Objective： To analyze the trends of incidence rate and age at diagnosis for cervical cancer incidence in China using population-based cancer registration data from 2000 to 2014. Methods： Data were from National Cent...Objective： To analyze the trends of incidence rate and age at diagnosis for cervical cancer incidence in China using population-based cancer registration data from 2000 to 2014. Methods： Data were from National Central Cancer Registry of China. Crude incidence rates （CIRs）, age-specific incidence rate, age-standardized incidence rates （ASIRs）, age percentage distribution, standardized age percentage distribution, mean age at diagnosis and standardized mean age at diagnosis for cervical cancer in all areas of China, urban China and rural China were calculated separately. The world Segi＇s population was applied to remove the age structure influence. Joinpoint regression was performed to obtain average annual percent change （AAPC） and age- period-cohort analysis was used to examine the incidence trends. Results： CIRs and ASIRs for cervical cancer increased in China from 2000 to 2014. The AAPC of ASIRs in China was at 9.2% [95% confidence interval （95% CI）： 7.0%-I 1.5%, P〈0.05], and the AAPC in rural areas was relatively high. The age-specific incidence rate in groups aged 0-69 years have significantly increased over time. Groups aged 40-69 years showed the highest incidence risk, and the annual percent changes （APCs） of incidence rate in groups aged 40-59 years in urban China and groups aged 0-49 years in rural China were more than 10%. For each age group, the urban-to-rural incidence rate ratios （IRRs） got close to 1 over time. There were clear birth cohort effects in successive generations born from 1940 to 1970 in China. In rural China, the standardized mean age at diagnosis had significantly declined by 5.18 years. In China, the main peak and secondary peak of standardized age percentages appeared in the groups aged 45-49 and 40-44 years, respectively. In rural China, the main peak of standardized age percentage moved from the group aged 55-59 years to the group aged 45-49 years, and the standardized age percentages of groups aged 25-34 years also increased. In China, the stan展开更多
AIM: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectof laparoscopic surgery on liver function in humans and thepossible mechanisms behind such effect.METHODS: Blood samples from 286 patients whounderwent lapar...AIM: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectof laparoscopic surgery on liver function in humans and thepossible mechanisms behind such effect.METHODS: Blood samples from 286 patients whounderwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and 40patients who underwent open cholecystectomy (OC) weretested for liver function by measuring the level of serumalanine aminotrasferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotrasferase(AST) before and after the operations. The same tests werealso applied to 18 laparoscopic colorectal cancer resection(LCR) patients and 23 open colorectal cancer resection (OCR)patients to determine whether CO2 pneumoperitoneum couldalter the serum liver enzymes.RESULTS: The level of serum ALT and AST increasedsignificantly during the first 48 hours post operations in bothLC and LCR patients. However, no significant change of theserum liver enzymes was detected in both OC and OCRpatients. As a result, there was statistically significantdifference in change of both ALT and AST levels betweenLC and OC patients and LCR and OCR patients, respectively.By the 7th day post operation, the level of both enzymesreturned to normal values in LC, OC and OCR patients exceptLCR patients whose enzymes remained at a higher level.CONCLUSION: Transient elevation of hepatic transaminasesoccurred after laparoscopic surgery. The major causativefactor seemed to be the CO2 pneumoperitoneum. In mostof the laparoscopic surgery patients, the transient elevationof serum liver enzymes showed no apparent clinicalimplications. However, if preoperative liver function was verypoor, laparoscopic surgery may not be the best choice forthe treatment of patients with certain abdominal diseases.展开更多
AIM: To determine the clinical impact of portal vein thrombosis in terms of both mortality and hepatic decompensations(variceal hemorrhage, ascites, portosystemic encephalopathy) in adult patients with cirrhosis.METHO...AIM: To determine the clinical impact of portal vein thrombosis in terms of both mortality and hepatic decompensations(variceal hemorrhage, ascites, portosystemic encephalopathy) in adult patients with cirrhosis.METHODS: We identified original articles reported through February 2015 in MEDLINE, Scopus, Science Citation Index, AMED, the Cochrane Library, and relevant examples available in the grey literature. Two independent reviewers screened all citations for inclusion criteria and extracted summary data. Random effects odds ratios were calculated to obtain aggregate estimates of effect size across included studies, with 95%CI.RESULTS: A total of 226 citations were identified and reviewed, and 3 studies with 2436 participants were included in the meta-analysis of summary effect. Patients with portal vein thrombosis had an increased risk of mortality(OR = 1.62, 95%CI: 1.11-2.36, P = 0.01). Portal vein thrombosis was associated with an increased risk of ascites(OR = 2.52, 95%CI: 1.63-3.89, P < 0.001). There was insufficient data available to determine the pooled effect on other markers of decompensation including gastroesophageal variceal bleeding or hepatic encephalopathy. CONCLUSION: Portal vein thrombosis appears to increase mortality and ascites, however, the relatively small number of included studies limits more generalizable conclusions. More trials with a direct comparison group are needed.展开更多
Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is a relatively new virus first isolated in China and is a member of the Aquareovirus genus of the Reoviridae family. Recent report of genomic se-quencing showed that GCRV shared high degree...Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is a relatively new virus first isolated in China and is a member of the Aquareovirus genus of the Reoviridae family. Recent report of genomic se-quencing showed that GCRV shared high degree of homology with mammalian reovirus (MRV). As a step of our effort to understand the structural basis of GCRV pathogenesis, we determined the three-dimensional (3D) structure of GCRV capsid at 17 ? resolution by electron cryomicro-scopy. Each GCRV capsid has a multilayered organization, consisting of an RNA core, an inner, middle and outer protein layer. The outer layer is made up of 200 trimers that are arranged on an incomplete T=13 icosahedral lattice. A characteristic feature of this layer is the depression re-sulting from the absence of trimers around the peripentonal positions, revealing the underlying trimers on the middle layer. There are 120 subunits in the inner layer arranged with T=1 symme-try. These structural features are common to other members of the Reoviridae. Moreover, SDS-PAGE analysis showed that GCRV virions contain seven structural proteins (VP1-VP7). These structural proteins have a high degree of sequence homology to MRV, consistent with the structural similarities observed in our study. The high structural similarities of isolated GCRV and MRV suggest that future structural studies focusing on GCRV entering into and replicating within its host cell are necessary in order to fully understand the structural basis of GCRV pathogenesis.展开更多
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) uses high frequency alternating current to heat a volume of tissue around a needle electrode to induce focal coagulative necrosis with minimal injury to surrounding tissues. RFA can be pe...Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) uses high frequency alternating current to heat a volume of tissue around a needle electrode to induce focal coagulative necrosis with minimal injury to surrounding tissues. RFA can be performed via an open, laparoscopic, or image guided percutaneous approach and be performed under general or local anesthesia. Advances in delivery mechanisms, electrode designs, and higher power generators have increased the maximum volume that can be ablated, while maximizing oncological outcomes. In general, RFA is used to control local tumor growth, prevent recurrence, palliate symptoms, and improve survival in a subset of patients that are not candidates for surgical resection. It's equivalence to surgical resection has yet to be proven in large randomized control trials. Currently, the use of RFA has been well described as a primary or adjuvant treatment modality of limited but unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma, liver metastasis, especially colorectal cancer metastases, primary lung tumors, renal cell carcinoma, boney metastasis and osteoid osteomas. The role of RFA in the primary treatment of early stage breast cancer is still evolving. This review will discuss the general features of RFA and outline its role in commonly encountered solid tumors.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the roles of Fas signaling pathway in vitamin E succinate-induced apoptosis in human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells.METHODS: Human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells were treated with VES at 5, 10, 20 mg...AIM: To investigate the roles of Fas signaling pathway in vitamin E succinate-induced apoptosis in human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells.METHODS: Human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells were treated with VES at 5, 10, 20 mg@L-1, succinic acid and vitamin E as vehicle control and condition media only as untreated (UT) control. Apoptotic morphology was observed by DAPI staining. Western blot analysis was applied to measure the expression of Fas, FADD and caspase-8 proteins. After the cells were transiently transfected with Fas and FADD antisense oligonucleotides, respectively, caspase-8 activity was determined by flurometric method.RESULTS: The morphologically apoptotic changes were observed after VES treatment by DAPI staining. 23.7 % and 89.6 % apoptosis occurred after 24 h and 48 h of 20 mg@L-1 VES treatment, respectively. The protein levels of Fas, FADD and caspase-8 were evidently increased in a dose-dependent manner after 24 h of VES treatment. The blockage of Fas by transfection with Fas antisense oligonucleotides obviously inhibited the expression of FADD protein. After SGC-7901 cells were transfected with Fas and FADD antisense oligonucleotides, caspase-8 activity was obviously decreased (P＜0.01), whereas Fas blocked more than FADD.CONCLUSION: VES-induced apoptosis in human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells involves Fas signaling pathway including the interaction of Fas, FADD and caspase-8.展开更多
Purpose： Posttraumatic arthritis （PTA） may develop years after acetabular fracture, hindering joint function and causing significant chronic musculoskeletal pain. Given the delayed onset of PTA, few studies have as...Purpose： Posttraumatic arthritis （PTA） may develop years after acetabular fracture, hindering joint function and causing significant chronic musculoskeletal pain. Given the delayed onset of PTA, few studies have assessed outcomes of delayed total hip arthroplasty （THA） in acetabular fracture patients. This study systematically reviewed the literature for outcomes of THA in patients with PTA and prior acetabular fracture. Methods： Pubmed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane library were searched for articles containing the keywords ＂acetabular＂, ＂fracture＂, ＂arthroplasty＂, and ＂post traumatic arthritis＂ published between 1995 and August 2017. Studies with less than 10 patients, less than 2 years