How ophiolitic mèlanges can be defined as sutures is controversial with regard to accretionary orogenesis and continental growth.The Chinese Altay,East junggar,Tianshan,and Beishan belts of the southern Central A...How ophiolitic mèlanges can be defined as sutures is controversial with regard to accretionary orogenesis and continental growth.The Chinese Altay,East junggar,Tianshan,and Beishan belts of the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt（CAOB） in Northwest China,offer a special natural laboratory to resolve this puzzle.In the Chinese Altay,the Erqis unit consists of ophiolitic melanges and coherent assemblages,forming a Paleozoic accretionary complex.At least two ophiolitic melanges（Armantai,and Kelameili） in East Junggar,characterized by imbricated ophiolitic melanges,Nb-enriched basalts,adakitic rocks and volcanic rocks,belong to a Devonian-Carboniferous intra-oceanic island arc with some Paleozoic ophiolites,superimposed by Permian arc volcanism.In the Tianshan,ophiolitic melanges like Kanggurtag,North Tianshan,and South Tianshan occur as part of some Paleozoic accretionary complexes related to amalgamation of arc terranes.In the Beishan there are also several ophiolitic melanges,including the Hongshishan,Xingxingxia-Shibangjing,Hongliuhe-Xichangjing,and Liuyuan ophiolitic units.Most ophiolitic melanges in the study area are characterized by ultramafic,mafic and other components,which are juxtaposed,or even emplaced as lenses and knockers in a matrix of some coherent units.The tectonic settings of various components are different,and some adjacent units in the same melange show contrasting different tectonic settings.The formation ages of these various components are in a wide spectrum,varying from Neoproterozoic to Permian.Therefore we cannot assume that these ophiolitic melanges always form in linear sutures as a result of the closure of specific oceans.Often the ophiolitic components formed either as the substrate of intra-oceanic arcs,or were accreted as lenses or knockers in subduction-accretion complexes.Using published age and paleogeographic constraints,we propose the presence of （1） a major early Paleozoic tectonic boundary that separates the Chinese Altay-East Junggar multiple subduction system展开更多
Background:Acute ankle injury causes damage to joint mechanoreceptors and deafferentation and contributes to proprioception deficits in patients with chronic ankle instability(CAI).We aimed to explore whether deficits...Background:Acute ankle injury causes damage to joint mechanoreceptors and deafferentation and contributes to proprioception deficits in patients with chronic ankle instability(CAI).We aimed to explore whether deficits of proprioception,including kinesthesia and joint position sense(JPS),exist in patients with CAI when compared with the uninjured contralateral side and healthy people.We hypothesized that proprioception deficits did exist in patients with CAI and that the deficits varied by test methodologies.Methods:The study was a systematic review and meta-analysis.We identified studies that compared kinesthesia or JPS in patients with CAI with the uninjured contralateral side or with healthy controls.Meta-analyses were conducted for the studies with similar test procedures,and narrative syntheses were undertaken for the rest.Results:A total of 7731 studies were identified,of which 30 were included for review.A total of 21 studies were eligible for meta-analysis.Compared with the contralateral side,patients with CAI had ankle kinesthesia deficits in inversion and plantarflexion,with a standardized mean difference(SMD)of 0.41 and 0.92,respectively,and active and passive JPS deficits in inversion(SMD=0.92 and 0.72,respectively).Compared with healthy people,patients with CAI had ankle kinesthesia deficits in inversion and eversion(SMD=0.64 and 0.76,respectively),and active JPS deficits in inversion and eversion(SMD=1.00 and 4.82,respectively).Proprioception deficits in the knee and shoulder of patients with CAI were not statistically significant.Conclusion:Proprioception,including both kinesthesia and JPS,of the injured ankle of patients with CAI was impaired,compared with the uninjured contralateral limbs and healthy people.Proprioception varied depending on different movement directions and test methodologies.The use of more detailed measurements of proprioception and interventions for restoring the deficits are recommended in the clinical management of CAI.展开更多
