sodium was screened in 11 E.crusgalli populations collected from rice production areas in Changde,Yiyang and Yueyang Cities,Hunan Province,and the resistance level of population HU-2 to penoxsulam was determined.[Results]HU-1 to HU-6 and HU-8 A,a total of seven populations showed high levels of resistance to penoxsulam and bispyribac-sodium.The resistance level of population HU-2 to penoxsulam was extremely high;population HU-7 showed low-level resistance to both drugs;HU-11 population showed low-level resistance to penoxsulam and was susceptible to bispyribac-sodium;and populations HU-8 and HU-9 were susceptible to penoxsulam and bispyribac-sodium.[Conclusions]This study provides a technical basis for the rational use of penoxsulam and bispyribac-sodium and the selection of control chemicals for E.crusgalli in paddy fields.展开更多
With the growing demand for environmental protection and physical health,food safety is now receiving more and more attention all over the world.However,pesticides are indispensable in agricultural production.Therefor...With the growing demand for environmental protection and physical health,food safety is now receiving more and more attention all over the world.However,pesticides are indispensable in agricultural production.Therefore,how to efficiently degrade pesticides and remove their residues in foods has always been a hot research topic in recent decades.This paper not only summarizes the types,degradation mechanism and artificial degradation of organophosphorus pesticides,but also highlights the latest advances in chemical degradation,photocatalytic degradation and biodegradation.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to detect the evolution of resistance to glyphosate in Eleusine indica.[Methods]In the previous study,glyphosate-resistant population T2-4 was screened out from E.indica population...[Objectives]This study was conducted to detect the evolution of resistance to glyphosate in Eleusine indica.[Methods]In the previous study,glyphosate-resistant population T2-4 was screened out from E.indica populations in sugarcane fields in Guangxi.In this study,we determined the resistance index of T2-4 by whole plant bioactivity assay and further explored the molecular biological mechanism of resistance.[Results]The resistance index of T2-4 was 112,and it is thus a highly resistant population.Amino acid mutations were found at positions 102,106 and 381 in the EPSPS sequence of T2-4,containing at least a triple mutation allele in Thr-102-Ile,Pro-106-Ser and Pro-381-Leu and a double mutation allele in Pro-106-Ser and Pro-381-Leu.qPCR was used to determine the EPSPS gene copy number and expression in resistant plants of T2-4.EPSPS gene copy number and expression both increased,with 8.3-fold higher copy number and 2.7-fold higher expression than the sensitive population.Therefore,the resistance of T2-4 to glyphosate was mainly caused by multiple target mechanisms including mutation of EPSPS gene,copy number increase and expression increase,and the resistance of E.indica to glyphosate needs our high attention.[Conclusions]At present,the level of resistance to glyphosate is very high in the sugarcane fields of Guangxi,and it is necessary to take a variety of weed control measures to solve the problem of glyphosate resistance.展开更多
[Objectives] This study was conducted to evaluate the toxicity risk of prochloraz-manganese chloride complex to environmental organisms. [Methods] The acute toxicity tests of prochloraz-manganese chloride complex on 8...[Objectives] This study was conducted to evaluate the toxicity risk of prochloraz-manganese chloride complex to environmental organisms. [Methods] The acute toxicity tests of prochloraz-manganese chloride complex on 8 common environmental organisms, such as Coturnix coturnix japonica, Apis mellifera L., Eisenia foetida, Bombyx mori, Trichogramma japonicum, Brachydanio rerio, Daphnia magna Straus and Scenedesmus obliquus were carried out. [Results] Prochloraz-manganese chloride complex to D. magna EC50(48 h): 1.11 mg a.i./L, with a 95% confidence limit of 1.00-1.26 mg a.i./L;B. rerio LC50(96 h): 2.84 mg a.i./L, with a 95 % Confidence limit of 2.43-3.48 mg a.i./L;S. obliquus ErC50(72 h): 1.88×10^-2 mg a.i./L, with a 95% confidence limit of 1.70×10^-2-2.16×10^-2 mg a.i./L;C. coturnix LD50(168 h): 1.01×10^3 mg a.i./kg body weight, with a 95% confidence limit of 7.87×10^2-1.27×10^3 mg a.i./kg body weight;T. japonicum LR50(24 h): 2.53×10^-3 mg