of follow-up, conference abstracts, and non-English language articles were excluded. Data on patient demographics, surgical characteristics, and outcomes of delayed THA, including implant survival, complications, need for revision, and functional scores, was collected from eligible studies. Results： With 1830 studies were screened and data from 10 studies with 448 patients were included in this review, The median patient age on date of THA was 51.5 years, ranging from 19 to 90 years. The median time from fracture to THA was 37 months, with a range of 27-74 months. Mean follow-up times ranged from 4 to 20 years, The mean Harris hip scores （HHS） improved from 41.5 pre-operatively, to 87.6 post-operatively, The most prevalent postoperative complications were heterotopic ossification （28% -63%）, implant loosening （1%-24%）, and infection （0%-16%）. The minimum 5-year survival of implants ranged from 70% to 100%. Revision rates ranged from 2% to 32%. Conclusion： Despite the difficulties associated with performing THA in patients with PTA from previous acetabular fracture （including soft tissue scarring, existing hardware, and acetabular bone loss） and the relatively high complication rates, THA in patients with VIA following prior acetabular fracture leads to significant improvement in展开更多
Oxygen evolution reaction(OER),as an important half‐reaction involved in water splitting,has been intensely studied since the last century.Transition metal phosphide and sulfide‐based compounds have attracted increa...Oxygen evolution reaction(OER),as an important half‐reaction involved in water splitting,has been intensely studied since the last century.Transition metal phosphide and sulfide‐based compounds have attracted increasing attention as active OER catalysts due to their excellent physical and chemical characters,and massive efforts have been devoted to improving the phosphide and sulfide‐based materials with better activity and stability in recent years.In this review,the recent progress on phosphide and sulfide‐based OER electrocatalysts in terms of chemical properties,synthetic methodologies,catalytic performances evaluation and improvement strategy is reviewed.The most accepted reaction pathways as well as the thermodynamics and electrochemistry of the OER are firstly introduced in brief,followed by a summary of the recent research and optimization strategy of phosphide and sulfide‐based OER electrocatalysts.Finally,some mechanistic studies of the active phase of phosphide and sulfide‐based compounds are discussed to give insight into the nature of active catalytic sites.It is expected to indicate guidance for further improving the performances of phosphide and sulfide‐based OER electrocatalysts.展开更多
An enormous amount of long non-coding RNAs（lnc RNAs） transcribed from eukaryotic genome are important regulators in different aspects of cellular events. Cytoplasm is the residence and the site of action for many ln...An enormous amount of long non-coding RNAs（lnc RNAs） transcribed from eukaryotic genome are important regulators in different aspects of cellular events. Cytoplasm is the residence and the site of action for many lncRNAs. The cytoplasmic lncRNAs play indispensable roles with multiple molecular mechanisms in animal and human cells. In this review, we mainly talk about functions and the underlying mechanisms of lncRNAs in the cytoplasm. We highlight relatively well-studied examples of cytoplasmic lncRNAs for their roles in modulating mRNA stability,regulating m RNA translation, serving as competing endogenous RNAs, functioning as precursors of microRNAs, and mediating protein modifications. We also elaborate the perspectives of cytoplasmic lncRNA studies.展开更多
Hyperlipidemia is a well-established risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease(CVD). The recent American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association guidelines on lipid management emphasize treatment ...Hyperlipidemia is a well-established risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease(CVD). The recent American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association guidelines on lipid management emphasize treatment of individuals at increased risk for developing CVD events with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors(statins) at doses proven to reduce CVD events. However, there are limited options for patients who are either intolerant to statin therapy, develop CVD despite being on maximally tolerated statin therapy, or have severe hypercholesterolemia. Recently the Food and Drug Administration approved two novel medications for low-density lipoprotein(LDL)-cholesterol reduction: Evolocumab and Alirocumab. These agents target and inactivate proprotein convertase subtilsinkexin type 9(PCSK9), a hepatic protease that attaches and internalizes LDL receptors into lysosomes hence promoting their destruction. By preventing LDL receptor destruction, LDL-C levels can be lowered 50%-60% above that achieved by statin therapy alone. This review explores PCSK-9 biology and the mechanisms available to alter it; clinical trials targeting PCSK9 activity, and the current state of clinically available inhibitors of PCSK9.展开更多
