The genus Diaporthe comprises pathogenic,endophytic and saprobic species with both temperate and tropical distributions.Cryptic diversification,phenotypic plasticity and extensive host associations have long complicat...The genus Diaporthe comprises pathogenic,endophytic and saprobic species with both temperate and tropical distributions.Cryptic diversification,phenotypic plasticity and extensive host associations have long complicated accurate identifications of species in this genus.The delimitation of the generic type species Diaporthe eres has been uncertain due to the lack of ex-type cultures.Species limits of D.eres and closely related species were evaluated using molecular phylogenetic analysis of eight genes including nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer(ITS),partial sequences of actin(ACT),DNA-lyase(Apn2),translation elongation factor 1-α(EF1-α),beta-tubulin(TUB),calmodulin(CAL),60s ribosomal protein L37(FG1093)and histone-3(HIS).The occurrence of sequence heterogeneity of ITS within D.eres is observed,which complicates the analysis and may lead to overestimation of the species diversity.The strict criteria of Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition(GCPSR)were applied to resolve species boundaries based on individual and combined analyses of other seven genes except the ITS.We accept nine distinct phylogenetic species including Diaporthe alleghaniensis,D.alnea,D.bicincta,D.celastrina,D.eres,D.helicis,D.neilliae,D.pulla and D.vaccinii.Epitypes are designated for D.alnea,D.bicincta,D.celastrina,D.eres,D.helicis and D.pulla.Modern descriptions and illustrations are provided for these species.Newly designed primers are introduced to amplify and sequence the Apn2(DNA-lyase)gene in Diaporthe.Based on phylogenetic informativeness profiles,EF1-α,Apn2 and HIS genes are recognised as the best markers for defining species in the D.eres complex.展开更多
Tubeufiaceae is based on the generic type Tubeufia,which is characterized by superficial,oval and bright ascomata,bitunicate asci,mostly long fusiform to filiform,transeptate ascospores and hyphomycetous asexual state...Tubeufiaceae is based on the generic type Tubeufia,which is characterized by superficial,oval and bright ascomata,bitunicate asci,mostly long fusiform to filiform,transeptate ascospores and hyphomycetous asexual states with helicosporous conidia.Most species in this family are saprobic on terrestrial woody substrates and some are aquatic.Their distinct morphology as well as combined LSU,SSU and TEF1 sequence analysis show that Tubeufiaceae should be accommodated in a new order Tubeufiales,which is introduced in this paper.Phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU and ITS sequences were used to resolve genera and species within the family Tubeufiaceae.In this study,we examine and incorporate sexual and asexual states of genera in Tubeufiales to provide a modern treatment,based on single names.An epitype for Tubeufia javanica,the type species of Tubeufia,is designated and represents Tubeufia sensu stricto.The genera Acanthophiobolus,Acanthostigma,Boerlagiomyces,Chlamydotubeufia,Kamalomyces,Podonectria,Thaxteriella and Thaxteriellopsis are accepted,Acanthostigmina is reinstated,and the asexual genera Aquaphila,Helicoma,Helicomyces,Helicosporium and Tamhinispora are accepted in Tubeufiaceae.Three new genera Acanthohelicospora,Helicangiospora and Neoacanthostigma are introduced.The genus Bifrontia is added to the family based on morphological similarity.The incongruous morphological genera Acanthostigmella,Amphinectria,Chaetocrea,Chaetosphaerulina,Glaxoa,Malacaria,Melioliphila,Paranectriella,Puttemansia,Rebentischia and Uredinophila are excluded from Tubeufiaceae despite having characteristic ascomata with setae and multiseptate long spores.A key to genera accepted in Tubeufiaceae is provided.展开更多
Molecular phylogenetic analyses of LSU rDNA demonstrate monophyly of the genus Melanconiella,and its status as a genus distinct from Melanconis is confirmed.Data of macro-and microscopic morphology,pure cultures and p...Molecular phylogenetic analyses of LSU rDNA demonstrate monophyly of the genus Melanconiella,and its status as a genus distinct from Melanconis is confirmed.Data of macro-and microscopic morphology,pure cultures and phylogenetic analyses of partial SSU-ITS-LSU rDNA,tef1 and rpb2 sequences revealed 13 distinct species of Melanconiella,six of which are described as new(M.chrysodiscosporina,M.chrysomelanconium,M.chrysorientalis,M.echinata,M.elegans,M.meridionalis).Melanconiella hyperopta var.orientalis is described as a new variety.Diaporthe carpinicola,D.ellisii,D.flavovirens,D.hyperopta and D.ostryae are