AIM: To investigate coping mechanisms, constipation symptoms and anorectal physiology in 80 constipated subjects and 18 controls.METHODS: Constipation was diagnosed by Rome Ⅱ criteria.Coping ability and anxiety/depre...AIM: To investigate coping mechanisms, constipation symptoms and anorectal physiology in 80 constipated subjects and 18 controls.METHODS: Constipation was diagnosed by Rome Ⅱ criteria.Coping ability and anxiety/depression were assessed by validated questionnaires. Transit time and balloon distension test were performed.RESULTS: 34.5% patients were classified as slow transit type of constipation. The total colonic transit time (56 h vs 10 h, P＜0.0001) and rectal sensation including urge sensation (79 mL vs 63 mL, P = 0.019) and maximum tolerable volume (110 mL vs95 mL, P = 0.03) differed in patients and controls. Constipated subjects had significantly higher anxiety and depression scores and lower SF-36 scores in all categories. They also demonstrated higher scores of'monitoring' coping strategy (14+6 vs9+3, P = 0.001),which correlated with the rectal distension sensation (P = 0.005), urge sensation (P=0.002), and maximum tolerable volume (P = 0.035). The less use of blunting strategy predicted slow transit constipation in both univariate (P = 0.01) and multivariate analysis (P = 0.03).CONCLUSION: Defective or ineffective use of coping strategies may be an important etiology in functional constipation and subsequently reflected in abnormal anorectal physiology.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the clinical presentations of solidpseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas (SPT) and examine the diagnosis, treatment, low grade malignant potential of this rare disease.METHODS: We retrospectively revi...AIM: To evaluate the clinical presentations of solidpseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas (SPT) and examine the diagnosis, treatment, low grade malignant potential of this rare disease.METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed a series of seven patients with SPT managed in our hospital between July 1990 and October 2003. Six females and one male with mean age of 31 years (range 13 to 50 years) were diagnosed with SPT at our institution.RESULTS: Clinical presentation included a palpable abdominal mass in two patients and vague abdominal discomfort in another two. Two patients were asymptomatic;their tumors were found incidentally on abdominal sonographic examination for other reasons. The final patient was admitted with hemoperitoneum secondary to tumor rupture. The mean diameter of the tumors in the seven patients was 10.5 cm (range 5 to 20 cm). The lesions were located in the body and tail in five cases and in the head of the pancreas in two. Surgical procedures included distal pancreatectomy (3), distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy (2), pancreaticoduodenectomy (1) and a pylorus-preserving Whipple procedure (1). There were gross adhesions or histological evidence of infiltration to the adjacent pancreas and/or splenic capsule in four cases. None of the patients received adjuvant therapy.The mean follow up was 7 years (range 0.5 to 14 years).One patient developed multiple liver metastases after 14 years of follow up.CONCLUSION: SPT is a rare tumor that behaves less aggressively than other pancreatic tumor. However, in cases with local invasion, long-term follow up is advisable.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is an aggressive human cancer with increasing incidence worldwide.Multiple efforts have been made to explore pharmaceutical therapies to treat HCC,such as targeted tyrosine kinase inhibito...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is an aggressive human cancer with increasing incidence worldwide.Multiple efforts have been made to explore pharmaceutical therapies to treat HCC,such as targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors,immune based therapies and combination of chemotherapy.However,limitations exist in current strategies including chemoresistance for instance.Tumor initiation and progression is driven by reprogramming of metabolism,in particular during HCC development.Recently,metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD),a reappraisal of new nomenclature for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),indicates growing appreciation of metabolism in the pathogenesis of liver disease,including HCC,thereby suggesting new strategies by targeting abnormal metabolism for HCC treatment.In this review,we introduce directions by highlighting the metabolic targets in glucose,fatty acid,amino acid and glutamine metabolism,which are suitable for HCC pharmaceutical intervention.We also summarize and discuss current pharmaceutical agents and studies targeting deregulated metabolism during HCC treatment.Furthermore,opportunities and challenges in the discovery and development of HCC therapy targeting metabolism are discussed.展开更多
