A novel RNA virus,the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),is responsible for the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Population genetic analysis could be useful for investiga...A novel RNA virus,the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),is responsible for the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Population genetic analysis could be useful for investigating the origin and evolutionary dynamics of COVID-19.However,due to extensive sampling bias and existence of infection clusters during the epidemic spread,direct applications of existing approaches can lead to biased parameter estimations and data misinterpretation.In this study,we first present robust estimator for the time to the most recent common ancestor(TMRCA)and the mutation rate,and then apply the approach to analyze 12,909 genomic sequences of SARS-CoV-2.The mutation rate is inferred to be 8.69×10^(−4) per site per year with a 95%confidence interval(CI)of[8.61×10^(−4),8.77×10^(−4)],and the TMRCA of the samples inferred to be Nov 28,2019 with a 95%CI of[Oct 20,2019,Dec 9,2019].The results indicate that COVID-19 might originate earlier than and outside of Wuhan Seafood Market.We further demonstrate that genetic polymorphism patterns,including the enrichment of specific haplotypes and the temporal allele frequency trajectories generated from infection clusters,are similar to those caused by evolutionary forces such as natural selection.Our results show that population genetic methods need to be developed to efficiently detangle the effects of sampling bias and infection clusters to gain insights into the evolutionary mechanism of SARS-CoV-2.Software for implementing VirusMuT can be downloaded at https://bigd.big.ac.cn/biocode/tools/BT007081.展开更多
Scorpion fauna of Mongolia, which are thus far poorly understood, were investigated country-wide during a China-Mongolia joint field survey from 2009 to 2012. Of the total 134 sites we surveyed, scorpions were found a...Scorpion fauna of Mongolia, which are thus far poorly understood, were investigated country-wide during a China-Mongolia joint field survey from 2009 to 2012. Of the total 134 sites we surveyed, scorpions were found at 10 sites in the southern Gobi regions, Umnugovi and Dornogovi Aimags （Provinces） of Mongolia. All scorpions collected from Mongolia belong to a single species, Mesobuthus eupeus mongolicus. Combining with its occurrence records in China, we assembled 98 presence data for M. eupeus mongolicus and predicted its geographical distribution using ecological niche modeling approach. This species occurs exclusively in the arid deserts and steppes, ranging from the west extreme of Junggar Basin （Xinjiang） to the Gobi deserts in North China and South Mongolia, with its distributional margins set by the Altai Mountains in the north, the Tian-Shan Mountains and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the south, and the Loess Plateau in the east. We found that ecological niche models could accurately predict （AUC = 0.880 ± 0.016） geographic distribution of M. eupeus mongolicus. Our results show that climate is a reliable predictor for the geographic range of M. eupeus mongolicus, implying that climate might have exerted a dominant control over the natural occurrence of this species. A brief note on the ecology ofM. eupeus mongolicus was also provided,展开更多
