The deposition and preservation of organic carbon(OC)in sedimentary environments(including soils and sediments)play major roles in mediating the global carbon cycle.More than 90%of OC burial in the ocean occurs in con...The deposition and preservation of organic carbon(OC)in sedimentary environments(including soils and sediments)play major roles in mediating the global carbon cycle.More than 90%of OC burial in the ocean occurs in continental margin sediments,which contributes to the evolution of the Earth’s atmosphere,such as oxygen content,over geological timescales.1 However,how OC escapes mineralization and persists in such sedimentary deposits has long been a puzzle.Mineral protection through physicochemical associations of organic matter with minerals and cations is considered to be one of the primary mechanisms contributing to the environmental persistence of sedimentary OC.展开更多
Organic scintillators,materials with the ability to exhibit luminescence when exposed to X-rays,have aroused increasing interest in recent years.However,the enhancement of radioluminescence and improving X-ray absorpt...Organic scintillators,materials with the ability to exhibit luminescence when exposed to X-rays,have aroused increasing interest in recent years.However,the enhancement of radioluminescence and improving X-ray absorption of organic scintillators lie in the inherent dilemma,due to the waste of triplet excitons and weak X-ray absorption during scintillation.Here,we employ halogenated thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials to improve the triplet exciton utilization and X-ray absorption simultaneously,generating efficient scintillation with a low detection limit,which is one order of magnitude lower than the dosage for X-ray medical diagnostics.Through experimental study and theoretical calculation,we reveal the positive role of X-ray absorption,quantum yields of prompt fluorescence,and intersystem crossing in promoting the radioluminescence intensity.This finding offers an opportunity to design diverse types of organic scintillators and expands the applications of thermally activated delayed fluorescence.展开更多
Among energy storage devices,electrochemical capacitors(ECs)possessing ultrahigh power density and long-term stability have attracted numerous research interests and thus enriched our arsenal when coping with specific...Among energy storage devices,electrochemical capacitors(ECs)possessing ultrahigh power density and long-term stability have attracted numerous research interests and thus enriched our arsenal when coping with specific issues[1-10].While a large number of aqueous ECs could run well at room temperature,demand for their survival and operation under thermal extremes is rising.For example,military-grade electrochemical energy storage(EES)devices are expected to operate from-40 to 60℃ and equipment for cold climates or high altitudes can experience temperatures as low as—60℃[11].展开更多
Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was applied in the detection of the end point temperature (EPT) of thermal denatured protein in fish and meat in this study. It was also used in stu...Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was applied in the detection of the end point temperature (EPT) of thermal denatured protein in fish and meat in this study. It was also used in studying the thermal denatured temperature range of proteins in salmon and chicken meat. The results show that the temperature ranges of denatured proteins were from 65 ℃ to 75 ℃ , and these temperature ranges were influenced by the processing methods. Through SDS-PAGE, the features of repeated heating thermal denatured proteins under the same temperature and processing time were studied. The electrophoresis patterns of thermal denatured proteins determined through repeated heating at the same temperature did not exhibit any change. For the detection of cooked fish and meat samples, they were subjected to applying the SDS-PAGE method, which revealed an EPT ranging from 60 ℃ to 80 ℃ .展开更多
Reservoir water environment is a grey system. The grey clustering method is applied to assessing the reservoir water enviromnent to establish a relatively complete model suitable for the reservoir eutrophication evalu...Reservoir water environment is a grey system. The grey clustering method is applied to assessing the reservoir water enviromnent to establish a relatively complete model suitable for the reservoir eutrophication evaluation and appropriately evaluate the quality of reservoir water, providing evidence for reservoir management. According to China＇s lakes and reservoir eutrophication criteria and the characteristics of China＇s eutrophication, as well as certain evaluation indices, the degree of eutrophication is classified into six categories with the utilization of grey classified whitening weight function to represent the boundaries of classification, to determine the clustering weight and clustering coefficient of each index in grey classifications, and the classification of each clustering object. The comprehensive evaluation of reservoir eutrophication is established on such a foundation, with Sichuan Shengzhong Reservoir as the survey object and the analysis of the data attained by several typical monitoring points there in 2006. It is found that eutrophication of Tiebian Power Generation Station, Guoyuanchang and Dashiqiao Bridge is the heaviest, Tielusi and Qinggangya the second, and Lijiaba the least. The eutrophication of this reservoir is closely relevant to the irrational exploitation in its surrounding areas, especially to the aggravation of the non-point source pollution and the increase of net-culture fishing. Therefore, it is feasible to use grey clustering in environment quality evaluation, and the point lies in the correct division of grey whitening function展开更多