a.i./cm^2, with a 95% confidence limit of 2.14×10^-3-2.99×10^-3 mg a.i./cm^2;B. mori LC50(96 h): 2.03×10^2 mg a.i./L, with a 95% confidence limit of 1.79×10^2-2.30×10^2 mg a.i./L;A. mellifera(peroral) LD50(48 h)>100 μg a.i./bee;A. mellifera(contact) LD50(48 h)>100 μg a.i./bee;E. foetida LC50(14 d)>1.00×10^2 mg a.i./kg dry soil. According to the Guidance for Evaluating and Calculating Degradation Kinetics in Environmental Media for Pesticide Registration, prochloraz-manganese chloride complex had low toxicity to A. mellifera, C. coturnix, B. mori and E. foetida, medium toxicity to D. magna and B. rerio, and high toxicity and low risk to S. obliquus and T. japonicum. [Conclusions] This study provides a data basis for the toxicity and environmental safety evaluation of the agent.展开更多
文摘Low-molecular-weight polysaccharides(RLPs)extracted from Rosa laevigata fruits showed multiple biofunctions in Asia.This study aimed to investigate its anti-inflammatory obesity effect in high-fat dietfed rats and further elucidated the underlying molecular mechanism by multi-omics methods.The results showed that RLPs administration had significantly restored immune organ indexes and reduced body weight gain.RNA-seq revealed that the effect of RLPs was partially attributed to its regulation on PPARs signaling by increasing the expressions of Scd,Acox3 and Hmgcs2,and on other redox-related pathways by decreasing the expressions of Cyp2 e1,Il1-r1 and Lbp.Moreover,16 S rRNA sequencing coupled with metagenome sequencing showed that RLPs had significantly reduced the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes from 8.01 to2.37,and significantly increased the relative abundances of Alistipes,Prevotella,and Akkermansia from 0.36%,1.10%and 2.61%to 0.65%,2.37%and 4.42%,respectively.Spearman correlation analysis result indicated that the abundances of Lachnospiraceae,Prevotella and Bacteroidales were significantly negatively correlated with obesity phenotype,liver function and inflammatory factors.These results revealed that RLPs exerted significant anti-inflammatory obesity property partially via regulation on gut microbiota interface and the redox balance.Therefore,RLPs could be a promising functional food resource with the potential for redox imb alance-related diseases chemoprevention.
基金Supported by Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Planning Project (2023NK4289).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to detect the protective effect of abscisic acid on chilling injury of Digitaria sanguinalis(L.)Scop,and whether this effect is related to antioxidant enzymes and osmotic adjustment.[Methods]D.sanguinalis plants were sprayed with abscisic acid solution,and exposed to cold stress at 15℃for 3 d after one day and then at 5℃for 25 to 30 d in a growth chamber.The changes of plant osmotic potential under this treatment were detected.[Results]Under low temperature stress,the osmotic potential of plants in the abscisic acid treatment and the control increased,but the osmotic potential level of the abscisic acid treatment plants was lower.The SOD activity of plants in the ABA treatment and the control decreased under low temperature stress.Under low temperature stress,the activity of catalase and peroxidase in ABA-treated plants was higher than that in control plants.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for the impact of abscisic acid on the physiological response of D.sanguinalis to cold injury.
基金Supported by Key Laboratory Open Platform Project of Hunan Provincial Department of Education(16K047)Hunan Science and Technology Progject(2023NK 4289)。
文摘[Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the scientific prevention and control of Solanum nigrum L. [Methods] Through experiments on S. nigrum from different sources, it was found that glyphosate stress had significant effects on antioxidant enzyme activity and oxidative damage of sensitive S. nigrum plants. [Results] Sensitive S. nigrum showed oxidative damage under glyphosate stress, while resistant S. nigrum responded to adversity damage by improving its antioxidant enzyme activity. The experimental results showed that the antioxidant enzymes and reduced glutathione of S. nigrum had certain metabolic detoxification effects under glyphosate stress. [Conclusions] This study provides a theoretical basis for scientific prevention and control of S. nigrum , and has a certain reference value for revealing the glyphosate resistance mechanism of S. nigrum .