AIM: Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is a significant healthproblem in China. But the molecular mechanisms of HCCremains unclear. APC/β-Catenin/Tcf signaling pathway, alsoknown as Wnt pathway, plays a critical role in ...AIM: Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is a significant healthproblem in China. But the molecular mechanisms of HCCremains unclear. APC/β-Catenin/Tcf signaling pathway, alsoknown as Wnt pathway, plays a critical role in thedevelopment and oncogenesis. As little is known about thealteration of human T-cell transcription factor-4 (hTcf-4) genein HCC, it is of interest to study the expression and mutationof hTcf-4 gene in HCC and the relationship between hTcf-4gene and progression of HCC.METHODS: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) method was used to detect the expression of hTcf-4 mRNA in 32 HCC and para-cancerous tissues and 5 normalliver tissues. PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism(PCR-SSCP) method was used to detect the mutation ofhTcf-4 exons 1, 4, 9 and 15 in HCC. The correlation ofexpression and mutation of the hTcf-4 gene withclinicopathological characteristics of HCC was also analyzed.RESULTS: RT-PCR showed that the expression rate of hTcf-4 mRNA in HCC, para-cancerous tissues and normal livertissues was 90.6 %, 71.9 % and 80 %, respectively. Thegene expression level in tumor was 0.71±0.13, much higherthan that in para-cancerous liver 0.29±0.05 and normal liver0.26±0.05 (P＜0.001), although there was no significantdifference in gene expression level between para-canceroustissues and normal liver (P＞0.05). Furthermore, hTcf-4 geneexpression was closely associated with tumor capsule statusand intrahepatic metastasis of HCC. On SSCP, 2 of 32 casesof HCC (6.25 %) displayed characteristic mutational mobilityshifts in exon 15 of the hTcf-4 gene. No abnormal shiftingbands were observed in para-cancerous tissues.CONCLUSION: The high expression level of hTcf-4 in HCC,especially in tumors with metastasis, suggests that the over-expression of hTcf-4 gene may be closely associated withdevelopment and progression of HCC, but the mutation ofthis gene seemed to play less important role in this respect.展开更多
Nowadays, use of alternative and complementary therapies with mainstream medicine has gained the momentum. Aromatherapy is one of the complementary therapies which use essential oils as the major therapeutic agents to...Nowadays, use of alternative and complementary therapies with mainstream medicine has gained the momentum. Aromatherapy is one of the complementary therapies which use essential oils as the major therapeutic agents to treat several diseases. The essential or volatile oils are extracted from the flowers, barks, stem, leaves, roots, fruits and other parts of the plant by various methods. It came into existence after the scientists deciphered the antiseptic and skin permeability properties of essential oils. Inhalation, local application and baths are the major methods used in aromatherapy that utilize these oils to penetrate the human skin surface with marked aura. Once the oils are in the system, they remodulate themselves and work in a friendly manner at the site of malfunction or at the affected area. This type of therapy utilizes various permutation and combinations to get relief from numerous ailments like depression, indigestion, headache, insomnia, muscular pain, respiratory problems, skin ailments, swollen joints, urine associated complications etc. The essential oils are found to be more beneficial when other aspects of life and diet are given due consideration. This review explores the information available in the literature regarding therapeutic, medical, cosmetic, psychological, olfactory, massage aromatherapy, safety issues and different plants used in aromatherapy. All the available information was compiled from electronic databases such as Academic Journals, Ethnobotany, Google Scholar, PubM ed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and library search.展开更多
Background: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play pivotal roles in various malignant tumors. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling is associated with the pathogenesis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSC...Background: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play pivotal roles in various malignant tumors. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling is associated with the pathogenesis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). This study aimed to explore the role of LINC00520 in the development of cSCC via EGFR and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathways. Methods: A microarray analysis was applied to screen differentially expressed lncRNAs in cSCC samples. The A431 cSCC cell line was transfected and assigned different groups. The expression patterns of LINC00520, EGFR, and intermediates in the PI3K/Akt pathway were characterized using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting analysis. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were detected using the MTT assay, scratch test, and Transwell assay, respectively. Cell-based experiments and a tumorigenicity assay were conducted to assess the effect of LINC00520 on cSCC progression. This study was ended in September 2017. Comparisons between two groups were analyzed with t-test and comparisons among multiple groups were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. The nonparametric Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to analyze skewed data. The enumerated data were analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher exact test. Results: Data from chip GSE66359 revealed depletion of LINC00520 in cSCC. Cells transfected with LINC00520 vector and LINC00520 vector + si-EGFR showed elevated LINC00520 level but decreased levels of the EGFR, PI3K, AKT, VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNAs and proteins, and inhibition of the growth, migration and adhesion of cSCC cells, while the si-LINC00520 group showed opposite trends (all P < 0.05). Compared with the LINC00520 vector group, the LINC00520 vector + si-EGFR group showed decreased levels of the EGFR, PI3K, AKT, VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNAs and proteins, and inhibition of the growth, migration and adhesion of cSCC cells, while the LINC00520 vector+ EGFR vector group show展开更多
BACKGROUND： Major complications after pancreaticoduo- denectomy are usually caused by a leaking pancreaticojejunal anastomosis. Omental flaps around various anastomoses were used to prevent the formation of fistula.
