A heavy metal contaminated soil sample collected from a mine in Chonnam Province of South Korea was found to be a source of heavy metal adsorbing biosorbents. Chemical analyses showed high contents of lead （Pb） at 3...A heavy metal contaminated soil sample collected from a mine in Chonnam Province of South Korea was found to be a source of heavy metal adsorbing biosorbents. Chemical analyses showed high contents of lead （Pb） at 357 mg/kg and cyanide （CN） at 14.6 mg/kg in the soil. The experimental results showed that Penicillium sp. MRF-1 was the best lead resistant fungus among the four individual metal tolerant fungal species isolated from the soil. Molecular characterization of Penicillium sp. MRF-1 was determined using ITS regions sequences. Effects of pH, temperature and contact time on adsorption of Pb（Ⅱ） by Penicillium sp. MRF-1 were studied. Favorable conditions for maximum biosportion were found at pH 4 with 3 hr contact time. Biosorption of Pb（Ⅱ） gradually increased with increasing temperature. Efficient performance of the biosorbent was described using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Adsorption kinetics was studied using pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order models. Biosorbent Penicillium sp. MRF-1 showed the maximum desorption in alkali conditions. Consistent adsorption/desorption potential of the biosorbent in repetitive cycles validated the efficacy of it in large scale. SEM studies given notes on surface modification of fungal biomass under metal stress and FT-IR results showed the presence of amino groups in the surface structure of the biosorbent. In conclusion, the new biosorbent Penicillium sp. MRF- 1 may potentially be used as an inexpensive, easily cultivatable material for the removal of lead from aqueous solution.展开更多
Nowadays,infectious diseases persist as a global crisis by causing significant destruction to public health and the economic stability of countries worldwide.Especially bacterial infections remain a most severe concer...Nowadays,infectious diseases persist as a global crisis by causing significant destruction to public health and the economic stability of countries worldwide.Especially bacterial infections remain a most severe concern due to the prevalence and emergence of multi-drug resistance(MDR)and limitations with existing therapeutic options.Antibacterial photodynamic therapy(APDT)is a potential therapeutic modality that involves the systematic administration of photosensitizers(PSs),light,and molecular oxygen(O_(2))for coping with bacterial infections.Although the existing porphyrin and non-porphyrin PSs were effective in APDT,the poor solubility,limited efficacy against Gram-negative bacteria,and non-specific distribution hinder their clinical applications.Accordingly,to promote the efficiency of conventional PSs,various polymer-driven modification and function-alization strategies have been adopted to engineer multifunctional hybrid phototherapeutics.This review as-sesses recent advancements and state-of-the-art research in polymer-PSs hybrid materials developed for APDT applications.Further,the key research findings of the following aspects are considered in-depth with constructive discussions:i)PSs-integrated/functionalized polymeric composites through various molecular in-teractions;ii)PSs-deposited coatings on different substrates and devices to eliminate healthcare-associated in-fections;and iii)PSs-embedded films,scaffolds,and hydrogels for regenerative medicine applications.展开更多
Objective:To obtain Iuteolin and apigenin rich fraction from the ethanolic extract of Cynodon dactylon(L.)(C.dactylon) Pers and evaluate the fraction's cytotoxicity and anti-Chikungunya potential using Vero cells....Objective:To obtain Iuteolin and apigenin rich fraction from the ethanolic extract of Cynodon dactylon(L.)(C.dactylon) Pers and evaluate the fraction's cytotoxicity and anti-Chikungunya potential using Vero cells.Methods:The ethanolic extract of C.dactylon was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain anti-chikungunya virus(CHIKV) fraction.Reverse phase-HPLC and GC-MS studies were carried out to identily the major phytochemicals in the fraction using phylochemical standards.Cytotoxicity and the potential of the fraction against CHIKV were evaluated in vitro using Vero cells.Reduction in viral replication was assessed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) after treating the viral infected Vero cells with the fraction.Results:Reverse Phase-HPLC and GC-MS studies confirmed the presence of flavonoids,luteolin and apigenin as major phytochemicals in the anti-CHIKV ethanolic fraction of C.dactylon- The fraction was found to exhibit potent viral inhibitory activity(about 98%) at the concentration of 50 μg/mL as observed by reduction in cytopathic effect,and the cytotoxic concentration of the fraction was found to be 250 μg/mL.RT-PCR analyses indicated that the reduction in viral mRNA synthesis in fraction treated infected cells was much higher than the viral infected control cells.Conclusions:Luteolin and apigenin rich ethanolic fraction from C.dactylon can be utilized as a potential therapeutic agent against CHIKV infection as the fraction does not show cytotoxicity while inhibiting the virus.展开更多
Infectious diseases are indeed a lifelong threat to everyone irrespective of age, sex, lifestyle and socio-economic status. The infectious diseases have persisted among the prominent causes of death globally. Recently...Infectious diseases are indeed a lifelong threat to everyone irrespective of age, sex, lifestyle and socio-economic status. The infectious diseases have persisted among the prominent causes of death globally. Recently, re-emergence of Chikungunya viral infection harmed many in Asian and African countries. Chikungunya was considered as a major threat in developing and underdeveloped countries; the recent epidemiological outbreak of Chikungunya in La Reunion urges the global researchers to develop effective vaccine against this viral disease. In this review, Chikungunya, pathogenesis and epidemiology were briefly described.展开更多