The pattern and timing of collision between India and Eurasia have long been a major concern of the international community. However, no consensus has been reached hitherto. To explore and resolve the disagreements in...The pattern and timing of collision between India and Eurasia have long been a major concern of the international community. However, no consensus has been reached hitherto. To explore and resolve the disagreements in the Himalayan study,in this paper we begin with the methodology and basic principles for the anatomy of composition and nature of convergent margins,then followed by an effort to conduct a similar anatomy for the India-Eurasia collision. One of the most common patterns of plate convergence involves a passive continental margin, an active continental margin and intra-oceanic basins together with accreted terranes in between. The ultimate configuration and location of the terminal suture zone are controlled by the basal surface of the accretionary wedge, which may show fairly complex morphology with Z-shape and fluctuant geometry. One plausible method to determine the terminal suture zone is to dissect the compositions and structures of active continental margins. It requires a focus on various tectonic elements belonging to the upper plate, such as accretionary wedges, high-pressure(HP)-ultra-high-pressure(UHP) metamorphic rocks, Barrovian-type metamorphic rocks and basement nappes, together with superimposed forearc basins.Such geological records can define the extreme limits and the intervening surface separating active margin from the passive one,thus offering a general sketch for the surface trace of the terminal suture zone often with a cryptic feature. Furthermore, the occurrence of the cryptic suture zone in depth may be constrained by geophysical data, which, in combination with outcrop studies of HP-UHP metamorphic rocks, enables us to outline the terminal suture zone. The southern part of the Himalayan orogen records complicated temporal and spatial features, which are hard to be fully explained by the classic "two-plate-one-ocean" template,therefore re-anatomy of the compositions and nature for this region is necessitated. Taking advantage of the methodology and basic principles of plate c展开更多
This study investigated the influence of precipitators and wet flue gas desulfurization equipment on characteristics of PM_(2.5)emission from coal-fired power stations.We measured size distribution and removal efficie...This study investigated the influence of precipitators and wet flue gas desulfurization equipment on characteristics of PM_(2.5)emission from coal-fired power stations.We measured size distribution and removal efficiencies,including hybrid electrostatic precipitator/bag filters(ESP/BAGs)which have rarely been studied.A bimodal distribution of particle concentrations was observed at the inlet of each precipitator.After the precipitators,particle concentrations were significantly reduced.Although a bimodal distribution was still observed,all peak positions shifted to the smaller end.The removal efficiencies of hybrid ESP/BAGs reached 99%for PM_(2.5),which is considerably higher than those for other types of precipitators.In particular,the influence of hybrid ESP/BAG operating conditions on the performance of dust removal was explored.The efficiency of hybrid ESP/BAGs decreased by 1.9%when the first electrostatic field was shut down.The concentrations and distributions of particulate matter were also measured in three coal-fired power plants before and after desulfurization devices.The results showed diverse removal efficiencies for different desulfurization towers.The reason for the difference requires further research.We estimated the influence of removal technology for particulate matter on total emissions in China.Substituting ESPs with hybrid ESP/BAGs could reduce the total emissions to 104.3 thousand tons,with 47.48 thousand tons of PM_(2.5).展开更多
The class III homeodomain-leucine zipper(HD-Zip III)gene family plays important roles in plant growth and development,including regulation of apical embryo patterning,embryonic shoot meristem formation,leaf polarity,v...The class III homeodomain-leucine zipper(HD-Zip III)gene family plays important roles in plant growth and development,including regulation of apical embryo patterning,embryonic shoot meristem formation,leaf polarity,vascular development,and meristem function,with a particularly crucial function in leaf development.Although HD-Zip III members are highly conserved in land plants,previous studies,such as genetic analyses based on multiple mutants in Arabidopsis and other plants,suggest that various HD-Zip III family genes have evolved with distinct functions and pleiotropic effects on plant growth and development.In this study,we analyzed a HD-Zip III member,OsHox33,and demonstrated that it plays an important role in age-dependent leaf senescence in rice.We constructed two specific RNAi vectors derived from the 5′-end region and 3′-UTR of OsHox33 to knockdown its expression.Transgenic plants harboring either RNAi construct displayed similar