Objective:Our previous research showed that Naotaifang(a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine)extract(NTE)has clinically beneficial effects on neurological improvement of patients with acute cerebral ischemia....Objective:Our previous research showed that Naotaifang(a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine)extract(NTE)has clinically beneficial effects on neurological improvement of patients with acute cerebral ischemia.In this study,we investigated whether NTE protected acute brain injury in rats and whether its effects on ferroptosis could be linked to the dysfunction of glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)and iron metabolism.Methods:We established an acute brain injury model of middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)in rats,in which we could observe the accumulation of iron in neurons,as detected by Perl’s staining.Using assay kits,we measured expression levels of ferroptosis biomarkers,such as iron,glutathione(GSH),reactive oxygen species(ROS)and malonaldehyde(MDA);further the expression levels of transferrin receptor1(TFR1),divalent metal transporter 1(DMT1),solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7 A11)and GPX4 were determined using immunohistochemical analysis,real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assays.Results:We found that treatment with NTE reduced the expression levels of TFR1 and DMT1,reduced ROS,MDA and iron accumulation and reduced neurobehavioral scores,relative to untreated MCAO rats.Treatment with NTE increased the expression levels of SLC7 A11,GPX4 and GSH,and the number of Nissl bodies in the MCAO rats.Conclusion:Taken together,our data suggest that acute cerebral ischemia induces neuronal ferroptosis and the effects of treating MCAO rats with NTE involved inhibition of ferroptosis through the TFR1/DMT1 and SCL7 A11/GPX4 pathways.展开更多
BACKGROUND:The traditional hand-sewn Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy is technically complicated,and the incidence of postoperative complications has remained high.A set of novel magnetic compressive anastomats was int...BACKGROUND:The traditional hand-sewn Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy is technically complicated,and the incidence of postoperative complications has remained high.A set of novel magnetic compressive anastomats was introduced to facilitate choledochojejunostomy and improve the prognosis of patients.METHODS:After ligating the common bile duct for 7 days,16 dogs were randomly divided into two groups (n=8 per group).Anastomats were used in the study group,and the traditional hand-sewn method was used in the control group for standard Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy.We compared the operation time,incidence of complications,gross appearance,and pathological disparity in stoma between the two groups in 1-month and 3-month follow-up examinations.RESULTS:The time spent on constructing the anastomosis for the study group was significantly shortened.Although no anastomotic stenosis occurred in the two groups,the narrowing rate of biliary-enteric anastomosis was much higher in the control group.There was one case of bile leakage in the control group,whereas no bile leakage occurred in the study group.A smoother surface,an improved layer apposition,and a lower local inflammatory response were identified in the anastomosis of the study group.CONCLUSION:The structures of the novel magnetic compressive anastomats are simple,and they are time-saving,safe and efficient for performing Roux-en-Y choledocho- jejunostomy procedures in a canine model of obstructive jaundice.展开更多
Due to the complexity of the splenic hilar vessels, their anatomical variation and the narrow and deep space, as well as the bleeding-prone splenic parenchyma and the difficulty to manage splenic or vascular bleeding ...Due to the complexity of the splenic hilar vessels, their anatomical variation and the narrow and deep space, as well as the bleeding-prone splenic parenchyma and the difficulty to manage splenic or vascular bleeding at the splenic hilum,the procedure remains challenging and technically demanding procedure for the performance of laparoscopic pancreas- and spleen-preserving splenic hilar lymph nodes dissection. Based on our experiences, we gradually explored a set of procednral operation steps called ＂Huang＇s three-step maneuver＂. In this paper, we not only provide the concrete operation steps for the surgeon, but we also provide our recommended technique of pulling and exposure for assistants. This new maneuver simplifies the complicated procedure and improves the efficiency of laparoscopic spleen-preserving splenic hilar lymphadenectomy, making it easier to master and allowing for its widespread adoption.展开更多