Heterotopic ossification(HO)describes bone formation at non-skeletal sites and results from traumatic injury,surgery,or genetic disease such as fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva(FOP).1,2 Although it is known that ...Heterotopic ossification(HO)describes bone formation at non-skeletal sites and results from traumatic injury,surgery,or genetic disease such as fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva(FOP).1,2 Although it is known that BMP signaling regulates HO,knowledge about the developmental origin of the osteogenic progenitors responsible for the BMP-associated metamorphosis is comparably less.With the use of transgenic mice and labelled neural crest-derived cell,3 we found myelin protein zero(P0,or MPZ)-and Wnt1-lineage cells give rise to BMP-7 induced adult ectopic cartilage and bone.展开更多
The presented system consists of field devices, a control system and a host computer system. The field devices, which are composed of an in-pipe micro-robot, a displacement sensor, a curvature sensor, and an inner sur...The presented system consists of field devices, a control system and a host computer system. The field devices, which are composed of an in-pipe micro-robot, a displacement sensor, a curvature sensor, and an inner surface measurement unit, can go into the pipe to get the data of displace- ment and axis curvature, and the shape data of the inner surface. With the conic-shape laser beam shot by the inner surface measurement unit, the intersectional curve between the laser beam and the inner-surface of the tested pipe can be calculated in the local coordination system （LCS） of the inner surface measurement unit. The relation between the LCS and the global coordination system （GCS） can be deduced, too. After the robot reaches the end of the pipe, all measured intersectional curves can be translated into the same coordination system to become a point cloud of the inner surface of the pipe according to the relations between LCS and GCS. Depending on this points cloud, the CAD model of the inner surface of the pipe can be reconstructed easily with reverse engineering tools, and the feature of flaw of the pipe can be obtained with flaw analysis tools.展开更多
The EST database of the Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus) was mined for developing microsatellite markers. A total of 1476 EST sequences were registered in GenBank when data mining was performed. Fifty sequences (appr...The EST database of the Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus) was mined for developing microsatellite markers. A total of 1476 EST sequences were registered in GenBank when data mining was performed. Fifty sequences (approximately 3.4%) were found to contain one or more microsatellites. Based on the length and GC content of the flanking regions, cluster analysis and BLASTN, 13 microsatellite-containing ESTs were selected for PCR primer design. The results showed that 10 out of 13 primer pairs could amplify scorable PCR products and showed polymorphism. The number of alleles ranged from 2 to 13 and the values of Ho and He varied from 0.1222 to 0.8611 and 0.2449 to 0.9311, respectively. No significant linkage disequilibrium (LD) between any pairs of these loci was found, and 6 of 10 loci conformed to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). These EST-SSRs are therefore potential tools for studies of intraspecies variation and hybrid identification.展开更多
WRKY transcription factors are known mostly for their function in plant defense,abiotic stress responses,senescence,seed germination,and development of the pollen,embryo,and seed.Here,we report the regulatory function...WRKY transcription factors are known mostly for their function in plant defense,abiotic stress responses,senescence,seed germination,and development of the pollen,embryo,and seed.Here,we report the regulatory functions of two WRKY proteins in photomorphogenesis and PIF4 expression.PIF4 is a critical signaling hub in light,temperature,and hormonal signaling pathways.Either its expression or its accumulation peaks in the morning and afternoon.WRKY2 and WRKY10 form heterodimers and recognize their target site in the PIF4 promoter near the MYB element that is bound by CCA1 and LHY under red and blue light.WRKY2 and WRKY10 interact directly with CCA1/LHY to enhance their targeting but interact indirectly with SHB1.The two WRKY proteins also interact with phyB,and their interaction enhances the targeting of CCA1 and LHY to the PIF4 promoter.SHB1 associates with theWRKY2 andWRKY10 loci and enhances their expression in parallel with the PIF4 expression peaks.This forward regulatory loop further sustains the accumulation of the two WRKY proteins and the targeting of CCA1/LHY to the PIF4 locus.In summary,interactions of two WRKY proteins with CCA1/LHY and phyB maintain an optimal expression level of PIF4 toward noon and afternoon,which is essential to sketch the circadian pattern of PIF4 expression.展开更多