基金Supported by Changsha Science and Technology Major Project(kh2201219)Special Project of the Central Government Guiding Local Science and Technology Development(2023ZYC010)。
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to select suitable mixed seed coating agents for improving the quality of"grey-matter"hybrid rice seeds.[Methods]Three different mixed seed coating agents(A,B,C)were used to coat the seeds of two varieties(Taiyou 390 and Zhenliangyou 8612)of hybrid rice with different"grey-matter"content(5%,15%,25%),and the results were investigated and compared.[Results]The combinations of treatment B(seed coating agent A+Linong)and treatment C(Manshijin+seed coating agent A)could significantly improve indexes including seed germination potential,germination rate,seed vigor,seedling height,fibrous roots and fresh weight of the two varieties with a"grey-matter"content greater than 15%,but had no significant effects on main root length,dry weight,leaf number and tiller number,and the effects of treatment B was better than those of treatment C.That is to say,mixed seed coating agent B(seed coating agent A+Linong)was suitable for use as a seed coating agent to improve the quality of"grey-matter"seeds.[Conclusions]This study provides a reference plan for the safe use of mixed seed batches with"grey-matter"deterioration.
基金Supported by Scientific Research Fund of the Hunan Provincial Education Department of China(19A259)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2022JJ30312)+2 种基金National Innovation Experiment Program for University Students(201910553013)2020 Innovation Experiment Program for College Students of Hunan University of HumanitiesScience and Technology(2020-17)。
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Polygonatum odoratum polysaccharide(POP)on organ relative weights and reproductive hormone levels in male rats fed a high-fat diet.[Methods]Thirty healthy male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into two groups according to their body weight:10 in normal control group(Group NC,n=10)and 20 in experimental group(n=20).The rats in experimental group were fed a high-fat diet for eight weeks before they were further randomly divided into two groups:high fat group(Group HF)and high fat+400 mg/(kg·d)POP group(Group HF+POP).In Group HF+POP,the rats were administered with POP for another six weeks,before their blood plasma was collected,and the relative weights of their testis and epididymis were calculated.The plasma levels of testosterone(T),estrogen(E2),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),cortisol(C)and luteinizing hormone(LH)were measured by radioimmunoassay,and the plasma levels of sex hormone-binding globulin(SHBG)and insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1)were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.[Results]Compared with Group HF,POP could effectively inhibit rat obesity caused by high-fat diets,increase the relative weights of their testis and epididymis,plasma levels of LH,E2,FSH,T,SHBG and IGF-1,and reduce the plasma level of E2.[Conclusions]Polygonatum odoratum polysaccharide(POP)is able to effectively regulate the level of reproductive hormones in high-fat diet fed rats,and helps to protect their reproductive function.
基金Supported by Hunan Provincial University Innovation Platform Open Fund Project(19K049)。
文摘With Pueraria edulis from different habitats in Yunnan Province,Guangdong Province and Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region as materials,the medicinal materials of P.edulis were extracted by ethanol condensation reflux extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction,and the effects of different extraction methods the contents of total flavonoids in P.edulis from different areas were compared.The results showed that the best extraction time for P.edulis in Yunnan Province was 20 min,and that for Guangdong and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region was 30 min.The yield of total flavonoids from P.edulis extracted by the condensation reflux extraction method was relatively better.The content of total flavonoids in P.edulis in Yunnan was the highest with an average content of 0.2557%,while the average content of total flavonoids in P.edulis in Guangdong was the lowest with an average content of 0.2108%.
基金Supported by General Project of Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2022JJ30312)Enterprise Science and Technology Innovation Team Construction Project of Loudi Science and Technology Innovation Program in 2022.
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Polygonatum odoratum polysaccharides on the quality of white chili peppers in jars.[Methods]White chili peppers were pickled by adding different concentrations of P.odoratum polysaccharides with traditional pickling technology,and its nitrite content,pH and sensory quality were analyzed and detected.[Results]The results showed that,compared with the control group without adding P.odoratum polysaccharides,the nitrite content in white chili peppers in jars decreased after adding P.odoratum polysaccharides.When the addition amount of P.odoratum polysaccharides was 0.002%,the inhibition rate of nitrite reached the maximum.Under the same fermentation time,P.odoratum polysaccharides could significantly reduce the pH value of pickles.When the addition amount of P.odoratum polysaccharide was 0.002%and the pickling time was 3 months,the sensory quality of white chili peppers in jars was the best.At this point,white chili peppers in jars had rich aroma and tasted soft and sour,and the sour and salinity were suitable.As the fermentation time continued to increase,the chili aroma of white chili peppers in jars gradually decreased,and the sour taste became more pronounced.[Conclusions]This study can provide reference for the safety and quality control of white chili peppers in jars.