ions in the ECG signal.The cardiologist and medical specialistfind numerous difficulties in the process of traditional approaches.The specified restrictions are eliminated in the proposed classifier.The fundamental ai...ions in the ECG signal.The cardiologist and medical specialistfind numerous difficulties in the process of traditional approaches.The specified restrictions are eliminated in the proposed classifier.The fundamental aim of this work is tofind the R-R interval.To analyze the blockage,different approaches are implemented,which make the computation as facile with high accuracy.The information are recovered from the MIT-BIH dataset.The retrieved data contain normal and pathological ECG signals.To obtain a noiseless signal,Gaborfilter is employed and to compute the amplitude of the signal,DCT-DOST(Discrete cosine based Discrete orthogonal stock well transform)is implemented.The amplitude is computed to detect the cardiac abnormality.The R peak of the underlying ECG signal is noted and the segment length of the ECG cycle is identified.The Genetic algorithm(GA)retrieves the primary highlights and the classifier integrates the data with the chosen attributes to optimize the identification.In addition,the GA helps in performing hereditary calculations to reduce the problem of multi-target enhancement.Finally,the RBFNN(Radial basis function neural network)is applied,which diminishes the local minima present in the signal.It shows enhancement in characterizing the ordinary and anomalous ECG signals.展开更多
Background:Patients with bilateral chronic otitis media-mucosal type have been conventionally treated with sequential tympanoplasty.Bilateral simultaneous tympanoplasty is usually not preferred because of the theoreti...Background:Patients with bilateral chronic otitis media-mucosal type have been conventionally treated with sequential tympanoplasty.Bilateral simultaneous tympanoplasty is usually not preferred because of the theoretical risk of iatrogenic sensorineural hearing loss.With the advent of modern surgical instruments and surgical techniques,the risk is expected to be lower.This study compares the clinical outcomes in typeⅠtympanoplasty performed simultaneously and sequentially.Materials&methods:This randomized prospective study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital between August 2015 and July 2017.A total of 30 patients were divided into two groups of 15 each.This study analyzed the graft uptake,pure tone audiogram findings pre-and post-operatively,duration of surgery and number of hospital visit for each patient and the outco mes were co mpared between both the groups.Result:Patients undergoing bilateral simultaneous tympanoplasty had significantly lesser mean duration of surgery and number of hospital visits than the patients undergoing sequential tympanoplasty.Graft uptake and postoperative wound infections were similar in both the groups.Postoperative hearing improvement was significantly better in the bilateral simultaneous tympanoplasty group.However,further studies are needed to authenticate this observation.None of the patients had a postoperative deterioration of hearing or sensorineural hearing loss.Conclusion:Bilateral simultaneous tympanoplasty is not only feasible but also better than sequential tympanoplasty,especially in terms of operating time,follow-up and overall financial implications on the patient.展开更多
Facial Expression Recognition(FER)has been an interesting area of research in places where there is human-computer interaction.Human psychol-ogy,emotions and behaviors can be analyzed in FER.Classifiers used in FER hav...Facial Expression Recognition(FER)has been an interesting area of research in places where there is human-computer interaction.Human psychol-ogy,emotions and behaviors can be analyzed in FER.Classifiers used in FER have been perfect on normal faces but have been found to be constrained in occluded faces.Recently,Deep Learning Techniques(DLT)have gained popular-ity in applications of real-world problems including recognition of human emo-tions.The human face reflects emotional states and human intentions.An expression is the most natural and powerful way of communicating non-verbally.Systems which form communications between the two are termed Human Machine Interaction(HMI)systems.FER can improve HMI systems as human expressions convey useful information to an observer.This paper proposes a FER scheme called EECNN(Enhanced Convolution Neural Network with Atten-tion mechanism)to recognize seven types of human emotions with satisfying results in its experiments.Proposed EECNN achieved 89.8%accuracy in classi-fying the images.展开更多
It is critical in terms of approximate computation errors in VLSI multiplier circuits are increasing with technology scaling. The most common method for fast and energy efficient execution of multiplication result is ...It is critical in terms of approximate computation errors in VLSI multiplier circuits are increasing with technology scaling. The most common method for fast and energy efficient execution of multiplication result is approximation of operands. But this traditional approximate result is not suitable for image processing applications. This paper proposes the two architectures of high accurate hybrid segment approximate multiplier (HSAM) and enhanced HSAM for image compression. Existing static segment method based approximate multiplier is not suitable for certain accurate applications and dynamic segment method based approximate multiplier is not suitable for cost efficient applications. The proposed work combines the advantages of both static segment method and dynamic segment method to drive the efficiency in accuracy and cost. The proposed approximate multipliers HSAM8 × 8 and EHSAM8 × 8 provide 99.85% and 99.999% accuracy respectively for various inputs. The proposed HSAM consumes less energy with small increase of area overhead. The proposed EHSAM consumes less energy without any area overhead. The proposed HSAM and EHSAM is improved the speed by 40% and 85% compared to the existing SSM8 × 8 technique.展开更多