基金supported by Program Grant in Fundamental Research from the Ministry of Science and Technology(No.2014FY121100)Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(CAMS)Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(No.201612M2004)
文摘Objective： To analyze the trends of incidence rate and age at diagnosis for cervical cancer incidence in China using population-based cancer registration data from 2000 to 2014. Methods： Data were from National Central Cancer Registry of China. Crude incidence rates （CIRs）, age-specific incidence rate, age-standardized incidence rates （ASIRs）, age percentage distribution, standardized age percentage distribution, mean age at diagnosis and standardized mean age at diagnosis for cervical cancer in all areas of China, urban China and rural China were calculated separately. The world Segi＇s population was applied to remove the age structure influence. Joinpoint regression was performed to obtain average annual percent change （AAPC） and age- period-cohort analysis was used to examine the incidence trends. Results： CIRs and ASIRs for cervical cancer increased in China from 2000 to 2014. The AAPC of ASIRs in China was at 9.2% [95% confidence interval （95% CI）： 7.0%-I 1.5%, P〈0.05], and the AAPC in rural areas was relatively high. The age-specific incidence rate in groups aged 0-69 years have significantly increased over time. Groups aged 40-69 years showed the highest incidence risk, and the annual percent changes （APCs） of incidence rate in groups aged 40-59 years in urban China and groups aged 0-49 years in rural China were more than 10%. For each age group, the urban-to-rural incidence rate ratios （IRRs） got close to 1 over time. There were clear birth cohort effects in successive generations born from 1940 to 1970 in China. In rural China, the standardized mean age at diagnosis had significantly declined by 5.18 years. In China, the main peak and secondary peak of standardized age percentages appeared in the groups aged 45-49 and 40-44 years, respectively. In rural China, the main peak of standardized age percentage moved from the group aged 55-59 years to the group aged 45-49 years, and the standardized age percentages of groups aged 25-34 years also increased. In China, the stan
文摘AIM: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectof laparoscopic surgery on liver function in humans and thepossible mechanisms behind such effect.METHODS: Blood samples from 286 patients whounderwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and 40patients who underwent open cholecystectomy (OC) weretested for liver function by measuring the level of serumalanine aminotrasferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotrasferase(AST) before and after the operations. The same tests werealso applied to 18 laparoscopic colorectal cancer resection(LCR) patients and 23 open colorectal cancer resection (OCR)patients to determine whether CO2 pneumoperitoneum couldalter the serum liver enzymes.RESULTS: The level of serum ALT and AST increasedsignificantly during the first 48 hours post operations in bothLC and LCR patients. However, no significant change of theserum liver enzymes was detected in both OC and OCRpatients. As a result, there was statistically significantdifference in change of both ALT and AST levels betweenLC and OC patients and LCR and OCR patients, respectively.By the 7th day post operation, the level of both enzymesreturned to normal values in LC, OC and OCR patients exceptLCR patients whose enzymes remained at a higher level.CONCLUSION: Transient elevation of hepatic transaminasesoccurred after laparoscopic surgery. The major causativefactor seemed to be the CO2 pneumoperitoneum. In mostof the laparoscopic surgery patients, the transient elevationof serum liver enzymes showed no apparent clinicalimplications. However, if preoperative liver function was verypoor, laparoscopic surgery may not be the best choice forthe treatment of patients with certain abdominal diseases.