基金Supported by General Project of Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2022JJ30312)National College Student Research-based Learning and Innovative Experimental Program in 2019 (201910553013)College Student Research-based Learning and Innovative Experimental Program of Hunan University of Humanities,Science and Technology in 2020 (17).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the effects of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide(PSP)on chronic intestinal inflammation caused by high-fat diet.[Methods]Thirty five male healthy SD rats were randomly divided into a normal control group(NC,normal diet,n=10)and a high-fat diet group(HF,high-fat diet,n=25).After 8 weeks,an obesity model was established.The HF group was randomly divided into an HF group and a PSP treatment group[PSP,300 mg/(kg·d)].After 6 weeks of intervention with PSP,rat serum was collected,and the spleen and thymus were stripped,and weighed.Serum IgG,IgM,LPS and IL-1βand IL-6 contents were detected by ELISA,and HE staining was adopted to observe the pathological changes of the colon tissue.[Results]PSP reduced the level of LPS caused by high-fat diet and the levels of inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α,increased the indexes of the thymus and spleen serving as immune organs,increased IgG and IgM contents,and alleviated pathological damage to the colon tissue caused by high-fat diet.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis and experimental basis for the development of drugs for treating metabolic diseases such as obesity and inflammation.
基金Supported by Key Project of Hunan Provincial Department of Education (19A259)General Project of Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2022JJ30312)+1 种基金National College Student Research-based Learning and Innovative Experimental Program in 2019 (201910553013)College Student Research-based Learning and Innovative Experiment Program of Hunan University of Humanities,Science and Technology in 2023 (10,14).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide(PSP)on antioxidant function in high-fat diet obese rats.[Methods]Thirty five healthy male SD rats were selected to establish an obesity model after feeding a high-fat for 8 weeks.They were then randomly divided into a normal group(NC),a high-fat diet group(HF),and an HF+P.sibiricum polysaccharide group[HF+PSP,300 mg/(kg·d)].After 6 weeks of PSP intervention,the serum and liver of rats were collected,and the activity of aspartate transaminase(AST)and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)in serum,the enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and malondialdehyde(MDA)in liver tissue were measured.The pathological changes of liver tissue were observed by HE staining.[Results]Compared with the HF group,PSP could effectively inhibit obesity caused by high-fat diet.It reduced body weight and serum AST and ALT levels,increased the contents of T-SOD,CAT and GSH-Px in the liver,and inhibited the accumulation of MDA content,thereby reducing damage to liver cells caused by a high-fat diet.It indicated that PSP could effectively inhibit obesity in high-fat diet rats and enhance their antioxidant capacity.[Conclusions]This study provides a reference for the study of the antioxidant capacity of PSP.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2021JJ30375)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Provincial Department of Education (20A275)Science and Technology Innovation Team Project of Hunan Province (201937924).
文摘Species distribution models have been widely used to explore suitable habitats of species,the impact of climate change on the distribution of suitable habitats of species,and the construction of ecological reserves.This paper introduced species distribution models commonly used in biodiversity analysis,as well as model performance evaluation indexes,challenges in the application of species distribution models,and finally prospected the development trend of research on species distribution models.
基金Supported by the Open Fund for the Innovation Platform of Colleges and Universities in Hunan Province(15K066,16K047)the Training Program for the Industrialization of Colleges and Universities in Hunan Province(13CY030)
文摘Digitaria sanguinalis is an annual worst weed in the grass family that occurs in all parts of China.It mainly does harm to dryland crops and direct-sowing rice fields.In agricultural production,chemical herbicides are mainly used to control them,but the problems of environmental pollution and drug resistance caused by chemical herbicides have become more and more severe,which is in urgent need of integrated management.In this paper,the biological characteristics,chemical control,microbial control and allelopathy of D.sanguinalis were reviewed.
基金Supported by Outstanding Youth Project of Hunan Provincial Education Department(18B461)Hunan Science and Technology Innovation Program(2019NK4170).
文摘Erigeron annuus(L.)Pers.,an alien species,is widely distributed in most areas of China.It was included in the third batch of invasive alien species list by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China,and it is a first-level malignant invasive plant.Due to its great reproducibility with a mass of seeds,power adaptability to the external environment and strong allelopathy,it has highly invasive and adaptability,and has affected the development of the agriculture and forestry,the diversity of local species and the ecosystem.In this paper,we summarized the current invasion situation,invasion and adaptation mechanism of E.annuus,and prospected further research on E.annuus invasion mechanism,hoping to provide a reference for realizing its effective management.
