The choice of this investigation is to tune the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) parameters separately for controlling the moisture content in paper industry by using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). This pape...The choice of this investigation is to tune the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) parameters separately for controlling the moisture content in paper industry by using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). This paper boon a new algorithm for PID controller tuning based particle swarm optimization. PSO algorithm has recently developed as a very powerful method for real parameter optimization. This new process is proposed to combine both the algorithms to get better optimization values. The proposed algorithm tuned the PID parameters and its performance has been compared with PID algorithm. Compared to PID algorithm technique, dynamic performance requirements such as rise time settling time and peak overshoot optimal values produced by PSO. The plant model represented by the transfer function is obtained by the system identification toolbox.展开更多
Motive of the study is to present quantitative and qualitative analysis and comparison of beam data measurement with FF (flattening filter) and FFF (flattening filter free) beam in a Varian TrueBeam<sup>TM</s...Motive of the study is to present quantitative and qualitative analysis and comparison of beam data measurement with FF (flattening filter) and FFF (flattening filter free) beam in a Varian TrueBeam<sup>TM</sup> Medical Linear Accelerator. Critique of beam characterization and evolution of dosimetric properties for 6 MV, 10 MV, 15 MV FF beam and 6 MVFFF, 10 MVFFF FFF beam has been carried out. We performed the comparison of photon beam data for two standard FF photon energy 6 MV, 10 MV verses 6 MVFFF, and 10 MVFFF FFF beam. Determination and comparison of parameter involved PDD (Percentage depth dose), Depth dose profile, Symmetry, Flatness, Quality index, Relative output factor, Penumbra, Transmission factor, DLG (Dosimetric leaf gap), in addition to degree of Un-flatness and off-axis ratio of FFF beam. Outcomes of presenting study had shown that change of various parameters such as Percentage depth dose curves, Shape of the depth dose profile, Transmission, Value of quality index and significant rise in surface dose for FFF in comparison with FF beam. Differences in the output factor at lower and higher field sizes for FFF beam compared to that of FF beam were found. The maximum output factor deviation between 6 MV and 6 MVFFF was found to be 4.55%, whereas in 10 MV and 10 MVFFF was 5.71%. Beam quality TPR20/10 for FFF beam was found to be lesser in magnitude, 5.42% for 6 MVFFF whereas 4.50% for 10 MVFFF compared to 6 MV and 10 MV FF beam respectively. Jaw transmission and interleaf leakage for FFF beam were found to be lesser than FF beam. Also DLG for FFF beam was found to be lesser in magnitude comparable to that of flattened beam. This study is mainly inclined towards evaluation and comparison of the FF and FFF beam. It has been observed that, the outcome of a commissioning beam data generation fully complies with vendor specification and published literature.展开更多
<span style="font-family:Verdana;">The demand of fresh water is becoming an increasingly important issue acro</span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="&...<span style="font-family:Verdana;">The demand of fresh water is becoming an increasingly important issue acro</span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ss the world. To alleviate this problem, a single slope single basin solar still was desig</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ned and tested. Top glass cover 9<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span> slope ensures a very good transmission of solar radiation inside the still.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> In this paper a review of factors that improve the performance of the still is presented. Energy balances are made f</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">or each element of the still;solar time, direction of beam of radiati</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">on, clear sky</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> radiation, optical properties of the cover, convec</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tion outside the still, convection and evaporation inside are accounted. Theoretical analysis of the heat and mass transfer mechanisms inside the solar still has been developed to find out heat transfer coefficients such as internal and external heat transfer modes and thermo physical properties such as dynamic viscosity, density, thermal conductivity, latent heat of evaporation and saturated vapor pressure for passive solar distillation system. Heat transfer coefficients were estimated for the present system since the still efficiency depends on heat transfer modes. It is </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">also suggested that the water temperature plays a vital role in the distilla</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">te output since it increases significantly with the rise of basin water temperature. It is also found that the rise in water temperature increases the evaporative heat transfer coefficient value significantly.</span></span></span></span>展开更多
This paper deals with implementation of Sinusoidal Pulse-Width-Modulation (SPWM) for a single-phase hybrid power filter generator for Photovoltaic (PV) and wind grid applications. Using policy iteration algorithm, an ...This paper deals with implementation of Sinusoidal Pulse-Width-Modulation (SPWM) for a single-phase hybrid power filter generator for Photovoltaic (PV) and wind grid applications. Using policy iteration algorithm, an improved variable step-size perturbation and observation algorithm is contrived and it is implemented proficiently using a hard-ware description language (VHDL) (Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language). Subsequently, the new generated grid source supplements the existing grid power in rural houses during its cut off or restricted supply period. The software is used for generating SPWM modulation integrated with a solar-power & wind power grid system which is implemented on the Spartan 3 FPGA. The proposed algorithm performs as a conventional controller in terms of tracking speed and mitigating fluctuation output power in steady state operation which is shown in the experimental results with a commercial PV array and HPW (Height Weight Proportional) show. Simulation results demonstrate the validity with load of the proposed algorithm.展开更多
