【目的】通过对东方蜜蜂微孢子虫(Nosema ceranae)纯化孢子与侵染意大利蜜蜂(Apis mellifera ligustica,简称意蜂)工蜂的东方蜜蜂微孢子虫的差异表达miRNA(DEmiRNA)及其靶mRNA进行系统分析,筛选、分析和探讨病原毒力因子和侵染因子相关...【目的】通过对东方蜜蜂微孢子虫(Nosema ceranae)纯化孢子与侵染意大利蜜蜂(Apis mellifera ligustica,简称意蜂)工蜂的东方蜜蜂微孢子虫的差异表达miRNA(DEmiRNA)及其靶mRNA进行系统分析,筛选、分析和探讨病原毒力因子和侵染因子相关的DEmiRNA及调控网络,在miRNA组学层面揭示东方蜜蜂微孢子虫对意蜂的侵染机制。【方法】利用small RNA-seq(sRNA-seq)技术对东方蜜蜂微孢子虫感染7 d和10 d的意蜂工蜂中肠和东方蜜蜂微孢子虫纯化孢子(NcCK)进行深度测序,通过连续比对rRNA数据库、西方蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)基因组和东方蜜蜂微孢子虫基因组筛滤出处于侵染过程的东方蜜蜂微孢子虫(NcT1和NcT2)数据和东方蜜蜂微孢子虫孢子的测序数据。根据P≤0.05,|log2 fold change|≥1的标准,通过比较分析筛选出各比较组中的差异表达miRNA(differentially expressed miRNA,DEmiRNA)。通过相关生物信息学软件对DEmiRNA进行表达谱分析,靶mRNA预测及功能和代谢通路注释,以及调控网络的构建与分析。通过Stem-loop RT-qPCR验证DEmiRNA的差异表达趋势及测序数据的可靠性。【结果】NcCK vs NcT1、NcCK vs NcT2和NcT1 vs NcT2比较组分别包含164、122和60个DEmiRNA。Venn分析结果显示,3个比较组共有的上调和下调miRNA分别为5和6个。上述DEmiRNA分别预测出1885、1733和1524个靶mRNA。这些靶mRNA分别注释到27、25和26个功能条目,其中注释数量最多的是新陈代谢进程、催化活性、细胞进程、结合和细胞。上述靶mRNA可分别注释到84、84和84条代谢通路,其中注释数量最多的是代谢途径、核糖体和次级代谢产物生物合成。此外,对于NcCK vs NcT1、NcCK vs NcT2和NcT1 vs NcT2中的DEmiRNA,分别有35、26和12个靶向结合MAPK信号通路相关靶mRNA,分别有49、40和17个DEmiRNA靶向结合糖酵解/糖异生通路相关靶mRNA。进一步分析发现,东方蜜蜂微孢子虫的DEmiRNA参与调控蓖麻毒素B凝集素展开更多
Background:Oxidative stress is a main cause of piglet gut damage and diarrhea.Pyrroloquinoline quinone(PQQ),is a novel redox cofactor with antioxidant properties.However,the effect and mechanism that PQQ supplementati...Background:Oxidative stress is a main cause of piglet gut damage and diarrhea.Pyrroloquinoline quinone(PQQ),is a novel redox cofactor with antioxidant properties.However,the effect and mechanism that PQQ supplementation decreases oxidative injury in weaned pigs is not understood.Therefore,the aim of this study is to confirm the effect of PQQ on regulating redox status in weaned pigs and the mechanism for antioxidant function by porcine intestinal epithelial cell line(IPEC-J2)challenged with H_(2)O_(2).Results:Experiment 1,144 Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire pigs(weaned at 28 d)were allocated to four groups:received a basal diet(control)and diets supplemented with 0.15%,0.30%and 0.45%PQQ,respectively.On d 28,growth performance,diarrhea incidence and redox factors were measured.Experiment 2,IPEC-J2 were treated with or without PQQ in the presence or absence of H_(2)O_(2)for indicated time points.Experiment 3,IPEC-J2 were transfected with or without Nrf2 siRNA,then treated according to Experiment 2.The cell viability,redox factors,protein of tight junctions and Nrf2 pathway were determined.In vivo,PQQ supplementation demonstrated dose-related improvements in average daily gain,and gain to feed ratio(Linear P<0.05).During d 0–28,compared to controls,0.45%PQQ supplementation for pigs decreased diarrhea incidence and MDA content in liver and jejunum,and increased concentration of SOD in liver;0.3%PQQ supplementation decreased ileal and liver MDA concentration;and 0.15%PQQ supplementation decreased ileal MDA concentration(P<0.05).In vitro,compared to cells cultured with H_(2)O_(2),pre-treatment with PQQ increased cell viability,tight junction proteins expression including ZO-1,ZO-2,Occludin and Claudin-1;and decreased ROS concentration and level of Caspase-3(P<0.05);as well as upregulated the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax and protein expression of nuclear Nrf2,HO-1.Notably,Nrf2 knockdown by transfection with Nrf2 siRNA largely abrogated the positive effects of PQQ pretreatment on H_(2)O_(2)-induced intracellular changes.Conclusion展开更多
