Garlic,an economically important vegetable,spice,and medicinal crop,produces highly enlarged bulbs and unique organosulfur compounds.Here,we report a chromosome-level genome assembly for garlic,with a total size of ap...Garlic,an economically important vegetable,spice,and medicinal crop,produces highly enlarged bulbs and unique organosulfur compounds.Here,we report a chromosome-level genome assembly for garlic,with a total size of approximately 16.24 Gb,as well as the annotation of 57561 predicted protein-coding genes,making garlic the first Allium species with a sequenced genome.Analysis of this garlic genome assembly reveals a recent burst of transposable elements,explaining the substantial expansion of the garlic genome.We examined the evolution of certain genes associated with the biosynthesis of allicin and inulin neoseries-type fructans,and provided new insights into the biosynthesis of these two compounds.Furthermore,a large-scale transcriptome was produced to characterize the expression patterns of garlic genes in different tissues and at various growth stages of enlarged bulbs.The reference genome and large-scale transcriptome data generated in this study provide valuable new resources for research on garlic biology and breeding.展开更多
Rice black streak dwarf virus （RBSDV） is transmitted by the small brown planthopper （SBPH）, Laodelphax striatellus （Fallen）. Non-vector rice brown planthopper （BPH）, Nilaparvata lugens （Stal）, shares the sam...Rice black streak dwarf virus （RBSDV） is transmitted by the small brown planthopper （SBPH）, Laodelphax striatellus （Fallen）. Non-vector rice brown planthopper （BPH）, Nilaparvata lugens （Stal）, shares the same host rice plants with SBPH in paddy fields. The changes in nutritional composition of rice plants infected by RBSDV and the ecological fitness of BPH feeding on the infected plants were studied under both artificial climate chamber and field conditions. Contents of 16 detected amino acids and soluble sugar in RBSDV infected rice plants were higher than those in the healthy ones. On the diseased plants BPH had significantly higher nymphal survival rates, nymphal duration of the males, weight of the female adults, as well as egg hatchability compared to BPH being fed on healthy plants. However, there was no obvious difference in female nymph duration, longevity and fecundity. Defense enzymes （superoxidase dismutase, SOD and catalase, CAT） and detoxifying enzymes （carboxylesterase, CAE and glutathione S-transferase, GST） in BPH adults fed on diseased plants had markedly higher activities. The results indicate rice plants infected by RBSDV improved the ecological fitness of the brown planthopper, a serious pest but not a transmitter of the RBSDV virus.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To assess the curative effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) on leukopenia induced by chemo-radiotherapy in patients with lung cancer.METHODS: A comprehensive electronic search in Medline, Embase, the...OBJECTIVE: To assess the curative effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) on leukopenia induced by chemo-radiotherapy in patients with lung cancer.METHODS: A comprehensive electronic search in Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Libary database,China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database(CNKI) and Wanfang Database was conducted up to July 2017. Random-effects model was used to estimate the standardized mean differences(SMDs)with 95% confidence intervals(CIs). Eleven studies with a total of 957 patients were included in this meta-analysis.RESULTS: The effectiveness in TCM group was higher than control group [RR = 1.60, 95% CI(1.38, 1.85),P < 0.000 01]. Compare with Western Medicinegroup, the effectiveness has no significant difference [RR = 0.96, 95% CI(0.82, 1.12), P = 0.57]. The ineffective rate in test group was lower than the control group [RR = 0.30, 95% CI(0.21, 0.42), P < 0.00001].CONCLUSION: By meta-regression it was suggested that TCM has curative effect on leukopenia induced by chemo-radiotherapy in patients with lung cancer, but by the influence of number and quality of researches, publication bias, more evidence from high quality studies, and larger cohorts for observational trials are needed.展开更多
