In Italy, Law no. 189/2004 (enforced by law n. 201/2010) on safeguarding animal welfare establishes penalties for anyone keeping animals in conditions that are incompatible with their physiological or ethological need...In Italy, Law no. 189/2004 (enforced by law n. 201/2010) on safeguarding animal welfare establishes penalties for anyone keeping animals in conditions that are incompatible with their physiological or ethological needs. Thus, in order to recognize the condition of poor welfare or mistreatment, the training of a veterinarian needs to adopt a new approach to animal well being —that is somewhat different from the health ideas that have been prevalent so far. In this research we carry out an evaluation of the competence of veterinary students after a theoric 20-hour course in ethology and after three weeks of practical horses handling class. For two years 24 students were selected to took part in a program of horse management, in order to reach a high level of practical competence, from the ability to recognize non-verbal signals from horses, to cleaning and grooming, and to a more specific and refined ability—the establishment of a relationship with horse. While the skill level at the beginning was generally low, being the students’ backgrounds mainly urban, at the end of the practical course nearly 90% of them succeeded in the area of horse-human relationship, reaching evaluations in a range of good-excellent scores (p < 0.01). By combining over the years the applied ethology knowledge with the more profession-oriented health-related subjects, veterinary education will give students the resources that can better assist them in facing the challenges they will meet in their working lives. The fact that too many unlawful horses’ estab-lishments are often found all over the countries point indeed to a need for new experienced, well-trained professional people.展开更多
Aims To analyse whether heart rate may affect the efficacy of adenosine , verap amil and carotid sinus massage in terminating symptomatic episodes of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) in adults. Methods a...Aims To analyse whether heart rate may affect the efficacy of adenosine , verap amil and carotid sinus massage in terminating symptomatic episodes of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) in adults. Methods and results The study po pulation was selected among 175 adult patients, affected by symptomatic PSVT. On e hundred and six of them were considered eligible for the study. Each subject r eceived one of the following treatments: verapamil, 5 mg intravenously (IV) in 5 -10 min, followed by 1-5 μg/kg/min; adenosine, 6 mg IV, followed by 12 mg IV after 2-3 min; carotid sinus massage. Adenosine and verapamil were similarly ef fective in terminating PSVT (74.4%vs 81.8%, P=0.45). The efficacy of carotid s inus massage was significantly lower in comparison with the other two groups (32 .4%, P=0.00032 vs adenosine and P=0.000044 vs verapamil group). At logistic reg ression, PSVT rate showed a positive association with the percentage of sinus rh ythm restoration in the group who received adenosine (P=0.0004). The probability of success in resolving the tachycardia following treatment with adenosine was >75%for heart rates over 166 beats per minute (bpm), but rapidly decreased at l ower frequencies, reducing to 25%at 138 bpm. In the verapamil group, PSVT rate was negatively related to the percentage of sinus rhythm restoration (P=0.018). The probability of success in terminating PSVT following administration of verap amil was >75%for heart rates lower than 186 bpm, but tended to decrease at fast er rates, reducing to 25%at 241 bpm. No significant effects of heart rate were observed in the carotid sinus massage group (P=0.17). The probability curves obt ained in the adenosine and verapamil group crossed at a point corresponding to 1 73 bpm, which may represent a cut-off value to predict which treatment could en sure higher rate of success. Conclusions Heart rate predicts restoration of sinu s rhythm in adult subjects with symptomatic episodes of PSVT treated with adenos ine and verapamil. Adenosine is highly eff展开更多
文摘In Italy, Law no. 189/2004 (enforced by law n. 201/2010) on safeguarding animal welfare establishes penalties for anyone keeping animals in conditions that are incompatible with their physiological or ethological needs. Thus, in order to recognize the condition of poor welfare or mistreatment, the training of a veterinarian needs to adopt a new approach to animal well being —that is somewhat different from the health ideas that have been prevalent so far. In this research we carry out an evaluation of the competence of veterinary students after a theoric 20-hour course in ethology and after three weeks of practical horses handling class. For two years 24 students were selected to took part in a program of horse management, in order to reach a high level of practical competence, from the ability to recognize non-verbal signals from horses, to cleaning and grooming, and to a more specific and refined ability—the establishment of a relationship with horse. While the skill level at the beginning was generally low, being the students’ backgrounds mainly urban, at the end of the practical course nearly 90% of them succeeded in the area of horse-human relationship, reaching evaluations in a range of good-excellent scores (p < 0.01). By combining over the years the applied ethology knowledge with the more profession-oriented health-related subjects, veterinary education will give students the resources that can better assist them in facing the challenges they will meet in their working lives. The fact that too many unlawful horses’ estab-lishments are often found all over the countries point indeed to a need for new experienced, well-trained professional people.
文摘Aims To analyse whether heart rate may affect the efficacy of adenosine , verap amil and carotid sinus massage in terminating symptomatic episodes of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) in adults. Methods and results The study po pulation was selected among 175 adult patients, affected by symptomatic PSVT. On e hundred and six of them were considered eligible for the study. Each subject r eceived one of the following treatments: verapamil, 5 mg intravenously (IV) in 5 -10 min, followed by 1-5 μg/kg/min; adenosine, 6 mg IV, followed by 12 mg IV after 2-3 min; carotid sinus massage. Adenosine and verapamil were similarly ef fective in terminating PSVT (74.4%vs 81.8%, P=0.45). The efficacy of carotid s inus massage was significantly lower in comparison with the other two groups (32 .4%, P=0.00032 vs adenosine and P=0.000044 vs verapamil group). At logistic reg ression, PSVT rate showed a positive association with the percentage of sinus rh ythm restoration in the group who received adenosine (P=0.0004). The probability of success in resolving the tachycardia following treatment with adenosine was >75%for heart rates over 166 beats per minute (bpm), but rapidly decreased at l ower frequencies, reducing to 25%at 138 bpm. In the verapamil group, PSVT rate was negatively related to the percentage of sinus rhythm restoration (P=0.018). The probability of success in terminating PSVT following administration of verap amil was >75%for heart rates lower than 186 bpm, but tended to decrease at fast er rates, reducing to 25%at 241 bpm. No significant effects of heart rate were observed in the carotid sinus massage group (P=0.17). The probability curves obt ained in the adenosine and verapamil group crossed at a point corresponding to 1 73 bpm, which may represent a cut-off value to predict which treatment could en sure higher rate of success. Conclusions Heart rate predicts restoration of sinu s rhythm in adult subjects with symptomatic episodes of PSVT treated with adenos ine and verapamil. Adenosine is highly eff