formally combined into Melanconiella.The name Melanconiella chrysostroma is excluded from Melanconiella,as it is an obligate synonym of Wuestneia xanthostroma.The type of Melanconiella is confirmed as M.spodiaea.Several species are lecto-and/or epitypified.A key to all treated species ofMelanconiella is provided,and the circumscriptions of the genera Melanconis and Melanconiella are emended.Most Melanconiella species revealed by molecular phylogenetic analyses can be well characterised by a suite of morphological traits including ascospore shape,length and width,colour,absence/presence and shape of appendages and the anamorph.Anamorph-teleomorph connections were confirmed by pure culture and DNA data,revealing the presence of a single melanconium-or discosporina-like anamorph for each species.Colony growth was found to be characteristic of the respective species.Melanconiella is shown to be confined to the host family Betulaceae,and all species are found to be highly host-specific,mostly confined to a single host species.The biodiversity ofMelanconiella was determined to be centred on the genus Carpinus with nine species,five of which have been confirmed on C.betulus.Europe appears to be the geographic centre of Melanconiella biodiversity.展开更多
Species of Ophiognomonia are leaf-inhabiting endophytes,pathogens,and saprobes that infect plants in the families Betulaceae,Fagaceae,Juglandaceae,Lauraceae,Malvaceae,Platanaceae,Rosaceae,Salicaceae,and Sapindaceae.Ba...Species of Ophiognomonia are leaf-inhabiting endophytes,pathogens,and saprobes that infect plants in the families Betulaceae,Fagaceae,Juglandaceae,Lauraceae,Malvaceae,Platanaceae,Rosaceae,Salicaceae,and Sapindaceae.Based on extensive collecting,this speciesrich genus is now known to have a world wide distribution in primarily temperate areas,although some species are known from the subtropics.Analyses of DNA sequences from three markers including guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-like protein(MS204),translation elongation factor 1α(tef-1α),and the ITS region including ITS1,5.8 S rDNA and ITS2 regions(ITS)were used to define phylogenetic species in Ophiognomonia.Host plant association correlated with these species.Twenty-five new species of Ophiognomonia and two new combinations are proposed with descriptions and illustrations.In addition,descriptions and illustrations are provided for 12 other species of Ophiognomonia.A key is provided to the 45 currently accepted species of Ophiognomonia.The disposition of additional names in Ophiognomonia is also discussed.展开更多
Specimens regarded as Thelonectria discophora(Thelonectria,Nectriaceae,Hypocreales)constitute a conspicuous group of saprobic fungi on decaying plant material,characterized by red perithecia each with a broad mammifor...Specimens regarded as Thelonectria discophora(Thelonectria,Nectriaceae,Hypocreales)constitute a conspicuous group of saprobic fungi on decaying plant material,characterized by red perithecia each with a broad mammiform(nipple-like)apex.The asexual state is characterized by a cylindrocarpon-like morphology,with 3–5 septate macroconidia,unicellular microconidia and chlamydospores that are rarely produced in culture.In the past,T.discophora was regarded as one species with a wide geographic distribution.However,a recent study rejected the monophyly and cosmopolitan distribution of this species,and showed the existence of at least 16 cryptic species distributed in three main groups.By combining the results of phylogenetic analyses of six nuclear loci and morphological studies,we revised the taxonomy of the T.discophora species complex,resulting in the description of 12 new species and four new combinations based on historic names.Even though molecular phylogenetic analyses strongly support the segregation of these species,and are in agreement with previous studies,individual diagnostic morphological characters for each species could not be identified.However,discrete morphological traits corresponding to each of the three main groups of species were discovered.Lineages could be differentiated based on the average values of morphological traits as well as the presence/absence of characteristic asexual propagules and colony growth at 30C.Descriptions,illustrations are provided for the recognized species.展开更多