基金Supported by(In part)grant funding from the National Institutes of Health(Grant 5T32DK007769-15)NIH-Surgical Oncology grant(T32 CA163177)
文摘AIM: To determine the clinical impact of portal vein thrombosis in terms of both mortality and hepatic decompensations(variceal hemorrhage, ascites, portosystemic encephalopathy) in adult patients with cirrhosis.METHODS: We identified original articles reported through February 2015 in MEDLINE, Scopus, Science Citation Index, AMED, the Cochrane Library, and relevant examples available in the grey literature. Two independent reviewers screened all citations for inclusion criteria and extracted summary data. Random effects odds ratios were calculated to obtain aggregate estimates of effect size across included studies, with 95%CI.RESULTS: A total of 226 citations were identified and reviewed, and 3 studies with 2436 participants were included in the meta-analysis of summary effect. Patients with portal vein thrombosis had an increased risk of mortality(OR = 1.62, 95%CI: 1.11-2.36, P = 0.01). Portal vein thrombosis was associated with an increased risk of ascites(OR = 2.52, 95%CI: 1.63-3.89, P < 0.001). There was insufficient data available to determine the pooled effect on other markers of decompensation including gastroesophageal variceal bleeding or hepatic encephalopathy. CONCLUSION: Portal vein thrombosis appears to increase mortality and ascites, however, the relatively small number of included studies limits more generalizable conclusions. More trials with a direct comparison group are needed.
基金The research in Dr.Zhou’s lab is supported by NIH(Grant Nos.AI46420&CA94809)the Welch Foundation(AU-1492)+1 种基金 the American Heart Association(Grant No.0240216N)This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.30170730&30470074).
文摘Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is a relatively new virus first isolated in China and is a member of the Aquareovirus genus of the Reoviridae family. Recent report of genomic se-quencing showed that GCRV shared high degree of homology with mammalian reovirus (MRV). As a step of our effort to understand the structural basis of GCRV pathogenesis, we determined the three-dimensional (3D) structure of GCRV capsid at 17 ? resolution by electron cryomicro-scopy. Each GCRV capsid has a multilayered organization, consisting of an RNA core, an inner, middle and outer protein layer. The outer layer is made up of 200 trimers that are arranged on an incomplete T=13 icosahedral lattice. A characteristic feature of this layer is the depression re-sulting from the absence of trimers around the peripentonal positions, revealing the underlying trimers on the middle layer. There are 120 subunits in the inner layer arranged with T=1 symme-try. These structural features are common to other members of the Reoviridae. Moreover, SDS-PAGE analysis showed that GCRV virions contain seven structural proteins (VP1-VP7). These structural proteins have a high degree of sequence homology to MRV, consistent with the structural similarities observed in our study. The high structural similarities of isolated GCRV and MRV suggest that future structural studies focusing on GCRV entering into and replicating within its host cell are necessary in order to fully understand the structural basis of GCRV pathogenesis.
文摘Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) uses high frequency alternating current to heat a volume of tissue around a needle electrode to induce focal coagulative necrosis with minimal injury to surrounding tissues. RFA can be performed via an open, laparoscopic, or image guided percutaneous approach and be performed under general or local anesthesia. Advances in delivery mechanisms, electrode designs, and higher power generators have increased the maximum volume that can be ablated, while maximizing oncological outcomes. In general, RFA is used to control local tumor growth, prevent recurrence, palliate symptoms, and improve survival in a subset of patients that are not candidates for surgical resection. It's equivalence to surgical resection has yet to be proven in large randomized control trials. Currently, the use of RFA has been well described as a primary or adjuvant treatment modality of limited but unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma, liver metastasis, especially colorectal cancer metastases, primary lung tumors, renal cell carcinoma, boney metastasis and osteoid osteomas. The role of RFA in the primary treatment of early stage breast cancer is still evolving. This review will discuss the general features of RFA and outline its role in commonly encountered solid tumors.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.39970647
文摘AIM: To investigate the roles of Fas signaling pathway in vitamin E succinate-induced apoptosis in human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells.METHODS: Human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells were treated with VES at 5, 10, 20 mg@L-1, succinic acid and vitamin E as vehicle control and condition media only as untreated (UT) control. Apoptotic morphology was observed by DAPI staining. Western blot analysis was applied to measure the expression of Fas, FADD and caspase-8 proteins. After the cells were transiently transfected with Fas and FADD antisense oligonucleotides, respectively, caspase-8 activity was determined by flurometric method.RESULTS: The morphologically apoptotic changes were observed after VES treatment by DAPI staining. 23.7 % and 89.6 % apoptosis occurred after 24 h and 48 h of 20 mg@L-1 VES treatment, respectively. The protein levels of Fas, FADD and caspase-8 were evidently increased in a dose-dependent manner after 24 h of VES treatment. The blockage of Fas by transfection with Fas antisense oligonucleotides obviously inhibited the expression of FADD protein. After SGC-7901 cells were transfected with Fas and FADD antisense oligonucleotides, caspase-8 activity was obviously decreased (P＜0.01), whereas Fas blocked more than FADD.CONCLUSION: VES-induced apoptosis in human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells involves Fas signaling pathway including the interaction of Fas, FADD and caspase-8.