The world is heading towards renewable energy, but the two key disputes that stop its well-known adoption are the power production level and the price of the production. Distributed generation (DG), and hybrid systems...The world is heading towards renewable energy, but the two key disputes that stop its well-known adoption are the power production level and the price of the production. Distributed generation (DG), and hybrid systems with battery backup are the solution for uninterrupted power supply. It is obtained using the Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (NSGA II). Techno-economic methodology is used in this proposed system for the size optimization. The result is based on the system cost, in order to meet the load requirements. The effect of temporal sampling is optimized using low-rate temporal data. It is compared with hybrid DC microgrid, which has been optimized using high temporal resolution data.展开更多
An elegant and efficient synthesis of novel 1,2,3-triazole fused 2-aminopyrimidine hybrids has been accomplished for the first time in the green solvent viz, water. The hybrid molecules exhibit significant anti-bacter...An elegant and efficient synthesis of novel 1,2,3-triazole fused 2-aminopyrimidine hybrids has been accomplished for the first time in the green solvent viz, water. The hybrid molecules exhibit significant anti-bacterial activity when screened against three human pathogens viz. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In comparison to the commercially marketed drug tetracycline, some of them are equally potent and a few are more potent.展开更多
The brain of humans and other organisms is affected in various ways through the electromagneticfield(EMF)radiations generated by mobile phones and cell phone towers.Morphological variations in the brain are caused by t...The brain of humans and other organisms is affected in various ways through the electromagneticfield(EMF)radiations generated by mobile phones and cell phone towers.Morphological variations in the brain are caused by the neurological changes due to the revelation of EMF.Cellular level analysis is used to measure and detect the effect of mobile radiations,but its utilization seems very expensive,and it is a tedious process,where its analysis requires the preparation of cell suspension.In this regard,this research article proposes optimal broadcast-ing learning to detect changes in brain morphology due to the revelation of EMF.Here,Drosophila melanogaster acts as a specimen under the revelation of EMF.Automatic segmentation is performed for the brain to attain the microscopic images from the prejudicial geometrical characteristics that are removed to detect the effect of revelation of EMF.The geometrical characteristics of the brain image of that is microscopic segmented are analyzed.Analysis results reveal the occur-rence of several prejudicial characteristics that can be processed by machine learn-ing techniques.The important prejudicial characteristics are given to four varieties of classifiers such as naïve Bayes,artificial neural network,support vector machine,and unsystematic forest for the classification of open or nonopen micro-scopic image of D.melanogaster brain.The results are attained through various experimental evaluations,and the said classifiers perform well by achieving 96.44%using the prejudicial characteristics chosen by the feature selection meth-od.The proposed system is an optimal approach that automatically identifies the effect of revelation of EMF with minimal time complexity,where the machine learning techniques produce an effective framework for image processing.展开更多
Boerhavia diffusa （B. diffusa）, also known as Punarnava, is an indigenous plant in India and an important component in traditional Indian medicine. The accurate identification and collection of this medicinal herb i...Boerhavia diffusa （B. diffusa）, also known as Punarnava, is an indigenous plant in India and an important component in traditional Indian medicine. The accurate identification and collection of this medicinal herb is vital to enhance the drug＇s efficacy and biosafety. In this study, a DNA barcoding technique has been applied to identify and distinguish B. diffusa from its closely-related species. The phylogenetic analysis was carried out for the four species of Boerhavia using barcode candidates including nuclear ribosomal DNA regions ITS, ITS1, ITS2 and the chloroplast plastid gene psbA-trnH. Sequence alignment revealed 26% polymorphic sites in ITS, 30% in ITS1, 16% in ITS2 and 6% in psbA-trnH, respectively. Additionally, a phylogenetic tree was constructed for 15 species using ITS sequences which clearly distinguished B. diffusa from the other species. The ITS1 demonstrates a higher transition/transversion ratio, percentage of variation and pairwise distance which differentiate B. diffusa from other species of Boerhavia. Our study revealed that 1TS and ITS1 could be used as potential candidate regions for identifying B. diffusa and for authenticating its herbal products.展开更多
Antifreeze proteins（AFP） are produced by certain plants, animals, fungi and bacteria that enable them to survive upon extremely low temperature. Perennial rye grass, Lolium perenne, was reported to possess AFP which...Antifreeze proteins（AFP） are produced by certain plants, animals, fungi and bacteria that enable them to survive upon extremely low temperature. Perennial rye grass, Lolium perenne, was reported to possess AFP which protects them from cold environments. In the present investigation, we isolated AFP gene from L. perenne and expressed it in tomato plants to elucidate its role upon chilling stress. The T1 transgenic tomato lines were selected and subjected to molecular, biochemical and physiological analyses. Stable integration and transcription of Lp AFP in transgenic tomato plants was confirmed by Southern blot hybridization and RT-PCR, respectively. Physiological analyses under chilling conditions showed that the chilling stress induced physiological damage in wild type（WT） plants, while the transgenic plants remained healthy. Total sugar content increased gradually in both WT and transgenic plants throughout the chilling treatment. Interestingly, transgenic plants exhibited remarkable alterations in terms of relative water content（RWC） and electrolyte leakage index（ELI） than those of WT. RWC increased significantly by 3-fold and the electrolyte leakage was reduced by 2.6-fold in transgenic plants comparing with WT. Overall, this report proved that Lp AFP gene confers chilling tolerance in transgenic tomato plants and it could be a potential candidate to extrapolate the chilling tolerance on other chilling-sensitive food crops.展开更多