AIM: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectof laparoscopic surgery on liver function in humans and thepossible mechanisms behind such effect.METHODS: Blood samples from 286 patients whounderwent lapar...AIM: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectof laparoscopic surgery on liver function in humans and thepossible mechanisms behind such effect.METHODS: Blood samples from 286 patients whounderwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and 40patients who underwent open cholecystectomy (OC) weretested for liver function by measuring the level of serumalanine aminotrasferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotrasferase(AST) before and after the operations. The same tests werealso applied to 18 laparoscopic colorectal cancer resection(LCR) patients and 23 open colorectal cancer resection (OCR)patients to determine whether CO2 pneumoperitoneum couldalter the serum liver enzymes.RESULTS: The level of serum ALT and AST increasedsignificantly during the first 48 hours post operations in bothLC and LCR patients. However, no significant change of theserum liver enzymes was detected in both OC and OCRpatients. As a result, there was statistically significantdifference in change of both ALT and AST levels betweenLC and OC patients and LCR and OCR patients, respectively.By the 7th day post operation, the level of both enzymesreturned to normal values in LC, OC and OCR patients exceptLCR patients whose enzymes remained at a higher level.CONCLUSION: Transient elevation of hepatic transaminasesoccurred after laparoscopic surgery. The major causativefactor seemed to be the CO2 pneumoperitoneum. In mostof the laparoscopic surgery patients, the transient elevationof serum liver enzymes showed no apparent clinicalimplications. However, if preoperative liver function was verypoor, laparoscopic surgery may not be the best choice forthe treatment of patients with certain abdominal diseases.展开更多
Recently, generative adversarial networks(GANs)have become a research focus of artificial intelligence. Inspired by two-player zero-sum game, GANs comprise a generator and a discriminator, both trained under the adver...Recently, generative adversarial networks(GANs)have become a research focus of artificial intelligence. Inspired by two-player zero-sum game, GANs comprise a generator and a discriminator, both trained under the adversarial learning idea.The goal of GANs is to estimate the potential distribution of real data samples and generate new samples from that distribution.Since their initiation, GANs have been widely studied due to their enormous prospect for applications, including image and vision computing, speech and language processing, etc. In this review paper, we summarize the state of the art of GANs and look into the future. Firstly, we survey GANs' proposal background,theoretic and implementation models, and application fields.Then, we discuss GANs' advantages and disadvantages, and their development trends. In particular, we investigate the relation between GANs and parallel intelligence,with the conclusion that GANs have a great potential in parallel systems research in terms of virtual-real interaction and integration. Clearly, GANs can provide substantial algorithmic support for parallel intelligence.展开更多
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)is a malignant epithelial tumor originating in the nasopharynx and has a high incidence in Southeast Asia and North Africa.To develop these comprehensive guidelines for the diagnosis and m...Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)is a malignant epithelial tumor originating in the nasopharynx and has a high incidence in Southeast Asia and North Africa.To develop these comprehensive guidelines for the diagnosis and management of NPC,the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology(CSCO)arranged a multi-disciplinary team comprising of experts from all sub-specialties of NPC to write,discuss,and revise the guidelines.Based on the findings of evidencebased medicine in China and abroad,domestic experts have iteratively developed these guidelines to provide proper management of NPC.Overall,the guidelines describe the screening,clinical and pathological diagnosis,staging and risk assessment,therapies,and follow-up of NPC,which aim to improve the management of NPC.展开更多
The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST, also called the Guo Shou Jing Telescope) is a special reflecting Schmidt telescope. LAMOST’s special design allows both a large aperture (effecti...The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST, also called the Guo Shou Jing Telescope) is a special reflecting Schmidt telescope. LAMOST’s special design allows both a large aperture (effective aperture of 3.6 m–4.9 m) and a wide field of view (FOV) (5°). It has an innovative active reflecting Schmidt configuration which continuously changes the mirror’s surface that adjusts during the observation process and combines thin deformable mirror active optics with segmented active optics. Its primary mirror (6.67m×6.05 m) and active Schmidt mirror (5.74m×4.40 m) are both segmented, and composed of 37 and 24 hexagonal sub-mirrors respectively. By using a parallel controllable fiber positioning technique, the focal surface of 1.75 m in diameter can accommodate 4000 optical fibers. Also, LAMOST has 16 spectrographs with 32 CCD cameras. LAMOST will be the telescope with the highest rate of spectral acquisition. As a national large scientific project, the LAMOST project was formally proposed in 1996, and approved by the Chinese government in 1997. The construction started in 2001, was completed in 2008 and passed the official acceptance in June 2009. The LAMOST pilot survey was started in October 2011 and the spectroscopic survey will launch in September 2012. Up to now, LAMOST has released more than 480 000 spectra of objects. LAMOST will make an important contribution to the study of the large-scale structure of the Universe, structure and evolution of the Galaxy, and cross-identification of multiwaveband properties in celestial objects.