In practice,we experience low efficiency of search and rescue(SAR)frequently in disaster relief.Here,we will optimize the SAR through agent-based simulation.In the kind of cases described here,rescue teams are charact...In practice,we experience low efficiency of search and rescue(SAR)frequently in disaster relief.Here,we will optimize the SAR through agent-based simulation.In the kind of cases described here,rescue teams are characterized by different capabilities,and the tasks often require different capabilities to complete.To this end,a combinatorial auction-based task allocation scheme is used to develop a cooperative rescue plan for the heterogeneous rescue teams.Then,we illustrate the proposed cooperative rescue plan in different scenarios with the case of landslide disaster relief.The simulation results indicate that the combinatorial auction-based cooperative rescue plan would increase victims’relative survival probability by 13.8–16.3%,increase the ratio of survivors getting rescued by 10.7–12.7%,and decrease the average elapsed time for one site getting rescued by 19.0–26.6%.The proposed rescue plan outperforms the rescue plan based on the F-Max-Sum a little bit.The robustness analysis shows that the proposed rescue plan is relatively reliable on condition that both the search radius and scope of cooperation are larger than thresholds.Furthermore,we have investigated how the number of rescue teams influences the rescue efficiency.展开更多
The pattern of change of the microtubule cytoskele-ton of the root-tip cells of rice during mitosis was studied using immunofluorescence technic and confocal laser scanning microscopy. All the major stages of cell div...The pattern of change of the microtubule cytoskele-ton of the root-tip cells of rice during mitosis was studied using immunofluorescence technic and confocal laser scanning microscopy. All the major stages of cell division including preprophase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase were observed. The most significant finding was that in the preprophase cells microtubules radiating from the nuclear surface to the cortex were frequently seen. During development these microtubules became closely associated with the preprophase band and prophase spindle indicating that the microtubules radiating from the nuclear surface, the preprophase band and the prophase spindle were structurally and functionally closely related to each other. Granule-like anchorage sites for the radiating microtubules at the nuclear surface were often seen and the possibility that these granule-like anchorage sites might represent the microtubule organizing centres was discussed.展开更多
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant nos.42025303 and 42242014We acknowledge support from the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y2022077).
文摘The deposition and preservation of organic carbon(OC)in sedimentary environments(including soils and sediments)play major roles in mediating the global carbon cycle.More than 90%of OC burial in the ocean occurs in continental margin sediments,which contributes to the evolution of the Earth’s atmosphere,such as oxygen content,over geological timescales.1 However,how OC escapes mineralization and persists in such sedimentary deposits has long been a puzzle.Mineral protection through physicochemical associations of organic matter with minerals and cations is considered to be one of the primary mechanisms contributing to the environmental persistence of sedimentary OC.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(grant no.2020YFA0709900)National Basic Science Center of Flexible Electronics(62288102)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62134007,21975120,21875104,and 21973043)the Primary Research and Development Plan of Jiangsu Province(BE2016770).
文摘Organic scintillators,materials with the ability to exhibit luminescence when exposed to X-rays,have aroused increasing interest in recent years.However,the enhancement of radioluminescence and improving X-ray absorption of organic scintillators lie in the inherent dilemma,due to the waste of triplet excitons and weak X-ray absorption during scintillation.Here,we employ halogenated thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials to improve the triplet exciton utilization and X-ray absorption simultaneously,generating efficient scintillation with a low detection limit,which is one order of magnitude lower than the dosage for X-ray medical diagnostics.Through experimental study and theoretical calculation,we reveal the positive role of X-ray absorption,quantum yields of prompt fluorescence,and intersystem crossing in promoting the radioluminescence intensity.This finding offers an opportunity to design diverse types of organic scintillators and expands the applications of thermally activated delayed fluorescence.