Background:With the rising global prevalence of fatty liver disease related to metabolic dysfunction,the association of this common liver condition with chronic kidney disease(CKD)has become increasingly evident.In 20...Background:With the rising global prevalence of fatty liver disease related to metabolic dysfunction,the association of this common liver condition with chronic kidney disease(CKD)has become increasingly evident.In 2020,the more inclusive term metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)was proposed to replace the term non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).The observed association between MAFLD and CKD and our understanding that CKD can be a consequence of underlying metabolic dysfunction support the notion that individuals with MAFLD are at higher risk of having and developing CKD compared with those without MAFLD.However,to date,there is no appropriate guidance on CKD in individuals with MAFLD.Furthermore,there has been little attention paid to the link between MAFLD and CKD in the Nephrology community.Methods and Results:Using a Delphi-based approach,a multidisciplinary panel of 50 international experts from 26 countries reached a consensus on some of the open research questions regarding the link between MAFLD and CKD.Conclusions:This Delphi-based consensus statement provided guidance on the epidemiology,mechanisms,management and treatment of MAFLD and CKD,as well as the relationship between the severity of MAFLD and risk of CKD,which establish a framework for the early prevention and management of these two common and interconnected diseases.展开更多
We analyzed vertical distributions of ozone (O3) in the lower troposphere (< 5 km above ground) at Lin’an (119.75°E, 30.30°N), Zhejiang Province using electrochemical concen- tration cell (ECC) ozonesond...We analyzed vertical distributions of ozone (O3) in the lower troposphere (< 5 km above ground) at Lin’an (119.75°E, 30.30°N), Zhejiang Province using electrochemical concen- tration cell (ECC) ozonesonde data obtained from February 21 to April 13, 2001. The results showed that the vertical O3 distributions are controlled by metrological conditions and the char- acteristics of O3 profiles are related to those of wet bulb potential temperature and wind field. O3 below 2 km showed that the strongest variability and enhanced O3 mixing ratios were associated with easterly winds that blow pollutants from the upwind source region of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region. Vertical O3 profiles below 5 km can be grouped into 5 categories: (1) peak mixing ratio type, (2) well-mixed type, (3) layered-structure type, (4) episodic pollution type and (5) alti- tudinal increasing type. Vertical distributions of O3 affected by regional transport of polluted air masses were investigated. Transport of polluted air from high latitudes of northern China, ac- companying subsiding motion of air and stagnant atmospheric conditions are important factors that lead to high mixing ratios of O3 at Lin’an. The stagnant atmospheric conditions associated with a continental high pressure system and pollution plume transported from the YRD and cen- tral-eastern China also lead to regional accumulation of O3 and high O3 mixing ratio at Lin’an. Long-range transport of O3 and pollutants from the Pearl River Delta in South China and in-situ O3 formation also resulted in elevated O3 mixing ratios at around 1 km altitudes and layered O3 distribution in the lower troposphere.展开更多
Background:Liver biopsy for the diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)is limited by its inherent invasiveness and possible sampling errors.Some studies have shown that cytokeratin-18(CK-18)concentrations may...Background:Liver biopsy for the diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)is limited by its inherent invasiveness and possible sampling errors.Some studies have shown that cytokeratin-18(CK-18)concentrations may be useful in diagnosing NASH,but results across studies have been inconsistent.We aimed to identify the utility of CK-18 M30 concentrations as an alternative to liver biopsy for non-invasive identification of NASH.Methods:Individual data were collected from 14 registry centers on patients with biopsy-proven non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),and in all patients,circulating CK-18 M30 levels were measured.Individuals with a NAFLD activity score(NAS)≥5 with a score of≥1 for each of steatosis,ballooning,and lobular inflammation were diagnosed as having definite NASH;individuals with a NAS≤2 and no fibrosis were diagnosed as having non-alcoholic fatty liver(NAFL).Results:A total of 2571 participants were screened,and 1008(153 with NAFL and 855 with NASH)were finally enrolled.Median CK-18 M30 levels were higher in patients with NASH than in those with NAFL(mean difference 177 U/L;standardized mean difference[SMD]:0.87[0.69–1.04]).There was an interaction between CK-18 M30 levels and serum alanine aminotransferase,body mass index(BMI),and hypertension(P<0.001,P=0.026 and P=0.049,respectively).CK-18 M30 levels were positively associated with histological NAS in most centers.The area under the receiver operating characteristics(AUROC)for NASH was 0.750(95%confidence intervals:0.714–0.787),and CK-18 M30 at Youden’s index maximum was 275.7 U/L.Both sensitivity(55%[52%–59%])and positive predictive value(59%)were not ideal.Conclusion:This large multicenter registry study shows that CK-18 M30 measurement in isolation is of limited value for non-invasively diagnosing NASH.展开更多