phenotypes of precocious leaf senescence symptoms,suggesting that knockdown of OsHox33 accelerates leaf senescence in rice.pOsHox33::GUS fusion expression and RT-PCR revealed that OsHox33 is highly expressed in young organs,especially in young meristems such as shoot apical meristems,intercalary meristems,and young callus.In addition,real-time PCR indicated that OsHox33 was more highly expressed in young leaves than in old leaves.To further investigate OsHox33 function,we analyzed chloroplast ultrastructure in different-aged leaves of RNAi plants,and found that OsHox33 knockdown accelerated chloroplast degradation,which is consistent with RNAi phenotypes.Finally,real-time PCR studies showed that OsHox33 can regulate the expression of GS1 and GS2,two senescence-associated genes.Taken together,the work presented here provides new insights into the function of HD-Zip III members in plants.展开更多
Most mammalian cells take up cholesterol from low-density lipoproteins(LDLs) via receptor-mediated endocytosis.After reaching lysosomes,LDL-derived cholesterol continues to transport to downstream organelles including...Most mammalian cells take up cholesterol from low-density lipoproteins(LDLs) via receptor-mediated endocytosis.After reaching lysosomes,LDL-derived cholesterol continues to transport to downstream organelles including the ER for specific structural and functional needs.Peroxisomes are recently found to receive cholesterol from lysosomes through lysosomeperoxisome membrane contacts.However,whether and how cholesterol is conveyed from peroxisomes to the ER remain unknown.Here,by combining high-resolution microscopic analyses and in vitro reconstitution of highly purified organelles or artificial liposomes,we demonstrate that peroxisomes form membrane contacts with the ER through the interaction between peroxisomal PI(4,5)P2 and ER-resident extended synaptotagmin-1,2 and 3(E-Syts).Depletion of peroxisomal PI(4,5)P2 or ESyts markedly decreases peroxisome-ER membrane contacts and induces cholesterol accumulation in lysosomes.Furthermore,we show that cholesterol is delivered from 3H-labeled peroxisomes or PI(4,5)P2-containing liposomes to the ER in vitro,and that the presence of peroxisomes augments cholesterol transfer from lysosomes to the ER.Together,our study reveals a new cholesterol transport pathway along the lysosome-peroxisome-ER membrane contacts in the cell.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Chinese National Basic Research 973 Program(2012CB416604,2007CB411307)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41230207,41390441,41190075)the One Hundred Talent Program B of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘How ophiolitic mèlanges can be defined as sutures is controversial with regard to accretionary orogenesis and continental growth.The Chinese Altay,East junggar,Tianshan,and Beishan belts of the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt（CAOB） in Northwest China,offer a special natural laboratory to resolve this puzzle.In the Chinese Altay,the Erqis unit consists of ophiolitic melanges and coherent assemblages,forming a Paleozoic accretionary complex.At least two ophiolitic melanges（Armantai,and Kelameili） in East Junggar,characterized by imbricated ophiolitic melanges,Nb-enriched basalts,adakitic rocks and volcanic rocks,belong to a Devonian-Carboniferous intra-oceanic island arc with some Paleozoic ophiolites,superimposed by Permian arc volcanism.In the Tianshan,ophiolitic melanges like Kanggurtag,North Tianshan,and South Tianshan occur as part of some Paleozoic accretionary complexes related to amalgamation of arc terranes.In the Beishan there are also several ophiolitic melanges,including the Hongshishan,Xingxingxia-Shibangjing,Hongliuhe-Xichangjing,and Liuyuan ophiolitic units.Most ophiolitic melanges in the study area are characterized by ultramafic,mafic and other components,which are juxtaposed,or even emplaced as lenses and knockers in a matrix of some coherent units.The tectonic settings of various components are different,and some adjacent units in the same melange show contrasting different tectonic settings.The formation ages of these various components are in a wide spectrum,varying from Neoproterozoic to Permian.Therefore we cannot assume that these ophiolitic melanges always form in linear sutures as a result of the closure of specific oceans.Often the ophiolitic components formed either as the substrate of intra-oceanic arcs,or were accreted as lenses or knockers in subduction-accretion complexes.Using published age and paleogeographic constraints,we propose the presence of （1） a major early Paleozoic tectonic boundary that separates the Chinese Altay-East Junggar multiple subduction system
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81871823).
