Potassium(K) and phosphorus(P) applications improve growth,increase yield and yield components of sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.) on K and P deficient soils in Northwest Pakistan.A field experiment was conducted using...Potassium(K) and phosphorus(P) applications improve growth,increase yield and yield components of sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.) on K and P deficient soils in Northwest Pakistan.A field experiment was conducted using sunflower cv.Hysun-33 at the New Developmental Research Farm of KPK Agricultural University,Peshawar,Pakistan,during summer 2006.The experimental design was a randomized complete block in split plot arrangements,with six levels of K(0,25,50,75,100,and 125 kg K ha-1) as main plots and four levels of P(0,45,90,and 135 kg P ha-1) as sub-plots with three replications.Sunflower yield and yield components responded positively to K and P fertilization but the magnitude of response varied with the levels of K and P.Days to flowering and maturity,grains per head,1000-grain weight,shelling percentage,and grain yield increased tremendously in the K and P-fertilized plots as compared to the control with no K and P applied.The combined application of 100 kg K and 45 kg P ha-1 significantly increased yield components,grain yield,harvest index,and shelling percentage of sunflower,suggesting that 100 kg K ha-1 in combination with 45 kg P ha-1 could maximize productivity of sunflower planted after wheat on the K and P deficient soils in the study area.展开更多
A field experiment was conducted using a split plot randomized complete block design with three replications to study the effects of potassium (K) and phosphorus (P) application on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) gro...A field experiment was conducted using a split plot randomized complete block design with three replications to study the effects of potassium (K) and phosphorus (P) application on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) growth at the New Developmental Research Farm of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Agricultural University in Peshawar,Pakistan.Six levels of K (0,25,50,75,100 and 125 kg K ha-1) were main plots while four levels of P (0,45,90 and 135 kg P ha-1) were subplots.Increase in both K and P levels enhanced grain oil concentration of sunflower.Increase in P level increased grain protein concentration,while increase in K level decreased grain protein concentration.Both oil and protein yields increased significantly with increase in K and P levels.The increase in oil and protein yields of sunflower was mainly attributed to the improvement in yield components (grains per head,grain weight and head size) and the significant increase in grain yield.The highest net returns of 297 and 368 US$ ha-1 based on grain and oil yields,respectively,were obtained from a combination of 100 kg K ha-1 + 45 kg P ha-1.展开更多
1 Introduction? Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) has increasingly become an important management opportunity for patients with stage D heart failure (HF) with remarkable impact on patient survival and quality of l...1 Introduction? Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) has increasingly become an important management opportunity for patients with stage D heart failure (HF) with remarkable impact on patient survival and quality of life. Early clinical trials have demonstrated improved outcomes of durable left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support compared with optimal medical management.[1] As technology advanced, continuous flow LVADs outperformed pulsatile flow devices in clinical trials and the field migrated to HeartMate (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL) and HeartWare (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN) devices due to their clinical superiority. Among the continuous flow devices.展开更多
In this paper, we present a numerical simulation of a water jet impacting a new aeronautical material Ti555-03 plate.The Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) behavior of the jet is investigated using a FV(Finite Volume) ...In this paper, we present a numerical simulation of a water jet impacting a new aeronautical material Ti555-03 plate.The Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) behavior of the jet is investigated using a FV(Finite Volume) method.The Fluid–Structure Interaction(FSI) is studied using a coupled SPH(Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics)-FE(Finite Element) method. The jets hit the metal sheet with an initial velocity 500 m/s. Two configurations which differ from each other by the position(angle of inclination) of the plate relatively to the axis of revolution of the jet inlet are investigated in this study. The objective of this study is to predict the impact of the fluid produced at high pressure and high speed especially at the first moment of impact. Numerical simulations are carried out under ABAQUS. We have shown in this study that the inclination of the titanium alloy plate by 45° stimulates the phenomenon of recirculation of water. This affects the velocity profile, turbulence and boundary layers in the impact zone. The stagnation zone and the phenomenon of water recirculation are strongly influenced by the slope of the plate which gives a pressure gradient and displacement very important between the two configurations. Fluctuations of physical variables(displacement and pressure) prove the need for a noise and vibratory study. These predictions will subsequently be used for the modeling of the problem of an orthogonal cut in a high-speed machining process assisted by high-pressure water jet.展开更多