Background Intestinal inflammation is the main risk factor causing intestinal barrier dysfunction and lipopolysaccharide(LPS)can trigger inflammatory responses in various eukaryotic species.Yeast hydrolysate(YH)posses...Background Intestinal inflammation is the main risk factor causing intestinal barrier dysfunction and lipopolysaccharide(LPS)can trigger inflammatory responses in various eukaryotic species.Yeast hydrolysate(YH)possesses multibiological effects and is received remarkable attention as a functional ingredient for improving growth performance and promoting health in animals.However,there is still inconclusive on the protective effects of dietary YH supplementation on intestinal barrier of piglets.This study was conducted to investigate the attenuate effects of YH supplementation on inflammatory responses and intestinal barrier injury in piglets challenged with LPS.Methods Twenty-four piglets(with an average body weight of 7.42±0.34 kg)weaned at 21 days of age were randomly assigned to one of two dietary treatments(12 replications with one pig per pen):a basal diet or a basal diet containing YH(5 g/kg).On the 22nd d,6 piglets in each treatment were intraperitoneally injected with LPS at 150μg/kg BW,and the others were injected with the same amount of sterile normal saline.Four hours later,blood samples of each piglet were collected and then piglets were euthanized.Results Dietary YH supplementation increased average daily feed intake and average daily gain(P<0.01),decreased the ratio of feed intake to gain of piglets(P sponse,evidenced by the increase o=0.048).Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)injection induced systemic inflammatory ref serum concentrations of haptoglobin(HP),adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH),cortisol,and interleukin-1β(IL-1β).Furthermore,LPS challenge resulted in inflammatory intestinal damage,by up-regulation of the protein or mRNA abundances of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),IL-1β,toll-like receptors 4(TLR4)and phosphor-nuclear factor-κB-p65(p-NFκB-p65)(P<0.01),and down-regulation of the jejunal villus height,the protein and mRNA abundances of zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)and occludin(OCC;P<0.05)in jejunal mucosa.Dietary YH supplementation decreased the impaired effects of ACTH,cortisol,HP,IL-1βand diam展开更多
Objective:To investigate the prevale nee and spectrum of complementary and alternative medicine(CAM)application and its related-factors in Parkinson's disease(PD)patients in China.Methods:A structured questionnair...Objective:To investigate the prevale nee and spectrum of complementary and alternative medicine(CAM)application and its related-factors in Parkinson's disease(PD)patients in China.Methods:A structured questionnaire regarding the use of CAMs was administered to PD patients by face-to-face interview.Demographic and social variables,clinical characteristics and treatments,and the related factors of PD were also surveyed.Results:Ninety out of 113 patients(79.6%)reported that they had received CAMs treatment,of which 48.6%(55/113)patients had received CAMs treatment for PD.The top 3 kinds of CAMs for PD were Chinese materia medica,rehabilitation exercise,and acupuncture ordinally.The source of information regarding CAMs treatment mainly came from relatives and friends(51.8%,73 cases),followed by physicians(31.9%,45 cases),and medias such as television,newspapers or the internet(16.3%,28 cases).Fifty percent of CAM users reported a good therapeutic efficacy,whereas 39% patients reported that they felt neither better nor worse after the treatment,while 11% patients claimed worsening of symptoms.Multiple correspondence analyses survey found the main factors affecting the selectivity of CAMs ranked in the following order:in come,education,occupati on,habitati on,age at on set,Hoeh n and Yahr staging,PD durati on,and gen der.Conclusion:CAMs,especially Chin ese materia medica,rehabilitation exercise,and acupuncture,are widely used for PD patients in China.展开更多
Due to the depletion of traditional fossil fuels and the aggravation of related environmental problems,hydrogen energy is gaining more attention all over the world.Solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)is a promising power gener...Due to the depletion of traditional fossil fuels and the aggravation of related environmental problems,hydrogen energy is gaining more attention all over the world.Solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)is a promising power generation technology operating on hydrogen with a high efficiency.To further boost the power output of a single cell and thus a single stack,increasing the cell area is an effective route.However,it was recently found that further increasing the effective area of an SOFC single cell with a flat-tubular structure and symmetric double-sided cathodes would result in a lower areal performance.In this work,a multi-physical model is built to study the effect of the effective area on the cell performance.The distribution of different physical fields is systematically analyzed.Optimization of the cell performance is also pursued by systematically tuning the cell operating condition and the current collection setup.An improvement of 42%is revealed by modifying the inlet gas flow rates and by enhancing the current collection.In the future,optimization of cell geometry will be performed to improve the homogeneity of different physical fields and thus to improve the stability of the cell.展开更多
