Background: Despite a significant decline in neonatal deaths in the last 20 years (5 million in 1990 to 2.4 million in 2019), the risk of death is still high, especially in developing countries. In Tanzania, neonatal ...Background: Despite a significant decline in neonatal deaths in the last 20 years (5 million in 1990 to 2.4 million in 2019), the risk of death is still high, especially in developing countries. In Tanzania, neonatal sepsis is the third leading cause of neonatal death, accounting for 25% of all deaths. The rising global threat of antimicrobial resistance and the rising burden of neonatal death due to neonatal sepsis have been of great concern and have delayed progress toward reaching SDG goal 3.2 by 2030. This study aims to determine the bacteriological profile, antibiotic susceptibility patterns, and predictors of bacteremia among neonates with clinical sepsis at KCMC Hospital in Northern Tanzania. Methodology: This study had a cross-sectional design conducted at KCMC Hospital, Northern Tanzania. The study population was neonates admitted to the neonatal unit at KCMC Hospital. Data were collected using questionnaires and blood cultures from neonates. Frequencies and proportions were used to summarize categorical variables, while continuous variables were summarized using mean and standard deviation. The frequencies and proportions of bacteria isolated and the antimicrobial susceptibility results were analyzed and compared using Pearson’s chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test where applicable. Modified Poisson regression model was used to determine factors associated with positive blood culture. Results: Out of 411 neonates with a clinical diagnosis of neonatal sepsis, 175 (42.9%) had positive blood cultures. Gram-positive bacteria were most frequently isolated at 52.3%, and gram-negative bacteria were 47.7%. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (30.7%) and Staphylococcus aureus (19.9%) were the predominant gram-positive isolates. Gram-negative isolates were Klebsiella spp 47 (26.7%), E. coli 10 (5.7%), and Citrobacter spp 10 (5.1%). The gram-positive isolates were sensitive to vancomycin, piperacillin/tazobactam, and ceftazidime, whereas the gram-negative were sensitive to amikacin, meropenem, and vancomycin.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Hypertriglyceridemia in children means increased plasma fasti...<strong>Background:</strong><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Hypertriglyceridemia in children means increased plasma fasting Triglyceride levels above the 95</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">th</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> percentile for age and sex. For children aged 0 to 9 years, a triglyceride level greater than or equal to 100 mg/dl is considered above the 95</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">th</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> percentile. Hypertriglyceridemia can be mild to borderline high, moderate to high, very high, severe and very severe (>2000 mg/dl).</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">We present the case of a 1</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">month and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3 </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">week</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">old baby who presented with difficulty in breathing. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">It </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">was accidentally found to have strawberry yoghurt like blood during phlebotomy, of which upon investigation had very high triglyceride levels of >2000 mg/dl. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Case Presentation:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 1 month and 3</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">weeks old female baby, admitted as referral from nearby health centre presenting with difficulty in breath, her blood sample was incidentally found to appear as strawberry yoghurt like. Clinically the infant had features suggestive of respiratory distress, with no other systemic abnormalities noted. Chest X</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ray that was done had features of pneumonia. The working diagnos展开更多
Background: Orphans are potentially at greater risk of malnutrition because they are more likely to be extremely poor and receive less medical and social care. Children living in orphanages tend to be neglected and ma...Background: Orphans are potentially at greater risk of malnutrition because they are more likely to be extremely poor and receive less medical and social care. Children living in orphanages tend to be neglected and may be malnourished and they’re at risk of losing their full potential, with consequences to the child, nation and worldwide. Despite the nutritional concerns raised globally and in neighboring countries among these children, there exists an inadequate body of information about orphans’ nutritional status and feeding practices in Tanzania. This study aimed to assess the nutritional status, feeding practices and factors contributing to malnutrition among children aged 6 - 59 months in Arusha region orphanages, Tanzania. Study Objective: To assess the nutritional status, feeding practices and factors contributing to undernutrition among children aged 6 - 59 months in Arusha region orphanages, Tanzania. Methodology: This was an institution-based cross-sectional study conducted in selected orphanage Centre in the Arusha region. A representative sample size of 216 children aged 6 - 59 months in Arusha orphanages was selected to participate in the study. Multistaging sampling was used to select the study participants. Interviewer-administered questionnaires and anthropometric measurements were used during data collection. The data collected were entered, processed, and analyzed;continuous variables were summarized by use of mean and Standard deviation, while categorical variables were summarized by use of frequency, percentages and figures. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the Odds Ratio with 95% CI and measure the strength of association between the outcomes with respect to selected independent variables. Variables with a p-value of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 216 children from the orphanage Centre were involved in this study. Prevalence of Stunting, underweight and wasting among orphan children were 23.60%, 15.30% and 9.30%. The pr展开更多
