Hepatectomy is currently routinely performed in most hospitals in China. China owns the largest population of liver diseases and the biggest number of liver resection cases. A nationwide multicenter retrospective inve...Hepatectomy is currently routinely performed in most hospitals in China. China owns the largest population of liver diseases and the biggest number of liver resection cases. A nationwide multicenter retrospective investigation involving 112 hospitals was performed, and focused on liver resection for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). 42,573 cases of hepatectomy were enrolled, and 18,275 valid cases of liver resection for HCC patients were selected for statistical analysis. The epidemiology of HCC, distribution of hepatectomy, postoperative complications and prognosis were finally analyzed. In the 18,275 HCC patients,81% had hepatitis B virus infection and 10% had hepatitis C virus infection. 38% of the HCC patients had normal Alphafetoprotein(AFP) level, and other 35% had an AFP level lower than 400 ng mL^(-1). In the study period, 97% of the hepatectomy for HCC were treated with open surgery, and 23.81% had vascular exclusion techniques. The operation time was(191.7±105.6) min,the blood loss was(546.0±562.8) m L, and blood transfusion was(543.0±1,035.2) m L. The median survival for HCC patients was 631 days, with 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival of 73.2%, 28.8% and 19.6%, respectively. Liver cirrhosis, multiple nodules,tumor thrombosis and high AFP level were risk factors that affect postoperative survival.展开更多
Dear Editor, Common wheat （Triticum aestivum, 2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD） is one of the most widely cultivated cereal crops, providing -20% of the calories consumed by humans （Fu et al., 2009）. However, wheat production...Dear Editor, Common wheat （Triticum aestivum, 2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD） is one of the most widely cultivated cereal crops, providing -20% of the calories consumed by humans （Fu et al., 2009）. However, wheat production is constantly challenged by powdery mildew disease, which occurs globally and is caused by the biotrophic fungal pathogen Blumena graminis f. sp. tritici （Bgt）. Utilization of powdery mildew resistance （Pm） genes is the most effective and economical way to control powdery mildew disease.展开更多
Haynaldia villosa possesses a lot of important agronomic traits and has been a powerful gene resource for wheat improvement. However, only several wheat-H, villosa translocation lines have been reported so far. In thi...Haynaldia villosa possesses a lot of important agronomic traits and has been a powerful gene resource for wheat improvement. However, only several wheat-H, villosa translocation lines have been reported so far. In this study, we attempted to develop an efficient method for inducing wheat-H, villosa chromosomal translocations. Triticum durum- Haynaldia villosa amphiploid pollen treated with 1 200 rad ^60Co-y-rays was pollinated to Triticum aestivum cv. ＇Chinese Spring＇. Ninety-eight intergeneric translocated chromosomes between T. durum and H. villosa were detected by genomic in situ hybridization in 44 of 61 M1 plants, indicating a translocation occurrence frequency of 72.1%; much higher than ever reported. There were 26, 62 and 10 translocated chromosomes involving whole arm translocations, terminal translocations, and intercarlary translocations, respectively. Of the total 108 breakage-fusion events, 79 involved interstitial regions and 29 involved centric regions. The ratio of small segment terminal translocations （W.W-V） was much higher than that of large segment terminal translocations （W-V.V）. All of the M1 plants were self-sterile, and their backcross progeny was all obtained with ＇Chinese Spring＇ as pollen donors. Transmission analysis showed that most of the translocations were transmittable. This study provides a new strategy for rapid mass production of wheat-alien chromosomal translocations, especially terminal translocations that will be more significant for wheat improvement.展开更多
Increasingly natural disasters and man-made malicious attacks threaten the power systems.Improving the resilience has become an inevitable requirement for the development of power systems.The importance assessment of ...Increasingly natural disasters and man-made malicious attacks threaten the power systems.Improving the resilience has become an inevitable requirement for the development of power systems.The importance assessment of components is of significance for resilience improvement,since it plays a crucial role in strengthening grid structure,designing restoration strategy,and improving resource allocation efficiency for disaster prevention and mitigation.This paper proposes a component importance assessment approach of power systems for improving resilience under wind storms.Firstly,the component failure rate model under wind storms is established.According to the model,system states under wind storms can be sampled by the non-sequential Monte Carlo simulation method.For each system state,an optimal restoration model is then figured out by solving a component repair sequence optimization model considering crew dispatching.The distribution functions of component repair moment can be obtained after a sufficient system state sampling.And Copeland ranking method is adopted to rank the component importance.Finally,the feasibility of the proposed approach is validated by extensive case studies.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the efficacy and safety of adjuvant sorafenib after curative resection for patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer(BCLC)-stage C hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS: Thirty-four HCC patients,...AIM: To investigate the efficacy and safety of adjuvant sorafenib after curative resection for patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer(BCLC)-stage C hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS: Thirty-four HCC patients, classified as BCLC-stage C, received adjuvant sorafenib for highrisk of tumor recurrence after curative hepatectomy at a tertiary care university hospital. The study group was compared with a case-matched control group of 68 patients who received curative hepatectomy for HCC during the study period in a 1:2 ratio.RESULTS: The tumor recurrence rate was markedly lower in the sorafenib group(15/34, 44.1%) than in the control group(51/68, 75%, P = 0.002). The median disease-free survival was 12 mo in the study group and 10 mo in the control group. Tumor number more than 3, macrovascular invasion, hilar lymph nodes metastasis, and treatment with sorafenib were significant factors of disease-free survival by univariate analysis. Tumor number more than 3 and treatment with sorafenib were significant risk factors of diseasefree survival by multivariate analysis in the Cox proportional hazards model. The disease-free survival and cumulative overall survival in the study group were significantly better than in the control group(P = 0.034 and 0.016, respectively). CONCLUSION: Our study verifies the potential benefit and safety of adjuvant sorafenib for both decreasing HCC recurrence and extending disease-free and overall survival rates for patients with BCLC-stage C HCC after curative resection.展开更多