This paper signifies the study of modeling and simulation of a single phase matrix converter for induction heating system. The working principle and the control method, using PID are revealing in detail. The performan...This paper signifies the study of modeling and simulation of a single phase matrix converter for induction heating system. The working principle and the control method, using PID are revealing in detail. The performance of the system is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink environment with pulse width modulation switching strategy by varying the duty cycle. PID control is employed to obtain the better performance for a specified input supply for various output frequencies. The proposed control strategy of AC to AC converter has been discussed with a wide range of operating frequencies and results in low Total Harmonic Distortion.展开更多
The main research objective in wireless sensor networks (WSN) domain is to develop algorithms and protocols to ensure minimal energy consumption with maximum network lifetime. In this paper, we propose a novel design ...The main research objective in wireless sensor networks (WSN) domain is to develop algorithms and protocols to ensure minimal energy consumption with maximum network lifetime. In this paper, we propose a novel design for energy harvesting sensor node and cross-layered MAC protocol using three adjacent layers (Physical, MAC and Network) to economize energy for WSN. The basic idea behind our protocol is to re-energize the neighboring nodes using the radio frequency (RF) energy transmitted by the active nodes. This can be achieved by designing new energy harvesting sensor node and redesigning the MAC protocol. The results show that the proposed cross layer CL_EHSN improves the life time of the WSN by 40%.展开更多
This paper focuses on the design of the inverter power stage connected with PV-grid which supports the contrived PV system. The increased number of grid connected photovoltaic (PV) inverters gave rise to problems conc...This paper focuses on the design of the inverter power stage connected with PV-grid which supports the contrived PV system. The increased number of grid connected photovoltaic (PV) inverters gave rise to problems concerning the stability and safety of the utility grid, as well as power quality issues. The proposed systems can overcome these issues and improve standard regulation methods for gird connected PV inverter. The maximum available voltage in the PV string is tracked by the power stage which has been planned and designed in such a way. The tracked voltage is boosted then. The important components to voltage source inverter (VSI) are boost inductor and input capacitor which are calculated. To get a clear sinusoidal output phase voltage of 230 V from a DC capacitance bus projected to deal with 400 V, the important inverter stage parameters have been planned and modeled in Mat lab. Each block stage of the converter is easily understandable by the Simlink of the dual stage DC-AC converter explanation. The control schemes which have been proposed would compromise with the inverter power stage which forms the neat grid system. The existing renewable energy sources in the laboratory are integrated by the proposed control.展开更多
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) have been recognized as a biologically distinctive tumor type, different from smooth muscle and neural tumors of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). They constitute the majority o...Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) have been recognized as a biologically distinctive tumor type, different from smooth muscle and neural tumors of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). They constitute the majority of gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors of the GIT and are known to be refractory to conventional chemotherapy or radiation. They are defined and diagnosed by the expression of a proto-oncogene protein detected by immunohistochemistry which serves as a crucial diagnostic and therapeutic target. The identification of these mutations has resulted in a better understanding of their oncogenic mechanisms. The remarkable antitumor effects of the molecular inhibitor imatinib have necessitated accurate diagnosis of GIST and their distinction from other gastrointestinal mes-enchymal tumors. Both traditional and minimally invasive surgery are used to remove these tumors with minimal morbidity and excellent perioperative outcomes. The revolutionary use of specific, molecularlytargeted therapies, such as imatinib mesylate, reduces the frequency of disease recurrence when used as an adjuvant following complete resection. Neoadjuvant treatment with these agents appears to stabilize disease in the majority of patients and may reduce the extent of surgical resection required for subsequent complete tumor removal. The important interplay between the molecular genetics of GIST and responses to targeted therapeutics serves as a model for the study of targeted therapies in other solid tumors. This review summarizes our current knowledge and recent advances regarding the histogenesis, pathology, molecular biology, the basis for the novel targeted cancer therapy and current evidence based management of these unique tumors.展开更多
Curative therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),such as resection and liver transplantation,can only be applied in selected patients with early tumors.More advanced stages require local or systemic therapies.Rese...Curative therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),such as resection and liver transplantation,can only be applied in selected patients with early tumors.More advanced stages require local or systemic therapies.Resection of HCC offers the only hope for cure.Even in patients undergoing resection,recurrences are common.Chemoembolization,a technique combining intraarterial chemotherapy with selective tumor ischemia,has been shown by randomized controlled trials to be efficacious in the palliative setting.There is now renewed interest in transarterial embolization/transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) with regards to its use as a palliative tool in a combined modality approach,as a neoadjuvant therapy,in bridging therapy before transplantation,for symptomatic indications,and even as an alternative to resection.There have also been rapid advances in the agents being embolized trans-arterially(genes,biological response modifiers,etc.).The current review provides an evidence-based overview of the past,present and future trends of TACE in patients with HCC.展开更多
文摘The choice of this investigation is to tune the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) parameters separately for controlling the moisture content in paper industry by using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). This paper boon a new algorithm for PID controller tuning based particle swarm optimization. PSO algorithm has recently developed as a very powerful method for real parameter optimization. This new process is proposed to combine both the algorithms to get better optimization values. The proposed algorithm tuned the PID parameters and its performance has been compared with PID algorithm. Compared to PID algorithm technique, dynamic performance requirements such as rise time settling time and peak overshoot optimal values produced by PSO. The plant model represented by the transfer function is obtained by the system identification toolbox.
