The standards of plant toxins were separated by a C18 column with gradient elution with 0.1% formic acid/water (V/V) and 0.1% formic acid/acetonitrile (V/V) as mobile phase and acquired by ion mobility-quadrupole time...The standards of plant toxins were separated by a C18 column with gradient elution with 0.1% formic acid/water (V/V) and 0.1% formic acid/acetonitrile (V/V) as mobile phase and acquired by ion mobility-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (IM-QTOF MS) in positive ion mode. A database of 308 plant toxins including retention time, collision cross-section (CCS) and its fragment ions was established. Honey dissolved in water or herbal beverage was extracted by acetonitrile and purified with PSA sorbent, and then acquired by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography IM-QTOFMS. The acquired data were processed by comparing with the database we established to confirm the target compounds. The average recoveries for samples at two levels ranged from 60.6% - 120.1%, with relative standard deviation (n = 6) less than 25%. The limit of quantitation for plant toxins ranged from 1 - 20 μg/kg. The developed screening method was used in determination of honey, herbal beverage and honey flavored tea beverage samples. The results showed that berberine was detected in one honey with 1 μg/kg and caffeine was present in some beverages with the concentration from 200 and 5500 μg/kg. This method could meet the requirement for rapid screening of plant toxins in honey and herbal beverage. It can be used for the quality control of honey and herbal beverage in enterprises or quality inspection departments. It also can be used in the rapid screening of food poisoning.展开更多
为提高GPS接收机在低信噪比环境中的捕获精度和灵敏度,提出了一种新的弱信号精捕获算法。该算法采用差分相干积分缓解平方损耗,并利用积分结果的相位信息修正载波频率,使其估计精度不再受到频移搜索步长的限制。此外,该算法根据载波多...为提高GPS接收机在低信噪比环境中的捕获精度和灵敏度,提出了一种新的弱信号精捕获算法。该算法采用差分相干积分缓解平方损耗,并利用积分结果的相位信息修正载波频率,使其估计精度不再受到频移搜索步长的限制。此外,该算法根据载波多普勒和码多普勒的比例关系,直接对本地码相位进行校正,保证了信号积累时间较长时不同相关峰之间的重叠性,有助于提高捕获灵敏度并能够得到接收信号末端精确的码相位。仿真结果表明,载波频率和码相位的估计误差分别小于20 Hz和1个采样点,在给定的信号积累时间下,本地码相位校正对捕获灵敏度的提升可达3.2 d B。展开更多
文摘The standards of plant toxins were separated by a C18 column with gradient elution with 0.1% formic acid/water (V/V) and 0.1% formic acid/acetonitrile (V/V) as mobile phase and acquired by ion mobility-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (IM-QTOF MS) in positive ion mode. A database of 308 plant toxins including retention time, collision cross-section (CCS) and its fragment ions was established. Honey dissolved in water or herbal beverage was extracted by acetonitrile and purified with PSA sorbent, and then acquired by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography IM-QTOFMS. The acquired data were processed by comparing with the database we established to confirm the target compounds. The average recoveries for samples at two levels ranged from 60.6% - 120.1%, with relative standard deviation (n = 6) less than 25%. The limit of quantitation for plant toxins ranged from 1 - 20 μg/kg. The developed screening method was used in determination of honey, herbal beverage and honey flavored tea beverage samples. The results showed that berberine was detected in one honey with 1 μg/kg and caffeine was present in some beverages with the concentration from 200 and 5500 μg/kg. This method could meet the requirement for rapid screening of plant toxins in honey and herbal beverage. It can be used for the quality control of honey and herbal beverage in enterprises or quality inspection departments. It also can be used in the rapid screening of food poisoning.
文摘为提高GPS接收机在低信噪比环境中的捕获精度和灵敏度,提出了一种新的弱信号精捕获算法。该算法采用差分相干积分缓解平方损耗,并利用积分结果的相位信息修正载波频率,使其估计精度不再受到频移搜索步长的限制。此外,该算法根据载波多普勒和码多普勒的比例关系,直接对本地码相位进行校正,保证了信号积累时间较长时不同相关峰之间的重叠性,有助于提高捕获灵敏度并能够得到接收信号末端精确的码相位。仿真结果表明,载波频率和码相位的估计误差分别小于20 Hz和1个采样点,在给定的信号积累时间下,本地码相位校正对捕获灵敏度的提升可达3.2 d B。