This position paper is the outcome of a brainstorming workshop organised by the International Society for Digital Earth(ISDE)in Beijing in March 2011.It argues that the vision of Digital Earth(DE)put forward by Vice-P...This position paper is the outcome of a brainstorming workshop organised by the International Society for Digital Earth(ISDE)in Beijing in March 2011.It argues that the vision of Digital Earth(DE)put forward by Vice-President Al Gore 13 years ago needs to be re-evaluated in the light of the many developments in the fields of information technology,data infrastructures and earth observation that have taken place since.The paper identifies the main policy,scientific and societal drivers for the development of DE and illustrates the multi-faceted nature of a new vision of DE grounding it with a few examples of potential applications.Because no single organisation can on its own develop all the aspects of DE,it is essential to develop a series of collaborations at the global level to turn the vision outlined in this paper into reality.展开更多
Dietary fiber(DF),divided into soluble dietary fiber(SDF)and insoluble dietary fiber(IDF),has attracted increasing attention in the field of pig nutrition.Although DF reduces nutrient digestibility and inhibits energy...Dietary fiber(DF),divided into soluble dietary fiber(SDF)and insoluble dietary fiber(IDF),has attracted increasing attention in the field of pig nutrition.Although DF reduces nutrient digestibility and inhibits energy deposition in most cases,fiber-rich feeds have been widely used in pig diets.This is not only because of lower feed costs,but also from the continuous discovery about the nutritional value of DF,mainly including the improvement of piglet intestinal health and sow reproductive performance.The addition timing has also been further considered,which potentially enables the nutritional value of DF to be accurately used in applicable pig models.Furthermore,fiber degrading enzymes have been shown to alleviate the anti-nutritional effects of DF and have ensured the improvement effect of fiber on intestinal health in young piglet models.However,the regulatory effect of fiber on pork quality is still unclear,which requires consideration of the wide range of fiber sources and the complexity of the basic diet composition,as well as the impact of pig breeds.Taken together,future research needs to gain more insight into the combined effects of SDF and IDF,processing methods,and addition timing to improve the nutritional value of DF,and further explore the physiological functions and regulatory mechanisms of DF fermentation products short-chain fatty acids in pigs.展开更多
Background： To investigate the effects of dietary crude protein（CP） restriction on muscle fiber characteristics and key regulators related to protein deposition in skeletal muscle, a total of 18 growing-finishing p...Background： To investigate the effects of dietary crude protein（CP） restriction on muscle fiber characteristics and key regulators related to protein deposition in skeletal muscle, a total of 18 growing-finishing pigs（62.30 ± 0.88 kg）were allotted to 3 groups and fed with the recommended adequate protein（AP, 16 % CP） diet, moderately restricted protein（MP, 13 % CP） diet and low protein（LP, 10 % CP） diet, respectively. The skeletal muscle of different locations in pigs, including longissimus dorsi muscle（LDM）, psoas major muscle（PMM） and biceps femoris muscle（BFM） were collected and analyzed.Results： Results showed that growing-finishing pigs fed the MP or AP diet improved（P 〈 0.01） the average daily gain and feed： gain ratio compared with those fed the LP diet, and the MP diet tended to increase（P = 0.09） the weight of LDM. Moreover, the ATP content and energy charge value were varied among muscle samples from different locations of pigs fed the reduced protein diets. We also observed that pigs fed the MP diet up-regulated（P 〈 0.05） muscular m RNA expression of all the selected key genes, except that myosin heavy chain（My HC） IIb,My HC IIx, while m RNA expression of ubiquitin ligases genes was not affected by dietary CP level. Additionally, the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1（m TORC1） pathway was stimulated（P 〈 0.05） in skeletal muscle of the pigs fed the MP or AP diet compared with those fed the LP diet.Conclusion： The results suggest that the pigs fed the MP diet could catch up to the growth performance and the LDM weight of the pigs fed the AP diet, and the underlying mechanism may be partly due to the alteration in energy status, modulation of muscle fiber characteristics and m TORC1 activation as well as its downstream effectors in skeletal muscle of different locations in growing-finishing pigs.展开更多
As a new computing mode,cloud computing can provide users with virtualized and scalable web services,which faced with serious security challenges,however.Access control is one of the most important measures to ensure ...As a new computing mode,cloud computing can provide users with virtualized and scalable web services,which faced with serious security challenges,however.Access control is one of the most important measures to ensure the security of cloud computing.But applying traditional access control model into the Cloud directly could not solve the uncertainty and vulnerability caused by the open conditions of cloud computing.In cloud computing environment,only when the security and reliability of both interaction parties are ensured,data security can be effectively guaranteed during interactions between users and the Cloud.Therefore,building a mutual trust relationship between users and cloud platform is the key to implement new kinds of access control method in cloud computing environment.Combining with Trust Management(TM),a mutual trust based access control(MTBAC) model is proposed in this paper.MTBAC model take both user's behavior trust and cloud services node's credibility into consideration.Trust relationships between users and cloud service nodes are established by mutual trust mechanism.Security problems of access control are solved by implementing MTBAC model into cloud computing environment.Simulation experiments show that MTBAC model can guarantee the interaction between users and cloud service nodes.展开更多
In this paper, the buoyancy, kinetic properties and stability of air floated structures have been studied by theoretical and experimental methods. The equations for calculation of the buoyancy of the air floated buoy ...In this paper, the buoyancy, kinetic properties and stability of air floated structures have been studied by theoretical and experimental methods. The equations for calculation of the buoyancy of the air floated buoy are derived according to the Boyler law and the equilibrium equations of the air floated structure are established. Through simplification of the air floated structure as a single freedom rigid body and spring system, the natural period of heaving and some kinetic properties are discussed. In the stability analysis, the formulas for calculation of the meta centric height are presented. The theoretical results are in good agreement with the data observed from the model test and prototype test. The air buoyancy decrease coefficient presented in this paper has a large influence on the floating state, stability and dynamic properties of the air floated structure. The stability of the air floated structure can also be judged by the parameter of meta centric height, and calculations show that the air floated structure is less stable than the conventional float.展开更多
