The study aimed to test if Briganti’s 2012 nomogram could be associated with the risk of prostate cancer (PCa) progression in European Association of Urology (EAU) intermediate-risk patients treated with robotic surg...The study aimed to test if Briganti’s 2012 nomogram could be associated with the risk of prostate cancer (PCa) progression in European Association of Urology (EAU) intermediate-risk patients treated with robotic surgery. From January 2013 to December 2021, 527 consecutive patients belonging to the EAU intermediate-risk class were selected. Briganti’s 2012 nomogram, which predicts the risk of pelvic lymph node invasion (PLNI), was assessed as a continuous and dichotomous variable that categorized up to the median of 3.0%. Disease progression defined as biochemical recurrence and/or metastatic progression was evaluated by Cox proportional hazards (univariate and multivariate analysis). After a median follow-up of 95.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 78.5–111.4), PCa progression occurred in 108 (20.5%) patients who were more likely to present with an unfavorable nomogram risk score, independently by the occurrence of unfavorable pathology including tumor upgrading and upstaging as well as PLNI. Accordingly, as Briganti’s 2012 risk score increased, patients were more likely to experience disease progression (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.060;95% CI: 1.021–1.100;P = 0.002);moreover, it also remained significant when dichotomized above a risk score of 3.0% (HR = 2.052;95% CI: 1.298–3.243;P < 0.0001) after adjustment for clinical factors. In the studied risk population, PCa progression was independently predicted by Briganti’s 2012 nomogram. Specifically, we found that patients were more likely to experience disease progression as their risk score increased. Because of the significant association between risk score and tumor behavior, the nomogram can further stratify intermediate-risk PCa patients, who represent a heterogeneous risk category for which different treatment paradigms exist.展开更多
Model reference adaptive control is a viable control method to impose the demanded dynamics on plants whose parameters are affected by large uncertainty. In this paper, we show by means of experiments that robust adap...Model reference adaptive control is a viable control method to impose the demanded dynamics on plants whose parameters are affected by large uncertainty. In this paper, we show by means of experiments that robust adaptive methods can effectively face nonlinearities that are common to many automotive electromechanical devices. We consider here, as a representative case study, the control of a strongly nonlinear automotive actuator. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the method to cope with unmodeled nonlinear terms and unknown parameters. In addition, the engineering performance indexes computed on experimental data clearly show that the robust adaptive strategy provides better performance compared with those given by a classical model-based control solution with fixed gains.展开更多
The aim of this paper is to report an exceptional case of multiple internal exostoses of the ribs in a young patient affected by multiple hereditary exostoses(MHE) coming to our observation for chest pain as the only ...The aim of this paper is to report an exceptional case of multiple internal exostoses of the ribs in a young patient affected by multiple hereditary exostoses(MHE) coming to our observation for chest pain as the only symptom of an intra-thoracic localization. A 16 years old patient with familiar history of MHE came to our observation complaining a left-sided chest pain. This pain had increased in the last months with no correlation to a traumatic event. The computed tomography(CT) scan revealed the presence of three exostoses located on the left third, fourth and sixth ribs, all protruding into the thoracic cavity, directly in contact with visceral pleura. Moreover, the apex of the one located on the sixth rib revealed to be only 12 mm away from pericardium. Patient underwent video-assisted thoracoscopy with an additional 4-cm mini toracotomy approach. At the last 1-year followup, patient was very satisfied and no signs of recurrence or major complication had occured. In conclusion, chest pain could be the only symptom of an intra-thoracic exostoses localization, possibly leading to serious complications. Thoracic localization in MHE must be suspected when patients complain chest pain. A chest CT scan is indicated to confirm exostoses and to clarify relationship with surrounding structures. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery can be considered a valuable option for exostoses removal, alone or in addiction to a mini-thoracotomy approach, in order to reduce thoracotomy morbidity.展开更多
