Soil carbon mapping is extremely useful in assessing the effect of land management practices on soil carbon storage. Applications of neutron-gamma analysis in scanning mode for mapping of soil carbon are discussed. A ...Soil carbon mapping is extremely useful in assessing the effect of land management practices on soil carbon storage. Applications of neutron-gamma analysis in scanning mode for mapping of soil carbon are discussed. A Global Positioning System(GPS) device and softwares required to simultaneously acquire gamma signals and geographical positions during scanning operations were added to an existing measurement system. The reliability of soil carbon measurements in scanning mode was demonstrated to be in agreement with results acquired from static mode. The error analysis indicated that scanning measurements can be conducted with the same accuracy as static measurements in approximately one fourth the time. To obtain results suitable for mapping analogous to traditional chemical analyses(i.e.,± 0.5 in weight percent or ± 0.5 w%), scanning time over a given site should be ca. 15 min using the current measurement system configuration. Based on this measurement time, a reasonable towing speed of 3–5 km h^-1, the necessity for complete site coverage during scanning, the number of sites(within the surveyed field), and the required total measurement time can be estimated. Soil carbon measurements for 28 field sites(total area ca. 2.5 ha) were conducted in ca. 8 h. Based on acquired data,a soil carbon distribution map was constructed utilizing various softwares. The surveyed field area included an asphalt road that had carbon readings higher than the surrounding land. The clarity with which these carbon-rich zones were delineated on the constructed map represents evidence supporting the veracity of this method. Neutron-gamma analysis technology can greatly facilitate timely construction of soil carbon maps.展开更多
According to the FDA Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) for Salmonella identification in produce, two pre-enrichment steps with 48 hours of incubation are the golden procedures. Lactose broth is recommended for t...According to the FDA Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) for Salmonella identification in produce, two pre-enrichment steps with 48 hours of incubation are the golden procedures. Lactose broth is recommended for the first pre-enrichment step medium for leafy greens, and the universal pre-enrichment (UP) broth is for tomatoes. However, the suggested broths were evaluated to have the maximum performance using the culture-dependent methods, and may not be applied to other methods, such as biosensor detection platform. A wireless bacteriophage magnetoelastic (ME) biosensor has been recently developed for real-time or rapid detection of food-borne pathogens in various foods. This affinity-based biosensor utilizes a phage oligonucleotide as the probe to capture target bacteria. In this study, the efficiencies of different pre-enrichment media for early detection of low Salmonella on spinach leaves and tomatoes use ME biosensors to shorten detection time. Four broths of modified peptone water, Lennox broth (LB), lactose broth, and UP broth were selected in this study. Various pre-enrichment times for ME biosensor detection were investigated. After spiking 4 cfu/g Salmonella on the tomatoes surfaces, the phage biosensor was able to detect Salmonella within 5 hours of pre-enrichment comparing to 24 hours in the FDA procedures. For Salmonella spiked spinach leaves, the same medium showed Salmonella positive within 7 hours. This study demonstrated that LB broth is the best medium to shorten pre-enrichment time to pass Salmonella number detection thresholds for ME biosensor detection in spinach and tomatoes when comparing to FDA procedures.展开更多
Phage Display technology provides a mechanism for us to make bio-recognition elements on biosensors for detection of Salmonella enterica serovars. In the procedure, the filamentous M13 bacteriophage is used for acquir...Phage Display technology provides a mechanism for us to make bio-recognition elements on biosensors for detection of Salmonella enterica serovars. In the procedure, the filamentous M13 bacteriophage is used for acquiring peptides that have a high affinity for the target recognition. Our approach in this study was to develop peptide structures in the pIII region of this thread-shaped virus. A phage pIII library was used to perform biopanning for the phage clones to bind the target Salmonella serovars. The clones were bound, washed, eluted and amplified four times. Then, the phage peptides were sequenced tested for specificity using ELISA procedures. In this project to make a biosensor for all relevant Salmonella enterica serovars, we used common LPS salmonellae antigens as targets in the biopanning procedure. This enabled us to have a phage probe specific for all serovars of Salmonella enterica excluding the typhoid organisms. The final phage was then immobilized onto an electromagnetic platform to complete the biosensor, which gives us the real-time ability to measure resonance changes that indicate mass loading. The mass loading is an indication of binding to the target cells. Our current data with an ELISA procedure show the phage probe’s high affinity for salmonellae, very low cross-reactivity with Escherichia coli, Shigella, and no cross-reactivity to Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes. The biosensor with the phage showed that the capture ability for Salmonella serovars is thirty times higher than the control sensor. This biosensor is a candidate for detection of Salmonella in food and other settings.展开更多