The impact of cyclodextrins(CDs)on wine quality and stability remains largely unknown.This study systematically assessed the protective effect of the post-fermentation addition of CDs on color stability of red wine fr...The impact of cyclodextrins(CDs)on wine quality and stability remains largely unknown.This study systematically assessed the protective effect of the post-fermentation addition of CDs on color stability of red wine from the viewpoints of color characteristics,copigmentation and phenolic profiles.The grey relational analysis(GRA)and principal component analysis(PCA)methods were employed to dissect the key effective determinants related to color quality.The addition of CDs induced a significant hyperchromic effect of 8.19-25.40%,a significant bathochromic effect and an enhancement of the color intensity.Furthermore,the evolution of anthocyanin forms and the content of monomeric anthocyanins revealed that β-CD is a superior favorable cofactor during wine aging,but for long-term aging,2-HP-β-CD and 2-HP-γ-CD are more beneficial in promoting the formation of polymerized anthocyanins and color stability.This work provides an important reference for the use of CDs to enhance the color quality and stability of red wines.展开更多
While it is widely accepted that genetic diversity determines the potential of adaptation,the role that gene expression variation plays in adaptation remains poorly known.Here we show that gene expression diversity co...While it is widely accepted that genetic diversity determines the potential of adaptation,the role that gene expression variation plays in adaptation remains poorly known.Here we show that gene expression diversity could have played a positive role in the adaptation of Miscanthus lutarioriparius.RNA-seq was conducted for 80 individuals of the species,with half planted in the energy crop domestication site and the other half planted in the control site near native habitats.A leaf reference transcriptome consisting of 18,503 high-quality transcripts was obtained using a pipeline developed for de novo assembling with population RNA-seq data.The population structure and genetic diversity of M.lutarioriparius were estimated based on 30,609 genic single nucleotide polymorphisms.Population expression（Ep） and expression diversity（Ed）were defined to measure the average level and the magnitude of variation of a gene expression in the population,respectively.It was found that expression diversity increased while genetic Resediversity decreased after the species was transplanted from the native habitats to the harsh domestication site,especially for genes involved in abiotic stress resistance,histone methylation,and biomass synthesis under water limitation.The increased expression diversity could have enriched phenotypic variation directly subject to selections in the new environment.展开更多
文摘【目的】通过对东方蜜蜂微孢子虫(Nosema ceranae)纯化孢子与侵染意大利蜜蜂(Apis mellifera ligustica,简称意蜂)工蜂的东方蜜蜂微孢子虫的差异表达miRNA(DEmiRNA)及其靶mRNA进行系统分析,筛选、分析和探讨病原毒力因子和侵染因子相关的DEmiRNA及调控网络,在miRNA组学层面揭示东方蜜蜂微孢子虫对意蜂的侵染机制。【方法】利用small RNA-seq(sRNA-seq)技术对东方蜜蜂微孢子虫感染7 d和10 d的意蜂工蜂中肠和东方蜜蜂微孢子虫纯化孢子(NcCK)进行深度测序,通过连续比对rRNA数据库、西方蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)基因组和东方蜜蜂微孢子虫基因组筛滤出处于侵染过程的东方蜜蜂微孢子虫(NcT1和NcT2)数据和东方蜜蜂微孢子虫孢子的测序数据。根据P≤0.05,|log2 fold change|≥1的标准,通过比较分析筛选出各比较组中的差异表达miRNA(differentially expressed miRNA,DEmiRNA)。通过相关生物信息学软件对DEmiRNA进行表达谱分析,靶mRNA预测及功能和代谢通路注释,以及调控网络的构建与分析。通过Stem-loop RT-qPCR验证DEmiRNA的差异表达趋势及测序数据的可靠性。【结果】NcCK vs NcT1、NcCK vs NcT2和NcT1 vs NcT2比较组分别包含164、122和60个DEmiRNA。Venn分析结果显示,3个比较组共有的上调和下调miRNA分别为5和6个。上述DEmiRNA分别预测出1885、1733和1524个靶mRNA。这些靶mRNA分别注释到27、25和26个功能条目,其中注释数量最多的是新陈代谢进程、催化活性、细胞进程、结合和细胞。上述靶mRNA可分别注释到84、84和84条代谢通路,其中注释数量最多的是代谢途径、核糖体和次级代谢产物生物合成。此外,对于NcCK vs NcT1、NcCK vs NcT2和NcT1 vs NcT2中的DEmiRNA,分别有35、26和12个靶向结合MAPK信号通路相关靶mRNA,分别有49、40和17个DEmiRNA靶向结合糖酵解/糖异生通路相关靶mRNA。进一步分析发现,东方蜜蜂微孢子虫的DEmiRNA参与调控蓖麻毒素B凝集素
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32072772,31672459,31372317 and 30871808).