Sensing the spectrum in a reliable and efficient manner is crucial to cognitive radio. To combat the channel fading suffered by the single radio, cooperative spectrum sensing is employed, to associate the detection of...Sensing the spectrum in a reliable and efficient manner is crucial to cognitive radio. To combat the channel fading suffered by the single radio, cooperative spectrum sensing is employed, to associate the detection of multiple radios. In this article, the optimization problem of detection efficiency under the constraint of detection probability is investigated, and an algorithm to evaluate the required radio number and sensing time for maximal detection efficiency is presented. To show the effect of cooperation on the detection efficiency, the proposed algorithm is applied to cooperative sensing using the spectral correlation detector under the Rayleigh flat fading channel.展开更多
Background: Precut sphincterotomy has been widely performed to facilitate selective biliary access when standard cannulation attempts failed during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP). However, scarce...Background: Precut sphincterotomy has been widely performed to facilitate selective biliary access when standard cannulation attempts failed during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP). However, scarce data are available on different precut techniques for difficult biliary cannulation. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of transpancreatic septotomy(TPS), needle-knife fistulotomy(NKF) or both based on the presence of unintentional pancreatic access and papillary morphology. Methods: Between March 2008 and December 2016, 157 consecutive patients undergoing precutting for an inaccessible bile duct during ERCP were identified. Precut techniques were chosen depending on repetitive inadvertent pancreatic cannulation and the papillary morphology. We retrospectively assessed the rates of cannulation success and procedure-related complications among three groups, namely TPS, NKF, and TPS followed by NKF. Results: The baseline characteristics of the three groups were comparable. The overall success rate of biliary cannulation reached 98.1%, including 111 of 113(98.2%) with TPS, 35 of 36(97.2%) with NKF and 8 of 8(100%) with NKF following TPS, without significant difference among groups. The incidences of total complications and post-ERCP pancreatitis were 9.6% and 7.6%, respectively. There was a trend towards less frequent post-ERCP pancreatitis after NKF(0%) compared with 11 cases(9.7%) after TPS and one case(12.5%) after NKF following TPS, but not significantly different( P = 0.07). No severe adverse event occurred during this study period. Conclusions: The choice of precut techniques by the presence of unintended pancreatic access and the papillary morphology brought about a high success rate without increasing risk in difficult biliary cannulation.展开更多
Objective To investigate whether Lingbao Huxin Pill(LBHX)protects against acute myocardial infarction(AMI)at the infarct border zone(IBZ)of myocardial tissue by regulating apoptosis and inflammation through the sirtui...Objective To investigate whether Lingbao Huxin Pill(LBHX)protects against acute myocardial infarction(AMI)at the infarct border zone(IBZ)of myocardial tissue by regulating apoptosis and inflammation through the sirtuin 1(SIRT1)-mediated forkhead box protein O1(FOXO1)and nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)signaling pathways.Methods Six-week-old Wistar rats with normal diet were randomized into the sham,the model,Betaloc(0.9 mg/kg daily),LBHX-L(0.45 mg/kg daily),LBHX-M(0.9 mg/kg daily),LBHX-H(1.8 mg/kg daily),and LBHX+EX527(0.9 mg/kg daily)groups according to the method of random number table,13 in each group.In this study,left anterior descending coronary artery(LADCA)ligation was performed to induce an AMI model in rats.The myocardial infarction area was examined using a 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride solution staining assay.A TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL)assay was conducted to assess cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the IBZ.The histopathology of myocardial tissue at the IBZ was assessed with Heidenhain,Masson and hematoxylineosin(HE)staining assays.The expression levels of tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-6,IL-1β,and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISAs).The mRNA expressions of SIRT1 and FOXO1 were detected by real-time qPCR(RT-qPCR).The protein expressions of SIRT1,FOXO1,SOD2,BAX and NF-κB p65 were detected by Western blot analysis.Results The ligation of the LADCA successfully induced an AMI model.The LBHX pretreatment reduced the infarct size in the AMI rats(P<0.01).The TUNEL assay revealed that LBHX inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis at the IBZ.Further,the histological examination showed that the LBHX pretreatment decreased the ischemic area of myocardial tissue(P<0.05),myocardial interstitial collagen deposition(P<0.05)and inflammation at the IBZ.The ELISA results indicated that LBHX decreased the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines in the AMI rats(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Furthermore,Western blot analysis revealed that the LBHX pretr展开更多
Plant trichomes serve as a highly suitable model for investigating cell differentiation at the single-cell level. The regulatory genes involved in unicellular trichome develop- ment in Arabidopsis thaliana have been i...Plant trichomes serve as a highly suitable model for investigating cell differentiation at the single-cell level. The regulatory genes involved in unicellular trichome develop- ment in Arabidopsis thaliana have been intensively studied, but genes regulating multicellular trichome development in plants remain unclear. Here, we characterized Cucumis sativus （cucumber） trichomes as representative multicellular and unbranched structures, and identified Micro-trichome （Mict）, using map-based cloning in an F2 segregating population of 7,936 individuals generated from a spontaneous mict mutant. In mitt plants, trichomes in both leaves and fruits, are small, poorly developed, and denser than in the wild type. Sequence analysis revealed that a 2,649-bp genomic deletion, spanning the first and second exons, occurred in a plant-specific class I homeodomain-leucine zipper gene. Tissue-specific expression analysis indicated that Mict is strongly expressed in the trichome cells. Transcriptome profiling identified potential targets of Mict including putative homologs of genes known in other systems to regulate trichome development, meristem determinacy, and hormone responsiveness. Phylo- genic analysis charted the relationships among putative homologs in angiosperms. Our paper represents initial steps toward understanding the development of multicellular trichomes.展开更多
Background： The intestinal epithelium is an important barrier that depends on a complex mixture of proteins and these proteins comprise different intercellular junctions. The purpose of this study was to investigate ...Background： The intestinal epithelium is an important barrier that depends on a complex mixture of proteins and these proteins comprise different intercellular junctions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the postnatal and developmental changes in morphology, intercellular junctions and voltage-gated potassium（Kv） channels in the intestine of piglets during the suckling and post-weaning periods.Results： Samples of the small intestine were obtained from 1-, 7-, 14-, and 21-d-old suckling piglets and piglets on d 1, 3, 5, and 7 after weaning at 14 d of age. The results showed that the percentage of proliferating cell nuclear antigen（PCNA）-positive cells and alkaline phosphatase（AKP） activity, as well as the abundances of E-cadherin,occludin, and Kv1.5 m RNA and claudin-1, claudin-3, and occludin protein in the jejunum were increased from d 1to d 21 during the suckling period（P 〈 0.05）. Weaning induced decreases in the percentage of PCNA-positive cells,AKP activity and the abundances of E-cadherin, occludin and zonula occludens（ZO）-1 m RNA or protein in the jejunum on d 1, 3 and 5 post-weaning（P 〈 0.05）. There were lower abundances of E-cadherin, occludin and ZO-1m RNA as well as claudin-1, claudin-3 and ZO-1 protein in the jejunum of weanling piglets than in 21-d-old suckling piglets（P 〈 0.05）. The abundances of E-cadherin, occludin, ZO-1 and integrin m RNA were positively related to the percentage of PCNA-positive cells.Conclusion： Weaning at 14 d of age induced damage to the intestinal morphology and barrier. While there was an adaptive restoration on d 7 post-weaning, the measured values did not return to the pre-weaning levels, which reflected the impairment of intercellular junctions and Kv channels.展开更多