Optical emission spectroscopy is used to investigate the nitrogen-hydrogen with trace rare gas （4% Ar） plasma generated by 50 Hz pulsed DC discharges. The filling pressure varies from 1 mbar to 5 mbar and the curren...Optical emission spectroscopy is used to investigate the nitrogen-hydrogen with trace rare gas （4% Ar） plasma generated by 50 Hz pulsed DC discharges. The filling pressure varies from 1 mbar to 5 mbar and the current density ranges from 1 mA-cm-2 to 4 mA.cm-2. The hydrogen concentration in the mixture plasma varies from 0% to 80%, with the objective of identifying the optimum pressure, current density and hydrogen concentration for active species （[N] and IN2]） generation. It is observed that in an N2-H2 gas mixture, the concentration of N atom density decreases with filling pressure and increases with current density, with other parameters of the discharge kept unchanged. The maximum concentrations of active species were found for 40% H2 in the mixture at 3 mbar pressure and current density of 4 mA.cm-2.展开更多
A glow discharge plasma nitriding reactor in the presence of an active screen cage is optimized in terms of current density,filling pressure and hydrogen concentrations using optical emission spectroscopy（OES）.The s...A glow discharge plasma nitriding reactor in the presence of an active screen cage is optimized in terms of current density,filling pressure and hydrogen concentrations using optical emission spectroscopy（OES）.The samples of AISI 304 are nitrided for different treatment times under optimum conditions.The treated samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction（XRD） to explore the changes induced in the crystallographic structure.The XRD pattern confirmed the formation of iron and chromium nitrides arising from incorporation of nitrogen as an interstitial solid solution in the iron lattice.A Vickers microhardness tester was used to evaluate the surface hardness as a function of treatment time（h）.The results showed clear evidence of improved surface hardness and a substantial amount of decrease in the treatment time compared with the previous work.展开更多
Recycled polystyrene （PS） cups were chopped up and separately incorporated with multiwall carbon nanotubes （MWCNTs） and NiZn ferrite （Ni0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4） nanoparticles prior to electrospinning under different condi...Recycled polystyrene （PS） cups were chopped up and separately incorporated with multiwall carbon nanotubes （MWCNTs） and NiZn ferrite （Ni0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4） nanoparticles prior to electrospinning under different conditions. These nanoscale inclusions were initially dispersed well in dimethylformamide （DMF）, and then known amounts of the recycled PS pieces were added to the dispersions prior to 30 min of sonication followed by 4 h of high-speed agitation at 750 r/min. The thermal, dielectric, surface hydrophobic, and magnetic properties of the resultant nanocomposite fibers were determined by thermal comparative, capacitance bridge, vibrating sample magnetometer （VSM）, and goniometer techniques, respectively. Test results confirmed that the physical properties of recycled nanofibers were significantly increased as a function of the inclusion concentrations, which may be because of their excellent properties. The consumption of polymeric products as well as their waste materials has dramatically grown worldwide. Although plastic recycling, reprocessing, and reusing rates are growing, the physical properties and economic value of recycled plastics are significantly low. Consequently, this work provides a detailed explanation of how to improve recycled plastics, making them into highly valued new nanoproducts for various industrial applications, including filtration, textile, transportation, construction, and energy.展开更多
Purpose The Large Hadron Collider(LHC)at European Organization for Nuclear Research is planned to be upgraded to the high luminosity LHC.Increasing the luminosity makes muon triggering reliable and offline reconstructi...Purpose The Large Hadron Collider(LHC)at European Organization for Nuclear Research is planned to be upgraded to the high luminosity LHC.Increasing the luminosity makes muon triggering reliable and offline reconstruction very challenging.To enhance the redundancy of the Compact Muon Solenoid(CMS)Muon system and resolve the ambiguity of track reconstruction in the forward region,an improved Resistive Plate Chamber(iRPC)with excellent time resolution will be installed in the Phase-2 CMS upgrade.The iRPC will be equipped with Front-End Electronics(FEE),which can perform high-precision time measurements of signals from both ends of the strip.New Back-End Electronics(BEE)need to be researched and developed to provide sophisticated functionalities such as interacting with FEE with shared links for fast,slow control(SC)and data,in addition to trigger primitives(TPs)generation and data acquisition(DAQ).Method The BEE prototype uses a homemade hardware board compatible with the MTCA standard,the