This research reports the processing of magnesium matrix composites reinforced with silicon carbide(SiC)and aluminium oxide(Al_(2)O_(3))using powder metallurgy technique through high energy milling.Samples of Mg-SiC a...This research reports the processing of magnesium matrix composites reinforced with silicon carbide(SiC)and aluminium oxide(Al_(2)O_(3))using powder metallurgy technique through high energy milling.Samples of Mg-SiC and Mg-Al_(2)O_(3)composites subjected to high energy ball milling for different vol%of secondary particles 20,30 and 40%of SiC and Al_(2)O_(3)are studied by X-Ray diffraction technique.The rietveld method as implemented in the Fullprof program is applied in order to determine the quantities of the resulting crystalline phases and amorphous phases at each stage of the mechanical treatment.Microstructural examination is carried out using Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM).In addition,crystal structural analysis using appropriate size and strain models is performed in order to handle the distinctive anistrophy that is observed in convinced crystallographic directions for the magnesium composite.The results are furnished in terms of crystalline domains size enlargement of the magnesium composites phases upon prolonged milling duration and discussed in the light of up to date views and theories on crystal growth of nanocrystaline materials.The hardness of the composite samples is calculated by Vickers’s Hardness tester.Further,dry sling wear test and corrosion test are performed for the fabricated composites.Composite with 30%secondary particles incorporated magnesium composites exhibits better wear and corrosion resistance than the other composites.展开更多
In this study,a 2kHz Tonpilz projector was designed using a Terfenol-D and modeled in ATILA.For the purpose of modeling studies,it has been determined that a radiating head mass exhibits better transmitting current re...In this study,a 2kHz Tonpilz projector was designed using a Terfenol-D and modeled in ATILA.For the purpose of modeling studies,it has been determined that a radiating head mass exhibits better transmitting current response（TCR） at 136 mm diameter,where the resonance occurs at 2.4kHz and the peak value of 118 dB re 1 μPa/A at 1 m occurs at 12 kHz.Also bolt at a 46mm distance from the center of the head mass offers resonance at 2.4kHz,and the peak value of 115.3 dB re 1 μPa/A at 1m occurs at 11.5kHz.This optimized design is fabricated and molded with polyurethane of 3mm thickness.The prototype was tested at the Acoustic Test Facility（ATF） of National Institute of Ocean Technology（NIOT） for its underwater performances.Based on the result,the fundamental resonance was determined to be 2.18kHz and the peak value of TCR of 182 dB re 1 μPa/A at 1m occurs at 14 kHz.The maximum value of the RS was found to be -190 dB re 1V/μPa at 1m at a frequency of 2.1kHz.展开更多
A number of re-emerging and emerging infectious diseases including chikungunya, West Nile, yellow fever, Zika, dengue, Japanese encephalitis, and others have increased in recent years, which threaten the public health...A number of re-emerging and emerging infectious diseases including chikungunya, West Nile, yellow fever, Zika, dengue, Japanese encephalitis, and others have increased in recent years, which threaten the public health across the globe. Chikungunya is a neglected re-emerging arboviral infection caused by chikungunya virus. Arboviral infections such as chikungunya, Zika and dengue have similar epidemiology, transmission cycles and clinical symptoms, which makes it difficult to diagnose these three infections. Moreover, there is no commercial vaccine or licensed therapy available for chikungunya infection, thus causing severe burden worldwide. Vector control may reduce the disease risk; however, this remains a challenge due to many factors including, but not limited to, evolution of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes, gaps in vector control tools, urbanization, environmental and demographic changes. Effective integrated vector control strategies and surveillance measures along with affordable vaccine development or anti-viral therapy are essential to control the infection. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology of mosquito-borne infection chikungunya which has re-emerged as an international concern in recent decades.展开更多
An efficient and facile synthesis of a library of hitherto novel 1,2,3-triazolyl-N-acetyl/N-propionylpyrazoline hybrids （16 examples） in excellent yields （90%-96%） has been accomplished from easily accessible 1,2,...An efficient and facile synthesis of a library of hitherto novel 1,2,3-triazolyl-N-acetyl/N-propionylpyrazoline hybrids （16 examples） in excellent yields （90%-96%） has been accomplished from easily accessible 1,2,3-triazolyl chalcone precursors.展开更多
Nano particles of Co(0.5-x)NixZn0.5Fe2O4 (x = 0 to 0.3) is prepared by co-precipitation method. The X-ray diffraction analysis indicates the formation of single phase ferrite particle in nano size. The lattice constan...Nano particles of Co(0.5-x)NixZn0.5Fe2O4 (x = 0 to 0.3) is prepared by co-precipitation method. The X-ray diffraction analysis indicates the formation of single phase ferrite particle in nano size. The lattice constant for Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 is found to be 8.38 Å, but the lattice constant decreases when cobalt is replaced by nickel up to x = 0.2 content. The formation of Fe2+ in octahedral site increases the lattice constant for the concentration x = 0.3. The dielectric constant of Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 is found to be less than the bulk sample. The migration of Fe3+ ion from octahedral site to tetrahedral site decreases the dielectric constant with increase in nickel concentration. The charge libration and electron hoping together form the basis for the conduction mechanism in this present compound.展开更多