Ginger(Zingiber officinale)is one of the most valued spice plants worldwide;it is prized for its culinary and folk medicinal applications and is therefore of high economic and cultural importance.Here,we present a hap...Ginger(Zingiber officinale)is one of the most valued spice plants worldwide;it is prized for its culinary and folk medicinal applications and is therefore of high economic and cultural importance.Here,we present a haplotype-resolved,chromosome-scale assembly for diploid ginger anchored to 11 pseudochromosome pairs with a total length of 3.1 Gb.Remarkable structural variation was identified between haplotypes,and two inversions larger than 15Mb on chromosome 4 may be associated with ginger infertility.We performed a comprehensive,spatiotemporal,genome-wide analysis of allelic expression patterns,revealing that most alleles are coordinately expressed.The alleles that exhibited the largest differences in expression showed closer proximity to transposable elements,greater coding sequence divergence,more relaxed selection pressure,and more transcription factor binding site differences.We also predicted the transcription factors potentially regulating 6-gingerol biosynthesis.Our allele-aware assembly provides a powerful platform for future functional genomics,molecular breeding,and genome editing in ginger.展开更多
Due to profound impact on climate and human health,air quality has attracted attention from all levels of the civil society.The key step in the provision of required tools for the society to tackle the complex air qua...Due to profound impact on climate and human health,air quality has attracted attention from all levels of the civil society.The key step in the provision of required tools for the society to tackle the complex air quality problem is to characterize it in a comprehensive manner with a long-term perspective.Here,we describe a continuous and comprehensive observation station and its accompanying state-ofthe-art instrumentation that was established to investigate the complex urban atmospheric environment in a rapidly developing Chinese Megacity.The station,located in downtown Beijing,aims to study air quality by identifying the major atmospheric pollutants and key processes determining their formation and loss mechanisms.A few hundreds of parameters are continuously measured with the state-of-the-art instruments,including trace gas concentrations,aerosol particle size distributions,and mass concentrations,covering aerosol particle chemical composition from molecules to micrometer-sized aerosol particles.This produced long-term,comprehensive big data with around 1�10^(11)bytes per year.In this paper,we provide an overview on the facilities of the station,the instrumentation used,the workflow of continuous observations and examples of results from 2018 to 2019 and a basis for establishing a modern long-term,comprehensive atmospheric urban observation station in other megacities.展开更多
High mobility group box 1(HMGB1)has been reported to play an important role in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE).Astrocytes are important components of neurovascular units and tightly appose the endotheli...High mobility group box 1(HMGB1)has been reported to play an important role in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE).Astrocytes are important components of neurovascular units and tightly appose the endothelial cells of microvessels by their perivascular endfeet and directly regulate the functions of the blood-brain barrier.Astrocytes express more HMGB1 during EAE while the exact roles of astrocytic HMGB1 in EAE have not been well elucidated.Here,using conditional-knockout mice,we found that astrocytic HMGB1 depletion decreased morbidity,delayed the onset time,and reduced the disease score and demyelination of EAE.Meanwhile,there were fewer immune cells,especially pathogenic T cells infiltration in the central nervous system of astrocytic HMGB1 conditional-knockout EAE mice,accompanied by up-regulated expression of the tight-junction protein Claudin5 and down-regulated expression of the cell adhesion molecules ICAM1 and VCAM1 in vivo.In vitro,HMGB1 released from astrocytes decreased Claudin5 while increased ICAM1 and VCAM1 expressed by brain microvascular endothelial cells(BMECs)through TLR4 or RAGE.Taken together,our results demonstrate that HMGB1 derived from astrocytes aggravates EAE by directly influencing the immune cell infiltration-associated functions of BMECs.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFD040024)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of China(CAAS-ASTIP-lBFC)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31772323,31871678,and 31972000).