文摘Background:Acute ankle injury causes damage to joint mechanoreceptors and deafferentation and contributes to proprioception deficits in patients with chronic ankle instability(CAI).We aimed to explore whether deficits of proprioception,including kinesthesia and joint position sense(JPS),exist in patients with CAI when compared with the uninjured contralateral side and healthy people.We hypothesized that proprioception deficits did exist in patients with CAI and that the deficits varied by test methodologies.Methods:The study was a systematic review and meta-analysis.We identified studies that compared kinesthesia or JPS in patients with CAI with the uninjured contralateral side or with healthy controls.Meta-analyses were conducted for the studies with similar test procedures,and narrative syntheses were undertaken for the rest.Results:A total of 7731 studies were identified,of which 30 were included for review.A total of 21 studies were eligible for meta-analysis.Compared with the contralateral side,patients with CAI had ankle kinesthesia deficits in inversion and plantarflexion,with a standardized mean difference(SMD)of 0.41 and 0.92,respectively,and active and passive JPS deficits in inversion(SMD=0.92 and 0.72,respectively).Compared with healthy people,patients with CAI had ankle kinesthesia deficits in inversion and eversion(SMD=0.64 and 0.76,respectively),and active JPS deficits in inversion and eversion(SMD=1.00 and 4.82,respectively).Proprioception deficits in the knee and shoulder of patients with CAI were not statistically significant.Conclusion:Proprioception,including both kinesthesia and JPS,of the injured ankle of patients with CAI was impaired,compared with the uninjured contralateral limbs and healthy people.Proprioception varied depending on different movement directions and test methodologies.The use of more detailed measurements of proprioception and interventions for restoring the deficits are recommended in the clinical management of CAI.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program (B) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos. XDB03010801, XDB18020203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41230207, 41190075 & 41472192the IGCP Project 592
文摘The pattern and timing of collision between India and Eurasia have long been a major concern of the international community. However, no consensus has been reached hitherto. To explore and resolve the disagreements in the Himalayan study,in this paper we begin with the methodology and basic principles for the anatomy of composition and nature of convergent margins,then followed by an effort to conduct a similar anatomy for the India-Eurasia collision. One of the most common patterns of plate convergence involves a passive continental margin, an active continental margin and intra-oceanic basins together with accreted terranes in between. The ultimate configuration and location of the terminal suture zone are controlled by the basal surface of the accretionary wedge, which may show fairly complex morphology with Z-shape and fluctuant geometry. One plausible method to determine the terminal suture zone is to dissect the compositions and structures of active continental margins. It requires a focus on various tectonic elements belonging to the upper plate, such as accretionary wedges, high-pressure(HP)-ultra-high-pressure(UHP) metamorphic rocks, Barrovian-type metamorphic rocks and basement nappes, together with superimposed forearc basins.Such geological records can define the extreme limits and the intervening surface separating active margin from the passive one,thus offering a general sketch for the surface trace of the terminal suture zone often with a cryptic feature. Furthermore, the occurrence of the cryptic suture zone in depth may be constrained by geophysical data, which, in combination with outcrop studies of HP-UHP metamorphic rocks, enables us to outline the terminal suture zone. The southern part of the Himalayan orogen records complicated temporal and spatial features, which are hard to be fully explained by the classic "two-plate-one-ocean" template,therefore re-anatomy of the compositions and nature for this region is necessitated. Taking advantage of the methodology and basic principles of plate c
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Pro-gram of China(973 Program)(2013CB228506).