文摘Background: Despite a significant decline in neonatal deaths in the last 20 years (5 million in 1990 to 2.4 million in 2019), the risk of death is still high, especially in developing countries. In Tanzania, neonatal sepsis is the third leading cause of neonatal death, accounting for 25% of all deaths. The rising global threat of antimicrobial resistance and the rising burden of neonatal death due to neonatal sepsis have been of great concern and have delayed progress toward reaching SDG goal 3.2 by 2030. This study aims to determine the bacteriological profile, antibiotic susceptibility patterns, and predictors of bacteremia among neonates with clinical sepsis at KCMC Hospital in Northern Tanzania. Methodology: This study had a cross-sectional design conducted at KCMC Hospital, Northern Tanzania. The study population was neonates admitted to the neonatal unit at KCMC Hospital. Data were collected using questionnaires and blood cultures from neonates. Frequencies and proportions were used to summarize categorical variables, while continuous variables were summarized using mean and standard deviation. The frequencies and proportions of bacteria isolated and the antimicrobial susceptibility results were analyzed and compared using Pearson’s chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test where applicable. Modified Poisson regression model was used to determine factors associated with positive blood culture. Results: Out of 411 neonates with a clinical diagnosis of neonatal sepsis, 175 (42.9%) had positive blood cultures. Gram-positive bacteria were most frequently isolated at 52.3%, and gram-negative bacteria were 47.7%. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (30.7%) and Staphylococcus aureus (19.9%) were the predominant gram-positive isolates. Gram-negative isolates were Klebsiella spp 47 (26.7%), E. coli 10 (5.7%), and Citrobacter spp 10 (5.1%). The gram-positive isolates were sensitive to vancomycin, piperacillin/tazobactam, and ceftazidime, whereas the gram-negative were sensitive to amikacin, meropenem, and vancomycin.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Hypertriglyceridemia in children means increased plasma fasting Triglyceride levels above the 95</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">th</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> percentile for age and sex. For children aged 0 to 9 years, a triglyceride level greater than or equal to 100 mg/dl is considered above the 95</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">th</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> percentile. Hypertriglyceridemia can be mild to borderline high, moderate to high, very high, severe and very severe (>2000 mg/dl).</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">We present the case of a 1</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">month and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3 </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">week</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">old baby who presented with difficulty in breathing. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">It </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">was accidentally found to have strawberry yoghurt like blood during phlebotomy, of which upon investigation had very high triglyceride levels of >2000 mg/dl. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Case Presentation:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 1 month and 3</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">weeks old female baby, admitted as referral from nearby health centre presenting with difficulty in breath, her blood sample was incidentally found to appear as strawberry yoghurt like. Clinically the infant had features suggestive of respiratory distress, with no other systemic abnormalities noted. Chest X</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ray that was done had features of pneumonia. The working diagnos
文摘Background: Orphans are potentially at greater risk of malnutrition because they are more likely to be extremely poor and receive less medical and social care. Children living in orphanages tend to be neglected and may be malnourished and they’re at risk of losing their full potential, with consequences to the child, nation and worldwide. Despite the nutritional concerns raised globally and in neighboring countries among these children, there exists an inadequate body of information about orphans’ nutritional status and feeding practices in Tanzania. This study aimed to assess the nutritional status, feeding practices and factors contributing to malnutrition among children aged 6 - 59 months in Arusha region orphanages, Tanzania. Study Objective: To assess the nutritional status, feeding practices and factors contributing to undernutrition among children aged 6 - 59 months in Arusha region orphanages, Tanzania. Methodology: This was an institution-based cross-sectional study conducted in selected orphanage Centre in the Arusha region. A representative sample size of 216 children aged 6 - 59 months in Arusha orphanages was selected to participate in the study. Multistaging sampling was used to select the study participants. Interviewer-administered questionnaires and anthropometric measurements were used during data collection. The data collected were entered, processed, and analyzed;continuous variables were summarized by use of mean and Standard deviation, while categorical variables were summarized by use of frequency, percentages and figures. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the Odds Ratio with 95% CI and measure the strength of association between the outcomes with respect to selected independent variables. Variables with a p-value of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 216 children from the orphanage Centre were involved in this study. Prevalence of Stunting, underweight and wasting among orphan children were 23.60%, 15.30% and 9.30%. The pr