Using a new method of multi-frequency of K parameter,we estimate the ratio of altitudes of radio emission region of pulsars at 430 and 1418 MHz.The value of the ratio is 1.34±0.12 and the power law index of altit...Using a new method of multi-frequency of K parameter,we estimate the ratio of altitudes of radio emission region of pulsars at 430 and 1418 MHz.The value of the ratio is 1.34±0.12 and the power law index of altitude-frequency is 0.24±0.08.It is indicated that the lower radio frequencies originate further out and the emission region is radially narrow.展开更多
A comprehensive understanding of phylogeography requires the integration of knowledge across different organisms,ecosystems,and geographic regions.However,a critical knowledge gap exists in the arid biota of the vast ...A comprehensive understanding of phylogeography requires the integration of knowledge across different organisms,ecosystems,and geographic regions.However,a critical knowledge gap exists in the arid biota of the vast Asian drylands.To narrow this gap,here we test an“out-of-Central Asia”hypothesis for the desert scorpion Mesobuthus mongolicus by combining Bayesian phylogeographic reconstruction and ecological niche modeling.Phylogenetic analyses of one mitochondrial and three nuclear loci and molecular dating revealed that M.mongolicus represents a coherent lineage that diverged from its most closely related lineage in Central Asia about 1.36 Ma and underwent radiation ever since.Bayesian phylogeographic reconstruction indicated that the ancestral population dispersed from Central Asia gradually eastward to the Gobi region via the Junggar Basin,suggesting that the Junggar Basin has severed as a corridor for Quaternary faunal exchange between Central Asia and East Asia.Two major dispersal events occurred probably during interglacial periods(around 0.8 and 0.4 Ma,respectively)when climatic conditions were analogous to present-day status,under which the scorpion achieved its maximum distributional range.M.mongolicus underwent demographic expansion during the Last Glacial Maximum,although the predicted distributional areas were smaller than those at present and during the Last Interglacial.Development of desert ecosystems in northwest China incurred by intensified aridification might have opened up empty habitats that sustained population expansion.Our results extend the spatiotemporal dimensions of trans-Eurasia faunal exchange and suggest that species’adaptation is an important determinant of their phylogeographic and demographic responses to climate changes.展开更多
To overcome two obstacles in graphene functionalization—the random distribution of functional groups and substantial lattice defects,in this contribution,we rationally bypass the universal yet destructive graphene ox...To overcome two obstacles in graphene functionalization—the random distribution of functional groups and substantial lattice defects,in this contribution,we rationally bypass the universal yet destructive graphene oxide(GO)-derived methodologies and adopt reductive covalent functionalization of natural graphite.In this strategy,ultrahigh density graphene sheets with evenly distributed negative charges were intermediately yielded by potassium reduction to graphite.Subsequently,they were regioregularly and efficiently brominated by the benchmark electrophile of molecular bromine.The combined characterizations determined the graphene bromide derivative