Microfungi in the Gnomoniaceae(Diaporthales,Ascomycetes)comprise species commonly reported as pathogens and endophytes on trees and herbaceous hosts primarily from temperate forests of North America,Europe,and Japan.T...Microfungi in the Gnomoniaceae(Diaporthales,Ascomycetes)comprise species commonly reported as pathogens and endophytes on trees and herbaceous hosts primarily from temperate forests of North America,Europe,and Japan.The diversity of Gnomoniaceae in China is poorly known,although several plant families that occur there specifically the Betulaceae are considered important hosts.An exploratory trip to Yunnan,China,resulted in the discovery of several members of the Gnomoniaceae.In this paper a new monotypic genus,Occultocarpon and its species,O.ailaoshanense,are described and illustrated.A phylogeny based on three genes(LSU,rpb2,tef1-α)reveals that O.ailaoshanense belongs to the Gnomoniaceae and forms a branch distinct from the currently known genera.Occultocarpon ailaoshanense is characterized by perithecia with thin,central to eccentric necks in groups embedded in a stroma and oblong elliptical-elongated,one-septate ascospores.Occultocarpon ailaoshanense occurs on the bark of branches of Alnus nepalensis(Betulaceae)in Yunnan,China.展开更多
文摘The genus Diaporthe comprises pathogenic,endophytic and saprobic species with both temperate and tropical distributions.Cryptic diversification,phenotypic plasticity and extensive host associations have long complicated accurate identifications of species in this genus.The delimitation of the generic type species Diaporthe eres has been uncertain due to the lack of ex-type cultures.Species limits of D.eres and closely related species were evaluated using molecular phylogenetic analysis of eight genes including nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer(ITS),partial sequences of actin(ACT),DNA-lyase(Apn2),translation elongation factor 1-α(EF1-α),beta-tubulin(TUB),calmodulin(CAL),60s ribosomal protein L37(FG1093)and histone-3(HIS).The occurrence of sequence heterogeneity of ITS within D.eres is observed,which complicates the analysis and may lead to overestimation of the species diversity.The strict criteria of Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition(GCPSR)were applied to resolve species boundaries based on individual and combined analyses of other seven genes except the ITS.We accept nine distinct phylogenetic species including Diaporthe alleghaniensis,D.alnea,D.bicincta,D.celastrina,D.eres,D.helicis,D.neilliae,D.pulla and D.vaccinii.Epitypes are designated for D.alnea,D.bicincta,D.celastrina,D.eres,D.helicis and D.pulla.Modern descriptions and illustrations are provided for these species.Newly designed primers are introduced to amplify and sequence the Apn2(DNA-lyase)gene in Diaporthe.Based on phylogenetic informativeness profiles,EF1-α,Apn2 and HIS genes are recognised as the best markers for defining species in the D.eres complex.
基金supported by TRF/BIOTEC program Biodiversity Research and Training Grant BRT R_251181,BRT R_253012,USDA-ARS,Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory(SMML)partially by the Mushroom Research Foundation,Chiang Rai Province for financial supportMae Fah Luang University(grant for study Dothideomycetes No.56101020032)are also thanked for research facilities.
文摘Tubeufiaceae is based on the generic type Tubeufia,which is characterized by superficial,oval and bright ascomata,bitunicate asci,mostly long fusiform to filiform,transeptate ascospores and hyphomycetous asexual states with helicosporous conidia.Most species in this family are saprobic on terrestrial woody substrates and some are aquatic.Their distinct morphology as well as combined LSU,SSU and TEF1 sequence analysis show that Tubeufiaceae should be accommodated in a new order Tubeufiales,which is introduced in this paper.Phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU and ITS sequences were used to resolve genera and species within the family Tubeufiaceae.In this study,we examine and incorporate sexual and asexual states of genera in Tubeufiales to provide a modern treatment,based on single names.An epitype for Tubeufia javanica,the type species of Tubeufia,is designated and represents Tubeufia sensu stricto.The genera Acanthophiobolus,Acanthostigma,Boerlagiomyces,Chlamydotubeufia,Kamalomyces,Podonectria,Thaxteriella and Thaxteriellopsis are accepted,Acanthostigmina is reinstated,and the asexual genera Aquaphila,Helicoma,Helicomyces,Helicosporium and Tamhinispora are accepted in Tubeufiaceae.Three new genera Acanthohelicospora,Helicangiospora and Neoacanthostigma are introduced.The genus Bifrontia is added to the family based on morphological similarity.The incongruous morphological genera Acanthostigmella,Amphinectria,Chaetocrea,Chaetosphaerulina,Glaxoa,Malacaria,Melioliphila,Paranectriella,Puttemansia,Rebentischia and Uredinophila are excluded from Tubeufiaceae despite having characteristic ascomata with setae and multiseptate long spores.A key to genera accepted in Tubeufiaceae is provided.