文摘Purpose： Posttraumatic arthritis （PTA） may develop years after acetabular fracture, hindering joint function and causing significant chronic musculoskeletal pain. Given the delayed onset of PTA, few studies have assessed outcomes of delayed total hip arthroplasty （THA） in acetabular fracture patients. This study systematically reviewed the literature for outcomes of THA in patients with PTA and prior acetabular fracture. Methods： Pubmed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane library were searched for articles containing the keywords ＂acetabular＂, ＂fracture＂, ＂arthroplasty＂, and ＂post traumatic arthritis＂ published between 1995 and August 2017. Studies with less than 10 patients, less than 2 years of follow-up, conference abstracts, and non-English language articles were excluded. Data on patient demographics, surgical characteristics, and outcomes of delayed THA, including implant survival, complications, need for revision, and functional scores, was collected from eligible studies. Results： With 1830 studies were screened and data from 10 studies with 448 patients were included in this review, The median patient age on date of THA was 51.5 years, ranging from 19 to 90 years. The median time from fracture to THA was 37 months, with a range of 27-74 months. Mean follow-up times ranged from 4 to 20 years, The mean Harris hip scores （HHS） improved from 41.5 pre-operatively, to 87.6 post-operatively, The most prevalent postoperative complications were heterotopic ossification （28% -63%）, implant loosening （1%-24%）, and infection （0%-16%）. The minimum 5-year survival of implants ranged from 70% to 100%. Revision rates ranged from 2% to 32%. Conclusion： Despite the difficulties associated with performing THA in patients with PTA from previous acetabular fracture （including soft tissue scarring, existing hardware, and acetabular bone loss） and the relatively high complication rates, THA in patients with VIA following prior acetabular fracture leads to significant improvement in
文摘Oxygen evolution reaction(OER),as an important half‐reaction involved in water splitting,has been intensely studied since the last century.Transition metal phosphide and sulfide‐based compounds have attracted increasing attention as active OER catalysts due to their excellent physical and chemical characters,and massive efforts have been devoted to improving the phosphide and sulfide‐based materials with better activity and stability in recent years.In this review,the recent progress on phosphide and sulfide‐based OER electrocatalysts in terms of chemical properties,synthetic methodologies,catalytic performances evaluation and improvement strategy is reviewed.The most accepted reaction pathways as well as the thermodynamics and electrochemistry of the OER are firstly introduced in brief,followed by a summary of the recent research and optimization strategy of phosphide and sulfide‐based OER electrocatalysts.Finally,some mechanistic studies of the active phase of phosphide and sulfide‐based compounds are discussed to give insight into the nature of active catalytic sites.It is expected to indicate guidance for further improving the performances of phosphide and sulfide‐based OER electrocatalysts.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program Grant No. 2015CB943000)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 91519333 and 31471225)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. WK2070000034)
文摘An enormous amount of long non-coding RNAs（lnc RNAs） transcribed from eukaryotic genome are important regulators in different aspects of cellular events. Cytoplasm is the residence and the site of action for many lncRNAs. The cytoplasmic lncRNAs play indispensable roles with multiple molecular mechanisms in animal and human cells. In this review, we mainly talk about functions and the underlying mechanisms of lncRNAs in the cytoplasm. We highlight relatively well-studied examples of cytoplasmic lncRNAs for their roles in modulating mRNA stability,regulating m RNA translation, serving as competing endogenous RNAs, functioning as precursors of microRNAs, and mediating protein modifications. We also elaborate the perspectives of cytoplasmic lncRNA studies.