to have a molecular formula of C_(24)-Br,corresponding well with the brominated entity of the inseparable C_(24)-K^(+)graphite intercalation compounds.Due to the regular distribution of Br groups and intact hexagonal lattice of the graphene matrix,the C_(24)-Br_GBr delivers exceptional electrical properties although theπ-conjugation is partially blocked by C(sp^(3))-Br sites and greatly outperforms its counterparts derived from GO bromination.In both model applications of quickly switchable electrochromic devices and all-solid-state supercapacitors,C_(24)-Br_GBr exhibits impressive performance,which highlights the great significance and prospect of regioregular and lattice-nondestructive graphene functionalization.展开更多
目的了解上海市社区高血压筛查对象的血压水平分布及影响因素,为新时期高血压早发现政策和措施的制定提供依据。方法于2017年11-12月,采用多阶段抽样方法抽取上海市7个区共21496名35岁及以上常住居民为调查对象,进行问卷调查、身体测量...目的了解上海市社区高血压筛查对象的血压水平分布及影响因素,为新时期高血压早发现政策和措施的制定提供依据。方法于2017年11-12月,采用多阶段抽样方法抽取上海市7个区共21496名35岁及以上常住居民为调查对象,进行问卷调查、身体测量和实验室检测。采用SAS 9.4软件进行复杂抽样下一般线性模型分析、Rao-Scottχ^2检验、趋势χ^2检验和多因素有序多分类反应变量的logistic回归分析。结果本次调查共有高血压筛查对象(自报未患高血压者)13980名,其平均收缩压为130.6 mm Hg(95%CI:127.8~133.5 mm Hg),平均舒张压为81.3 mm Hg(95%CI:79.6~83.1 mm Hg)。男性平均收缩压[132.5 mm Hg(95%CI:128.4~136.5 mm Hg)]和平均舒张压[83.4 mm Hg(95%CI:81.0~85.7mm Hg)]均高于女性[平均收缩压为128.8 mm Hg(95%CI:126.5~131.2 mm Hg),平均舒张压为79.4 mm Hg(95%CI:77.9~80.8 mm Hg)],均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。≥75岁组平均收缩压最高,为145.4 mm Hg(95%CI:141.8~149.0 mm Hg),而平均舒张压最高的是45~59岁组,为82.2 mm Hg(95%CI:80.1~84.3 mm Hg)。高血压筛查对象的高血压、正常高值检出比例分别为32.94%(95%CI:27.91%~37.96%)和45.62%(95%CI:42.90%~48.34%),男性高血压比例高于女性(P<0.05),75岁以上年龄组高血压检出率最高,为61.57%(95%CI:52.95%~70.20%)。多因素回归分析表明,男性(OR=1.67,95%CI:1.43~1.95)、高年龄(45~59岁OR=1.53,95%CI:1.22~1.92;60~74岁OR=2.18,95%CI:1.83~2.59;≥75岁OR=5.08,95%CI:4.28~6.03)、现在饮酒(OR=1.30,95%CI:1.04~1.62)、糖尿病(OR=1.66,95%CI:1.30~2.11)、血脂异常(OR=1.45,95%CI:1.28~1.65)和超重或肥胖(OR=1.79,95%CI:1.61~1.98)人群血压水平升高的风险较高,均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01),而文化程度较高人群(高中或中专OR=0.67,95%CI:0.53~0.85;大专及以上OR=0.62,95%CI:0.52~0.73)血压水平升高的风险较低,有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论社区高血压筛查对象的正常高值、高血压检出率较高。需探索多途径、高展开更多
目的:利用网状Meta分析评价不同运动方式对老年衰弱患者的影响。方法:计算机检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、Embase、中国生物医学文献服务系统、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普中文期刊全文数据库,搜集不同运...目的:利用网状Meta分析评价不同运动方式对老年衰弱患者的影响。方法:计算机检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、Embase、中国生物医学文献服务系统、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普中文期刊全文数据库,搜集不同运动方式对老年衰弱患者影响的随机对照试验,检索时限从建库至2023年7月。由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料,评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后,采用Stata 15.1软件进行网状Meta分析。结果:共纳入28篇随机对照试验,包括1 705例患者,涉及11种干预方法。网状Meta分析结果显示在Fried衰弱量表方面,累计排序概率曲线下面积(SUCRA)值的排序结果为八段锦、太极拳、舞蹈训练、Kinect运动游戏训练、多组分运动、小组功能力量训练、常规活动。在简易精神状态检查量表方面,SUCRA值的排序结果为方块踏步运动、多组分运动、舞蹈训练、常规活动。在简易体能状况量表方面,SUCRA值的排序结果为多组分运动、小组功能力量训练、常规活动。在起立-行走计时实验方面,SUCRA值的排序结果为多组分运动、Kinect运动游戏训练、八段锦、阻力训练、方块踏步运动、小组功能力量训练、机器人辅助平衡训练、常规活动。在握力方面,SUCRA值的排序结果为太极拳+阻力训练、振动训练、Kinect运动游戏训练、多组分运动、八段锦、阻力训练、舞蹈训练、小组功能力量训练、常规活动。在步速方面,SUCRA值的排序结果为Kinect运动游戏训练、多组分运动、阻力训练、常规活动。在30 s椅子坐站测试方面,SUCRA值的排序结果为方块踏步运动、太极拳、阻力训练、多组分运动、常规活动。结论:当前证据表明,在改善老年衰弱方面,八段锦、方块踏步运动、多组分运动、太极拳+阻力训练、Kinect运动游戏训练可能是最优的运动干预方式,建议未来开展更多的研究进行论证。展开更多
基金This study was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2020YFC0847000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31571370,91731302,and 31772435).