The world is witnessing increasing frequency of extreme events. The power system is the backbone critical infrastructure of our economy and is under treat of such events. The resilient power system is intended to cope...The world is witnessing increasing frequency of extreme events. The power system is the backbone critical infrastructure of our economy and is under treat of such events. The resilient power system is intended to cope with low probability, high risk extreme events including extreme natural disasters and man-made attacks. Realizing resilience in the power system has been an unprecedented mission. Equipped with today’s smart grid technologies, power system can be rendered more resilient by the strategies taken before, during and after a disruptive event erupts. Based on a thorough review of existing works, we present the most-investigated problems and solving measures according to their application stage. In the preparation stage, innovative planning frameworks considering disaster scenarios are discussed; after the event, the system can alter the topology and integrate resource allocation to alleviate load shedding. The characteristics of different disasters are investigated to facilitate enhancing resilience. The review provides a summary of resilience strategies in the power system and can shed light to future research and application.展开更多
With the widespread ban on the use of antibiotics in swine feed, alternative measures need to be sought to maintain swine health and performance, Antimicrobial peptides （AMPs） are part of the nonspecific defense sys...With the widespread ban on the use of antibiotics in swine feed, alternative measures need to be sought to maintain swine health and performance, Antimicrobial peptides （AMPs） are part of the nonspecific defense system and are natural antibiotics produced by plants, insects, mammalians, and micro-organisms as well as by chemical synthesis. Due to their broad microbicidal activity against various fungi, bacteria and enveloped viruses AMPs are a potential alternative to conventional antibiotics for use in swine production. This review focuses on the structure and mechanism of action of AMPs, as well as their effects on performance, immune function and intestinal health in pigs. The aim is to provide support for the application of AMPs as feed additives replacing antibiotics in swine nutrition.展开更多
Grafting is a widely used practice in fruit-bearing vegetables. However, why grafting affects plant growth, fruit yield, and quality, especially from the aspect of mineral nutrition, remains unclear. In this study, wa...Grafting is a widely used practice in fruit-bearing vegetables. However, why grafting affects plant growth, fruit yield, and quality, especially from the aspect of mineral nutrition, remains unclear. In this study, watermelon cultivar ‘Zaojia 8424' was grafted onto bottle gourd ‘Jingxinzhen1'(Lagenaria siceraria) and pumpkin ‘Qingyanzhen 1'(Cucurbita maxima × C. moschata). Non-grafted plants were used as the control. Results show that rootstock grafting significantly increases plant growth and single fruit weight of watermelon. Watermelon grafted onto rootstocks, especially pumpkin, exhibits significantly higher root volume, root surface area, and number of root tips and forks in comparison with non-grafted plants. Fruit flesh, rind firmness, and rind thickness were enhanced by grafting. However, fruit soluble solids and taste significantly decreased in plants grafted onto pumpkin. The total uptake(mg · plant^(-1)) and concentration(mg · g^(-1)DW) of N, K, Ca, Fe, Mg, and Mn in root, stem, leaf,fruit rind, and flesh were generally higher in grafted plants compared to non-grafted ones, especially for N of pumpkin rootstock-grafted plants.The total uptake of nutrients of plants grafted onto bottle gourd and pumpkin was increased by 30.41% and 49.14% at fruit development stage and by 21.33% and 47.46% at fruit maturation stage, respectively, compared with non-grafted plants. We concluded that watermelon grafting onto suitable rootstocks can increase the uptake of mineral nutrition, especially for N in the pumpkin rootstock grafted plants, thereby affecting plant growth, fruit yield, and quality.展开更多
The natural gas system and electricity system are coupled tightly by gas turbines in an integrated energy system. The uncertainties of one system will not only threaten its own safe operation but also be likely to hav...The natural gas system and electricity system are coupled tightly by gas turbines in an integrated energy system. The uncertainties of one system will not only threaten its own safe operation but also be likely to have a significant impact on the other. Therefore, it is necessary to study the variation of state variables when random fluctuations emerge in the coupled system. In this paper, a multislack-bus model is proposed to calculate the power and gas flow in the coupled system. A unified probabilistic power and gas flow calculation, in which the cumulant method and Gram–Charlier expansion are applied, is first presented to obtain the distribution of state variables after considering the effects of uncertain factors. When the variation range of random factors is too large, a new method of piecewise linearization is put forward to achieve a better fitting precision of probability distribution. Compared to the Monte Carlo method, the proposed method can reduce computation time greatly while reaching a satisfactory accuracy.The validity of the proposed methods is verified in a coupled system that consists of a 15-node natural gas system and the IEEE case24 power system.展开更多
The temperature drop of plants from the optimal requirements can increase tolerance to severe chilling stress. Photosynthesis and osmoregulators were analyzed during chilling stress to explore the adaptation mechanism...The temperature drop of plants from the optimal requirements can increase tolerance to severe chilling stress. Photosynthesis and osmoregulators were analyzed during chilling stress to explore the adaptation mechanisms that underlie the induction of chilling tolerance in response to suboptimal temperature. The relationships of these processes to suboptimal temperature acclimation in watermelon were then determined.Suboptimal temperature-acclimated watermelon plants demonstrated tolerance during chilling stress, as indicated by the decreased electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde accumulation compared with those non-acclimated watermelon plants. Chilling-induced photoinhibition and reduction in CO2 assimilation rate were alleviated after suboptimal temperature acclimation. The xanthophyll cycle level was enhanced by improving thermal dissipation ability and avoiding light damage. Consequently, the chilling tolerance of suboptimal temperature-acclimated watermelon plants was enhanced. The osmoregulation ability induced by suboptimal temperature acclimation protected watermelon plants against chilling injury because of the accumulation of small molecular substances, such as soluble sugar and proline. The protein levels of Rubisco activase(ClRCA) and the gene expression of the Benson–Calvin cycle simultaneously increased in suboptimal temperature-acclimated watermelon plants during chilling stress. Chilling tolerance in watermelon plants induced by suboptimal temperature acclimation is associated with enhanced photosynthetic adaptability and osmoregulation ability.展开更多
