Mineral exploration is done by different methods. Geophysical and geochemical studies are two powerful tools in this field. In integrated studies, the results of each study are used to determine the location of the dr...Mineral exploration is done by different methods. Geophysical and geochemical studies are two powerful tools in this field. In integrated studies, the results of each study are used to determine the location of the drilling boreholes. The purpose of this study is to use field geophysics to calculate the depth of mineral reserve. The study area is located 38 km from Zarand city called Jalalabad iron mine. In this study, gravimetric data were measured and mineral depth was calculated using the Euler method. 1314 readings have been performed in this area. The rocks of the region include volcanic and sedimentary. The source of the mineralization in the area is hydrothermal processes. After gravity measuring in the region, the data were corrected, then various methods such as anomalous map remaining in levels one and two, upward expansion, first and second-degree vertical derivatives, analytical method, and analytical signal were drawn, and finally, the depth of the deposit was estimated by Euler method. As a result, the depth of the mineral deposit was calculated to be between 20 and 30 meters on average.展开更多
This study aimed to evaluate the chromite recovery from shaking table tailings of Forumad plant by a dry high-intensity magnetic separation. The average feed grade of chromium trioxide (Cr<sub>2</sub>O<...This study aimed to evaluate the chromite recovery from shaking table tailings of Forumad plant by a dry high-intensity magnetic separation. The average feed grade of chromium trioxide (Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) was 7.62% by XRF. Also, different mineral phases were determined by XRD, identifying the presence of Chrysotile, Augite, Albite, Chlorite and Chromite. Although the Forumad plant usually applies gravity methods utilizing the specific gravity difference between chromite and other gangue minerals, this study applied magnetic separation utilizing the paramagnetic nature of chromite crystals to recover chromite from tailings. 27 tests for 3 factors in 3 levels designed by the Taguchi method with design expert 12 software to determine the optimum conditions for the grade and recovery. Finally, the best condition was identified at 10,000 gauss (or 1 tesla) in the magnetic field intensity, 1 kg/min feeding rate, and 40 rpm drum rotating speed which produced a concentrate with 34.65% Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and 59.42% recovery.展开更多
Sheytoor Iron Ore deposit is located in Yazd province of Iran (Bafq). The most abundant ore is magnetite, which can be seen in the form of mass and granular tissue in various forms of self-shaped, semi-self-shaped and...Sheytoor Iron Ore deposit is located in Yazd province of Iran (Bafq). The most abundant ore is magnetite, which can be seen in the form of mass and granular tissue in various forms of self-shaped, semi-self-shaped and amorphous. The main purpose of this study is to identify the geochemical relationship of phosphorus and sulfur elements and also three-dimensional modeling of mineralization of these elements in iron ore. In order to achieve the research goal, methods such as k-mean clustering technique, concentration-volume fractal as well as block modeling with kriging estimator and Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolator were used. The model of geochemical behavior of phosphorus and sulfur elements compared to iron is of great importance because these two elements are known as deleterious elements in mineral processing and steelmaking processes, which are the post-mining stages. Existence of geochemical model and identification of elements’ behavior towards each other play a key role in optimizing mining operations in order to achieve geometallurgical goals. The results of this study are the three-dimensional model of mineralization of iron, phosphorus and sulfur elements, separation of phosphorus and sulfur mineralization communities and also presenting the model of enrichment community of these two elements. All the results are in line with geometallurgical studies and can optimize the next steps by optimizing the mining process.展开更多
Gilsonite is a natural, brittle, and glisten tar hydrocarbon, which widely uses in the chemical, paint, and oil industry, besides asphalt production and thermal insulation. Major gangues of Gilsonite are gypsum, pyrit...Gilsonite is a natural, brittle, and glisten tar hydrocarbon, which widely uses in the chemical, paint, and oil industry, besides asphalt production and thermal insulation. Major gangues of Gilsonite are gypsum, pyrite, silica, dolomite, calcite, and shale which are known as ash. Due to the fine liberation degree of gangue minerals from Gilsonite, most of the physical mineral processing methods are not applicable. Gilsonite has partially a behavior like coal in flotation due to its high carbon content and the similar composition of ash. As a result, flotation is one of the best methods to decrease the ash content of Gilsonite. In this study, four factors <em>i.e.</em> the dosage of collector, frother, and depressant, and solid to liquid ratio in three levels were examined in flotation to reduce the ash content and increase the recovery of Gilsonite. These tests were designed with the Taguchi method by Design-Expert software. Our results showed the lowest ash content of 5.2% was obtained in the condition which 200 g/t Gasoil as collector, 100 g/t MIBC as a frother, 300 g/t sodium silicate as a depressant, and pulp density was 5% solid to liquid weight ratio.展开更多