Phenolic compounds constitute one of the major pollutants in the modern world. Although many physical and chemical treatment technologies for their removal exist, most of them are economically not feasible. The presen...Phenolic compounds constitute one of the major pollutants in the modern world. Although many physical and chemical treatment technologies for their removal exist, most of them are economically not feasible. The present study was aimed at using silk cotton hull, a potent agricultural waste as an adsobent for removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), which was used as a model phenolic compound. The process parameters were investigated and optimized conditions were determined. The equilibrium time was found to ...展开更多
基金supported by Agricultural R&D Promotion Center,South Korea (No. 060101001)
文摘A heavy metal contaminated soil sample collected from a mine in Chonnam Province of South Korea was found to be a source of heavy metal adsorbing biosorbents. Chemical analyses showed high contents of lead （Pb） at 357 mg/kg and cyanide （CN） at 14.6 mg/kg in the soil. The experimental results showed that Penicillium sp. MRF-1 was the best lead resistant fungus among the four individual metal tolerant fungal species isolated from the soil. Molecular characterization of Penicillium sp. MRF-1 was determined using ITS regions sequences. Effects of pH, temperature and contact time on adsorption of Pb（Ⅱ） by Penicillium sp. MRF-1 were studied. Favorable conditions for maximum biosportion were found at pH 4 with 3 hr contact time. Biosorption of Pb（Ⅱ） gradually increased with increasing temperature. Efficient performance of the biosorbent was described using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Adsorption kinetics was studied using pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order models. Biosorbent Penicillium sp. MRF-1 showed the maximum desorption in alkali conditions. Consistent adsorption/desorption potential of the biosorbent in repetitive cycles validated the efficacy of it in large scale. SEM studies given notes on surface modification of fungal biomass under metal stress and FT-IR results showed the presence of amino groups in the surface structure of the biosorbent. In conclusion, the new biosorbent Penicillium sp. MRF- 1 may potentially be used as an inexpensive, easily cultivatable material for the removal of lead from aqueous solution.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(21504072,51741304 and 52073234)Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0363)+1 种基金Innovation Teams in Colleges and Universities of Chongqing(CXQT20005)innovation platform for Academicians of Hainan Province and Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Micro-Nano Biomedical Materials and Devices.
文摘Nowadays,infectious diseases persist as a global crisis by causing significant destruction to public health and the economic stability of countries worldwide.Especially bacterial infections remain a most severe concern due to the prevalence and emergence of multi-drug resistance(MDR)and limitations with existing therapeutic options.Antibacterial photodynamic therapy(APDT)is a potential therapeutic modality that involves the systematic administration of photosensitizers(PSs),light,and molecular oxygen(O_(2))for coping with bacterial infections.Although the existing porphyrin and non-porphyrin PSs were effective in APDT,the poor solubility,limited efficacy against Gram-negative bacteria,and non-specific distribution hinder their clinical applications.Accordingly,to promote the efficiency of conventional PSs,various polymer-driven modification and function-alization strategies have been adopted to engineer multifunctional hybrid phototherapeutics.This review as-sesses recent advancements and state-of-the-art research in polymer-PSs hybrid materials developed for APDT applications.Further,the key research findings of the following aspects are considered in-depth with constructive discussions:i)PSs-integrated/functionalized polymeric composites through various molecular in-teractions;ii)PSs-deposited coatings on different substrates and devices to eliminate healthcare-associated in-fections;and iii)PSs-embedded films,scaffolds,and hydrogels for regenerative medicine applications.
文摘Objective:To obtain Iuteolin and apigenin rich fraction from the ethanolic extract of Cynodon dactylon(L.)(C.dactylon) Pers and evaluate the fraction's cytotoxicity and anti-Chikungunya potential using Vero cells.Methods:The ethanolic extract of C.dactylon was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain anti-chikungunya virus(CHIKV) fraction.Reverse phase-HPLC and GC-MS studies were carried out to identily the major phytochemicals in the fraction using phylochemical standards.Cytotoxicity and the potential of the fraction against CHIKV were evaluated in vitro using Vero cells.Reduction in viral replication was assessed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) after treating the viral infected Vero cells with the fraction.Results:Reverse Phase-HPLC and GC-MS studies confirmed the presence of flavonoids,luteolin and apigenin as major phytochemicals in the anti-CHIKV ethanolic fraction of C.dactylon- The fraction was found to exhibit potent viral inhibitory activity(about 98%) at the concentration of 50 μg/mL as observed by reduction in cytopathic effect,and the cytotoxic concentration of the fraction was found to be 250 μg/mL.RT-PCR analyses indicated that the reduction in viral mRNA synthesis in fraction treated infected cells was much higher than the viral infected control cells.Conclusions:Luteolin and apigenin rich ethanolic fraction from C.dactylon can be utilized as a potential therapeutic agent against CHIKV infection as the fraction does not show cytotoxicity while inhibiting the virus.