基金supported by the State Key Project on Inflectional Disease of China(2012ZX10002016-004,2012ZX 10002010-001-004)the Chinese Ministry of Public Health for Key Clinical Projects(439,2010)to Prof.Xiaoping Chenthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(81502524)to Dr.Binhao Zhang
文摘Hepatectomy is currently routinely performed in most hospitals in China. China owns the largest population of liver diseases and the biggest number of liver resection cases. A nationwide multicenter retrospective investigation involving 112 hospitals was performed, and focused on liver resection for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). 42,573 cases of hepatectomy were enrolled, and 18,275 valid cases of liver resection for HCC patients were selected for statistical analysis. The epidemiology of HCC, distribution of hepatectomy, postoperative complications and prognosis were finally analyzed. In the 18,275 HCC patients,81% had hepatitis B virus infection and 10% had hepatitis C virus infection. 38% of the HCC patients had normal Alphafetoprotein(AFP) level, and other 35% had an AFP level lower than 400 ng mL^(-1). In the study period, 97% of the hepatectomy for HCC were treated with open surgery, and 23.81% had vascular exclusion techniques. The operation time was(191.7±105.6) min,the blood loss was(546.0±562.8) m L, and blood transfusion was(543.0±1,035.2) m L. The median survival for HCC patients was 631 days, with 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival of 73.2%, 28.8% and 19.6%, respectively. Liver cirrhosis, multiple nodules,tumor thrombosis and high AFP level were risk factors that affect postoperative survival.
基金This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （31471497）, the Innovation Foundation of Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences （ZX（17）2011）, the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province （BK20130503 and BK20151319）, and the Foundation of Jiangsu University （13JDG103）.
文摘Dear Editor, Common wheat （Triticum aestivum, 2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD） is one of the most widely cultivated cereal crops, providing -20% of the calories consumed by humans （Fu et al., 2009）. However, wheat production is constantly challenged by powdery mildew disease, which occurs globally and is caused by the biotrophic fungal pathogen Blumena graminis f. sp. tritici （Bgt）. Utilization of powdery mildew resistance （Pm） genes is the most effective and economical way to control powdery mildew disease.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30270827)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research in Universities(10418).
文摘Haynaldia villosa possesses a lot of important agronomic traits and has been a powerful gene resource for wheat improvement. However, only several wheat-H, villosa translocation lines have been reported so far. In this study, we attempted to develop an efficient method for inducing wheat-H, villosa chromosomal translocations. Triticum durum- Haynaldia villosa amphiploid pollen treated with 1 200 rad ^60Co-y-rays was pollinated to Triticum aestivum cv. ＇Chinese Spring＇. Ninety-eight intergeneric translocated chromosomes between T. durum and H. villosa were detected by genomic in situ hybridization in 44 of 61 M1 plants, indicating a translocation occurrence frequency of 72.1%; much higher than ever reported. There were 26, 62 and 10 translocated chromosomes involving whole arm translocations, terminal translocations, and intercarlary translocations, respectively. Of the total 108 breakage-fusion events, 79 involved interstitial regions and 29 involved centric regions. The ratio of small segment terminal translocations （W.W-V） was much higher than that of large segment terminal translocations （W-V.V）. All of the M1 plants were self-sterile, and their backcross progeny was all obtained with ＇Chinese Spring＇ as pollen donors. Transmission analysis showed that most of the translocations were transmittable. This study provides a new strategy for rapid mass production of wheat-alien chromosomal translocations, especially terminal translocations that will be more significant for wheat improvement.
基金supported by Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China(No.5202011600UG).
文摘Increasingly natural disasters and man-made malicious attacks threaten the power systems.Improving the resilience has become an inevitable requirement for the development of power systems.The importance assessment of components is of significance for resilience improvement,since it plays a crucial role in strengthening grid structure,designing restoration strategy,and improving resource allocation efficiency for disaster prevention and mitigation.This paper proposes a component importance assessment approach of power systems for improving resilience under wind storms.Firstly,the component failure rate model under wind storms is established.According to the model,system states under wind storms can be sampled by the non-sequential Monte Carlo simulation method.For each system state,an optimal restoration model is then figured out by solving a component repair sequence optimization model considering crew dispatching.The distribution functions of component repair moment can be obtained after a sufficient system state sampling.And Copeland ranking method is adopted to rank the component importance.Finally,the feasibility of the proposed approach is validated by extensive case studies.
基金Supported by Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Pathology of Ministry of Education No.2012jsz108the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China No.81272224
文摘AIM: To investigate the efficacy and safety of adjuvant sorafenib after curative resection for patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer(BCLC)-stage C hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS: Thirty-four HCC patients, classified as BCLC-stage C, received adjuvant sorafenib for highrisk of tumor recurrence after curative hepatectomy at a tertiary care university hospital. The study group was compared with a case-matched control group of 68 patients who received curative hepatectomy for HCC during the study period in a 1:2 ratio.RESULTS: The tumor recurrence rate was markedly lower in the sorafenib group(15/34, 44.1%) than in the control group(51/68, 75%, P = 0.002). The median disease-free survival was 12 mo in the study group and 10 mo in the control group. Tumor number more than 3, macrovascular invasion, hilar lymph nodes metastasis, and treatment with sorafenib were significant factors of disease-free survival by univariate analysis. Tumor number more than 3 and treatment with sorafenib were significant risk factors of diseasefree survival by multivariate analysis in the Cox proportional hazards model. The disease-free survival and cumulative overall survival in the study group were significantly better than in the control group(P = 0.034 and 0.016, respectively). CONCLUSION: Our study verifies the potential benefit and safety of adjuvant sorafenib for both decreasing HCC recurrence and extending disease-free and overall survival rates for patients with BCLC-stage C HCC after curative resection.