Objectives:Invasive fungal infections(IFIs)are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in acute leukemia patients undergoing chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT).Surgical interventions may be...Objectives:Invasive fungal infections(IFIs)are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in acute leukemia patients undergoing chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT).Surgical interventions may be necessary to improve the survival outcomes of these patients.The aim of this study is to report a single-center experience using surgical intervention as adjunctive treatment for IFI in adult leukemia patients.Methods:A retrospective review was conducted to obtain clinical characteristics and outcomes of surgically managed IFI patients diagnosed between January 2005 and December 2015 in our center.Results:Nineteen acute leukemia patients,median age 46 years(range 19–65),underwent 20 surgical procedures as management for IFI.Three patients had proven IFI diagnoses prior to surgery.Sixteen patients underwent surgery for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.Post-surgery,the diagnostic yield for proven IFI increased by a factor of 5,and 15 patients had definitive IFI diagnoses.Surgical complications included 2 pleural effusions,4 pneumothoraxes,and 1 hydropneumothorax.The median duration of hospitalization for patients with complications was 9 days(range 3–64).Thirteen patients benefited overall from the procedure,3 had temporary clinical benefits,and 2 had progression of IFI.After surgery,the 3-month and 2-year overall survival rates were 89.5%and 57.9%,respectively.The median time from surgery to resumption of chemotherapy or HSCT was 25 days.Conclusions:Surgical interventions for IFI are feasible in selected leukemia patients,as they yield valuable information to guide antifungal therapy or enable therapeutic outcomes with acceptable risk,thereby allowing patients to proceed with curative chemotherapy and HSCT.展开更多
The ongoing collaborative research between Auburn University and Johnson Controls was described. A Ti rich binary NiTi alloy and two ternary alloys having the compositions Ni 49 Ti 51- x Hf x with 1% and 3%(more fract...The ongoing collaborative research between Auburn University and Johnson Controls was described. A Ti rich binary NiTi alloy and two ternary alloys having the compositions Ni 49 Ti 51- x Hf x with 1% and 3%(more fraction) Hf were investigated. The influence of Hf content, cold working(CW) and heat treatment temperature (HT) on the martensitic and R phase transformations was thermally analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The crystal structures of the alloys were examined by X ray diffraction. Results showed that at low HT, the martensitic transformation temperature (TT) decreases with increasing CW for all the alloys studied. In this alloy, for a given CW, the martensite TT increases with increasing HT above 350 ℃. This phenomenon is enhanced by the presence of Hf. Different mechanisms can be responsible for the observed behavior. These mechanisms may involve interaction between phase transformations, dislocations and internal stresses. The effect of Hf substitution is likely due to the atomic size difference between Ti and Hf. A secondary phase,identified as Ti 2Ni in binary NiTi and (TiHf) 2Ni in the two ternary alloys, was observed. The influence of cold work, heat treatment and thermal cycling on the R phase (R) transformation in three alloys was also thermally analyzed. Results showed that such transformation depends on composition as well as CW and HT conditions in a complex manner. Effort was made to identify the microstructure and the factors responsible for the observed behavior in the R phase transformation.展开更多
基金supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Research Grant (No. ALA2016-67021-24417) “Precision geospatial mapping of soil carbon content for agricultural productivity and lifecycle management”
文摘Soil carbon mapping is extremely useful in assessing the effect of land management practices on soil carbon storage. Applications of neutron-gamma analysis in scanning mode for mapping of soil carbon are discussed. A Global Positioning System(GPS) device and softwares required to simultaneously acquire gamma signals and geographical positions during scanning operations were added to an existing measurement system. The reliability of soil carbon measurements in scanning mode was demonstrated to be in agreement with results acquired from static mode. The error analysis indicated that scanning measurements can be conducted with the same accuracy as static measurements in approximately one fourth the time. To obtain results suitable for mapping analogous to traditional chemical analyses(i.e.,± 0.5 in weight percent or ± 0.5 w%), scanning time over a given site should be ca. 15 min using the current measurement system configuration. Based on this measurement time, a reasonable towing speed of 3–5 km h^-1, the necessity for complete site coverage during scanning, the number of sites(within the surveyed field), and the required total measurement time can be estimated. Soil carbon measurements for 28 field sites(total area ca. 2.5 ha) were conducted in ca. 8 h. Based on acquired data,a soil carbon distribution map was constructed utilizing various softwares. The surveyed field area included an asphalt road that had carbon readings higher than the surrounding land. The clarity with which these carbon-rich zones were delineated on the constructed map represents evidence supporting the veracity of this method. Neutron-gamma analysis technology can greatly facilitate timely construction of soil carbon maps.