文摘A novel RNA virus,the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),is responsible for the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Population genetic analysis could be useful for investigating the origin and evolutionary dynamics of COVID-19.However,due to extensive sampling bias and existence of infection clusters during the epidemic spread,direct applications of existing approaches can lead to biased parameter estimations and data misinterpretation.In this study,we first present robust estimator for the time to the most recent common ancestor(TMRCA)and the mutation rate,and then apply the approach to analyze 12,909 genomic sequences of SARS-CoV-2.The mutation rate is inferred to be 8.69×10^(−4) per site per year with a 95%confidence interval(CI)of[8.61×10^(−4),8.77×10^(−4)],and the TMRCA of the samples inferred to be Nov 28,2019 with a 95%CI of[Oct 20,2019,Dec 9,2019].The results indicate that COVID-19 might originate earlier than and outside of Wuhan Seafood Market.We further demonstrate that genetic polymorphism patterns,including the enrichment of specific haplotypes and the temporal allele frequency trajectories generated from infection clusters,are similar to those caused by evolutionary forces such as natural selection.Our results show that population genetic methods need to be developed to efficiently detangle the effects of sampling bias and infection clusters to gain insights into the evolutionary mechanism of SARS-CoV-2.Software for implementing VirusMuT can be downloaded at https://bigd.big.ac.cn/biocode/tools/BT007081.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31000951)the External Cooperation Program of BIC,Chinese Academy of Sciences(GJHZ201311,GJHZ1023)
文摘Scorpion fauna of Mongolia, which are thus far poorly understood, were investigated country-wide during a China-Mongolia joint field survey from 2009 to 2012. Of the total 134 sites we surveyed, scorpions were found at 10 sites in the southern Gobi regions, Umnugovi and Dornogovi Aimags （Provinces） of Mongolia. All scorpions collected from Mongolia belong to a single species, Mesobuthus eupeus mongolicus. Combining with its occurrence records in China, we assembled 98 presence data for M. eupeus mongolicus and predicted its geographical distribution using ecological niche modeling approach. This species occurs exclusively in the arid deserts and steppes, ranging from the west extreme of Junggar Basin （Xinjiang） to the Gobi deserts in North China and South Mongolia, with its distributional margins set by the Altai Mountains in the north, the Tian-Shan Mountains and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the south, and the Loess Plateau in the east. We found that ecological niche models could accurately predict （AUC = 0.880 ± 0.016） geographic distribution of M. eupeus mongolicus. Our results show that climate is a reliable predictor for the geographic range of M. eupeus mongolicus, implying that climate might have exerted a dominant control over the natural occurrence of this species. A brief note on the ecology ofM. eupeus mongolicus was also provided,
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.19773001the Astronomy Project of Climbing Program of National Commit tee of Science and Technology of ChinaDoctoral Program Foundation of Higher Education of China.
文摘Using a new method of multi-frequency of K parameter,we estimate the ratio of altitudes of radio emission region of pulsars at 430 and 1418 MHz.The value of the ratio is 1.34±0.12 and the power law index of altitude-frequency is 0.24±0.08.It is indicated that the lower radio frequencies originate further out and the emission region is radially narrow.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.31772435,32170455)C.-M.S.is also supported by a starting fund from Hebei Agricultural University and the State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation(YJ2020028).
文摘A comprehensive understanding of phylogeography requires the integration of knowledge across different organisms,ecosystems,and geographic regions.However,a critical knowledge gap exists in the arid biota of the vast Asian drylands.To narrow this gap,here we test an“out-of-Central Asia”hypothesis for the desert scorpion Mesobuthus mongolicus by combining Bayesian phylogeographic reconstruction and ecological niche modeling.Phylogenetic analyses of one mitochondrial and three nuclear loci and molecular dating revealed that M.mongolicus represents a coherent lineage that diverged from its most closely related lineage in Central Asia about 1.36 Ma and underwent radiation ever since.Bayesian phylogeographic reconstruction indicated that the ancestral population dispersed from Central Asia gradually eastward to the Gobi region via the Junggar Basin,suggesting that the Junggar Basin has severed as a corridor for Quaternary faunal exchange between Central Asia and East Asia.Two major dispersal events occurred probably during interglacial periods(around 0.8 and 0.4 Ma,respectively)when climatic conditions were analogous to present-day status,under which the scorpion achieved its maximum distributional range.M.mongolicus underwent demographic expansion during the Last Glacial Maximum,although the predicted distributional areas were smaller than those at present and during the Last Interglacial.Development of desert ecosystems in northwest China incurred by intensified aridification might have opened up empty habitats that sustained population expansion.Our results extend the spatiotemporal dimensions of trans-Eurasia faunal exchange and suggest that species’adaptation is an important determinant of their phylogeographic and demographic responses to climate changes.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.21504080)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(no.LQ15B040003)the Fundamental Research Funds of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University(no.2020Q040).