基金The Department of Biotechnology,Bharathiar University,Coimbatore,Tamil Nadu,India for supporting this research through DST-FIST (SR/FST/LST-299/2006 Dt:31-01-2007)UGC-SAP (F.No.3-9/2007 (SAP-II) February 2007)
文摘Infectious diseases are indeed a lifelong threat to everyone irrespective of age, sex, lifestyle and socio-economic status. The infectious diseases have persisted among the prominent causes of death globally. Recently, re-emergence of Chikungunya viral infection harmed many in Asian and African countries. Chikungunya was considered as a major threat in developing and underdeveloped countries; the recent epidemiological outbreak of Chikungunya in La Reunion urges the global researchers to develop effective vaccine against this viral disease. In this review, Chikungunya, pathogenesis and epidemiology were briefly described.
文摘ions in the ECG signal.The cardiologist and medical specialistfind numerous difficulties in the process of traditional approaches.The specified restrictions are eliminated in the proposed classifier.The fundamental aim of this work is tofind the R-R interval.To analyze the blockage,different approaches are implemented,which make the computation as facile with high accuracy.The information are recovered from the MIT-BIH dataset.The retrieved data contain normal and pathological ECG signals.To obtain a noiseless signal,Gaborfilter is employed and to compute the amplitude of the signal,DCT-DOST(Discrete cosine based Discrete orthogonal stock well transform)is implemented.The amplitude is computed to detect the cardiac abnormality.The R peak of the underlying ECG signal is noted and the segment length of the ECG cycle is identified.The Genetic algorithm(GA)retrieves the primary highlights and the classifier integrates the data with the chosen attributes to optimize the identification.In addition,the GA helps in performing hereditary calculations to reduce the problem of multi-target enhancement.Finally,the RBFNN(Radial basis function neural network)is applied,which diminishes the local minima present in the signal.It shows enhancement in characterizing the ordinary and anomalous ECG signals.
文摘Background:Patients with bilateral chronic otitis media-mucosal type have been conventionally treated with sequential tympanoplasty.Bilateral simultaneous tympanoplasty is usually not preferred because of the theoretical risk of iatrogenic sensorineural hearing loss.With the advent of modern surgical instruments and surgical techniques,the risk is expected to be lower.This study compares the clinical outcomes in typeⅠtympanoplasty performed simultaneously and sequentially.Materials&methods:This randomized prospective study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital between August 2015 and July 2017.A total of 30 patients were divided into two groups of 15 each.This study analyzed the graft uptake,pure tone audiogram findings pre-and post-operatively,duration of surgery and number of hospital visit for each patient and the outco mes were co mpared between both the groups.Result:Patients undergoing bilateral simultaneous tympanoplasty had significantly lesser mean duration of surgery and number of hospital visits than the patients undergoing sequential tympanoplasty.Graft uptake and postoperative wound infections were similar in both the groups.Postoperative hearing improvement was significantly better in the bilateral simultaneous tympanoplasty group.However,further studies are needed to authenticate this observation.None of the patients had a postoperative deterioration of hearing or sensorineural hearing loss.Conclusion:Bilateral simultaneous tympanoplasty is not only feasible but also better than sequential tympanoplasty,especially in terms of operating time,follow-up and overall financial implications on the patient.
文摘Facial Expression Recognition(FER)has been an interesting area of research in places where there is human-computer interaction.Human psychol-ogy,emotions and behaviors can be analyzed in FER.Classifiers used in FER have been perfect on normal faces but have been found to be constrained in occluded faces.Recently,Deep Learning Techniques(DLT)have gained popular-ity in applications of real-world problems including recognition of human emo-tions.The human face reflects emotional states and human intentions.An expression is the most natural and powerful way of communicating non-verbally.Systems which form communications between the two are termed Human Machine Interaction(HMI)systems.FER can improve HMI systems as human expressions convey useful information to an observer.This paper proposes a FER scheme called EECNN(Enhanced Convolution Neural Network with Atten-tion mechanism)to recognize seven types of human emotions with satisfying results in its experiments.Proposed EECNN achieved 89.8%accuracy in classi-fying the images.
文摘It is critical in terms of approximate computation errors in VLSI multiplier circuits are increasing with technology scaling. The most common method for fast and energy efficient execution of multiplication result is approximation of operands. But this traditional approximate result is not suitable for image processing applications. This paper proposes the two architectures of high accurate hybrid segment approximate multiplier (HSAM) and enhanced HSAM for image compression. Existing static segment method based approximate multiplier is not suitable for certain accurate applications and dynamic segment method based approximate multiplier is not suitable for cost efficient applications. The proposed work combines the advantages of both static segment method and dynamic segment method to drive the efficiency in accuracy and cost. The proposed approximate multipliers HSAM8 × 8 and EHSAM8 × 8 provide 99.85% and 99.999% accuracy respectively for various inputs. The proposed HSAM consumes less energy with small increase of area overhead. The proposed EHSAM consumes less energy without any area overhead. The proposed HSAM and EHSAM is improved the speed by 40% and 85% compared to the existing SSM8 × 8 technique.