Iran is located on a silver, lead, and zinc belt and according to the latest studies holds 11 million tons of lead, zinc, and silver stones which constitute 4 percent of global resources. Considering that mineral mate...Iran is located on a silver, lead, and zinc belt and according to the latest studies holds 11 million tons of lead, zinc, and silver stones which constitute 4 percent of global resources. Considering that mineral materials are explored in an uncertain space, exploration investment risk is an inseparable part of these activities. The important fact is to minimize the effect of this undesired factor in exploration. To achieve this, it is required that exploration activities and withdrawals are performed in a certain framework in which risk minimization is considered. Using mineral potential modelling for determining promising zones which should be taken into consideration in more detailed stages could make achieving the purpose possibly. This work is aimed at applying fuzzy neural network and TOPSIS methods simultaneously in order to explore zinc and lead resources. In this article, geological, telemetry, geophysics, and geochemistry data is integrated using fuzzy-neural network (neuro fuzzy) and using TOPSIS method rating for lead and zinc ore deposit potential mapping in Isfahan-Khomein strip which has been introduced as one of zinc and leads mineral scopes in Iran. This area which is composed of several zinc and lead ore deposits has been considered as the target area. Fuzzy integration results of zinc and lead mineralization witness layers confirm the relatively high potential of lead and zinc mineralization in this region having a northwest-southeast trend and involving more than 90 percent of the known indices and ore deposits of the region. In this research, it was shown that the results of TOPSIS-Neuro-Fuzzy integrated model (a combination of neural network and fuzzy logic) have increased the resolution of talented areas from the areas with no mineralization potential in comparison with the fuzzy method individually.展开更多
One of the contaminants in coal is sulphur. The adverse impact of sulfur on coal, such as environmental pollution, degradation of steel quality, and reduction of coal’s thermal value, has led to the attention of sulf...One of the contaminants in coal is sulphur. The adverse impact of sulfur on coal, such as environmental pollution, degradation of steel quality, and reduction of coal’s thermal value, has led to the attention of sulfur separation methods in recent decades. Leaching (chemical dissolution) is one of the best methods for desulfurising coal, reducing sulfur in coal. In this study, hydrogen peroxide as an oxidising agent on sulfuric acid yield in reducing sulfur types of coal and chemical structure and the organic texture of high sulfur coal was investigated. The experiments were designed using a three-level response surface methodology with four duplicate points and 27 experiments. The independent variables studied were temperature, time, stirring speed and ratio of sulfuric acid to hydrogen peroxide. Dependent variables included reduction percentage of total, pyritic and organic sulfur. This study showed that 99.99% of total sulfur, 30.11% of pyritic sulfur and 69.08% of organic sulfur were reduced. These values were obtained at a temperature of 60°C, time 120 min, stirring speed 200 rpm and 3:1 ratio of sulfuric acid to hydrogen peroxide. Significant changes were observed by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of the coal structure before and after desulphurisation. On the other hand, the studies showed no specific changes in the bonds related to the organic coal matrix. The results showed that this method could be used as a secure process for removing inorganic and organic sulfur without destroying the organic coal matrix.展开更多
文摘Mineral exploration is done by different methods. Geophysical and geochemical studies are two powerful tools in this field. In integrated studies, the results of each study are used to determine the location of the drilling boreholes. The purpose of this study is to use field geophysics to calculate the depth of mineral reserve. The study area is located 38 km from Zarand city called Jalalabad iron mine. In this study, gravimetric data were measured and mineral depth was calculated using the Euler method. 1314 readings have been performed in this area. The rocks of the region include volcanic and sedimentary. The source of the mineralization in the area is hydrothermal processes. After gravity measuring in the region, the data were corrected, then various methods such as anomalous map remaining in levels one and two, upward expansion, first and second-degree vertical derivatives, analytical method, and analytical signal were drawn, and finally, the depth of the deposit was estimated by Euler method. As a result, the depth of the mineral deposit was calculated to be between 20 and 30 meters on average.
文摘This study aimed to evaluate the chromite recovery from shaking table tailings of Forumad plant by a dry high-intensity magnetic separation. The average feed grade of chromium trioxide (Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) was 7.62% by XRF. Also, different mineral phases were determined by XRD, identifying the presence of Chrysotile, Augite, Albite, Chlorite and Chromite. Although the Forumad plant usually applies gravity methods utilizing the specific gravity difference between chromite and other gangue minerals, this study applied magnetic separation utilizing the paramagnetic nature of chromite crystals to recover chromite from tailings. 27 tests for 3 factors in 3 levels designed by the Taguchi method with design expert 12 software to determine the optimum conditions for the grade and recovery. Finally, the best condition was identified at 10,000 gauss (or 1 tesla) in the magnetic field intensity, 1 kg/min feeding rate, and 40 rpm drum rotating speed which produced a concentrate with 34.65% Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and 59.42% recovery.