文摘Hyperlipidemia is a well-established risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease(CVD). The recent American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association guidelines on lipid management emphasize treatment of individuals at increased risk for developing CVD events with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors(statins) at doses proven to reduce CVD events. However, there are limited options for patients who are either intolerant to statin therapy, develop CVD despite being on maximally tolerated statin therapy, or have severe hypercholesterolemia. Recently the Food and Drug Administration approved two novel medications for low-density lipoprotein(LDL)-cholesterol reduction: Evolocumab and Alirocumab. These agents target and inactivate proprotein convertase subtilsinkexin type 9(PCSK9), a hepatic protease that attaches and internalizes LDL receptors into lysosomes hence promoting their destruction. By preventing LDL receptor destruction, LDL-C levels can be lowered 50%-60% above that achieved by statin therapy alone. This review explores PCSK-9 biology and the mechanisms available to alter it; clinical trials targeting PCSK9 activity, and the current state of clinically available inhibitors of PCSK9.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30070743
文摘AIM: Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is a significant healthproblem in China. But the molecular mechanisms of HCCremains unclear. APC/β-Catenin/Tcf signaling pathway, alsoknown as Wnt pathway, plays a critical role in thedevelopment and oncogenesis. As little is known about thealteration of human T-cell transcription factor-4 (hTcf-4) genein HCC, it is of interest to study the expression and mutationof hTcf-4 gene in HCC and the relationship between hTcf-4gene and progression of HCC.METHODS: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) method was used to detect the expression of hTcf-4 mRNA in 32 HCC and para-cancerous tissues and 5 normalliver tissues. PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism(PCR-SSCP) method was used to detect the mutation ofhTcf-4 exons 1, 4, 9 and 15 in HCC. The correlation ofexpression and mutation of the hTcf-4 gene withclinicopathological characteristics of HCC was also analyzed.RESULTS: RT-PCR showed that the expression rate of hTcf-4 mRNA in HCC, para-cancerous tissues and normal livertissues was 90.6 %, 71.9 % and 80 %, respectively. Thegene expression level in tumor was 0.71±0.13, much higherthan that in para-cancerous liver 0.29±0.05 and normal liver0.26±0.05 (P＜0.001), although there was no significantdifference in gene expression level between para-canceroustissues and normal liver (P＞0.05). Furthermore, hTcf-4 geneexpression was closely associated with tumor capsule statusand intrahepatic metastasis of HCC. On SSCP, 2 of 32 casesof HCC (6.25 %) displayed characteristic mutational mobilityshifts in exon 15 of the hTcf-4 gene. No abnormal shiftingbands were observed in para-cancerous tissues.CONCLUSION: The high expression level of hTcf-4 in HCC,especially in tumors with metastasis, suggests that the over-expression of hTcf-4 gene may be closely associated withdevelopment and progression of HCC, but the mutation ofthis gene seemed to play less important role in this respect.
基金Funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research,King Abdulaziz University,Jeddah under grant number(G-1436-156-590)
文摘Nowadays, use of alternative and complementary therapies with mainstream medicine has gained the momentum. Aromatherapy is one of the complementary therapies which use essential oils as the major therapeutic agents to treat several diseases. The essential or volatile oils are extracted from the flowers, barks, stem, leaves, roots, fruits and other parts of the plant by various methods. It came into existence after the scientists deciphered the antiseptic and skin permeability properties of essential oils. Inhalation, local application and baths are the major methods used in aromatherapy that utilize these oils to penetrate the human skin surface with marked aura. Once the oils are in the system, they remodulate themselves and work in a friendly manner at the site of malfunction or at the affected area. This type of therapy utilizes various permutation and combinations to get relief from numerous ailments like depression, indigestion, headache, insomnia, muscular pain, respiratory problems, skin ailments, swollen joints, urine associated complications etc. The essential oils are found to be more beneficial when other aspects of life and diet are given due consideration. This review explores the information available in the literature regarding therapeutic, medical, cosmetic, psychological, olfactory, massage aromatherapy, safety issues and different plants used in aromatherapy. All the available information was compiled from electronic databases such as Academic Journals, Ethnobotany, Google Scholar, PubM ed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and library search.
文摘Background: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play pivotal roles in various malignant tumors. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling is associated with the pathogenesis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). This study aimed to explore the role of LINC00520 in the development of cSCC via EGFR and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathways. Methods: A microarray analysis was applied to screen differentially expressed lncRNAs in cSCC samples. The A431 cSCC cell line was transfected and assigned different groups. The expression patterns of LINC00520, EGFR, and intermediates in the PI3K/Akt pathway were characterized using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting analysis. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were detected using the MTT assay, scratch test, and Transwell assay, respectively. Cell-based experiments and a tumorigenicity assay were conducted to assess the effect of LINC00520 on cSCC progression. This study was ended in September 2017. Comparisons between two groups were analyzed with t-test and comparisons among multiple groups were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. The nonparametric Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to analyze skewed data. The enumerated data were analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher exact test. Results: Data from chip GSE66359 revealed depletion of LINC00520 in cSCC. Cells transfected with LINC00520 vector and LINC00520 vector + si-EGFR showed elevated LINC00520 level but decreased levels of the EGFR, PI3K, AKT, VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNAs and proteins, and inhibition of the growth, migration and adhesion of cSCC cells, while the si-LINC00520 group showed opposite trends (all P < 0.05). Compared with the LINC00520 vector group, the LINC00520 vector + si-EGFR group showed decreased levels of the EGFR, PI3K, AKT, VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNAs and proteins, and inhibition of the growth, migration and adhesion of cSCC cells, while the LINC00520 vector+ EGFR vector group show
文摘BACKGROUND： Major complications after pancreaticoduo- denectomy are usually caused by a leaking pancreaticojejunal anastomosis. Omental flaps around various anastomoses were used to prevent the formation of fistula.