基金financially supported by the Basic Research Project of Science and Technology Innovation Commission of Shenzhen (JCYJ20170817110251498)Guangdong Special Support for Science and Technology Leading Young Scientist (2016TQ03C919)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21603094, 21703096, and 11775105)
文摘Among energy storage devices,electrochemical capacitors(ECs)possessing ultrahigh power density and long-term stability have attracted numerous research interests and thus enriched our arsenal when coping with specific issues[1-10].While a large number of aqueous ECs could run well at room temperature,demand for their survival and operation under thermal extremes is rising.For example,military-grade electrochemical energy storage(EES)devices are expected to operate from-40 to 60℃ and equipment for cold climates or high altitudes can experience temperatures as low as—60℃[11].
基金supported by a research project (No. 2006IK012) of the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of P. R. China.
文摘Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was applied in the detection of the end point temperature (EPT) of thermal denatured protein in fish and meat in this study. It was also used in studying the thermal denatured temperature range of proteins in salmon and chicken meat. The results show that the temperature ranges of denatured proteins were from 65 ℃ to 75 ℃ , and these temperature ranges were influenced by the processing methods. Through SDS-PAGE, the features of repeated heating thermal denatured proteins under the same temperature and processing time were studied. The electrophoresis patterns of thermal denatured proteins determined through repeated heating at the same temperature did not exhibit any change. For the detection of cooked fish and meat samples, they were subjected to applying the SDS-PAGE method, which revealed an EPT ranging from 60 ℃ to 80 ℃ .
文摘Reservoir water environment is a grey system. The grey clustering method is applied to assessing the reservoir water enviromnent to establish a relatively complete model suitable for the reservoir eutrophication evaluation and appropriately evaluate the quality of reservoir water, providing evidence for reservoir management. According to China＇s lakes and reservoir eutrophication criteria and the characteristics of China＇s eutrophication, as well as certain evaluation indices, the degree of eutrophication is classified into six categories with the utilization of grey classified whitening weight function to represent the boundaries of classification, to determine the clustering weight and clustering coefficient of each index in grey classifications, and the classification of each clustering object. The comprehensive evaluation of reservoir eutrophication is established on such a foundation, with Sichuan Shengzhong Reservoir as the survey object and the analysis of the data attained by several typical monitoring points there in 2006. It is found that eutrophication of Tiebian Power Generation Station, Guoyuanchang and Dashiqiao Bridge is the heaviest, Tielusi and Qinggangya the second, and Lijiaba the least. The eutrophication of this reservoir is closely relevant to the irrational exploitation in its surrounding areas, especially to the aggravation of the non-point source pollution and the increase of net-culture fishing. Therefore, it is feasible to use grey clustering in environment quality evaluation, and the point lies in the correct division of grey whitening function
基金supported by grants-in-aid for scientific research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)(No.16K15662)iPS Cell Research Fund(No.200154400002)+2 种基金Suzuken Memorial Foundation(No.21-008),the Core Center for iPS Cell Research of the Research Center Network for Realization of Regenerative Medicine(No.21bm0104001h0009)the Practical Research Project for Rare/Intractable Diseases(No.16ek0109161h0002)from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development(AMED)to MIThis work was also supported by grants-in-aid for scientific research from JSPS(No.19K16540 and 21K06855)to CZ.
文摘Heterotopic ossification(HO)describes bone formation at non-skeletal sites and results from traumatic injury,surgery,or genetic disease such as fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva(FOP).1,2 Although it is known that BMP signaling regulates HO,knowledge about the developmental origin of the osteogenic progenitors responsible for the BMP-associated metamorphosis is comparably less.With the use of transgenic mice and labelled neural crest-derived cell,3 we found myelin protein zero(P0,or MPZ)-and Wnt1-lineage cells give rise to BMP-7 induced adult ectopic cartilage and bone.
基金This project is supported by National Hi-tech Research and DevelopmentProgram of China (863 program, No.2001AA423130).