back-end board(BEB).BEE interacts with FEE via a bidirectional 4.8 Gbps optical paired-link that integrates clock,data,and control information.The clock and fast/slow control commands are distributed from BEB to the FEE via the downlink.The uplink is used for BEB to receive the time information of the iRPC’sfired strips and the responses to the fast/slow control commands.To have a pipelined detector data for clusterfinding operation,recover(DeMux)the time relationship of which is changed due to the transmission protocol for the continuous incoming MUXed data from FEE.Then at each bunch crossing(BX),clusteringfired strips that satisfy time and spatial constraints to generate TPs.Both incoming raw MUXed detector data and TPs in a time window and latency based on the trigger signal are read out to the DAQ system.Gigabit Ethernet(GbE)of SiTCP and commercial 10-GbE are used as link standards for SC and DAQ,respectively,for the BEB to interact with the server.Results The joint test results of the BEB with iRPC and Front-End Board(展开更多
This article reports the simultaneous properties of variable conductivity and chemical reaction in stagnation point flow of magneto Maxwell nanofluid.The Buongiorno’s theory has been established to picture the induce...This article reports the simultaneous properties of variable conductivity and chemical reaction in stagnation point flow of magneto Maxwell nanofluid.The Buongiorno’s theory has been established to picture the inducement of Brownian and thermophrotic diffusions effects.Additionally,the aspect of heat sink/source is reported.The homotopic analysis method(HAM)has been worked out for the solution of nonlinear ODEs.The behavior of inferential variables on the velocity,temperature,concentration and local Nusselt number for Maxwell nanofluid are sketched and discussed.The attained outcomes specify that both the temperature and concentration of Maxwell fluid display analogous behavior,while the depiction of Brownian motion is quite conflicting on both temperature and concentration fields.It is further noted that the influence of variable thermal conductivity on temperature field is similar to that of Brownian motion parameter.Moreover,for the confirmation of our study comparison tables are reported.展开更多
This article investigates an unbiased analysis for the unsteady two-dimensional laminar flow of an incompressible, electrically and thermally conducting fluid across the space separated by two infinite rotating permea...This article investigates an unbiased analysis for the unsteady two-dimensional laminar flow of an incompressible, electrically and thermally conducting fluid across the space separated by two infinite rotating permeable walls.The influence of entropy generation, Hall and slip effects are considered within the flow analysis. The problem is modeled based on valid physical arguments and the unsteady system of dimensionless PDEs (partial differential equations) are solved with the help of Finite Difference Scheme. In the presence of pertinent parameters, the precise movement of the flow in terms of velocity, temperature, entropy generation rate, and Bejan numbers are presented graphically, which are parabolic in nature. Streamline profiles are also presented, which exemplify the accurate movement of the flow. The current study is one of the infrequent contributions to the existing literature as previous studies have not attempted to solve the system of high order non-linear PDEs for the unsteady flow with entropy generation and Hall effects in a permeable rotating channel. It is expected that the current analysis would provide a platform for solving the system of nonlinear PDEs of the other unexplored models that are associated to the two-dimensional unsteady flow in a rotating channel.展开更多
We investigate the dual solutions for the MHD flow of micropolar fluid over a stretching/shrinking sheet with heat transfer. Suitable relations transform the partial differential equations into the ordinary differenti...We investigate the dual solutions for the MHD flow of micropolar fluid over a stretching/shrinking sheet with heat transfer. Suitable relations transform the partial differential equations into the ordinary differential equations.Closed forms solutions are also obtained in terms of confluent hypergeometric function. This is the first attempt to determine the exact solutions for the non-linear equations of MHD micropolar fluid model. It is demonstrated that the microrotation parameter helps in increasing Nusselt number and the dual solutions exist for all fluid flow parameters under consideration. The dual behavior of dimensionless velocity, temperature, microrotation, skin-friction coefficient,local Nusselt number is displayed on graphs and examined.展开更多
In this article,we construct the generating functions for new families of special polynomials including two parametric kinds of Bell-based Bernoulli and Euler polynomials.Some fundamental properties of these functions...In this article,we construct the generating functions for new families of special polynomials including two parametric kinds of Bell-based Bernoulli and Euler polynomials.Some fundamental properties of these functions are given.By using these generating functions and some identities,relations among trigonometric functions and two parametric kinds of Bell-based Bernoulli and Euler polynomials,Stirling numbers are presented.Computational formulae for these polynomials are obtained.Applying a partial derivative operator to these generating functions,some derivative formulae and finite combinatorial sums involving the aforementioned polynomials and numbers are also obtained.In addition,some remarks and observations on these polynomials are given.展开更多