文摘Garlic,an economically important vegetable,spice,and medicinal crop,produces highly enlarged bulbs and unique organosulfur compounds.Here,we report a chromosome-level genome assembly for garlic,with a total size of approximately 16.24 Gb,as well as the annotation of 57561 predicted protein-coding genes,making garlic the first Allium species with a sequenced genome.Analysis of this garlic genome assembly reveals a recent burst of transposable elements,explaining the substantial expansion of the garlic genome.We examined the evolution of certain genes associated with the biosynthesis of allicin and inulin neoseries-type fructans,and provided new insights into the biosynthesis of these two compounds.Furthermore,a large-scale transcriptome was produced to characterize the expression patterns of garlic genes in different tissues and at various growth stages of enlarged bulbs.The reference genome and large-scale transcriptome data generated in this study provide valuable new resources for research on garlic biology and breeding.
文摘Rice black streak dwarf virus （RBSDV） is transmitted by the small brown planthopper （SBPH）, Laodelphax striatellus （Fallen）. Non-vector rice brown planthopper （BPH）, Nilaparvata lugens （Stal）, shares the same host rice plants with SBPH in paddy fields. The changes in nutritional composition of rice plants infected by RBSDV and the ecological fitness of BPH feeding on the infected plants were studied under both artificial climate chamber and field conditions. Contents of 16 detected amino acids and soluble sugar in RBSDV infected rice plants were higher than those in the healthy ones. On the diseased plants BPH had significantly higher nymphal survival rates, nymphal duration of the males, weight of the female adults, as well as egg hatchability compared to BPH being fed on healthy plants. However, there was no obvious difference in female nymph duration, longevity and fecundity. Defense enzymes （superoxidase dismutase, SOD and catalase, CAT） and detoxifying enzymes （carboxylesterase, CAE and glutathione S-transferase, GST） in BPH adults fed on diseased plants had markedly higher activities. The results indicate rice plants infected by RBSDV improved the ecological fitness of the brown planthopper, a serious pest but not a transmitter of the RBSDV virus.
基金the Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province(No.2017C37037)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2016YFC1307100 and 2018YFC1314200)+1 种基金the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.LQ20H090012 and LQ20H090010)the Zhejiang University Special Scientific Research Fund for COVID-19 Prevention and Control(No.2020XGZX046),China。
基金Supported by Science Projects of Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Sichuan(No.2016C067)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To assess the curative effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) on leukopenia induced by chemo-radiotherapy in patients with lung cancer.METHODS: A comprehensive electronic search in Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Libary database,China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database(CNKI) and Wanfang Database was conducted up to July 2017. Random-effects model was used to estimate the standardized mean differences(SMDs)with 95% confidence intervals(CIs). Eleven studies with a total of 957 patients were included in this meta-analysis.RESULTS: The effectiveness in TCM group was higher than control group [RR = 1.60, 95% CI(1.38, 1.85),P < 0.000 01]. Compare with Western Medicinegroup, the effectiveness has no significant difference [RR = 0.96, 95% CI(0.82, 1.12), P = 0.57]. The ineffective rate in test group was lower than the control group [RR = 0.30, 95% CI(0.21, 0.42), P < 0.00001].CONCLUSION: By meta-regression it was suggested that TCM has curative effect on leukopenia induced by chemo-radiotherapy in patients with lung cancer, but by the influence of number and quality of researches, publication bias, more evidence from high quality studies, and larger cohorts for observational trials are needed.
文摘Background:With the rising global prevalence of fatty liver disease related to metabolic dysfunction,the association of this common liver condition with chronic kidney disease(CKD)has become increasingly evident.In 2020,the more inclusive term metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)was proposed to replace the term non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).The observed association between MAFLD and CKD and our understanding that CKD can be a consequence of underlying metabolic dysfunction support the notion that individuals with MAFLD are at higher risk of having and developing CKD compared with those without MAFLD.However,to date,there is no appropriate guidance on CKD in individuals with MAFLD.Furthermore,there has been little attention paid to the link between MAFLD and CKD in the Nephrology community.Methods and Results:Using a Delphi-based approach,a multidisciplinary panel of 50 international experts from 26 countries reached a consensus on some of the open research questions regarding the link between MAFLD and CKD.Conclusions:This Delphi-based consensus statement provided guidance on the epidemiology,mechanisms,management and treatment of MAFLD and CKD,as well as the relationship between the severity of MAFLD and risk of CKD,which establish a framework for the early prevention and management of these two common and interconnected diseases.