To predict oil and phenol concentrations in olive fruit,the combination of back propagation neural networks(BPNNs)and contact-less plant phenotyping techniques was employed to retrieve RGB image-based digital proxies ...To predict oil and phenol concentrations in olive fruit,the combination of back propagation neural networks(BPNNs)and contact-less plant phenotyping techniques was employed to retrieve RGB image-based digital proxies of oil and phenol concentrations.Fruits of cultivars(×3)differing in ripening time were sampled(~10-day interval,×2 years),pictured and analyzed for phenol and oil concentrations.Prior to this,fruit samples were pictured and images were segmented to extract the red(R),green(G),and blue(B)mean pixel values that were rearranged in 35 RGB-based colorimetric indexes.Three BPNNs were designed using as input variables(a)the original 35 RGB indexes,(b)the scores of principal components after a principal component analysis(PCA)pre-processing of those indexes,and(c)a reduced number(28)of the RGB indexes achieved after a sparse PCA.The results show that the predictions reached the highest mean R^(2) values ranging from 0.87 to 0.95(oil)and from 0.81 to 0.90(phenols)across the BPNNs.In addition to the R^(2),other performance metrics were calculated(root mean squared error and mean absolute error)and combined into a general performance indicator(GPI).The resulting rank of the GPI suggests that a BPNN with a specific topology might be designed for cultivars grouped according to their ripening period.The present study documented that an RGB-based image phenotyping can effectively predict key quality traits in olive fruit supporting the developing olive sector within a digital agriculture domain.展开更多
Even after a successful renal transplantation, the renal transplant recipients(RTRs) keeps on suffering the consequences of the uremic sickness. Cardiovascular risk, work capacity, and quality of life do not improve a...Even after a successful renal transplantation, the renal transplant recipients(RTRs) keeps on suffering the consequences of the uremic sickness. Cardiovascular risk, work capacity, and quality of life do not improve according to expectations since biological and psychological problems are not completely solved by pharmacological treatment. Furthermore, post-transplant treatment, per se, induces additional problems(i.e., side effects of drugs). It becomes, indeed, very important to insert "non-pharmacological" therapies able to reverse this trend. Exercise may represent an important contribution in the solution of this problem. In fact, many studies have demonstrated, in the last two decades, that physical training is able both, to improve graft function, work capacity and quality of life, and to reduce cardiovascular risk. In conclusion, if the analysis of the available data suggests that an appropriate dose of physical training represent a useful, safe and non-pharmacologic contribution to RTR treatment, it becomes a kidney transplantologist responsibility to introduce exercise in the current therapy of RTRs.展开更多
AIM： To elucidate cell proliferation in erosive reflux disease （ERD） and non-erosive reflux disease （NERD）, we evaluated markers in squamous epithelial cells.METHODS： Thirty-four consecutive patients with gas- t...AIM： To elucidate cell proliferation in erosive reflux disease （ERD） and non-erosive reflux disease （NERD）, we evaluated markers in squamous epithelial cells.METHODS： Thirty-four consecutive patients with gas- troesophageal-reflux-disease-related symptoms （21 NERD and 13 ERD） were evaluated for the enrolment into the study. All patients underwent 24-h pH moni- toring, standard endoscopy, and biopsy for histological evaluation. The expression of cyclins D and A was eval- uated by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） from isolated epithelial cells. In all samples, analysis of the isolated cell population revealed the presence of epithelial cells only.RESULTS： Real-time RT-PCR showed that, in patientswith ERD, the relative expression of cyclin D1 mRNA in esophageal epithelium was strongly decreased in comparison with NERD patients. The mean value of relative expression of cyclin D1 mRNA in NERD patients was 3.44 ± 1.9, whereas in ERD patients, it was 1.32 ± 0.87 （P = 0.011）. Real-time RT-PCR showed that, in patients with ERD, relative expression of cyclin A mRNA in esophageal epithelium was decreased in comparison with that in NERD patients （2.31 ± 2.87 vs 0.66 ± 1.11）. The mean bromodeoxyuridine labeling index in the NERD patients was 5.42% ± 1.68%, whereas in ERD patients, it was 4.3% ± 1.59%.展开更多
Cotton yields in Uzbekistan are significantly lower than those in similar agro-climatic regions,requiring the estimation of crop potential and baseline yield to track progress of production enhancement efforts.The cur...Cotton yields in Uzbekistan are significantly lower than those in similar agro-climatic regions,requiring the estimation of crop potential and baseline yield to track progress of production enhancement efforts.The current study estimated potential cotton development and baseline yield(maximum given no production constraints)using total heat units(THU)and potential cotton yield(PCY),respectively.Calculations were based on heat units(HU)for a 30-year(1984-2013)period.Long-term average THU and PCY,as well as PCY at three different exceedance probabilities(p=0.99,p=0.80,and p=0.75),were calculated for 21 selected weather stations across cotton-growing areas of Uzbekistan.After confirmation that the current planting date(April 15)is optimal,a comparison of THU with the accepted cotton production cutoff threshold(1444°C)suggested that areas with lower elevations and latitudes are more appropriate for cotton production.Yield gap analysis(relative difference between long-term average PCY and actual yields)confirmed that Uzbekistan cotton production is below potential,while the spatial distribution of yield gaps outlined where efforts should be targeted.Areas near the stations of Nukus,Kungrad,Chimbay,and Syrdarya should be further investigated as benefit/cost ratio is highest in these areas.A comparison between state-set yield targets and PCY values,taking into account climatic variability,suggested that all areas except Jaslyk,Nurata,and Samarkand have safe,appropriate targets.These results present a starting-point to aid in strategic actions for Uzbekistan cotton production improvement.展开更多