基金Supported by Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department(15C0721)Hunan Provincial Innovation Platform Open Fund Project(16K047)Hunan Provincial Construct Program of the Key Discipline
文摘[Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different proportions of spent Pleurotus ostreatus substrate on the germination and seedling growth of mung beans. [Methods] The cellulose-degrading bacteria HB8 and HF1 were mixed with a commercially available microbial composting agent, respectively, for the composting of spent P. ostreatus substrate. Mung beans were cultivated with different proportions of spent mushroom substrate compost and soil. The seed germination rate, plant height, fresh weight and chlorophyll content of mung bean were used as indicators to investigate the effects of the organic fertilizer from spent P. ostreatus substrate on the growth of mung bean seedlings. [Results] The addition of cellulose-degrading bacteria can significantly improve the composting effect of the spent mushroom substrate. After 8 d of cultivation of mung beans with different ratios of the mushroom substrate organic fertilizer, 50% of the organic fertilizer can make the plant height, fresh weight and leaf chlorophyll content of mung bean seedlings reach the highest value and was suitable for mung bean breeding and cultivation. [Conclusions] This study provides scientific basis and technical indicators for the rapid and harmless treatment of spent mushroom substrate and its application in crop cultivation and nursery.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Project of Hunan Province,China(2019NK4170)The Project for Quality Postgraduate Courses of Hunan Province,China(XJT[2019]No.370).
文摘Spodoptera frugiperda is becoming more and more widely distributed in various regions of the world,and it does more and more harm to agriculture,which seriously affects the growth and development of crops.In this paper,focuses were laid on the harm,reproduction,invasion and control of Spodoptera frugiperda,with the aim to provide more scientific bases for agricultural departments to guide agricultural production and pest control.
基金Supported by Excellent Youth Project of the Education Department of Hunan Province(18B461)Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2019NK4170)Double First-class Applied Characteristic Discipline in Hunan Province(Plant protection)。
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the allelopathic effects of the extracts of Asteraceae plants on plant seeds and seedlings.[Methods]The effects of the extracts of three Asteraceae plants(Erigeron annuus,Bidens pilosa and Inula japonica)on the seed germination and seedling growth of four plants(Setaria viridis,Erigeron canadensis,Chenopodium album and Lactuca sativa)were studied by the Petri dish filter paper method and bioassay method.[Results]Different concentrations(10,20,40,100,200 mg/ml)of the extracts of E.annuus,B.pilosa and I.japonica had different allelopathic effects on the seed germination of the same recipient plant,and with the increase of the concentrations of the extracts,the inhibitory effects were more significant.The extract of B.pilosa had the strongest inhibitory effect.The extracts at the low concentration(10 mg/ml)had no significant effects on the germination rates and germination energy of the four kinds of plant seeds.In terms of root growth and biomass,the extracts of E.annuus and I.japonica showed the effect of low promotion and high inhibition.Under the treatment with high concentrations(100,200 mg/ml)of the extracts from the three Asteraceae plants,the germination of plant seeds,plant root length,stem height and biomass were inhibited.With the concentrations of the extracts of the three Compositae plants increasing,the chlorophyll contents of the four plants showed a downward trend,and the activity of SOD,POD,CAT and other antioxidant protective enzymes showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.[Conclusions]These three species of Asteraceae plants had certain allelopathic inhibitory effects on the germination and growth of the four kinds of plant seeds,including S.viridis,E.canadensis,C.album and L.sativa,and they have potential in the development of botanical herbicides or plant protection.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2019NK4170)Research Innovation Program for College Graduates of Hunan Province(CX2018B796)。
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to screen the resistance of Echinochloa crusgalli in some paddy fields in Changde City,Yiyang City and Yueyang City in Hunan Province to penoxsulam and bispyribac-sodium.[Methods]The resistance to penoxsulam and bispyribac-sodium was screened in 11 E.crusgalli populations collected from rice production areas in Changde,Yiyang and Yueyang Cities,Hunan Province,and the resistance level of population HU-2 to penoxsulam was determined.[Results]HU-1 to HU-6 and HU-8 A,a total of seven populations showed high levels of resistance to penoxsulam and bispyribac-sodium.The resistance level of population HU-2 to penoxsulam was extremely high;population HU-7 showed low-level resistance to both drugs;HU-11 population showed low-level resistance to penoxsulam and was susceptible to bispyribac-sodium;and populations HU-8 and HU-9 were susceptible to penoxsulam and bispyribac-sodium.[Conclusions]This study provides a technical basis for the rational use of penoxsulam and bispyribac-sodium and the selection of control chemicals for E.crusgalli in paddy fields.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province (2019NK4170)High Quality Course for Graduate Students (Xiang Jiao Tong No.[2019]370)
文摘With the growing demand for environmental protection and physical health,food safety is now receiving more and more attention all over the world.However,pesticides are indispensable in agricultural production.Therefore,how to efficiently degrade pesticides and remove their residues in foods has always been a hot research topic in recent decades.This paper not only summarizes the types,degradation mechanism and artificial degradation of organophosphorus pesticides,but also highlights the latest advances in chemical degradation,photocatalytic degradation and biodegradation.