基金supported by the Research Grant Council of Hong Kong(PolyU.5061/99E and PolyU.5048/02E)an institutional research grant of Hong Kong Polytechnic University(ASD 502)partly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.49975026).
文摘We analyzed vertical distributions of ozone (O3) in the lower troposphere (< 5 km above ground) at Lin’an (119.75°E, 30.30°N), Zhejiang Province using electrochemical concen- tration cell (ECC) ozonesonde data obtained from February 21 to April 13, 2001. The results showed that the vertical O3 distributions are controlled by metrological conditions and the char- acteristics of O3 profiles are related to those of wet bulb potential temperature and wind field. O3 below 2 km showed that the strongest variability and enhanced O3 mixing ratios were associated with easterly winds that blow pollutants from the upwind source region of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region. Vertical O3 profiles below 5 km can be grouped into 5 categories: (1) peak mixing ratio type, (2) well-mixed type, (3) layered-structure type, (4) episodic pollution type and (5) alti- tudinal increasing type. Vertical distributions of O3 affected by regional transport of polluted air masses were investigated. Transport of polluted air from high latitudes of northern China, ac- companying subsiding motion of air and stagnant atmospheric conditions are important factors that lead to high mixing ratios of O3 at Lin’an. The stagnant atmospheric conditions associated with a continental high pressure system and pollution plume transported from the YRD and cen- tral-eastern China also lead to regional accumulation of O3 and high O3 mixing ratio at Lin’an. Long-range transport of O3 and pollutants from the Pearl River Delta in South China and in-situ O3 formation also resulted in elevated O3 mixing ratios at around 1 km altitudes and layered O3 distribution in the lower troposphere.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82070588)High-Level Creative Talents from the Department of Public Health in Zhejiang Province(No.S2032102600032)+4 种基金Project of New Century 551 Talent Nurturing in Wenzhou.G.Targher is supported in part by grants from the University School of Medicine of Verona,Verona,ItalyC.D.Byrne is supported in part by the Southampton NIHR Biomedical Research Centre(No.IS-BRC-20004),UK.MEJG are supported by the Robert W.Storr Bequest to the Sydney Medical Foundation,University of Sydneya National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia(NHMRC)Program Grant(No.APP1053206)Project and ideas grants(Nos.APP2001692,APP1107178,and APP1108422).
文摘Background:Liver biopsy for the diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)is limited by its inherent invasiveness and possible sampling errors.Some studies have shown that cytokeratin-18(CK-18)concentrations may be useful in diagnosing NASH,but results across studies have been inconsistent.We aimed to identify the utility of CK-18 M30 concentrations as an alternative to liver biopsy for non-invasive identification of NASH.Methods:Individual data were collected from 14 registry centers on patients with biopsy-proven non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),and in all patients,circulating CK-18 M30 levels were measured.Individuals with a NAFLD activity score(NAS)≥5 with a score of≥1 for each of steatosis,ballooning,and lobular inflammation were diagnosed as having definite NASH;individuals with a NAS≤2 and no fibrosis were diagnosed as having non-alcoholic fatty liver(NAFL).Results:A total of 2571 participants were screened,and 1008(153 with NAFL and 855 with NASH)were finally enrolled.Median CK-18 M30 levels were higher in patients with NASH than in those with NAFL(mean difference 177 U/L;standardized mean difference[SMD]:0.87[0.69–1.04]).There was an interaction between CK-18 M30 levels and serum alanine aminotransferase,body mass index(BMI),and hypertension(P<0.001,P=0.026 and P=0.049,respectively).CK-18 M30 levels were positively associated with histological NAS in most centers.The area under the receiver operating characteristics(AUROC)for NASH was 0.750(95%confidence intervals:0.714–0.787),and CK-18 M30 at Youden’s index maximum was 275.7 U/L.Both sensitivity(55%[52%–59%])and positive predictive value(59%)were not ideal.Conclusion:This large multicenter registry study shows that CK-18 M30 measurement in isolation is of limited value for non-invasively diagnosing NASH.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0500605)the Key Research and Development Program of Sichuan Province(2021YFYZ0008)the Sichuan Pig Innovation Team of National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System of China(scsztd-2020-08-11)。