文摘The world is heading towards renewable energy, but the two key disputes that stop its well-known adoption are the power production level and the price of the production. Distributed generation (DG), and hybrid systems with battery backup are the solution for uninterrupted power supply. It is obtained using the Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (NSGA II). Techno-economic methodology is used in this proposed system for the size optimization. The result is based on the system cost, in order to meet the load requirements. The effect of temporal sampling is optimized using low-rate temporal data. It is compared with hybrid DC microgrid, which has been optimized using high temporal resolution data.
基金the UGC (BSR) and DST-PURSE for financial supportDepartment of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India for funds under the IRHPA program for the purchase of a NMR spectrometer
文摘An elegant and efficient synthesis of novel 1,2,3-triazole fused 2-aminopyrimidine hybrids has been accomplished for the first time in the green solvent viz, water. The hybrid molecules exhibit significant anti-bacterial activity when screened against three human pathogens viz. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In comparison to the commercially marketed drug tetracycline, some of them are equally potent and a few are more potent.
文摘The brain of humans and other organisms is affected in various ways through the electromagneticfield(EMF)radiations generated by mobile phones and cell phone towers.Morphological variations in the brain are caused by the neurological changes due to the revelation of EMF.Cellular level analysis is used to measure and detect the effect of mobile radiations,but its utilization seems very expensive,and it is a tedious process,where its analysis requires the preparation of cell suspension.In this regard,this research article proposes optimal broadcast-ing learning to detect changes in brain morphology due to the revelation of EMF.Here,Drosophila melanogaster acts as a specimen under the revelation of EMF.Automatic segmentation is performed for the brain to attain the microscopic images from the prejudicial geometrical characteristics that are removed to detect the effect of revelation of EMF.The geometrical characteristics of the brain image of that is microscopic segmented are analyzed.Analysis results reveal the occur-rence of several prejudicial characteristics that can be processed by machine learn-ing techniques.The important prejudicial characteristics are given to four varieties of classifiers such as naïve Bayes,artificial neural network,support vector machine,and unsystematic forest for the classification of open or nonopen micro-scopic image of D.melanogaster brain.The results are attained through various experimental evaluations,and the said classifiers perform well by achieving 96.44%using the prejudicial characteristics chosen by the feature selection meth-od.The proposed system is an optimal approach that automatically identifies the effect of revelation of EMF with minimal time complexity,where the machine learning techniques produce an effective framework for image processing.
基金the financial support from UGC (Grant No. 34-272/2008(SR))
文摘Boerhavia diffusa （B. diffusa）, also known as Punarnava, is an indigenous plant in India and an important component in traditional Indian medicine. The accurate identification and collection of this medicinal herb is vital to enhance the drug＇s efficacy and biosafety. In this study, a DNA barcoding technique has been applied to identify and distinguish B. diffusa from its closely-related species. The phylogenetic analysis was carried out for the four species of Boerhavia using barcode candidates including nuclear ribosomal DNA regions ITS, ITS1, ITS2 and the chloroplast plastid gene psbA-trnH. Sequence alignment revealed 26% polymorphic sites in ITS, 30% in ITS1, 16% in ITS2 and 6% in psbA-trnH, respectively. Additionally, a phylogenetic tree was constructed for 15 species using ITS sequences which clearly distinguished B. diffusa from the other species. The ITS1 demonstrates a higher transition/transversion ratio, percentage of variation and pairwise distance which differentiate B. diffusa from other species of Boerhavia. Our study revealed that 1TS and ITS1 could be used as potential candidate regions for identifying B. diffusa and for authenticating its herbal products.
基金supported by the Senior Research Fellowship from the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Human Resource Development Group (CSIRHRDG), New Delhi, India (09/472(0164)/2012-EMR-I)the funds from the University Grants Commission-Special Assistance Programme (UGC-SAP)the Department of Science and Technology-Fund for Improvement of S&T Infrastructure (DST-FIST), Bharathiar University, Tamil Nadu, India
文摘Antifreeze proteins（AFP） are produced by certain plants, animals, fungi and bacteria that enable them to survive upon extremely low temperature. Perennial rye grass, Lolium perenne, was reported to possess AFP which protects them from cold environments. In the present investigation, we isolated AFP gene from L. perenne and expressed it in tomato plants to elucidate its role upon chilling stress. The T1 transgenic tomato lines were selected and subjected to molecular, biochemical and physiological analyses. Stable integration and transcription of Lp AFP in transgenic tomato plants was confirmed by Southern blot hybridization and RT-PCR, respectively. Physiological analyses under chilling conditions showed that the chilling stress induced physiological damage in wild type（WT） plants, while the transgenic plants remained healthy. Total sugar content increased gradually in both WT and transgenic plants throughout the chilling treatment. Interestingly, transgenic plants exhibited remarkable alterations in terms of relative water content（RWC） and electrolyte leakage index（ELI） than those of WT. RWC increased significantly by 3-fold and the electrolyte leakage was reduced by 2.6-fold in transgenic plants comparing with WT. Overall, this report proved that Lp AFP gene confers chilling tolerance in transgenic tomato plants and it could be a potential candidate to extrapolate the chilling tolerance on other chilling-sensitive food crops.