相信许多同学早就知道了美国感恩节的来历,以及美国人在过节时吃火鸡的传统。可是,你知道吗?在每年感恩节被美国人吃掉的近五千万只火鸡当中,总会有两只特别幸运地受到总统的救免,逃过被摆上餐桌的厄运。一起来了解一下这背后的趣事吧。...相信许多同学早就知道了美国感恩节的来历,以及美国人在过节时吃火鸡的传统。可是,你知道吗?在每年感恩节被美国人吃掉的近五千万只火鸡当中,总会有两只特别幸运地受到总统的救免,逃过被摆上餐桌的厄运。一起来了解一下这背后的趣事吧。The annual presidential turkeypardoning event at the White House is a 3)peculiar one.There’s always lots of laughter for a4) lighthearted moment,but the truth behind展开更多
Uterine anomalies are mainly associated with improper development of Mullerian ducts. To our knowledge, reports describing the use of a da Vinci Robot System for treating an endometrial cancer in a woman with an abnor...Uterine anomalies are mainly associated with improper development of Mullerian ducts. To our knowledge, reports describing the use of a da Vinci Robot System for treating an endometrial cancer in a woman with an abnormal uterus are lacking. Here, we reported the description of two extremely obese women, affected by endometrial cancer and presenting bicornuate-bicollis and didelphic uterus have been treated by Robot System-assisted surgery. No operative and postoperative complications were recorded. Both women are disease-free to follow-up. A robot-assisted surgery could represent an effective treatment option for complex hysterectomies and in complicated patients, as those showing an extreme obesity.展开更多
Background and aims:Open-access scheduling is highly utilized for facilitating generally low-risk endoscopies.Preprocedural screening addresses sedation requirements;however,procedural safety may be compromised if scr...Background and aims:Open-access scheduling is highly utilized for facilitating generally low-risk endoscopies.Preprocedural screening addresses sedation requirements;however,procedural safety may be compromised if screening is inaccurate.We sought to determine the reliability of our open-access scheduling system for appropriate use of conscious sedation.Methods:We prospectively and consecutively enrolled outpatient procedures booked at an academic center by open-access using screening after in-office gastroenterology(GI)consultation.We collected the cases inappropriately booked for conscious sedation and compared the characteristics for significant differences.Results:A total of 8063 outpatients were scheduled for procedures with conscious sedation,and 5959 were booked with open-access.Only 78 patients(0.97%,78/8063)were identified as subsequently needing anesthesiologist-assisted sedation;44(56.4%,44/78)were booked through open-access,of which chronic opioid(47.7%,21/44)or benzodiazepine use(34.1%,15/44)were the most common reasons for needing anesthesiologist-assisted sedation.Patients on chronic benzodiazepines required more midazolam than those not on chronic benzodiazepines(P=0.03)of those patients who underwent conscious sedation.Similarly,patients with chronic opioid use required more fentanyl than those without chronic opioid use(P=0.04).Advanced liver disease and alcohol use were common reasons for patients being booked after in-office consultation and were significantly higher than those booked with open-access(both P<0.01).Conclusions:We observed that the majority of patients can be triaged for conscious sedation using a multi-tiered screening process.Importantly,few patients(<1.0%)were inappropriately booked for conscious sedation.The most common reasons for considering anesthesiologist-assisted sedation were chronic opioid,benzodiazepine and/or alcohol use and advanced liver disease.This suggests that these entities could be included in screening processes for open-access scheduling.展开更多
We present a novel approach to transient Raman spectroscopy,which combines stochastic probe pulses and a covariance-based detection to measure stimulated Raman signals in alpha-quartz.A coherent broadband pump is used...We present a novel approach to transient Raman spectroscopy,which combines stochastic probe pulses and a covariance-based detection to measure stimulated Raman signals in alpha-quartz.A coherent broadband pump is used to simultaneously impulsively excite a range of different phonon modes,and the phase,amplitude,and energy of each mode are independently recovered as a function of the pump-probe delay by a noisy-probe and covariance-based analysis.Our experimental results and the associated theoretical description demonstrate the feasibility of 2D-Raman experiments based on the stochastic-probe schemes,with new capabilities not available in equivalent mean-value-based 2D-Raman techniques.This work unlocks the gate for nonlinear spectroscopies to capitalize on the information hidden within the noise and overlooked by a mean-value analysis.展开更多