文摘Motive of the study is to present quantitative and qualitative analysis and comparison of beam data measurement with FF (flattening filter) and FFF (flattening filter free) beam in a Varian TrueBeam<sup>TM</sup> Medical Linear Accelerator. Critique of beam characterization and evolution of dosimetric properties for 6 MV, 10 MV, 15 MV FF beam and 6 MVFFF, 10 MVFFF FFF beam has been carried out. We performed the comparison of photon beam data for two standard FF photon energy 6 MV, 10 MV verses 6 MVFFF, and 10 MVFFF FFF beam. Determination and comparison of parameter involved PDD (Percentage depth dose), Depth dose profile, Symmetry, Flatness, Quality index, Relative output factor, Penumbra, Transmission factor, DLG (Dosimetric leaf gap), in addition to degree of Un-flatness and off-axis ratio of FFF beam. Outcomes of presenting study had shown that change of various parameters such as Percentage depth dose curves, Shape of the depth dose profile, Transmission, Value of quality index and significant rise in surface dose for FFF in comparison with FF beam. Differences in the output factor at lower and higher field sizes for FFF beam compared to that of FF beam were found. The maximum output factor deviation between 6 MV and 6 MVFFF was found to be 4.55%, whereas in 10 MV and 10 MVFFF was 5.71%. Beam quality TPR20/10 for FFF beam was found to be lesser in magnitude, 5.42% for 6 MVFFF whereas 4.50% for 10 MVFFF compared to 6 MV and 10 MV FF beam respectively. Jaw transmission and interleaf leakage for FFF beam were found to be lesser than FF beam. Also DLG for FFF beam was found to be lesser in magnitude comparable to that of flattened beam. This study is mainly inclined towards evaluation and comparison of the FF and FFF beam. It has been observed that, the outcome of a commissioning beam data generation fully complies with vendor specification and published literature.
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;">The demand of fresh water is becoming an increasingly important issue acro</span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ss the world. To alleviate this problem, a single slope single basin solar still was desig</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ned and tested. Top glass cover 9<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span> slope ensures a very good transmission of solar radiation inside the still.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> In this paper a review of factors that improve the performance of the still is presented. Energy balances are made f</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">or each element of the still;solar time, direction of beam of radiati</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">on, clear sky</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> radiation, optical properties of the cover, convec</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tion outside the still, convection and evaporation inside are accounted. Theoretical analysis of the heat and mass transfer mechanisms inside the solar still has been developed to find out heat transfer coefficients such as internal and external heat transfer modes and thermo physical properties such as dynamic viscosity, density, thermal conductivity, latent heat of evaporation and saturated vapor pressure for passive solar distillation system. Heat transfer coefficients were estimated for the present system since the still efficiency depends on heat transfer modes. It is </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">also suggested that the water temperature plays a vital role in the distilla</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">te output since it increases significantly with the rise of basin water temperature. It is also found that the rise in water temperature increases the evaporative heat transfer coefficient value significantly.</span></span></span></span>
文摘This paper deals with implementation of Sinusoidal Pulse-Width-Modulation (SPWM) for a single-phase hybrid power filter generator for Photovoltaic (PV) and wind grid applications. Using policy iteration algorithm, an improved variable step-size perturbation and observation algorithm is contrived and it is implemented proficiently using a hard-ware description language (VHDL) (Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language). Subsequently, the new generated grid source supplements the existing grid power in rural houses during its cut off or restricted supply period. The software is used for generating SPWM modulation integrated with a solar-power & wind power grid system which is implemented on the Spartan 3 FPGA. The proposed algorithm performs as a conventional controller in terms of tracking speed and mitigating fluctuation output power in steady state operation which is shown in the experimental results with a commercial PV array and HPW (Height Weight Proportional) show. Simulation results demonstrate the validity with load of the proposed algorithm.