文摘This research reports the processing of magnesium matrix composites reinforced with silicon carbide(SiC)and aluminium oxide(Al_(2)O_(3))using powder metallurgy technique through high energy milling.Samples of Mg-SiC and Mg-Al_(2)O_(3)composites subjected to high energy ball milling for different vol%of secondary particles 20,30 and 40%of SiC and Al_(2)O_(3)are studied by X-Ray diffraction technique.The rietveld method as implemented in the Fullprof program is applied in order to determine the quantities of the resulting crystalline phases and amorphous phases at each stage of the mechanical treatment.Microstructural examination is carried out using Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM).In addition,crystal structural analysis using appropriate size and strain models is performed in order to handle the distinctive anistrophy that is observed in convinced crystallographic directions for the magnesium composite.The results are furnished in terms of crystalline domains size enlargement of the magnesium composites phases upon prolonged milling duration and discussed in the light of up to date views and theories on crystal growth of nanocrystaline materials.The hardness of the composite samples is calculated by Vickers’s Hardness tester.Further,dry sling wear test and corrosion test are performed for the fabricated composites.Composite with 30%secondary particles incorporated magnesium composites exhibits better wear and corrosion resistance than the other composites.
文摘In this study,a 2kHz Tonpilz projector was designed using a Terfenol-D and modeled in ATILA.For the purpose of modeling studies,it has been determined that a radiating head mass exhibits better transmitting current response（TCR） at 136 mm diameter,where the resonance occurs at 2.4kHz and the peak value of 118 dB re 1 μPa/A at 1 m occurs at 12 kHz.Also bolt at a 46mm distance from the center of the head mass offers resonance at 2.4kHz,and the peak value of 115.3 dB re 1 μPa/A at 1m occurs at 11.5kHz.This optimized design is fabricated and molded with polyurethane of 3mm thickness.The prototype was tested at the Acoustic Test Facility（ATF） of National Institute of Ocean Technology（NIOT） for its underwater performances.Based on the result,the fundamental resonance was determined to be 2.18kHz and the peak value of TCR of 182 dB re 1 μPa/A at 1m occurs at 14 kHz.The maximum value of the RS was found to be -190 dB re 1V/μPa at 1m at a frequency of 2.1kHz.
基金supported by the Department of Biotechnology,Bharathiar University,Coimbatore,Tamil Nadu,India through DST-FIST,UGC-SAP and UKIERI
文摘A number of re-emerging and emerging infectious diseases including chikungunya, West Nile, yellow fever, Zika, dengue, Japanese encephalitis, and others have increased in recent years, which threaten the public health across the globe. Chikungunya is a neglected re-emerging arboviral infection caused by chikungunya virus. Arboviral infections such as chikungunya, Zika and dengue have similar epidemiology, transmission cycles and clinical symptoms, which makes it difficult to diagnose these three infections. Moreover, there is no commercial vaccine or licensed therapy available for chikungunya infection, thus causing severe burden worldwide. Vector control may reduce the disease risk; however, this remains a challenge due to many factors including, but not limited to, evolution of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes, gaps in vector control tools, urbanization, environmental and demographic changes. Effective integrated vector control strategies and surveillance measures along with affordable vaccine development or anti-viral therapy are essential to control the infection. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology of mosquito-borne infection chikungunya which has re-emerged as an international concern in recent decades.
基金UGC(BSR)-India for givingfinancial support as JRF&SRF
文摘An efficient and facile synthesis of a library of hitherto novel 1,2,3-triazolyl-N-acetyl/N-propionylpyrazoline hybrids （16 examples） in excellent yields （90%-96%） has been accomplished from easily accessible 1,2,3-triazolyl chalcone precursors.
文摘Nano particles of Co(0.5-x)NixZn0.5Fe2O4 (x = 0 to 0.3) is prepared by co-precipitation method. The X-ray diffraction analysis indicates the formation of single phase ferrite particle in nano size. The lattice constant for Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 is found to be 8.38 Å, but the lattice constant decreases when cobalt is replaced by nickel up to x = 0.2 content. The formation of Fe2+ in octahedral site increases the lattice constant for the concentration x = 0.3. The dielectric constant of Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 is found to be less than the bulk sample. The migration of Fe3+ ion from octahedral site to tetrahedral site decreases the dielectric constant with increase in nickel concentration. The charge libration and electron hoping together form the basis for the conduction mechanism in this present compound.
基金the Chonbuk National Uni-versity Post-Doctoral Program (2006)Research Centerfor Industrial Development of Biofood Materials in the Chonbuk National University, Chonju, KoreaThe centeris designated as a Regional Research Center appointed by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF),Jeollabuk-do Provincial Government and Chonbuk Nation-al University
文摘Phenolic compounds constitute one of the major pollutants in the modern world. Although many physical and chemical treatment technologies for their removal exist, most of them are economically not feasible. The present study was aimed at using silk cotton hull, a potent agricultural waste as an adsobent for removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), which was used as a model phenolic compound. The process parameters were investigated and optimized conditions were determined. The equilibrium time was found to ...