文摘The study aimed to test if Briganti’s 2012 nomogram could be associated with the risk of prostate cancer (PCa) progression in European Association of Urology (EAU) intermediate-risk patients treated with robotic surgery. From January 2013 to December 2021, 527 consecutive patients belonging to the EAU intermediate-risk class were selected. Briganti’s 2012 nomogram, which predicts the risk of pelvic lymph node invasion (PLNI), was assessed as a continuous and dichotomous variable that categorized up to the median of 3.0%. Disease progression defined as biochemical recurrence and/or metastatic progression was evaluated by Cox proportional hazards (univariate and multivariate analysis). After a median follow-up of 95.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 78.5–111.4), PCa progression occurred in 108 (20.5%) patients who were more likely to present with an unfavorable nomogram risk score, independently by the occurrence of unfavorable pathology including tumor upgrading and upstaging as well as PLNI. Accordingly, as Briganti’s 2012 risk score increased, patients were more likely to experience disease progression (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.060;95% CI: 1.021–1.100;P = 0.002);moreover, it also remained significant when dichotomized above a risk score of 3.0% (HR = 2.052;95% CI: 1.298–3.243;P < 0.0001) after adjustment for clinical factors. In the studied risk population, PCa progression was independently predicted by Briganti’s 2012 nomogram. Specifically, we found that patients were more likely to experience disease progression as their risk score increased. Because of the significant association between risk score and tumor behavior, the nomogram can further stratify intermediate-risk PCa patients, who represent a heterogeneous risk category for which different treatment paradigms exist.
文摘Model reference adaptive control is a viable control method to impose the demanded dynamics on plants whose parameters are affected by large uncertainty. In this paper, we show by means of experiments that robust adaptive methods can effectively face nonlinearities that are common to many automotive electromechanical devices. We consider here, as a representative case study, the control of a strongly nonlinear automotive actuator. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the method to cope with unmodeled nonlinear terms and unknown parameters. In addition, the engineering performance indexes computed on experimental data clearly show that the robust adaptive strategy provides better performance compared with those given by a classical model-based control solution with fixed gains.
文摘The aim of this paper is to report an exceptional case of multiple internal exostoses of the ribs in a young patient affected by multiple hereditary exostoses(MHE) coming to our observation for chest pain as the only symptom of an intra-thoracic localization. A 16 years old patient with familiar history of MHE came to our observation complaining a left-sided chest pain. This pain had increased in the last months with no correlation to a traumatic event. The computed tomography(CT) scan revealed the presence of three exostoses located on the left third, fourth and sixth ribs, all protruding into the thoracic cavity, directly in contact with visceral pleura. Moreover, the apex of the one located on the sixth rib revealed to be only 12 mm away from pericardium. Patient underwent video-assisted thoracoscopy with an additional 4-cm mini toracotomy approach. At the last 1-year followup, patient was very satisfied and no signs of recurrence or major complication had occured. In conclusion, chest pain could be the only symptom of an intra-thoracic exostoses localization, possibly leading to serious complications. Thoracic localization in MHE must be suspected when patients complain chest pain. A chest CT scan is indicated to confirm exostoses and to clarify relationship with surrounding structures. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery can be considered a valuable option for exostoses removal, alone or in addiction to a mini-thoracotomy approach, in order to reduce thoracotomy morbidity.
基金funded by the 2014–2020 Rural Development Programme for Basilicata Region[Misura 16.2,ORGOLIO,CUP C38I19000050006]the Programma Operativo Nazionale《Imprese e Competitività》2014–2020 FESR of Ministero Sviluppo Economico(Project n.F/200058/01-02/X45,Decree n.0110536 dated 2020 April 15)Project E.A.Sy.,Ecological sustainability in Agriculture Systems.
文摘To predict oil and phenol concentrations in olive fruit,the combination of back propagation neural networks(BPNNs)and contact-less plant phenotyping techniques was employed to retrieve RGB image-based digital proxies of oil and phenol concentrations.Fruits of cultivars(×3)differing in ripening time were sampled(~10-day interval,×2 years),pictured and analyzed for phenol and oil concentrations.Prior to this,fruit samples were pictured and images were segmented to extract the red(R),green(G),and blue(B)mean pixel values that were rearranged in 35 RGB-based colorimetric indexes.Three BPNNs were designed using as input variables(a)the original 35 RGB indexes,(b)the scores of principal components after a principal component analysis(PCA)pre-processing of those indexes,and(c)a reduced number(28)of the RGB indexes achieved after a sparse PCA.The results show that the predictions reached the highest mean R^(2) values ranging from 0.87 to 0.95(oil)and from 0.81 to 0.90(phenols)across the BPNNs.In addition to the R^(2),other performance metrics were calculated(root mean squared error and mean absolute error)and combined into a general performance indicator(GPI).The resulting rank of the GPI suggests that a BPNN with a specific topology might be designed for cultivars grouped according to their ripening period.The present study documented that an RGB-based image phenotyping can effectively predict key quality traits in olive fruit supporting the developing olive sector within a digital agriculture domain.