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81774033 and No.81773736)the Hunan Provincial Department of Education-funded Scientific Research Project(No.18C0379 and No.19A378)。
文摘Objective:Our previous research showed that Naotaifang(a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine)extract(NTE)has clinically beneficial effects on neurological improvement of patients with acute cerebral ischemia.In this study,we investigated whether NTE protected acute brain injury in rats and whether its effects on ferroptosis could be linked to the dysfunction of glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)and iron metabolism.Methods:We established an acute brain injury model of middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)in rats,in which we could observe the accumulation of iron in neurons,as detected by Perl’s staining.Using assay kits,we measured expression levels of ferroptosis biomarkers,such as iron,glutathione(GSH),reactive oxygen species(ROS)and malonaldehyde(MDA);further the expression levels of transferrin receptor1(TFR1),divalent metal transporter 1(DMT1),solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7 A11)and GPX4 were determined using immunohistochemical analysis,real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assays.Results:We found that treatment with NTE reduced the expression levels of TFR1 and DMT1,reduced ROS,MDA and iron accumulation and reduced neurobehavioral scores,relative to untreated MCAO rats.Treatment with NTE increased the expression levels of SLC7 A11,GPX4 and GSH,and the number of Nissl bodies in the MCAO rats.Conclusion:Taken together,our data suggest that acute cerebral ischemia induces neuronal ferroptosis and the effects of treating MCAO rats with NTE involved inhibition of ferroptosis through the TFR1/DMT1 and SCL7 A11/GPX4 pathways.
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30830099)
文摘BACKGROUND:The traditional hand-sewn Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy is technically complicated,and the incidence of postoperative complications has remained high.A set of novel magnetic compressive anastomats was introduced to facilitate choledochojejunostomy and improve the prognosis of patients.METHODS:After ligating the common bile duct for 7 days,16 dogs were randomly divided into two groups (n=8 per group).Anastomats were used in the study group,and the traditional hand-sewn method was used in the control group for standard Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy.We compared the operation time,incidence of complications,gross appearance,and pathological disparity in stoma between the two groups in 1-month and 3-month follow-up examinations.RESULTS:The time spent on constructing the anastomosis for the study group was significantly shortened.Although no anastomotic stenosis occurred in the two groups,the narrowing rate of biliary-enteric anastomosis was much higher in the control group.There was one case of bile leakage in the control group,whereas no bile leakage occurred in the study group.A smoother surface,an improved layer apposition,and a lower local inflammatory response were identified in the anastomosis of the study group.CONCLUSION:The structures of the novel magnetic compressive anastomats are simple,and they are time-saving,safe and efficient for performing Roux-en-Y choledocho- jejunostomy procedures in a canine model of obstructive jaundice.
基金National Key Clinical Specialty Discipline Construction program of China (No. [2012] 649)
文摘Due to the complexity of the splenic hilar vessels, their anatomical variation and the narrow and deep space, as well as the bleeding-prone splenic parenchyma and the difficulty to manage splenic or vascular bleeding at the splenic hilum,the procedure remains challenging and technically demanding procedure for the performance of laparoscopic pancreas- and spleen-preserving splenic hilar lymph nodes dissection. Based on our experiences, we gradually explored a set of procednral operation steps called ＂Huang＇s three-step maneuver＂. In this paper, we not only provide the concrete operation steps for the surgeon, but we also provide our recommended technique of pulling and exposure for assistants. This new maneuver simplifies the complicated procedure and improves the efficiency of laparoscopic spleen-preserving splenic hilar lymphadenectomy, making it easier to master and allowing for its widespread adoption.