文摘Sheytoor Iron Ore deposit is located in Yazd province of Iran (Bafq). The most abundant ore is magnetite, which can be seen in the form of mass and granular tissue in various forms of self-shaped, semi-self-shaped and amorphous. The main purpose of this study is to identify the geochemical relationship of phosphorus and sulfur elements and also three-dimensional modeling of mineralization of these elements in iron ore. In order to achieve the research goal, methods such as k-mean clustering technique, concentration-volume fractal as well as block modeling with kriging estimator and Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolator were used. The model of geochemical behavior of phosphorus and sulfur elements compared to iron is of great importance because these two elements are known as deleterious elements in mineral processing and steelmaking processes, which are the post-mining stages. Existence of geochemical model and identification of elements’ behavior towards each other play a key role in optimizing mining operations in order to achieve geometallurgical goals. The results of this study are the three-dimensional model of mineralization of iron, phosphorus and sulfur elements, separation of phosphorus and sulfur mineralization communities and also presenting the model of enrichment community of these two elements. All the results are in line with geometallurgical studies and can optimize the next steps by optimizing the mining process.
文摘Gilsonite is a natural, brittle, and glisten tar hydrocarbon, which widely uses in the chemical, paint, and oil industry, besides asphalt production and thermal insulation. Major gangues of Gilsonite are gypsum, pyrite, silica, dolomite, calcite, and shale which are known as ash. Due to the fine liberation degree of gangue minerals from Gilsonite, most of the physical mineral processing methods are not applicable. Gilsonite has partially a behavior like coal in flotation due to its high carbon content and the similar composition of ash. As a result, flotation is one of the best methods to decrease the ash content of Gilsonite. In this study, four factors <em>i.e.</em> the dosage of collector, frother, and depressant, and solid to liquid ratio in three levels were examined in flotation to reduce the ash content and increase the recovery of Gilsonite. These tests were designed with the Taguchi method by Design-Expert software. Our results showed the lowest ash content of 5.2% was obtained in the condition which 200 g/t Gasoil as collector, 100 g/t MIBC as a frother, 300 g/t sodium silicate as a depressant, and pulp density was 5% solid to liquid weight ratio.
文摘Iran is located on a silver, lead, and zinc belt and according to the latest studies holds 11 million tons of lead, zinc, and silver stones which constitute 4 percent of global resources. Considering that mineral materials are explored in an uncertain space, exploration investment risk is an inseparable part of these activities. The important fact is to minimize the effect of this undesired factor in exploration. To achieve this, it is required that exploration activities and withdrawals are performed in a certain framework in which risk minimization is considered. Using mineral potential modelling for determining promising zones which should be taken into consideration in more detailed stages could make achieving the purpose possibly. This work is aimed at applying fuzzy neural network and TOPSIS methods simultaneously in order to explore zinc and lead resources. In this article, geological, telemetry, geophysics, and geochemistry data is integrated using fuzzy-neural network (neuro fuzzy) and using TOPSIS method rating for lead and zinc ore deposit potential mapping in Isfahan-Khomein strip which has been introduced as one of zinc and leads mineral scopes in Iran. This area which is composed of several zinc and lead ore deposits has been considered as the target area. Fuzzy integration results of zinc and lead mineralization witness layers confirm the relatively high potential of lead and zinc mineralization in this region having a northwest-southeast trend and involving more than 90 percent of the known indices and ore deposits of the region. In this research, it was shown that the results of TOPSIS-Neuro-Fuzzy integrated model (a combination of neural network and fuzzy logic) have increased the resolution of talented areas from the areas with no mineralization potential in comparison with the fuzzy method individually.
文摘One of the contaminants in coal is sulphur. The adverse impact of sulfur on coal, such as environmental pollution, degradation of steel quality, and reduction of coal’s thermal value, has led to the attention of sulfur separation methods in recent decades. Leaching (chemical dissolution) is one of the best methods for desulfurising coal, reducing sulfur in coal. In this study, hydrogen peroxide as an oxidising agent on sulfuric acid yield in reducing sulfur types of coal and chemical structure and the organic texture of high sulfur coal was investigated. The experiments were designed using a three-level response surface methodology with four duplicate points and 27 experiments. The independent variables studied were temperature, time, stirring speed and ratio of sulfuric acid to hydrogen peroxide. Dependent variables included reduction percentage of total, pyritic and organic sulfur. This study showed that 99.99% of total sulfur, 30.11% of pyritic sulfur and 69.08% of organic sulfur were reduced. These values were obtained at a temperature of 60°C, time 120 min, stirring speed 200 rpm and 3:1 ratio of sulfuric acid to hydrogen peroxide. Significant changes were observed by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of the coal structure before and after desulphurisation. On the other hand, the studies showed no specific changes in the bonds related to the organic coal matrix. The results showed that this method could be used as a secure process for removing inorganic and organic sulfur without destroying the organic coal matrix.