文摘This paper signifies the study of modeling and simulation of a single phase matrix converter for induction heating system. The working principle and the control method, using PID are revealing in detail. The performance of the system is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink environment with pulse width modulation switching strategy by varying the duty cycle. PID control is employed to obtain the better performance for a specified input supply for various output frequencies. The proposed control strategy of AC to AC converter has been discussed with a wide range of operating frequencies and results in low Total Harmonic Distortion.
文摘The main research objective in wireless sensor networks (WSN) domain is to develop algorithms and protocols to ensure minimal energy consumption with maximum network lifetime. In this paper, we propose a novel design for energy harvesting sensor node and cross-layered MAC protocol using three adjacent layers (Physical, MAC and Network) to economize energy for WSN. The basic idea behind our protocol is to re-energize the neighboring nodes using the radio frequency (RF) energy transmitted by the active nodes. This can be achieved by designing new energy harvesting sensor node and redesigning the MAC protocol. The results show that the proposed cross layer CL_EHSN improves the life time of the WSN by 40%.
文摘This paper focuses on the design of the inverter power stage connected with PV-grid which supports the contrived PV system. The increased number of grid connected photovoltaic (PV) inverters gave rise to problems concerning the stability and safety of the utility grid, as well as power quality issues. The proposed systems can overcome these issues and improve standard regulation methods for gird connected PV inverter. The maximum available voltage in the PV string is tracked by the power stage which has been planned and designed in such a way. The tracked voltage is boosted then. The important components to voltage source inverter (VSI) are boost inductor and input capacitor which are calculated. To get a clear sinusoidal output phase voltage of 230 V from a DC capacitance bus projected to deal with 400 V, the important inverter stage parameters have been planned and modeled in Mat lab. Each block stage of the converter is easily understandable by the Simlink of the dual stage DC-AC converter explanation. The control schemes which have been proposed would compromise with the inverter power stage which forms the neat grid system. The existing renewable energy sources in the laboratory are integrated by the proposed control.
文摘Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) have been recognized as a biologically distinctive tumor type, different from smooth muscle and neural tumors of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). They constitute the majority of gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors of the GIT and are known to be refractory to conventional chemotherapy or radiation. They are defined and diagnosed by the expression of a proto-oncogene protein detected by immunohistochemistry which serves as a crucial diagnostic and therapeutic target. The identification of these mutations has resulted in a better understanding of their oncogenic mechanisms. The remarkable antitumor effects of the molecular inhibitor imatinib have necessitated accurate diagnosis of GIST and their distinction from other gastrointestinal mes-enchymal tumors. Both traditional and minimally invasive surgery are used to remove these tumors with minimal morbidity and excellent perioperative outcomes. The revolutionary use of specific, molecularlytargeted therapies, such as imatinib mesylate, reduces the frequency of disease recurrence when used as an adjuvant following complete resection. Neoadjuvant treatment with these agents appears to stabilize disease in the majority of patients and may reduce the extent of surgical resection required for subsequent complete tumor removal. The important interplay between the molecular genetics of GIST and responses to targeted therapeutics serves as a model for the study of targeted therapies in other solid tumors. This review summarizes our current knowledge and recent advances regarding the histogenesis, pathology, molecular biology, the basis for the novel targeted cancer therapy and current evidence based management of these unique tumors.
文摘Curative therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),such as resection and liver transplantation,can only be applied in selected patients with early tumors.More advanced stages require local or systemic therapies.Resection of HCC offers the only hope for cure.Even in patients undergoing resection,recurrences are common.Chemoembolization,a technique combining intraarterial chemotherapy with selective tumor ischemia,has been shown by randomized controlled trials to be efficacious in the palliative setting.There is now renewed interest in transarterial embolization/transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) with regards to its use as a palliative tool in a combined modality approach,as a neoadjuvant therapy,in bridging therapy before transplantation,for symptomatic indications,and even as an alternative to resection.There have also been rapid advances in the agents being embolized trans-arterially(genes,biological response modifiers,etc.).The current review provides an evidence-based overview of the past,present and future trends of TACE in patients with HCC.