文摘AIM: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectof laparoscopic surgery on liver function in humans and thepossible mechanisms behind such effect.METHODS: Blood samples from 286 patients whounderwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and 40patients who underwent open cholecystectomy (OC) weretested for liver function by measuring the level of serumalanine aminotrasferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotrasferase(AST) before and after the operations. The same tests werealso applied to 18 laparoscopic colorectal cancer resection(LCR) patients and 23 open colorectal cancer resection (OCR)patients to determine whether CO2 pneumoperitoneum couldalter the serum liver enzymes.RESULTS: The level of serum ALT and AST increasedsignificantly during the first 48 hours post operations in bothLC and LCR patients. However, no significant change of theserum liver enzymes was detected in both OC and OCRpatients. As a result, there was statistically significantdifference in change of both ALT and AST levels betweenLC and OC patients and LCR and OCR patients, respectively.By the 7th day post operation, the level of both enzymesreturned to normal values in LC, OC and OCR patients exceptLCR patients whose enzymes remained at a higher level.CONCLUSION: Transient elevation of hepatic transaminasesoccurred after laparoscopic surgery. The major causativefactor seemed to be the CO2 pneumoperitoneum. In mostof the laparoscopic surgery patients, the transient elevationof serum liver enzymes showed no apparent clinicalimplications. However, if preoperative liver function was verypoor, laparoscopic surgery may not be the best choice forthe treatment of patients with certain abdominal diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61533019,71232006,91520301)
文摘Recently, generative adversarial networks(GANs)have become a research focus of artificial intelligence. Inspired by two-player zero-sum game, GANs comprise a generator and a discriminator, both trained under the adversarial learning idea.The goal of GANs is to estimate the potential distribution of real data samples and generate new samples from that distribution.Since their initiation, GANs have been widely studied due to their enormous prospect for applications, including image and vision computing, speech and language processing, etc. In this review paper, we summarize the state of the art of GANs and look into the future. Firstly, we survey GANs' proposal background,theoretic and implementation models, and application fields.Then, we discuss GANs' advantages and disadvantages, and their development trends. In particular, we investigate the relation between GANs and parallel intelligence,with the conclusion that GANs have a great potential in parallel systems research in terms of virtual-real interaction and integration. Clearly, GANs can provide substantial algorithmic support for parallel intelligence.
文摘Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)is a malignant epithelial tumor originating in the nasopharynx and has a high incidence in Southeast Asia and North Africa.To develop these comprehensive guidelines for the diagnosis and management of NPC,the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology(CSCO)arranged a multi-disciplinary team comprising of experts from all sub-specialties of NPC to write,discuss,and revise the guidelines.Based on the findings of evidencebased medicine in China and abroad,domestic experts have iteratively developed these guidelines to provide proper management of NPC.Overall,the guidelines describe the screening,clinical and pathological diagnosis,staging and risk assessment,therapies,and follow-up of NPC,which aim to improve the management of NPC.
文摘The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST, also called the Guo Shou Jing Telescope) is a special reflecting Schmidt telescope. LAMOST’s special design allows both a large aperture (effective aperture of 3.6 m–4.9 m) and a wide field of view (FOV) (5°). It has an innovative active reflecting Schmidt configuration which continuously changes the mirror’s surface that adjusts during the observation process and combines thin deformable mirror active optics with segmented active optics. Its primary mirror (6.67m×6.05 m) and active Schmidt mirror (5.74m×4.40 m) are both segmented, and composed of 37 and 24 hexagonal sub-mirrors respectively. By using a parallel controllable fiber positioning technique, the focal surface of 1.75 m in diameter can accommodate 4000 optical fibers. Also, LAMOST has 16 spectrographs with 32 CCD cameras. LAMOST will be the telescope with the highest rate of spectral acquisition. As a national large scientific project, the LAMOST project was formally proposed in 1996, and approved by the Chinese government in 1997. The construction started in 2001, was completed in 2008 and passed the official acceptance in June 2009. The LAMOST pilot survey was started in October 2011 and the spectroscopic survey will launch in September 2012. Up to now, LAMOST has released more than 480 000 spectra of objects. LAMOST will make an important contribution to the study of the large-scale structure of the Universe, structure and evolution of the Galaxy, and cross-identification of multiwaveband properties in celestial objects.