文摘This position paper is the outcome of a brainstorming workshop organised by the International Society for Digital Earth(ISDE)in Beijing in March 2011.It argues that the vision of Digital Earth(DE)put forward by Vice-President Al Gore 13 years ago needs to be re-evaluated in the light of the many developments in the fields of information technology,data infrastructures and earth observation that have taken place since.The paper identifies the main policy,scientific and societal drivers for the development of DE and illustrates the multi-faceted nature of a new vision of DE grounding it with a few examples of potential applications.Because no single organisation can on its own develop all the aspects of DE,it is essential to develop a series of collaborations at the global level to turn the vision outlined in this paper into reality.
基金Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department(19B267)National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A2054).
文摘Dietary fiber(DF),divided into soluble dietary fiber(SDF)and insoluble dietary fiber(IDF),has attracted increasing attention in the field of pig nutrition.Although DF reduces nutrient digestibility and inhibits energy deposition in most cases,fiber-rich feeds have been widely used in pig diets.This is not only because of lower feed costs,but also from the continuous discovery about the nutritional value of DF,mainly including the improvement of piglet intestinal health and sow reproductive performance.The addition timing has also been further considered,which potentially enables the nutritional value of DF to be accurately used in applicable pig models.Furthermore,fiber degrading enzymes have been shown to alleviate the anti-nutritional effects of DF and have ensured the improvement effect of fiber on intestinal health in young piglet models.However,the regulatory effect of fiber on pork quality is still unclear,which requires consideration of the wide range of fiber sources and the complexity of the basic diet composition,as well as the impact of pig breeds.Taken together,future research needs to gain more insight into the combined effects of SDF and IDF,processing methods,and addition timing to improve the nutritional value of DF,and further explore the physiological functions and regulatory mechanisms of DF fermentation products short-chain fatty acids in pigs.
基金financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2013CB127305)the Nature Science Foundation of Hunan Province(S2014J504I)+1 种基金the Major Project of Hunan Province(2015NK1002)the National Science and Technology Ministry(2014BAD08B11)
文摘Background： To investigate the effects of dietary crude protein（CP） restriction on muscle fiber characteristics and key regulators related to protein deposition in skeletal muscle, a total of 18 growing-finishing pigs（62.30 ± 0.88 kg）were allotted to 3 groups and fed with the recommended adequate protein（AP, 16 % CP） diet, moderately restricted protein（MP, 13 % CP） diet and low protein（LP, 10 % CP） diet, respectively. The skeletal muscle of different locations in pigs, including longissimus dorsi muscle（LDM）, psoas major muscle（PMM） and biceps femoris muscle（BFM） were collected and analyzed.Results： Results showed that growing-finishing pigs fed the MP or AP diet improved（P 〈 0.01） the average daily gain and feed： gain ratio compared with those fed the LP diet, and the MP diet tended to increase（P = 0.09） the weight of LDM. Moreover, the ATP content and energy charge value were varied among muscle samples from different locations of pigs fed the reduced protein diets. We also observed that pigs fed the MP diet up-regulated（P 〈 0.05） muscular m RNA expression of all the selected key genes, except that myosin heavy chain（My HC） IIb,My HC IIx, while m RNA expression of ubiquitin ligases genes was not affected by dietary CP level. Additionally, the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1（m TORC1） pathway was stimulated（P 〈 0.05） in skeletal muscle of the pigs fed the MP or AP diet compared with those fed the LP diet.Conclusion： The results suggest that the pigs fed the MP diet could catch up to the growth performance and the LDM weight of the pigs fed the AP diet, and the underlying mechanism may be partly due to the alteration in energy status, modulation of muscle fiber characteristics and m TORC1 activation as well as its downstream effectors in skeletal muscle of different locations in growing-finishing pigs.
基金ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This paper is supported by the Opening Project of State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology of Nanjing University, China （Grant No.KFKT2012B25） and National Science Foundation of China （Grant No.61303263）.
文摘As a new computing mode,cloud computing can provide users with virtualized and scalable web services,which faced with serious security challenges,however.Access control is one of the most important measures to ensure the security of cloud computing.But applying traditional access control model into the Cloud directly could not solve the uncertainty and vulnerability caused by the open conditions of cloud computing.In cloud computing environment,only when the security and reliability of both interaction parties are ensured,data security can be effectively guaranteed during interactions between users and the Cloud.Therefore,building a mutual trust relationship between users and cloud platform is the key to implement new kinds of access control method in cloud computing environment.Combining with Trust Management(TM),a mutual trust based access control(MTBAC) model is proposed in this paper.MTBAC model take both user's behavior trust and cloud services node's credibility into consideration.Trust relationships between users and cloud service nodes are established by mutual trust mechanism.Security problems of access control are solved by implementing MTBAC model into cloud computing environment.Simulation experiments show that MTBAC model can guarantee the interaction between users and cloud service nodes.
文摘In this paper, the buoyancy, kinetic properties and stability of air floated structures have been studied by theoretical and experimental methods. The equations for calculation of the buoyancy of the air floated buoy are derived according to the Boyler law and the equilibrium equations of the air floated structure are established. Through simplification of the air floated structure as a single freedom rigid body and spring system, the natural period of heaving and some kinetic properties are discussed. In the stability analysis, the formulas for calculation of the meta centric height are presented. The theoretical results are in good agreement with the data observed from the model test and prototype test. The air buoyancy decrease coefficient presented in this paper has a large influence on the floating state, stability and dynamic properties of the air floated structure. The stability of the air floated structure can also be judged by the parameter of meta centric height, and calculations show that the air floated structure is less stable than the conventional float.
文摘Sensing the spectrum in a reliable and efficient manner is crucial to cognitive radio. To combat the channel fading suffered by the single radio, cooperative spectrum sensing is employed, to associate the detection of multiple radios. In this article, the optimization problem of detection efficiency under the constraint of detection probability is investigated, and an algorithm to evaluate the required radio number and sensing time for maximal detection efficiency is presented. To show the effect of cooperation on the detection efficiency, the proposed algorithm is applied to cooperative sensing using the spectral correlation detector under the Rayleigh flat fading channel.