Genetic manipulation of genes to upregulate specific branches of metabolic pathways is a method that is commonly used to improve fruit quality.However,the use of a single gene to impact several metabolic pathways is d...Genetic manipulation of genes to upregulate specific branches of metabolic pathways is a method that is commonly used to improve fruit quality.However,the use of a single gene to impact several metabolic pathways is difficult.Here,we show that overexpression of the single gene SlMYB75(SlMYB75-OE)is effective at improving multiple fruit quality traits.In these engineered fruits,the anthocyanin content reached 1.86mg g−1 fresh weight at the red-ripe stage,and these SlMYB75-OE tomatoes displayed a series of physiological changes,including delayed ripening and increased ethylene production.In addition to anthocyanin,the total contents of phenolics,flavonoids and soluble solids in SlMYB75-OE fruits were enhanced by 2.6,4,and 1.2 times,respectively,compared to those of wild-type(WT)fruits.Interestingly,a number of aroma volatiles,such as aldehyde,phenylpropanoid-derived and terpene volatiles,were significantly increased in SlMYB75-OE fruits,with some terpene volatiles showing more than 10 times higher levels than those in WT fruits.Consistent with the metabolic assessment,transcriptomic profiling indicated that the genes involved in the ethylene signaling,phenylpropanoid and isoprenoid pathways were greatly upregulated in SlMYB75-OE fruits.Yeast one-hybrid and transactivation assays revealed that SlMYB75 is able to directly bind to the MYBPLANT and MYBPZM cis-regulatory elements and to activate the promoters of the LOXC,AADC2 and TPS genes.The identification of SlMYB75 as a key regulator of fruit quality attributes through the transcriptional regulation of downstream genes involved in several metabolic pathways opens new avenues towards engineering fruits with a higher sensory and nutritional quality.展开更多
The present review is aimed at providing a comprehensive summary on the botany,utility,phytochemistry,pharmacology,and clinical trials of Morus alba(mulberry or sang shu).The mulberry foliage has remained the primary ...The present review is aimed at providing a comprehensive summary on the botany,utility,phytochemistry,pharmacology,and clinical trials of Morus alba(mulberry or sang shu).The mulberry foliage has remained the primary food for silkworms for centuries.Its leaves have also been used as animal feed for livestock and its fruits have been made into a variety of food products.With flavonoids as major constituents,mulberry leaves possess various biological activities,including antioxidant,antimicrobial,skin-whitening,cytotoxic,anti-diabetic,glucosidase inhibition,anti-hyperlipidemic,anti-atherosclerotic,anti-obesity,cardioprotective,and cognitive enhancement activities.Rich in anthocyanins and alkaloids,mulberry fruits have pharmacological properties,such as antioxidant,anti-diabetic,anti-atherosclerotic,anti-obesity,and hepatoprotective activities.The root bark of mulberry,containing flavonoids,alkaloids and stilbenoids,has antimicrobial,skin-whitening,cytotoxic,anti-inflammatory,and anti-hyperlipidemic properties.Other pharmacological properties of M.alba include anti-platelet,anxiolytic,anti-asthmatic,anthelmintic,antidepressant,cardioprotective,and immunomodulatory activities.Clinical trials on the efficiency of M.alba extracts in reducing blood glucose and cholesterol levels and enhancing cognitive ability have been conducted.The phytochemistry and pharmacology of the different parts of the mulberry tree confer its traditional and current uses as fodder,food,cosmetics,and medicine.Overall,M.alba is a multi-functional plant with promising medicinal properties.展开更多
文摘AIM: To investigate coping mechanisms, constipation symptoms and anorectal physiology in 80 constipated subjects and 18 controls.METHODS: Constipation was diagnosed by Rome Ⅱ criteria.Coping ability and anxiety/depression were assessed by validated questionnaires. Transit time and balloon distension test were performed.RESULTS: 34.5% patients were classified as slow transit type of constipation. The total colonic transit time (56 h vs 10 h, P＜0.0001) and rectal sensation including urge sensation (79 mL vs 63 mL, P = 0.019) and maximum tolerable volume (110 mL vs95 mL, P = 0.03) differed in patients and controls. Constipated subjects had significantly higher anxiety and depression scores and lower SF-36 scores in all categories. They also demonstrated higher scores of'monitoring' coping strategy (14+6 vs9+3, P = 0.001),which correlated with the rectal distension sensation (P = 0.005), urge sensation (P=0.002), and maximum tolerable volume (P = 0.035). The less use of blunting strategy predicted slow transit constipation in both univariate (P = 0.01) and multivariate analysis (P = 0.03).CONCLUSION: Defective or ineffective use of coping strategies may be an important etiology in functional constipation and subsequently reflected in abnormal anorectal physiology.