基金We thank Walter Gams for hospitality and excursion support in Italy,Jacques Fournier,Enrique Rubio Domínguez,Sven-Åke Hanson and Larissa Vasilyeva for collecting and communicating Melanconiella specimens,Irmgard Greilhuber and her family for organising and participating in numerous collecting trips together with HV,the fungarium curators of B,BPI,DAOM,G,GZU,K,M,NY,UPS andWfor the loan of specimens,Scott Redhead(DAOM)for providing notes of L.E.Wehmeyer and for allowing DNA extraction from the type specimen of M.echinata,Walter Till(WU)for managing the herbarium loans,and the British Mycological Society for invitation to the BMS Spring Foray 2011 in Yorkshire.
文摘Molecular phylogenetic analyses of LSU rDNA demonstrate monophyly of the genus Melanconiella,and its status as a genus distinct from Melanconis is confirmed.Data of macro-and microscopic morphology,pure cultures and phylogenetic analyses of partial SSU-ITS-LSU rDNA,tef1 and rpb2 sequences revealed 13 distinct species of Melanconiella,six of which are described as new(M.chrysodiscosporina,M.chrysomelanconium,M.chrysorientalis,M.echinata,M.elegans,M.meridionalis).Melanconiella hyperopta var.orientalis is described as a new variety.Diaporthe carpinicola,D.ellisii,D.flavovirens,D.hyperopta and D.ostryae are formally combined into Melanconiella.The name Melanconiella chrysostroma is excluded from Melanconiella,as it is an obligate synonym of Wuestneia xanthostroma.The type of Melanconiella is confirmed as M.spodiaea.Several species are lecto-and/or epitypified.A key to all treated species ofMelanconiella is provided,and the circumscriptions of the genera Melanconis and Melanconiella are emended.Most Melanconiella species revealed by molecular phylogenetic analyses can be well characterised by a suite of morphological traits including ascospore shape,length and width,colour,absence/presence and shape of appendages and the anamorph.Anamorph-teleomorph connections were confirmed by pure culture and DNA data,revealing the presence of a single melanconium-or discosporina-like anamorph for each species.Colony growth was found to be characteristic of the respective species.Melanconiella is shown to be confined to the host family Betulaceae,and all species are found to be highly host-specific,mostly confined to a single host species.The biodiversity ofMelanconiella was determined to be centred on the genus Carpinus with nine species,five of which have been confirmed on C.betulus.Europe appears to be the geographic centre of Melanconiella biodiversity.
基金This project was funded by the National Science Foundation Partnerships for Enhancing Expertise in Taxonomy(NSF 03-28364).Additional funding for field work by DMW was received through Rutgers University,New Brunswick,NJ,from the C.Reed Funk Student Award by the Department of Plant Biology and Pathology,also the Backus Award and Everett Lutrell Mentor Student Travel Award from the Mycological Society of America.DMW also thanks Jo Anne Crouch and Adam Bazinet for assistance with data analyses,Kentaro Hosaka,Shinobu Inoue,Takao Kobayashi,Tsuyoshi Hosoya,Yousuke Degawa for hosting a collecting trip to Japan and Yuuri Hirooka for coordinating the visit,Christian Feuillet and Drew Minnis for discussions about nomenclature,Ryan Vo and Tunesha Phipps for technical assistance,and Larissa Vasilyeva,Alain Gardiennet,Yannick Mourgues,Marc Chovillon,Jacques Fornier,and Mikhail Sogonov for collection of fresh specimens for examination.