文摘Background: Precut sphincterotomy has been widely performed to facilitate selective biliary access when standard cannulation attempts failed during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP). However, scarce data are available on different precut techniques for difficult biliary cannulation. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of transpancreatic septotomy(TPS), needle-knife fistulotomy(NKF) or both based on the presence of unintentional pancreatic access and papillary morphology. Methods: Between March 2008 and December 2016, 157 consecutive patients undergoing precutting for an inaccessible bile duct during ERCP were identified. Precut techniques were chosen depending on repetitive inadvertent pancreatic cannulation and the papillary morphology. We retrospectively assessed the rates of cannulation success and procedure-related complications among three groups, namely TPS, NKF, and TPS followed by NKF. Results: The baseline characteristics of the three groups were comparable. The overall success rate of biliary cannulation reached 98.1%, including 111 of 113(98.2%) with TPS, 35 of 36(97.2%) with NKF and 8 of 8(100%) with NKF following TPS, without significant difference among groups. The incidences of total complications and post-ERCP pancreatitis were 9.6% and 7.6%, respectively. There was a trend towards less frequent post-ERCP pancreatitis after NKF(0%) compared with 11 cases(9.7%) after TPS and one case(12.5%) after NKF following TPS, but not significantly different( P = 0.07). No severe adverse event occurred during this study period. Conclusions: The choice of precut techniques by the presence of unintended pancreatic access and the papillary morphology brought about a high success rate without increasing risk in difficult biliary cannulation.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81774141 and No.82074418)。
文摘Objective To investigate whether Lingbao Huxin Pill(LBHX)protects against acute myocardial infarction(AMI)at the infarct border zone(IBZ)of myocardial tissue by regulating apoptosis and inflammation through the sirtuin 1(SIRT1)-mediated forkhead box protein O1(FOXO1)and nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)signaling pathways.Methods Six-week-old Wistar rats with normal diet were randomized into the sham,the model,Betaloc(0.9 mg/kg daily),LBHX-L(0.45 mg/kg daily),LBHX-M(0.9 mg/kg daily),LBHX-H(1.8 mg/kg daily),and LBHX+EX527(0.9 mg/kg daily)groups according to the method of random number table,13 in each group.In this study,left anterior descending coronary artery(LADCA)ligation was performed to induce an AMI model in rats.The myocardial infarction area was examined using a 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride solution staining assay.A TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL)assay was conducted to assess cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the IBZ.The histopathology of myocardial tissue at the IBZ was assessed with Heidenhain,Masson and hematoxylineosin(HE)staining assays.The expression levels of tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-6,IL-1β,and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISAs).The mRNA expressions of SIRT1 and FOXO1 were detected by real-time qPCR(RT-qPCR).The protein expressions of SIRT1,FOXO1,SOD2,BAX and NF-κB p65 were detected by Western blot analysis.Results The ligation of the LADCA successfully induced an AMI model.The LBHX pretreatment reduced the infarct size in the AMI rats(P<0.01).The TUNEL assay revealed that LBHX inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis at the IBZ.Further,the histological examination showed that the LBHX pretreatment decreased the ischemic area of myocardial tissue(P<0.05),myocardial interstitial collagen deposition(P<0.05)and inflammation at the IBZ.The ELISA results indicated that LBHX decreased the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines in the AMI rats(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Furthermore,Western blot analysis revealed that the LBHX pretr
基金supported by the China 973 Program(2012CB113900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31271291,31471156)+2 种基金Shanghai Municipal Committee of Science and Technology(13JC1403600)China Innovative Research Team,Ministry of EducationShanghai Graduate Education and Innovation Program (Horticulture)
文摘Plant trichomes serve as a highly suitable model for investigating cell differentiation at the single-cell level. The regulatory genes involved in unicellular trichome develop- ment in Arabidopsis thaliana have been intensively studied, but genes regulating multicellular trichome development in plants remain unclear. Here, we characterized Cucumis sativus （cucumber） trichomes as representative multicellular and unbranched structures, and identified Micro-trichome （Mict）, using map-based cloning in an F2 segregating population of 7,936 individuals generated from a spontaneous mict mutant. In mitt plants, trichomes in both leaves and fruits, are small, poorly developed, and denser than in the wild type. Sequence analysis revealed that a 2,649-bp genomic deletion, spanning the first and second exons, occurred in a plant-specific class I homeodomain-leucine zipper gene. Tissue-specific expression analysis indicated that Mict is strongly expressed in the trichome cells. Transcriptome profiling identified potential targets of Mict including putative homologs of genes known in other systems to regulate trichome development, meristem determinacy, and hormone responsiveness. Phylo- genic analysis charted the relationships among putative homologs in angiosperms. Our paper represents initial steps toward understanding the development of multicellular trichomes.
基金funded by the National Key Basic Research Program of China(2013CB127302)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31330075,31372326,31301988,31301989)+4 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition(2004DA125184F1401)the Spark Program of Jiangxi Province(20142BBF061051)Changsha Lvye Biotechnology Limited Company Academician Expert WorkstationGuangdong Wangda Group Academician Workstation for Clean Feed Technology Research and Development in SwineGuangdong Hinapharm Group Academician Workstation for Biological Feed and Feed Additives and Animal Intestinal Health
文摘Background： The intestinal epithelium is an important barrier that depends on a complex mixture of proteins and these proteins comprise different intercellular junctions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the postnatal and developmental changes in morphology, intercellular junctions and voltage-gated potassium（Kv） channels in the intestine of piglets during the suckling and post-weaning periods.Results： Samples of the small intestine were obtained from 1-, 7-, 14-, and 21-d-old suckling piglets and piglets on d 1, 3, 5, and 7 after weaning at 14 d of age. The results showed that the percentage of proliferating cell nuclear antigen（PCNA）-positive cells and alkaline phosphatase（AKP） activity, as well as the abundances of E-cadherin,occludin, and Kv1.5 m RNA and claudin-1, claudin-3, and occludin protein in the jejunum were increased from d 1to d 21 during the suckling period（P 〈 0.05）. Weaning induced decreases in the percentage of PCNA-positive cells,AKP activity and the abundances of E-cadherin, occludin and zonula occludens（ZO）-1 m RNA or protein in the jejunum on d 1, 3 and 5 post-weaning（P 〈 0.05）. There were lower abundances of E-cadherin, occludin and ZO-1m RNA as well as claudin-1, claudin-3 and ZO-1 protein in the jejunum of weanling piglets than in 21-d-old suckling piglets（P 〈 0.05）. The abundances of E-cadherin, occludin, ZO-1 and integrin m RNA were positively related to the percentage of PCNA-positive cells.Conclusion： Weaning at 14 d of age induced damage to the intestinal morphology and barrier. While there was an adaptive restoration on d 7 post-weaning, the measured values did not return to the pre-weaning levels, which reflected the impairment of intercellular junctions and Kv channels.