The current investigation aims to explore the combined effects of heat and mass transfer on free convection of Sodium alginate-Fe_(3)O_(4) based Brinkmann type nanofluid flow over a vertical rotating frame.The Tiwari ...The current investigation aims to explore the combined effects of heat and mass transfer on free convection of Sodium alginate-Fe_(3)O_(4) based Brinkmann type nanofluid flow over a vertical rotating frame.The Tiwari and Das nanofluid model is employed to examine the effects of dimensionless numbers,including Grashof,Eckert,and Schmidt numbers and governing parameters like solid volume fraction of nanoparticles,Hall current,magnetic field,viscous dissipation,and the chemical reaction on the physical quantities.The dimensionless nonlinear partial differential equations are solved using a finite difference method known as Runge-Kutta Fehlberg(RKF-45)method.The variation of dimensionless velocity,temperature,concentration,skin friction,heat,and mass transfer rate,as well as for entropy generation and Bejan number with governing parameters,are presented graphically and are provided in tabular form.The results reveal that the Nusselt number increases with an increase in the solid volume fraction of nanoparticles.Furthermore,the rate of entropy generation and Bejan number depends upon the magnetic field and the Eckert number.展开更多
In this numerical study,the effect of quartic autocatalysis type of chemical reaction,buoyancy force and thermal radiation phenomenon and magnetic effect on tangent hyperbolic nanofluid past an upper horizontal surfac...In this numerical study,the effect of quartic autocatalysis type of chemical reaction,buoyancy force and thermal radiation phenomenon and magnetic effect on tangent hyperbolic nanofluid past an upper horizontal surface of a paraboloid has been studied.By considering the Buongiorno model approach,a diffusion of unequal coefficients in the presence of gyrotactic microorganism is discussed.Implementation of microorganism’s idea is used to stabilize the nanoparticles through bioconvection.The modeled PDEs of the problems are converted into nonlinear ODEs with the assistant of the similarity transformations.To tackle nonlinear ODEs,MATLAB package bvp4c is used.In addition,a hallmark of the Matlab code with the reported results in the literature is achieved by benchmarking.The variations in motion,concentration,temperature,and motile density due to sundry parameters have been analyzed in-depth via graphs.Our analysis shows that the density profile of motile of microorganism is hiked with an increment in the bioconvection Rayleigh number but decreases for higher thermal Grashof number.展开更多
A mathematical model is presented for forced convective slip flow of a nanofluid past a radiating stretching/shrinking sheet.Melting boundary condition is taken into account.The nanofluid model involves the Brownian m...A mathematical model is presented for forced convective slip flow of a nanofluid past a radiating stretching/shrinking sheet.Melting boundary condition is taken into account.The nanofluid model involves the Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects.Lie group transformation is used to the transport equations as well as the boundary conditions to develop the similarity equations,before being solved numerically using the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg fourth-fifth order numerical method.To show the effects of the controlling parameters on the dimensionless velocity,temperature,nanoparticle volume fraction,skin friction factor,local Nusselt,and local Sherwood numbers,numerical results are presented both in graphical and tabular forms.It is found that the friction factor decreases with slip and melting parameters for both stretching/shrinking sheets.It is also found that the Nusselt number decreases with the first order slip while it increases with melting and radiation parameters in both cases.Also,the Sherwood number decreases with the melting parameter both for radiating and non-radiating stretching/shrinking sheets.An excellent agreement is found between the present numerical results and published results.展开更多
In this work,a steady,incompressible Williamson fluid model is investigated in a porous wavy channel.This situation arises in the reabsorption of useful substances from the glomerular filtrate in the kidney.After 80%r...In this work,a steady,incompressible Williamson fluid model is investigated in a porous wavy channel.This situation arises in the reabsorption of useful substances from the glomerular filtrate in the kidney.After 80%reabsorption,urine is left,which behaves like a thinning fluid.The laws of conservation of mass and momentum are used to model the physical problem.The analytical solution of the problem in terms of stream function is obtained by a regular perturbation expansion method.The asymptotic integration method for small wave amplitudes and the RK-Fehlberg method for pressure distribution has been used inside the channel.It is demonstrated that the forward flow becomes fast in the narrow region(at x=0.75),which dominates the upward flow inside the channel.To study the impact of model parameters on outputs,we applied normalized local sensitivity analysis and noticed that the most influential parameter for the longitudinal velocity profile is the dimensionless wave amplitude.The reabsorption parameter is sensitive for transverse velocity in the narrow region,and the Weissenberg number has a strong effect on the pressure inside the channel.Further,the least sensitive parameters for the velocity components and pressure have been identified.展开更多