文摘Background Intestinal inflammation is the main risk factor causing intestinal barrier dysfunction and lipopolysaccharide(LPS)can trigger inflammatory responses in various eukaryotic species.Yeast hydrolysate(YH)possesses multibiological effects and is received remarkable attention as a functional ingredient for improving growth performance and promoting health in animals.However,there is still inconclusive on the protective effects of dietary YH supplementation on intestinal barrier of piglets.This study was conducted to investigate the attenuate effects of YH supplementation on inflammatory responses and intestinal barrier injury in piglets challenged with LPS.Methods Twenty-four piglets(with an average body weight of 7.42±0.34 kg)weaned at 21 days of age were randomly assigned to one of two dietary treatments(12 replications with one pig per pen):a basal diet or a basal diet containing YH(5 g/kg).On the 22nd d,6 piglets in each treatment were intraperitoneally injected with LPS at 150μg/kg BW,and the others were injected with the same amount of sterile normal saline.Four hours later,blood samples of each piglet were collected and then piglets were euthanized.Results Dietary YH supplementation increased average daily feed intake and average daily gain(P<0.01),decreased the ratio of feed intake to gain of piglets(P sponse,evidenced by the increase o=0.048).Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)injection induced systemic inflammatory ref serum concentrations of haptoglobin(HP),adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH),cortisol,and interleukin-1β(IL-1β).Furthermore,LPS challenge resulted in inflammatory intestinal damage,by up-regulation of the protein or mRNA abundances of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),IL-1β,toll-like receptors 4(TLR4)and phosphor-nuclear factor-κB-p65(p-NFκB-p65)(P<0.01),and down-regulation of the jejunal villus height,the protein and mRNA abundances of zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)and occludin(OCC;P<0.05)in jejunal mucosa.Dietary YH supplementation decreased the impaired effects of ACTH,cortisol,HP,IL-1βand diam
基金Supported by the Project of Wenzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau in Zhejiang Province(No.Y20130337)Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province(No.2010ZQ010)+1 种基金the Young and Middle-Aged University Discipline Leaders of Zhejiang Province,China(No.2013277,G.-q.Z.)Zhejiang Provincial Program for the Cultivation of High-level Health Talents(No.2015,G.-q.Z.)
文摘Objective:To investigate the prevale nee and spectrum of complementary and alternative medicine(CAM)application and its related-factors in Parkinson's disease(PD)patients in China.Methods:A structured questionnaire regarding the use of CAMs was administered to PD patients by face-to-face interview.Demographic and social variables,clinical characteristics and treatments,and the related factors of PD were also surveyed.Results:Ninety out of 113 patients(79.6%)reported that they had received CAMs treatment,of which 48.6%(55/113)patients had received CAMs treatment for PD.The top 3 kinds of CAMs for PD were Chinese materia medica,rehabilitation exercise,and acupuncture ordinally.The source of information regarding CAMs treatment mainly came from relatives and friends(51.8%,73 cases),followed by physicians(31.9%,45 cases),and medias such as television,newspapers or the internet(16.3%,28 cases).Fifty percent of CAM users reported a good therapeutic efficacy,whereas 39% patients reported that they felt neither better nor worse after the treatment,while 11% patients claimed worsening of symptoms.Multiple correspondence analyses survey found the main factors affecting the selectivity of CAMs ranked in the following order:in come,education,occupati on,habitati on,age at on set,Hoeh n and Yahr staging,PD durati on,and gen der.Conclusion:CAMs,especially Chin ese materia medica,rehabilitation exercise,and acupuncture,are widely used for PD patients in China.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11802106,11932005,U20A20251,and 52102226)the Science,Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality(Grant No.GJHZ20220913143009017)the Development and Reform Commission of Shenzhen Municipality,China(Grant No.XMHT20220103004).
文摘Due to the depletion of traditional fossil fuels and the aggravation of related environmental problems,hydrogen energy is gaining more attention all over the world.Solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)is a promising power generation technology operating on hydrogen with a high efficiency.To further boost the power output of a single cell and thus a single stack,increasing the cell area is an effective route.However,it was recently found that further increasing the effective area of an SOFC single cell with a flat-tubular structure and symmetric double-sided cathodes would result in a lower areal performance.In this work,a multi-physical model is built to study the effect of the effective area on the cell performance.The distribution of different physical fields is systematically analyzed.Optimization of the cell performance is also pursued by systematically tuning the cell operating condition and the current collection setup.An improvement of 42%is revealed by modifying the inlet gas flow rates and by enhancing the current collection.In the future,optimization of cell geometry will be performed to improve the homogeneity of different physical fields and thus to improve the stability of the cell.