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to detect the evolution of resistance to glyphosate in Eleusine indica.[Methods]In the previous study,glyphosate-resistant population T2-4 was screened out from E.indica populations in sugarcane fields in Guangxi.In this study,we determined the resistance index of T2-4 by whole plant bioactivity assay and further explored the molecular biological mechanism of resistance.[Results]The resistance index of T2-4 was 112,and it is thus a highly resistant population.Amino acid mutations were found at positions 102,106 and 381 in the EPSPS sequence of T2-4,containing at least a triple mutation allele in Thr-102-Ile,Pro-106-Ser and Pro-381-Leu and a double mutation allele in Pro-106-Ser and Pro-381-Leu.qPCR was used to determine the EPSPS gene copy number and expression in resistant plants of T2-4.EPSPS gene copy number and expression both increased,with 8.3-fold higher copy number and 2.7-fold higher expression than the sensitive population.Therefore,the resistance of T2-4 to glyphosate was mainly caused by multiple target mechanisms including mutation of EPSPS gene,copy number increase and expression increase,and the resistance of E.indica to glyphosate needs our high attention.[Conclusions]At present,the level of resistance to glyphosate is very high in the sugarcane fields of Guangxi,and it is necessary to take a variety of weed control measures to solve the problem of glyphosate resistance.
基金Supported by Hunan Scientific and Technological Innovation Planning Project(2019NK4170)Fund for Hunan Province Double First-Class Applied Discipline Plant Protection。
文摘[Objectives] This study was conducted to evaluate the toxicity risk of prochloraz-manganese chloride complex to environmental organisms. [Methods] The acute toxicity tests of prochloraz-manganese chloride complex on 8 common environmental organisms, such as Coturnix coturnix japonica, Apis mellifera L., Eisenia foetida, Bombyx mori, Trichogramma japonicum, Brachydanio rerio, Daphnia magna Straus and Scenedesmus obliquus were carried out. [Results] Prochloraz-manganese chloride complex to D. magna EC50(48 h): 1.11 mg a.i./L, with a 95% confidence limit of 1.00-1.26 mg a.i./L;B. rerio LC50(96 h): 2.84 mg a.i./L, with a 95 % Confidence limit of 2.43-3.48 mg a.i./L;S. obliquus ErC50(72 h): 1.88×10^-2 mg a.i./L, with a 95% confidence limit of 1.70×10^-2-2.16×10^-2 mg a.i./L;C. coturnix LD50(168 h): 1.01×10^3 mg a.i./kg body weight, with a 95% confidence limit of 7.87×10^2-1.27×10^3 mg a.i./kg body weight;T. japonicum LR50(24 h): 2.53×10^-3 mg a.i./cm^2, with a 95% confidence limit of 2.14×10^-3-2.99×10^-3 mg a.i./cm^2;B. mori LC50(96 h): 2.03×10^2 mg a.i./L, with a 95% confidence limit of 1.79×10^2-2.30×10^2 mg a.i./L;A. mellifera(peroral) LD50(48 h)>100 μg a.i./bee;A. mellifera(contact) LD50(48 h)>100 μg a.i./bee;E. foetida LC50(14 d)>1.00×10^2 mg a.i./kg dry soil. According to the Guidance for Evaluating and Calculating Degradation Kinetics in Environmental Media for Pesticide Registration, prochloraz-manganese chloride complex had low toxicity to A. mellifera, C. coturnix, B. mori and E. foetida, medium toxicity to D. magna and B. rerio, and high toxicity and low risk to S. obliquus and T. japonicum. [Conclusions] This study provides a data basis for the toxicity and environmental safety evaluation of the agent.