文摘Potassium(K) and phosphorus(P) applications improve growth,increase yield and yield components of sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.) on K and P deficient soils in Northwest Pakistan.A field experiment was conducted using sunflower cv.Hysun-33 at the New Developmental Research Farm of KPK Agricultural University,Peshawar,Pakistan,during summer 2006.The experimental design was a randomized complete block in split plot arrangements,with six levels of K(0,25,50,75,100,and 125 kg K ha-1) as main plots and four levels of P(0,45,90,and 135 kg P ha-1) as sub-plots with three replications.Sunflower yield and yield components responded positively to K and P fertilization but the magnitude of response varied with the levels of K and P.Days to flowering and maturity,grains per head,1000-grain weight,shelling percentage,and grain yield increased tremendously in the K and P-fertilized plots as compared to the control with no K and P applied.The combined application of 100 kg K and 45 kg P ha-1 significantly increased yield components,grain yield,harvest index,and shelling percentage of sunflower,suggesting that 100 kg K ha-1 in combination with 45 kg P ha-1 could maximize productivity of sunflower planted after wheat on the K and P deficient soils in the study area.
文摘A field experiment was conducted using a split plot randomized complete block design with three replications to study the effects of potassium (K) and phosphorus (P) application on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) growth at the New Developmental Research Farm of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Agricultural University in Peshawar,Pakistan.Six levels of K (0,25,50,75,100 and 125 kg K ha-1) were main plots while four levels of P (0,45,90 and 135 kg P ha-1) were subplots.Increase in both K and P levels enhanced grain oil concentration of sunflower.Increase in P level increased grain protein concentration,while increase in K level decreased grain protein concentration.Both oil and protein yields increased significantly with increase in K and P levels.The increase in oil and protein yields of sunflower was mainly attributed to the improvement in yield components (grains per head,grain weight and head size) and the significant increase in grain yield.The highest net returns of 297 and 368 US$ ha-1 based on grain and oil yields,respectively,were obtained from a combination of 100 kg K ha-1 + 45 kg P ha-1.
文摘1 Introduction? Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) has increasingly become an important management opportunity for patients with stage D heart failure (HF) with remarkable impact on patient survival and quality of life. Early clinical trials have demonstrated improved outcomes of durable left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support compared with optimal medical management.[1] As technology advanced, continuous flow LVADs outperformed pulsatile flow devices in clinical trials and the field migrated to HeartMate (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL) and HeartWare (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN) devices due to their clinical superiority. Among the continuous flow devices.
基金financially supported by the University of Monastir(Tunisia)
文摘In this paper, we present a numerical simulation of a water jet impacting a new aeronautical material Ti555-03 plate.The Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) behavior of the jet is investigated using a FV(Finite Volume) method.The Fluid–Structure Interaction(FSI) is studied using a coupled SPH(Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics)-FE(Finite Element) method. The jets hit the metal sheet with an initial velocity 500 m/s. Two configurations which differ from each other by the position(angle of inclination) of the plate relatively to the axis of revolution of the jet inlet are investigated in this study. The objective of this study is to predict the impact of the fluid produced at high pressure and high speed especially at the first moment of impact. Numerical simulations are carried out under ABAQUS. We have shown in this study that the inclination of the titanium alloy plate by 45° stimulates the phenomenon of recirculation of water. This affects the velocity profile, turbulence and boundary layers in the impact zone. The stagnation zone and the phenomenon of water recirculation are strongly influenced by the slope of the plate which gives a pressure gradient and displacement very important between the two configurations. Fluctuations of physical variables(displacement and pressure) prove the need for a noise and vibratory study. These predictions will subsequently be used for the modeling of the problem of an orthogonal cut in a high-speed machining process assisted by high-pressure water jet.