文摘AIM: To evaluate the clinical presentations of solidpseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas (SPT) and examine the diagnosis, treatment, low grade malignant potential of this rare disease.METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed a series of seven patients with SPT managed in our hospital between July 1990 and October 2003. Six females and one male with mean age of 31 years (range 13 to 50 years) were diagnosed with SPT at our institution.RESULTS: Clinical presentation included a palpable abdominal mass in two patients and vague abdominal discomfort in another two. Two patients were asymptomatic;their tumors were found incidentally on abdominal sonographic examination for other reasons. The final patient was admitted with hemoperitoneum secondary to tumor rupture. The mean diameter of the tumors in the seven patients was 10.5 cm (range 5 to 20 cm). The lesions were located in the body and tail in five cases and in the head of the pancreas in two. Surgical procedures included distal pancreatectomy (3), distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy (2), pancreaticoduodenectomy (1) and a pylorus-preserving Whipple procedure (1). There were gross adhesions or histological evidence of infiltration to the adjacent pancreas and/or splenic capsule in four cases. None of the patients received adjuvant therapy.The mean follow up was 7 years (range 0.5 to 14 years).One patient developed multiple liver metastases after 14 years of follow up.CONCLUSION: SPT is a rare tumor that behaves less aggressively than other pancreatic tumor. However, in cases with local invasion, long-term follow up is advisable.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82070883)Scientific Research Foundation for high-level faculty,China Pharmaceutical University(Nanjing,China)。
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is an aggressive human cancer with increasing incidence worldwide.Multiple efforts have been made to explore pharmaceutical therapies to treat HCC,such as targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors,immune based therapies and combination of chemotherapy.However,limitations exist in current strategies including chemoresistance for instance.Tumor initiation and progression is driven by reprogramming of metabolism,in particular during HCC development.Recently,metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD),a reappraisal of new nomenclature for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),indicates growing appreciation of metabolism in the pathogenesis of liver disease,including HCC,thereby suggesting new strategies by targeting abnormal metabolism for HCC treatment.In this review,we introduce directions by highlighting the metabolic targets in glucose,fatty acid,amino acid and glutamine metabolism,which are suitable for HCC pharmaceutical intervention.We also summarize and discuss current pharmaceutical agents and studies targeting deregulated metabolism during HCC treatment.Furthermore,opportunities and challenges in the discovery and development of HCC therapy targeting metabolism are discussed.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2016YFD0400101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31572175,31772370)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2018CDXYSM0021)the Committee of Science and Technology of Chongqing(cstckjcxljrc15).
文摘Genetic manipulation of genes to upregulate specific branches of metabolic pathways is a method that is commonly used to improve fruit quality.However,the use of a single gene to impact several metabolic pathways is difficult.Here,we show that overexpression of the single gene SlMYB75(SlMYB75-OE)is effective at improving multiple fruit quality traits.In these engineered fruits,the anthocyanin content reached 1.86mg g−1 fresh weight at the red-ripe stage,and these SlMYB75-OE tomatoes displayed a series of physiological changes,including delayed ripening and increased ethylene production.In addition to anthocyanin,the total contents of phenolics,flavonoids and soluble solids in SlMYB75-OE fruits were enhanced by 2.6,4,and 1.2 times,respectively,compared to those of wild-type(WT)fruits.Interestingly,a number of aroma volatiles,such as aldehyde,phenylpropanoid-derived and terpene volatiles,were significantly increased in SlMYB75-OE fruits,with some terpene volatiles showing more than 10 times higher levels than those in WT fruits.Consistent with the metabolic assessment,transcriptomic profiling indicated that the genes involved in the ethylene signaling,phenylpropanoid and isoprenoid pathways were greatly upregulated in SlMYB75-OE fruits.Yeast one-hybrid and transactivation assays revealed that SlMYB75 is able to directly bind to the MYBPLANT and MYBPZM cis-regulatory elements and to activate the promoters of the LOXC,AADC2 and TPS genes.The identification of SlMYB75 as a key regulator of fruit quality attributes through the transcriptional regulation of downstream genes involved in several metabolic pathways opens new avenues towards engineering fruits with a higher sensory and nutritional quality.
文摘The present review is aimed at providing a comprehensive summary on the botany,utility,phytochemistry,pharmacology,and clinical trials of Morus alba(mulberry or sang shu).The mulberry foliage has remained the primary food for silkworms for centuries.Its leaves have also been used as animal feed for livestock and its fruits have been made into a variety of food products.With flavonoids as major constituents,mulberry leaves possess various biological activities,including antioxidant,antimicrobial,skin-whitening,cytotoxic,anti-diabetic,glucosidase inhibition,anti-hyperlipidemic,anti-atherosclerotic,anti-obesity,cardioprotective,and cognitive enhancement activities.Rich in anthocyanins and alkaloids,mulberry fruits have pharmacological properties,such as antioxidant,anti-diabetic,anti-atherosclerotic,anti-obesity,and hepatoprotective activities.The root bark of mulberry,containing flavonoids,alkaloids and stilbenoids,has antimicrobial,skin-whitening,cytotoxic,anti-inflammatory,and anti-hyperlipidemic properties.Other pharmacological properties of M.alba include anti-platelet,anxiolytic,anti-asthmatic,anthelmintic,antidepressant,cardioprotective,and immunomodulatory activities.Clinical trials on the efficiency of M.alba extracts in reducing blood glucose and cholesterol levels and enhancing cognitive ability have been conducted.The phytochemistry and pharmacology of the different parts of the mulberry tree confer its traditional and current uses as fodder,food,cosmetics,and medicine.Overall,M.alba is a multi-functional plant with promising medicinal properties.