文摘This study investigated the influence of precipitators and wet flue gas desulfurization equipment on characteristics of PM_(2.5)emission from coal-fired power stations.We measured size distribution and removal efficiencies,including hybrid electrostatic precipitator/bag filters(ESP/BAGs)which have rarely been studied.A bimodal distribution of particle concentrations was observed at the inlet of each precipitator.After the precipitators,particle concentrations were significantly reduced.Although a bimodal distribution was still observed,all peak positions shifted to the smaller end.The removal efficiencies of hybrid ESP/BAGs reached 99%for PM_(2.5),which is considerably higher than those for other types of precipitators.In particular,the influence of hybrid ESP/BAG operating conditions on the performance of dust removal was explored.The efficiency of hybrid ESP/BAGs decreased by 1.9%when the first electrostatic field was shut down.The concentrations and distributions of particulate matter were also measured in three coal-fired power plants before and after desulfurization devices.The results showed diverse removal efficiencies for different desulfurization towers.The reason for the difference requires further research.We estimated the influence of removal technology for particulate matter on total emissions in China.Substituting ESPs with hybrid ESP/BAGs could reduce the total emissions to 104.3 thousand tons,with 47.48 thousand tons of PM_(2.5).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31171515)the Tianjin Natural Science Foundation of China(11JCZDJC17900)the Knowledge Innovation and Training Program of Tianjin,Tianjin Municipal Education Commission(2013-1-2015-12)
文摘The class III homeodomain-leucine zipper(HD-Zip III)gene family plays important roles in plant growth and development,including regulation of apical embryo patterning,embryonic shoot meristem formation,leaf polarity,vascular development,and meristem function,with a particularly crucial function in leaf development.Although HD-Zip III members are highly conserved in land plants,previous studies,such as genetic analyses based on multiple mutants in Arabidopsis and other plants,suggest that various HD-Zip III family genes have evolved with distinct functions and pleiotropic effects on plant growth and development.In this study,we analyzed a HD-Zip III member,OsHox33,and demonstrated that it plays an important role in age-dependent leaf senescence in rice.We constructed two specific RNAi vectors derived from the 5′-end region and 3′-UTR of OsHox33 to knockdown its expression.Transgenic plants harboring either RNAi construct displayed similar phenotypes of precocious leaf senescence symptoms,suggesting that knockdown of OsHox33 accelerates leaf senescence in rice.pOsHox33::GUS fusion expression and RT-PCR revealed that OsHox33 is highly expressed in young organs,especially in young meristems such as shoot apical meristems,intercalary meristems,and young callus.In addition,real-time PCR indicated that OsHox33 was more highly expressed in young leaves than in old leaves.To further investigate OsHox33 function,we analyzed chloroplast ultrastructure in different-aged leaves of RNAi plants,and found that OsHox33 knockdown accelerated chloroplast degradation,which is consistent with RNAi phenotypes.Finally,real-time PCR studies showed that OsHox33 can regulate the expression of GS1 and GS2,two senescence-associated genes.Taken together,the work presented here provides new insights into the function of HD-Zip III members in plants.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91754102, 31771568, 31690102, 31600651, 31701030)National Key Research and Development Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2016YFA0500100)+2 种基金Shenzhen City Technology Basic Research Program (JCYJ20170818144026198)Science and Technology Department of Hubei Province (2017CFB617)the 111 Project of Ministry of Education of China (B16036)
文摘Most mammalian cells take up cholesterol from low-density lipoproteins(LDLs) via receptor-mediated endocytosis.After reaching lysosomes,LDL-derived cholesterol continues to transport to downstream organelles including the ER for specific structural and functional needs.Peroxisomes are recently found to receive cholesterol from lysosomes through lysosomeperoxisome membrane contacts.However,whether and how cholesterol is conveyed from peroxisomes to the ER remain unknown.Here,by combining high-resolution microscopic analyses and in vitro reconstitution of highly purified organelles or artificial liposomes,we demonstrate that peroxisomes form membrane contacts with the ER through the interaction between peroxisomal PI(4,5)P2 and ER-resident extended synaptotagmin-1,2 and 3(E-Syts).Depletion of peroxisomal PI(4,5)P2 or ESyts markedly decreases peroxisome-ER membrane contacts and induces cholesterol accumulation in lysosomes.Furthermore,we show that cholesterol is delivered from 3H-labeled peroxisomes or PI(4,5)P2-containing liposomes to the ER in vitro,and that the presence of peroxisomes augments cholesterol transfer from lysosomes to the ER.Together,our study reveals a new cholesterol transport pathway along the lysosome-peroxisome-ER membrane contacts in the cell.