文摘According to the FDA Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) for Salmonella identification in produce, two pre-enrichment steps with 48 hours of incubation are the golden procedures. Lactose broth is recommended for the first pre-enrichment step medium for leafy greens, and the universal pre-enrichment (UP) broth is for tomatoes. However, the suggested broths were evaluated to have the maximum performance using the culture-dependent methods, and may not be applied to other methods, such as biosensor detection platform. A wireless bacteriophage magnetoelastic (ME) biosensor has been recently developed for real-time or rapid detection of food-borne pathogens in various foods. This affinity-based biosensor utilizes a phage oligonucleotide as the probe to capture target bacteria. In this study, the efficiencies of different pre-enrichment media for early detection of low Salmonella on spinach leaves and tomatoes use ME biosensors to shorten detection time. Four broths of modified peptone water, Lennox broth (LB), lactose broth, and UP broth were selected in this study. Various pre-enrichment times for ME biosensor detection were investigated. After spiking 4 cfu/g Salmonella on the tomatoes surfaces, the phage biosensor was able to detect Salmonella within 5 hours of pre-enrichment comparing to 24 hours in the FDA procedures. For Salmonella spiked spinach leaves, the same medium showed Salmonella positive within 7 hours. This study demonstrated that LB broth is the best medium to shorten pre-enrichment time to pass Salmonella number detection thresholds for ME biosensor detection in spinach and tomatoes when comparing to FDA procedures.
文摘Phage Display technology provides a mechanism for us to make bio-recognition elements on biosensors for detection of Salmonella enterica serovars. In the procedure, the filamentous M13 bacteriophage is used for acquiring peptides that have a high affinity for the target recognition. Our approach in this study was to develop peptide structures in the pIII region of this thread-shaped virus. A phage pIII library was used to perform biopanning for the phage clones to bind the target Salmonella serovars. The clones were bound, washed, eluted and amplified four times. Then, the phage peptides were sequenced tested for specificity using ELISA procedures. In this project to make a biosensor for all relevant Salmonella enterica serovars, we used common LPS salmonellae antigens as targets in the biopanning procedure. This enabled us to have a phage probe specific for all serovars of Salmonella enterica excluding the typhoid organisms. The final phage was then immobilized onto an electromagnetic platform to complete the biosensor, which gives us the real-time ability to measure resonance changes that indicate mass loading. The mass loading is an indication of binding to the target cells. Our current data with an ELISA procedure show the phage probe’s high affinity for salmonellae, very low cross-reactivity with Escherichia coli, Shigella, and no cross-reactivity to Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes. The biosensor with the phage showed that the capture ability for Salmonella serovars is thirty times higher than the control sensor. This biosensor is a candidate for detection of Salmonella in food and other settings.
文摘Objectives:Invasive fungal infections(IFIs)are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in acute leukemia patients undergoing chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT).Surgical interventions may be necessary to improve the survival outcomes of these patients.The aim of this study is to report a single-center experience using surgical intervention as adjunctive treatment for IFI in adult leukemia patients.Methods:A retrospective review was conducted to obtain clinical characteristics and outcomes of surgically managed IFI patients diagnosed between January 2005 and December 2015 in our center.Results:Nineteen acute leukemia patients,median age 46 years(range 19–65),underwent 20 surgical procedures as management for IFI.Three patients had proven IFI diagnoses prior to surgery.Sixteen patients underwent surgery for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.Post-surgery,the diagnostic yield for proven IFI increased by a factor of 5,and 15 patients had definitive IFI diagnoses.Surgical complications included 2 pleural effusions,4 pneumothoraxes,and 1 hydropneumothorax.The median duration of hospitalization for patients with complications was 9 days(range 3–64).Thirteen patients benefited overall from the procedure,3 had temporary clinical benefits,and 2 had progression of IFI.After surgery,the 3-month and 2-year overall survival rates were 89.5%and 57.9%,respectively.The median time from surgery to resumption of chemotherapy or HSCT was 25 days.Conclusions:Surgical interventions for IFI are feasible in selected leukemia patients,as they yield valuable information to guide antifungal therapy or enable therapeutic outcomes with acceptable risk,thereby allowing patients to proceed with curative chemotherapy and HSCT.
文摘The ongoing collaborative research between Auburn University and Johnson Controls was described. A Ti rich binary NiTi alloy and two ternary alloys having the compositions Ni 49 Ti 51- x Hf x with 1% and 3%(more fraction) Hf were investigated. The influence of Hf content, cold working(CW) and heat treatment temperature (HT) on the martensitic and R phase transformations was thermally analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The crystal structures of the alloys were examined by X ray diffraction. Results showed that at low HT, the martensitic transformation temperature (TT) decreases with increasing CW for all the alloys studied. In this alloy, for a given CW, the martensite TT increases with increasing HT above 350 ℃. This phenomenon is enhanced by the presence of Hf. Different mechanisms can be responsible for the observed behavior. These mechanisms may involve interaction between phase transformations, dislocations and internal stresses. The effect of Hf substitution is likely due to the atomic size difference between Ti and Hf. A secondary phase,identified as Ti 2Ni in binary NiTi and (TiHf) 2Ni in the two ternary alloys, was observed. The influence of cold work, heat treatment and thermal cycling on the R phase (R) transformation in three alloys was also thermally analyzed. Results showed that such transformation depends on composition as well as CW and HT conditions in a complex manner. Effort was made to identify the microstructure and the factors responsible for the observed behavior in the R phase transformation.