文摘Species of Ophiognomonia are leaf-inhabiting endophytes,pathogens,and saprobes that infect plants in the families Betulaceae,Fagaceae,Juglandaceae,Lauraceae,Malvaceae,Platanaceae,Rosaceae,Salicaceae,and Sapindaceae.Based on extensive collecting,this speciesrich genus is now known to have a world wide distribution in primarily temperate areas,although some species are known from the subtropics.Analyses of DNA sequences from three markers including guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-like protein(MS204),translation elongation factor 1α(tef-1α),and the ITS region including ITS1,5.8 S rDNA and ITS2 regions(ITS)were used to define phylogenetic species in Ophiognomonia.Host plant association correlated with these species.Twenty-five new species of Ophiognomonia and two new combinations are proposed with descriptions and illustrations.In addition,descriptions and illustrations are provided for 12 other species of Ophiognomonia.A key is provided to the 45 currently accepted species of Ophiognomonia.The disposition of additional names in Ophiognomonia is also discussed.
基金funded by a grant from United States National Science Foundation(PEET program)DEB-0925696:“Monographic Studies in the Nectriaceae,Hypocreales:Nectria,Cosmospora,and Neonectria”to University of Maryland(P.Chaverri,G.J.Samuels&A.Y.Rossman).
文摘Specimens regarded as Thelonectria discophora(Thelonectria,Nectriaceae,Hypocreales)constitute a conspicuous group of saprobic fungi on decaying plant material,characterized by red perithecia each with a broad mammiform(nipple-like)apex.The asexual state is characterized by a cylindrocarpon-like morphology,with 3–5 septate macroconidia,unicellular microconidia and chlamydospores that are rarely produced in culture.In the past,T.discophora was regarded as one species with a wide geographic distribution.However,a recent study rejected the monophyly and cosmopolitan distribution of this species,and showed the existence of at least 16 cryptic species distributed in three main groups.By combining the results of phylogenetic analyses of six nuclear loci and morphological studies,we revised the taxonomy of the T.discophora species complex,resulting in the description of 12 new species and four new combinations based on historic names.Even though molecular phylogenetic analyses strongly support the segregation of these species,and are in agreement with previous studies,individual diagnostic morphological characters for each species could not be identified.However,discrete morphological traits corresponding to each of the three main groups of species were discovered.Lineages could be differentiated based on the average values of morphological traits as well as the presence/absence of characteristic asexual propagules and colony growth at 30C.Descriptions,illustrations are provided for the recognized species.
基金funded by the United States National Science Foundation (NSF) PEET grant DEB-0731510 ‘Monographic Studies in the Nectriaceae,Hypocreales:Nectria,Cosmospora,and Neonectria’ to P. Chaverri,A.Y. Rossman,and G.J. Samuels
基金This work was funded by the National Science Foundation Partnerships for Enhancing Expertise in Taxonomy(NSF 03-28364)ZLY was supported by the Hundred Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences。
文摘Microfungi in the Gnomoniaceae(Diaporthales,Ascomycetes)comprise species commonly reported as pathogens and endophytes on trees and herbaceous hosts primarily from temperate forests of North America,Europe,and Japan.The diversity of Gnomoniaceae in China is poorly known,although several plant families that occur there specifically the Betulaceae are considered important hosts.An exploratory trip to Yunnan,China,resulted in the discovery of several members of the Gnomoniaceae.In this paper a new monotypic genus,Occultocarpon and its species,O.ailaoshanense,are described and illustrated.A phylogeny based on three genes(LSU,rpb2,tef1-α)reveals that O.ailaoshanense belongs to the Gnomoniaceae and forms a branch distinct from the currently known genera.Occultocarpon ailaoshanense is characterized by perithecia with thin,central to eccentric necks in groups embedded in a stroma and oblong elliptical-elongated,one-septate ascospores.Occultocarpon ailaoshanense occurs on the bark of branches of Alnus nepalensis(Betulaceae)in Yunnan,China.