基金This study was supported by the Foundation for the Introduction of Talent of Pingdingshan University(PXY-BSQD2016009)the Key Research Project of Colleges and Universities of Henan Province(182102110132,172102110111)+6 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation(31600527)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Beijing Forestry University(2018BLCB08)the Project for the Construction of World Class Universities of Beijing Forestry University(2019XKJS0308)the Scientific Research Foundation for National Natural Science Fund(31600527)Z.L.is funded by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Special Research Fund of Ghent University(BOFPDO2018001701)Y.V.P.acknowledges fundings from the European Research Council(ERC)under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program(grant agreement No 833522)from Ghent University(Methusalem funding,BOF.MET.2021.0005.01).
文摘Ginger(Zingiber officinale)is one of the most valued spice plants worldwide;it is prized for its culinary and folk medicinal applications and is therefore of high economic and cultural importance.Here,we present a haplotype-resolved,chromosome-scale assembly for diploid ginger anchored to 11 pseudochromosome pairs with a total length of 3.1 Gb.Remarkable structural variation was identified between haplotypes,and two inversions larger than 15Mb on chromosome 4 may be associated with ginger infertility.We performed a comprehensive,spatiotemporal,genome-wide analysis of allelic expression patterns,revealing that most alleles are coordinately expressed.The alleles that exhibited the largest differences in expression showed closer proximity to transposable elements,greater coding sequence divergence,more relaxed selection pressure,and more transcription factor binding site differences.We also predicted the transcription factors potentially regulating 6-gingerol biosynthesis.Our allele-aware assembly provides a powerful platform for future functional genomics,molecular breeding,and genome editing in ginger.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41877306)the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(2019YFC0214701)+1 种基金Academy of Finland via Center of Excellence in Atmospheric Sciences(272041,316114,and 315203)European Research Council via ATM-GTP 266(742206),the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering.
文摘Due to profound impact on climate and human health,air quality has attracted attention from all levels of the civil society.The key step in the provision of required tools for the society to tackle the complex air quality problem is to characterize it in a comprehensive manner with a long-term perspective.Here,we describe a continuous and comprehensive observation station and its accompanying state-ofthe-art instrumentation that was established to investigate the complex urban atmospheric environment in a rapidly developing Chinese Megacity.The station,located in downtown Beijing,aims to study air quality by identifying the major atmospheric pollutants and key processes determining their formation and loss mechanisms.A few hundreds of parameters are continuously measured with the state-of-the-art instruments,including trace gas concentrations,aerosol particle size distributions,and mass concentrations,covering aerosol particle chemical composition from molecules to micrometer-sized aerosol particles.This produced long-term,comprehensive big data with around 1�10^(11)bytes per year.In this paper,we provide an overview on the facilities of the station,the instrumentation used,the workflow of continuous observations and examples of results from 2018 to 2019 and a basis for establishing a modern long-term,comprehensive atmospheric urban observation station in other megacities.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31670876 and 82171761).
文摘High mobility group box 1(HMGB1)has been reported to play an important role in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE).Astrocytes are important components of neurovascular units and tightly appose the endothelial cells of microvessels by their perivascular endfeet and directly regulate the functions of the blood-brain barrier.Astrocytes express more HMGB1 during EAE while the exact roles of astrocytic HMGB1 in EAE have not been well elucidated.Here,using conditional-knockout mice,we found that astrocytic HMGB1 depletion decreased morbidity,delayed the onset time,and reduced the disease score and demyelination of EAE.Meanwhile,there were fewer immune cells,especially pathogenic T cells infiltration in the central nervous system of astrocytic HMGB1 conditional-knockout EAE mice,accompanied by up-regulated expression of the tight-junction protein Claudin5 and down-regulated expression of the cell adhesion molecules ICAM1 and VCAM1 in vivo.In vitro,HMGB1 released from astrocytes decreased Claudin5 while increased ICAM1 and VCAM1 expressed by brain microvascular endothelial cells(BMECs)through TLR4 or RAGE.Taken together,our results demonstrate that HMGB1 derived from astrocytes aggravates EAE by directly influencing the immune cell infiltration-associated functions of BMECs.