基金supported by QAU URF,Pakistan Science Foundation(PSF)Project No.PSF/RES/Phys(152),HEC project 20-2002(R&D) and HEC project for Gomal University Plasma Physics Laboratorythe financial support of HEC for their doctoral studies under the indigenous fellowship scheme
文摘Optical emission spectroscopy is used to investigate the nitrogen-hydrogen with trace rare gas （4% Ar） plasma generated by 50 Hz pulsed DC discharges. The filling pressure varies from 1 mbar to 5 mbar and the current density ranges from 1 mA-cm-2 to 4 mA.cm-2. The hydrogen concentration in the mixture plasma varies from 0% to 80%, with the objective of identifying the optimum pressure, current density and hydrogen concentration for active species （[N] and IN2]） generation. It is observed that in an N2-H2 gas mixture, the concentration of N atom density decreases with filling pressure and increases with current density, with other parameters of the discharge kept unchanged. The maximum concentrations of active species were found for 40% H2 in the mixture at 3 mbar pressure and current density of 4 mA.cm-2.
基金supported by QAU URF,Pakistan Science Foundation(PSF)Project No.PSF/RES/Phys(152),HEC Project 20-2002(R&D)and HEC Project for Plasma Physics Laboratory Gomal University
文摘A glow discharge plasma nitriding reactor in the presence of an active screen cage is optimized in terms of current density,filling pressure and hydrogen concentrations using optical emission spectroscopy（OES）.The samples of AISI 304 are nitrided for different treatment times under optimum conditions.The treated samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction（XRD） to explore the changes induced in the crystallographic structure.The XRD pattern confirmed the formation of iron and chromium nitrides arising from incorporation of nitrogen as an interstitial solid solution in the iron lattice.A Vickers microhardness tester was used to evaluate the surface hardness as a function of treatment time（h）.The results showed clear evidence of improved surface hardness and a substantial amount of decrease in the treatment time compared with the previous work.
基金the Department of Energy(DE-EE0004167)the Wichita State University for financial and technical support to the present work
文摘Recycled polystyrene （PS） cups were chopped up and separately incorporated with multiwall carbon nanotubes （MWCNTs） and NiZn ferrite （Ni0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4） nanoparticles prior to electrospinning under different conditions. These nanoscale inclusions were initially dispersed well in dimethylformamide （DMF）, and then known amounts of the recycled PS pieces were added to the dispersions prior to 30 min of sonication followed by 4 h of high-speed agitation at 750 r/min. The thermal, dielectric, surface hydrophobic, and magnetic properties of the resultant nanocomposite fibers were determined by thermal comparative, capacitance bridge, vibrating sample magnetometer （VSM）, and goniometer techniques, respectively. Test results confirmed that the physical properties of recycled nanofibers were significantly increased as a function of the inclusion concentrations, which may be because of their excellent properties. The consumption of polymeric products as well as their waste materials has dramatically grown worldwide. Although plastic recycling, reprocessing, and reusing rates are growing, the physical properties and economic value of recycled plastics are significantly low. Consequently, this work provides a detailed explanation of how to improve recycled plastics, making them into highly valued new nanoproducts for various industrial applications, including filtration, textile, transportation, construction, and energy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12035018)the IHEP Innovation Fund(Y9545150U2)the National Key Programme for S&T Research and Development(Grant No.:2016YFA0400104).