文摘Background:Oxidative stress is a main cause of piglet gut damage and diarrhea.Pyrroloquinoline quinone(PQQ),is a novel redox cofactor with antioxidant properties.However,the effect and mechanism that PQQ supplementation decreases oxidative injury in weaned pigs is not understood.Therefore,the aim of this study is to confirm the effect of PQQ on regulating redox status in weaned pigs and the mechanism for antioxidant function by porcine intestinal epithelial cell line(IPEC-J2)challenged with H_(2)O_(2).Results:Experiment 1,144 Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire pigs(weaned at 28 d)were allocated to four groups:received a basal diet(control)and diets supplemented with 0.15%,0.30%and 0.45%PQQ,respectively.On d 28,growth performance,diarrhea incidence and redox factors were measured.Experiment 2,IPEC-J2 were treated with or without PQQ in the presence or absence of H_(2)O_(2)for indicated time points.Experiment 3,IPEC-J2 were transfected with or without Nrf2 siRNA,then treated according to Experiment 2.The cell viability,redox factors,protein of tight junctions and Nrf2 pathway were determined.In vivo,PQQ supplementation demonstrated dose-related improvements in average daily gain,and gain to feed ratio(Linear P<0.05).During d 0–28,compared to controls,0.45%PQQ supplementation for pigs decreased diarrhea incidence and MDA content in liver and jejunum,and increased concentration of SOD in liver;0.3%PQQ supplementation decreased ileal and liver MDA concentration;and 0.15%PQQ supplementation decreased ileal MDA concentration(P<0.05).In vitro,compared to cells cultured with H_(2)O_(2),pre-treatment with PQQ increased cell viability,tight junction proteins expression including ZO-1,ZO-2,Occludin and Claudin-1;and decreased ROS concentration and level of Caspase-3(P<0.05);as well as upregulated the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax and protein expression of nuclear Nrf2,HO-1.Notably,Nrf2 knockdown by transfection with Nrf2 siRNA largely abrogated the positive effects of PQQ pretreatment on H_(2)O_(2)-induced intracellular changes.Conclusion
基金supported by the Regional Collaborative Innovation Project in Xinjiang Autonomous Region of China(2022E02011)the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFD1002500)the Key Project of Research and Development Plan in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China(2018BBF02001)。
文摘The impact of cyclodextrins(CDs)on wine quality and stability remains largely unknown.This study systematically assessed the protective effect of the post-fermentation addition of CDs on color stability of red wine from the viewpoints of color characteristics,copigmentation and phenolic profiles.The grey relational analysis(GRA)and principal component analysis(PCA)methods were employed to dissect the key effective determinants related to color quality.The addition of CDs induced a significant hyperchromic effect of 8.19-25.40%,a significant bathochromic effect and an enhancement of the color intensity.Furthermore,the evolution of anthocyanin forms and the content of monomeric anthocyanins revealed that β-CD is a superior favorable cofactor during wine aging,but for long-term aging,2-HP-β-CD and 2-HP-γ-CD are more beneficial in promoting the formation of polymerized anthocyanins and color stability.This work provides an important reference for the use of CDs to enhance the color quality and stability of red wines.
基金supported by grants from the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.91131902)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KSCX2-EX-QR-1)
文摘While it is widely accepted that genetic diversity determines the potential of adaptation,the role that gene expression variation plays in adaptation remains poorly known.Here we show that gene expression diversity could have played a positive role in the adaptation of Miscanthus lutarioriparius.RNA-seq was conducted for 80 individuals of the species,with half planted in the energy crop domestication site and the other half planted in the control site near native habitats.A leaf reference transcriptome consisting of 18,503 high-quality transcripts was obtained using a pipeline developed for de novo assembling with population RNA-seq data.The population structure and genetic diversity of M.lutarioriparius were estimated based on 30,609 genic single nucleotide polymorphisms.Population expression（Ep） and expression diversity（Ed）were defined to measure the average level and the magnitude of variation of a gene expression in the population,respectively.It was found that expression diversity increased while genetic Resediversity decreased after the species was transplanted from the native habitats to the harsh domestication site,especially for genes involved in abiotic stress resistance,histone methylation,and biomass synthesis under water limitation.The increased expression diversity could have enriched phenotypic variation directly subject to selections in the new environment.