文摘The presented system consists of field devices, a control system and a host computer system. The field devices, which are composed of an in-pipe micro-robot, a displacement sensor, a curvature sensor, and an inner surface measurement unit, can go into the pipe to get the data of displace- ment and axis curvature, and the shape data of the inner surface. With the conic-shape laser beam shot by the inner surface measurement unit, the intersectional curve between the laser beam and the inner-surface of the tested pipe can be calculated in the local coordination system （LCS） of the inner surface measurement unit. The relation between the LCS and the global coordination system （GCS） can be deduced, too. After the robot reaches the end of the pipe, all measured intersectional curves can be translated into the same coordination system to become a point cloud of the inner surface of the pipe according to the relations between LCS and GCS. Depending on this points cloud, the CAD model of the inner surface of the pipe can be reconstructed easily with reverse engineering tools, and the feature of flaw of the pipe can be obtained with flaw analysis tools.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30500379)Grant of the Inspection Technologies for Human and Animal Resources(2005IK053-3)the Student Research Training Program(0611010401)
文摘The EST database of the Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus) was mined for developing microsatellite markers. A total of 1476 EST sequences were registered in GenBank when data mining was performed. Fifty sequences (approximately 3.4%) were found to contain one or more microsatellites. Based on the length and GC content of the flanking regions, cluster analysis and BLASTN, 13 microsatellite-containing ESTs were selected for PCR primer design. The results showed that 10 out of 13 primer pairs could amplify scorable PCR products and showed polymorphism. The number of alleles ranged from 2 to 13 and the values of Ho and He varied from 0.1222 to 0.8611 and 0.2449 to 0.9311, respectively. No significant linkage disequilibrium (LD) between any pairs of these loci was found, and 6 of 10 loci conformed to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). These EST-SSRs are therefore potential tools for studies of intraspecies variation and hybrid identification.
基金This work was supported by Shandong Agricultural University,China,SDA-2014.
文摘WRKY transcription factors are known mostly for their function in plant defense,abiotic stress responses,senescence,seed germination,and development of the pollen,embryo,and seed.Here,we report the regulatory functions of two WRKY proteins in photomorphogenesis and PIF4 expression.PIF4 is a critical signaling hub in light,temperature,and hormonal signaling pathways.Either its expression or its accumulation peaks in the morning and afternoon.WRKY2 and WRKY10 form heterodimers and recognize their target site in the PIF4 promoter near the MYB element that is bound by CCA1 and LHY under red and blue light.WRKY2 and WRKY10 interact directly with CCA1/LHY to enhance their targeting but interact indirectly with SHB1.The two WRKY proteins also interact with phyB,and their interaction enhances the targeting of CCA1 and LHY to the PIF4 promoter.SHB1 associates with theWRKY2 andWRKY10 loci and enhances their expression in parallel with the PIF4 expression peaks.This forward regulatory loop further sustains the accumulation of the two WRKY proteins and the targeting of CCA1/LHY to the PIF4 locus.In summary,interactions of two WRKY proteins with CCA1/LHY and phyB maintain an optimal expression level of PIF4 toward noon and afternoon,which is essential to sketch the circadian pattern of PIF4 expression.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant Nos.71473232,71573237]Research Foundation of Humanities and Social Sciences of Ministry of Education of China[Grant No.15YJA630019].
文摘In practice,we experience low efficiency of search and rescue(SAR)frequently in disaster relief.Here,we will optimize the SAR through agent-based simulation.In the kind of cases described here,rescue teams are characterized by different capabilities,and the tasks often require different capabilities to complete.To this end,a combinatorial auction-based task allocation scheme is used to develop a cooperative rescue plan for the heterogeneous rescue teams.Then,we illustrate the proposed cooperative rescue plan in different scenarios with the case of landslide disaster relief.The simulation results indicate that the combinatorial auction-based cooperative rescue plan would increase victims’relative survival probability by 13.8–16.3%,increase the ratio of survivors getting rescued by 10.7–12.7%,and decrease the average elapsed time for one site getting rescued by 19.0–26.6%.The proposed rescue plan outperforms the rescue plan based on the F-Max-Sum a little bit.The robustness analysis shows that the proposed rescue plan is relatively reliable on condition that both the search radius and scope of cooperation are larger than thresholds.Furthermore,we have investigated how the number of rescue teams influences the rescue efficiency.
文摘The pattern of change of the microtubule cytoskele-ton of the root-tip cells of rice during mitosis was studied using immunofluorescence technic and confocal laser scanning microscopy. All the major stages of cell division including preprophase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase were observed. The most significant finding was that in the preprophase cells microtubules radiating from the nuclear surface to the cortex were frequently seen. During development these microtubules became closely associated with the preprophase band and prophase spindle indicating that the microtubules radiating from the nuclear surface, the preprophase band and the prophase spindle were structurally and functionally closely related to each other. Granule-like anchorage sites for the radiating microtubules at the nuclear surface were often seen and the possibility that these granule-like anchorage sites might represent the microtubule organizing centres was discussed.