文摘Purpose The Large Hadron Collider(LHC)at European Organization for Nuclear Research is planned to be upgraded to the high luminosity LHC.Increasing the luminosity makes muon triggering reliable and offline reconstruction very challenging.To enhance the redundancy of the Compact Muon Solenoid(CMS)Muon system and resolve the ambiguity of track reconstruction in the forward region,an improved Resistive Plate Chamber(iRPC)with excellent time resolution will be installed in the Phase-2 CMS upgrade.The iRPC will be equipped with Front-End Electronics(FEE),which can perform high-precision time measurements of signals from both ends of the strip.New Back-End Electronics(BEE)need to be researched and developed to provide sophisticated functionalities such as interacting with FEE with shared links for fast,slow control(SC)and data,in addition to trigger primitives(TPs)generation and data acquisition(DAQ).Method The BEE prototype uses a homemade hardware board compatible with the MTCA standard,the back-end board(BEB).BEE interacts with FEE via a bidirectional 4.8 Gbps optical paired-link that integrates clock,data,and control information.The clock and fast/slow control commands are distributed from BEB to the FEE via the downlink.The uplink is used for BEB to receive the time information of the iRPC’sfired strips and the responses to the fast/slow control commands.To have a pipelined detector data for clusterfinding operation,recover(DeMux)the time relationship of which is changed due to the transmission protocol for the continuous incoming MUXed data from FEE.Then at each bunch crossing(BX),clusteringfired strips that satisfy time and spatial constraints to generate TPs.Both incoming raw MUXed detector data and TPs in a time window and latency based on the trigger signal are read out to the DAQ system.Gigabit Ethernet(GbE)of SiTCP and commercial 10-GbE are used as link standards for SC and DAQ,respectively,for the BEB to interact with the server.Results The joint test results of the BEB with iRPC and Front-End Board(
基金the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work through Research Groups Program under Grant number (R.G. P2. /26/40)
文摘This article reports the simultaneous properties of variable conductivity and chemical reaction in stagnation point flow of magneto Maxwell nanofluid.The Buongiorno’s theory has been established to picture the inducement of Brownian and thermophrotic diffusions effects.Additionally,the aspect of heat sink/source is reported.The homotopic analysis method(HAM)has been worked out for the solution of nonlinear ODEs.The behavior of inferential variables on the velocity,temperature,concentration and local Nusselt number for Maxwell nanofluid are sketched and discussed.The attained outcomes specify that both the temperature and concentration of Maxwell fluid display analogous behavior,while the depiction of Brownian motion is quite conflicting on both temperature and concentration fields.It is further noted that the influence of variable thermal conductivity on temperature field is similar to that of Brownian motion parameter.Moreover,for the confirmation of our study comparison tables are reported.
基金Support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.51709191 and 51706149Key Laboratory of Advanced Reactor Engineering and Safety,Ministry of Education under Grant No.ARES-2018-10
文摘This article investigates an unbiased analysis for the unsteady two-dimensional laminar flow of an incompressible, electrically and thermally conducting fluid across the space separated by two infinite rotating permeable walls.The influence of entropy generation, Hall and slip effects are considered within the flow analysis. The problem is modeled based on valid physical arguments and the unsteady system of dimensionless PDEs (partial differential equations) are solved with the help of Finite Difference Scheme. In the presence of pertinent parameters, the precise movement of the flow in terms of velocity, temperature, entropy generation rate, and Bejan numbers are presented graphically, which are parabolic in nature. Streamline profiles are also presented, which exemplify the accurate movement of the flow. The current study is one of the infrequent contributions to the existing literature as previous studies have not attempted to solve the system of high order non-linear PDEs for the unsteady flow with entropy generation and Hall effects in a permeable rotating channel. It is expected that the current analysis would provide a platform for solving the system of nonlinear PDEs of the other unexplored models that are associated to the two-dimensional unsteady flow in a rotating channel.
文摘We investigate the dual solutions for the MHD flow of micropolar fluid over a stretching/shrinking sheet with heat transfer. Suitable relations transform the partial differential equations into the ordinary differential equations.Closed forms solutions are also obtained in terms of confluent hypergeometric function. This is the first attempt to determine the exact solutions for the non-linear equations of MHD micropolar fluid model. It is demonstrated that the microrotation parameter helps in increasing Nusselt number and the dual solutions exist for all fluid flow parameters under consideration. The dual behavior of dimensionless velocity, temperature, microrotation, skin-friction coefficient,local Nusselt number is displayed on graphs and examined.
基金funded by Research Deanship at the University of Ha’il,Saudi Arabia,through Project No.RG-21144.