基金funded by Science and Technology Project of State Grid,China(5202011600UG)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51577147)
文摘The world is witnessing increasing frequency of extreme events. The power system is the backbone critical infrastructure of our economy and is under treat of such events. The resilient power system is intended to cope with low probability, high risk extreme events including extreme natural disasters and man-made attacks. Realizing resilience in the power system has been an unprecedented mission. Equipped with today’s smart grid technologies, power system can be rendered more resilient by the strategies taken before, during and after a disruptive event erupts. Based on a thorough review of existing works, we present the most-investigated problems and solving measures according to their application stage. In the preparation stage, innovative planning frameworks considering disaster scenarios are discussed; after the event, the system can alter the topology and integrate resource allocation to alleviate load shedding. The characteristics of different disasters are investigated to facilitate enhancing resilience. The review provides a summary of resilience strategies in the power system and can shed light to future research and application.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.3133007531372326)
文摘With the widespread ban on the use of antibiotics in swine feed, alternative measures need to be sought to maintain swine health and performance, Antimicrobial peptides （AMPs） are part of the nonspecific defense system and are natural antibiotics produced by plants, insects, mammalians, and micro-organisms as well as by chemical synthesis. Due to their broad microbicidal activity against various fungi, bacteria and enveloped viruses AMPs are a potential alternative to conventional antibiotics for use in swine production. This review focuses on the structure and mechanism of action of AMPs, as well as their effects on performance, immune function and intestinal health in pigs. The aim is to provide support for the application of AMPs as feed additives replacing antibiotics in swine nutrition.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31201660, 31471919)the ChinaAgriculture Research System (CARS-26-16)+1 种基金the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (201303014)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2013PY086)
文摘Grafting is a widely used practice in fruit-bearing vegetables. However, why grafting affects plant growth, fruit yield, and quality, especially from the aspect of mineral nutrition, remains unclear. In this study, watermelon cultivar ‘Zaojia 8424' was grafted onto bottle gourd ‘Jingxinzhen1'(Lagenaria siceraria) and pumpkin ‘Qingyanzhen 1'(Cucurbita maxima × C. moschata). Non-grafted plants were used as the control. Results show that rootstock grafting significantly increases plant growth and single fruit weight of watermelon. Watermelon grafted onto rootstocks, especially pumpkin, exhibits significantly higher root volume, root surface area, and number of root tips and forks in comparison with non-grafted plants. Fruit flesh, rind firmness, and rind thickness were enhanced by grafting. However, fruit soluble solids and taste significantly decreased in plants grafted onto pumpkin. The total uptake(mg · plant^(-1)) and concentration(mg · g^(-1)DW) of N, K, Ca, Fe, Mg, and Mn in root, stem, leaf,fruit rind, and flesh were generally higher in grafted plants compared to non-grafted ones, especially for N of pumpkin rootstock-grafted plants.The total uptake of nutrients of plants grafted onto bottle gourd and pumpkin was increased by 30.41% and 49.14% at fruit development stage and by 21.33% and 47.46% at fruit maturation stage, respectively, compared with non-grafted plants. We concluded that watermelon grafting onto suitable rootstocks can increase the uptake of mineral nutrition, especially for N in the pumpkin rootstock grafted plants, thereby affecting plant growth, fruit yield, and quality.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFB0901903)Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51637008)State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment in Xi’an Jiaotong University(No.EIPE14106)
文摘The natural gas system and electricity system are coupled tightly by gas turbines in an integrated energy system. The uncertainties of one system will not only threaten its own safe operation but also be likely to have a significant impact on the other. Therefore, it is necessary to study the variation of state variables when random fluctuations emerge in the coupled system. In this paper, a multislack-bus model is proposed to calculate the power and gas flow in the coupled system. A unified probabilistic power and gas flow calculation, in which the cumulant method and Gram–Charlier expansion are applied, is first presented to obtain the distribution of state variables after considering the effects of uncertain factors. When the variation range of random factors is too large, a new method of piecewise linearization is put forward to achieve a better fitting precision of probability distribution. Compared to the Monte Carlo method, the proposed method can reduce computation time greatly while reaching a satisfactory accuracy.The validity of the proposed methods is verified in a coupled system that consists of a 15-node natural gas system and the IEEE case24 power system.
基金funded by Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 2015CFB385)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31501783)the earmarked fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System (Grant No. CARS-25)
文摘The temperature drop of plants from the optimal requirements can increase tolerance to severe chilling stress. Photosynthesis and osmoregulators were analyzed during chilling stress to explore the adaptation mechanisms that underlie the induction of chilling tolerance in response to suboptimal temperature. The relationships of these processes to suboptimal temperature acclimation in watermelon were then determined.Suboptimal temperature-acclimated watermelon plants demonstrated tolerance during chilling stress, as indicated by the decreased electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde accumulation compared with those non-acclimated watermelon plants. Chilling-induced photoinhibition and reduction in CO2 assimilation rate were alleviated after suboptimal temperature acclimation. The xanthophyll cycle level was enhanced by improving thermal dissipation ability and avoiding light damage. Consequently, the chilling tolerance of suboptimal temperature-acclimated watermelon plants was enhanced. The osmoregulation ability induced by suboptimal temperature acclimation protected watermelon plants against chilling injury because of the accumulation of small molecular substances, such as soluble sugar and proline. The protein levels of Rubisco activase(ClRCA) and the gene expression of the Benson–Calvin cycle simultaneously increased in suboptimal temperature-acclimated watermelon plants during chilling stress. Chilling tolerance in watermelon plants induced by suboptimal temperature acclimation is associated with enhanced photosynthetic adaptability and osmoregulation ability.