文摘To overcome two obstacles in graphene functionalization—the random distribution of functional groups and substantial lattice defects,in this contribution,we rationally bypass the universal yet destructive graphene oxide(GO)-derived methodologies and adopt reductive covalent functionalization of natural graphite.In this strategy,ultrahigh density graphene sheets with evenly distributed negative charges were intermediately yielded by potassium reduction to graphite.Subsequently,they were regioregularly and efficiently brominated by the benchmark electrophile of molecular bromine.The combined characterizations determined the graphene bromide derivative to have a molecular formula of C_(24)-Br,corresponding well with the brominated entity of the inseparable C_(24)-K^(+)graphite intercalation compounds.Due to the regular distribution of Br groups and intact hexagonal lattice of the graphene matrix,the C_(24)-Br_GBr delivers exceptional electrical properties although theπ-conjugation is partially blocked by C(sp^(3))-Br sites and greatly outperforms its counterparts derived from GO bromination.In both model applications of quickly switchable electrochromic devices and all-solid-state supercapacitors,C_(24)-Br_GBr exhibits impressive performance,which highlights the great significance and prospect of regioregular and lattice-nondestructive graphene functionalization.
文摘目的了解上海市社区高血压筛查对象的血压水平分布及影响因素,为新时期高血压早发现政策和措施的制定提供依据。方法于2017年11-12月,采用多阶段抽样方法抽取上海市7个区共21496名35岁及以上常住居民为调查对象,进行问卷调查、身体测量和实验室检测。采用SAS 9.4软件进行复杂抽样下一般线性模型分析、Rao-Scottχ^2检验、趋势χ^2检验和多因素有序多分类反应变量的logistic回归分析。结果本次调查共有高血压筛查对象(自报未患高血压者)13980名,其平均收缩压为130.6 mm Hg(95%CI:127.8~133.5 mm Hg),平均舒张压为81.3 mm Hg(95%CI:79.6~83.1 mm Hg)。男性平均收缩压[132.5 mm Hg(95%CI:128.4~136.5 mm Hg)]和平均舒张压[83.4 mm Hg(95%CI:81.0~85.7mm Hg)]均高于女性[平均收缩压为128.8 mm Hg(95%CI:126.5~131.2 mm Hg),平均舒张压为79.4 mm Hg(95%CI:77.9~80.8 mm Hg)],均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。≥75岁组平均收缩压最高,为145.4 mm Hg(95%CI:141.8~149.0 mm Hg),而平均舒张压最高的是45~59岁组,为82.2 mm Hg(95%CI:80.1~84.3 mm Hg)。高血压筛查对象的高血压、正常高值检出比例分别为32.94%(95%CI:27.91%~37.96%)和45.62%(95%CI:42.90%~48.34%),男性高血压比例高于女性(P<0.05),75岁以上年龄组高血压检出率最高,为61.57%(95%CI:52.95%~70.20%)。多因素回归分析表明,男性(OR=1.67,95%CI:1.43~1.95)、高年龄(45~59岁OR=1.53,95%CI:1.22~1.92;60~74岁OR=2.18,95%CI:1.83~2.59;≥75岁OR=5.08,95%CI:4.28~6.03)、现在饮酒(OR=1.30,95%CI:1.04~1.62)、糖尿病(OR=1.66,95%CI:1.30~2.11)、血脂异常(OR=1.45,95%CI:1.28~1.65)和超重或肥胖(OR=1.79,95%CI:1.61~1.98)人群血压水平升高的风险较高,均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01),而文化程度较高人群(高中或中专OR=0.67,95%CI:0.53~0.85;大专及以上OR=0.62,95%CI:0.52~0.73)血压水平升高的风险较低,有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论社区高血压筛查对象的正常高值、高血压检出率较高。需探索多途径、高