文摘In this article,we construct the generating functions for new families of special polynomials including two parametric kinds of Bell-based Bernoulli and Euler polynomials.Some fundamental properties of these functions are given.By using these generating functions and some identities,relations among trigonometric functions and two parametric kinds of Bell-based Bernoulli and Euler polynomials,Stirling numbers are presented.Computational formulae for these polynomials are obtained.Applying a partial derivative operator to these generating functions,some derivative formulae and finite combinatorial sums involving the aforementioned polynomials and numbers are also obtained.In addition,some remarks and observations on these polynomials are given.
文摘The current investigation aims to explore the combined effects of heat and mass transfer on free convection of Sodium alginate-Fe_(3)O_(4) based Brinkmann type nanofluid flow over a vertical rotating frame.The Tiwari and Das nanofluid model is employed to examine the effects of dimensionless numbers,including Grashof,Eckert,and Schmidt numbers and governing parameters like solid volume fraction of nanoparticles,Hall current,magnetic field,viscous dissipation,and the chemical reaction on the physical quantities.The dimensionless nonlinear partial differential equations are solved using a finite difference method known as Runge-Kutta Fehlberg(RKF-45)method.The variation of dimensionless velocity,temperature,concentration,skin friction,heat,and mass transfer rate,as well as for entropy generation and Bejan number with governing parameters,are presented graphically and are provided in tabular form.The results reveal that the Nusselt number increases with an increase in the solid volume fraction of nanoparticles.Furthermore,the rate of entropy generation and Bejan number depends upon the magnetic field and the Eckert number.
文摘In this numerical study,the effect of quartic autocatalysis type of chemical reaction,buoyancy force and thermal radiation phenomenon and magnetic effect on tangent hyperbolic nanofluid past an upper horizontal surface of a paraboloid has been studied.By considering the Buongiorno model approach,a diffusion of unequal coefficients in the presence of gyrotactic microorganism is discussed.Implementation of microorganism’s idea is used to stabilize the nanoparticles through bioconvection.The modeled PDEs of the problems are converted into nonlinear ODEs with the assistant of the similarity transformations.To tackle nonlinear ODEs,MATLAB package bvp4c is used.In addition,a hallmark of the Matlab code with the reported results in the literature is achieved by benchmarking.The variations in motion,concentration,temperature,and motile density due to sundry parameters have been analyzed in-depth via graphs.Our analysis shows that the density profile of motile of microorganism is hiked with an increment in the bioconvection Rayleigh number but decreases for higher thermal Grashof number.
基金Universiti Sains Malaysia,RU Grant 1001/PMATHS/81125.
文摘A mathematical model is presented for forced convective slip flow of a nanofluid past a radiating stretching/shrinking sheet.Melting boundary condition is taken into account.The nanofluid model involves the Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects.Lie group transformation is used to the transport equations as well as the boundary conditions to develop the similarity equations,before being solved numerically using the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg fourth-fifth order numerical method.To show the effects of the controlling parameters on the dimensionless velocity,temperature,nanoparticle volume fraction,skin friction factor,local Nusselt,and local Sherwood numbers,numerical results are presented both in graphical and tabular forms.It is found that the friction factor decreases with slip and melting parameters for both stretching/shrinking sheets.It is also found that the Nusselt number decreases with the first order slip while it increases with melting and radiation parameters in both cases.Also,the Sherwood number decreases with the melting parameter both for radiating and non-radiating stretching/shrinking sheets.An excellent agreement is found between the present numerical results and published results.
文摘In this work,a steady,incompressible Williamson fluid model is investigated in a porous wavy channel.This situation arises in the reabsorption of useful substances from the glomerular filtrate in the kidney.After 80%reabsorption,urine is left,which behaves like a thinning fluid.The laws of conservation of mass and momentum are used to model the physical problem.The analytical solution of the problem in terms of stream function is obtained by a regular perturbation expansion method.The asymptotic integration method for small wave amplitudes and the RK-Fehlberg method for pressure distribution has been used inside the channel.It is demonstrated that the forward flow becomes fast in the narrow region(at x=0.75),which dominates the upward flow inside the channel.To study the impact of model parameters on outputs,we applied normalized local sensitivity analysis and noticed that the most influential parameter for the longitudinal velocity profile is the dimensionless wave amplitude.The reabsorption parameter is sensitive for transverse velocity in the narrow region,and the Weissenberg number has a strong effect on the pressure inside the channel.Further,the least sensitive parameters for the velocity components and pressure have been identified.