文摘Even after a successful renal transplantation, the renal transplant recipients(RTRs) keeps on suffering the consequences of the uremic sickness. Cardiovascular risk, work capacity, and quality of life do not improve according to expectations since biological and psychological problems are not completely solved by pharmacological treatment. Furthermore, post-transplant treatment, per se, induces additional problems(i.e., side effects of drugs). It becomes, indeed, very important to insert "non-pharmacological" therapies able to reverse this trend. Exercise may represent an important contribution in the solution of this problem. In fact, many studies have demonstrated, in the last two decades, that physical training is able both, to improve graft function, work capacity and quality of life, and to reduce cardiovascular risk. In conclusion, if the analysis of the available data suggests that an appropriate dose of physical training represent a useful, safe and non-pharmacologic contribution to RTR treatment, it becomes a kidney transplantologist responsibility to introduce exercise in the current therapy of RTRs.
文摘AIM： To elucidate cell proliferation in erosive reflux disease （ERD） and non-erosive reflux disease （NERD）, we evaluated markers in squamous epithelial cells.METHODS： Thirty-four consecutive patients with gas- troesophageal-reflux-disease-related symptoms （21 NERD and 13 ERD） were evaluated for the enrolment into the study. All patients underwent 24-h pH moni- toring, standard endoscopy, and biopsy for histological evaluation. The expression of cyclins D and A was eval- uated by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） from isolated epithelial cells. In all samples, analysis of the isolated cell population revealed the presence of epithelial cells only.RESULTS： Real-time RT-PCR showed that, in patientswith ERD, the relative expression of cyclin D1 mRNA in esophageal epithelium was strongly decreased in comparison with NERD patients. The mean value of relative expression of cyclin D1 mRNA in NERD patients was 3.44 ± 1.9, whereas in ERD patients, it was 1.32 ± 0.87 （P = 0.011）. Real-time RT-PCR showed that, in patients with ERD, relative expression of cyclin A mRNA in esophageal epithelium was decreased in comparison with that in NERD patients （2.31 ± 2.87 vs 0.66 ± 1.11）. The mean bromodeoxyuridine labeling index in the NERD patients was 5.42% ± 1.68%, whereas in ERD patients, it was 4.3% ± 1.59%.
基金the CGIAR Research Program on Dryland Systems led by the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas(ICARDA).Dryland Systems is supported by these donors(http://drylandsystems.cgiar.org/partner-focus).
文摘Cotton yields in Uzbekistan are significantly lower than those in similar agro-climatic regions,requiring the estimation of crop potential and baseline yield to track progress of production enhancement efforts.The current study estimated potential cotton development and baseline yield(maximum given no production constraints)using total heat units(THU)and potential cotton yield(PCY),respectively.Calculations were based on heat units(HU)for a 30-year(1984-2013)period.Long-term average THU and PCY,as well as PCY at three different exceedance probabilities(p=0.99,p=0.80,and p=0.75),were calculated for 21 selected weather stations across cotton-growing areas of Uzbekistan.After confirmation that the current planting date(April 15)is optimal,a comparison of THU with the accepted cotton production cutoff threshold(1444°C)suggested that areas with lower elevations and latitudes are more appropriate for cotton production.Yield gap analysis(relative difference between long-term average PCY and actual yields)confirmed that Uzbekistan cotton production is below potential,while the spatial distribution of yield gaps outlined where efforts should be targeted.Areas near the stations of Nukus,Kungrad,Chimbay,and Syrdarya should be further investigated as benefit/cost ratio is highest in these areas.A comparison between state-set yield targets and PCY values,taking into account climatic variability,suggested that all areas except Jaslyk,Nurata,and Samarkand have safe,appropriate targets.These results present a starting-point to aid in strategic actions for Uzbekistan cotton production improvement.
文摘相信许多同学早就知道了美国感恩节的来历,以及美国人在过节时吃火鸡的传统。可是,你知道吗?在每年感恩节被美国人吃掉的近五千万只火鸡当中,总会有两只特别幸运地受到总统的救免,逃过被摆上餐桌的厄运。一起来了解一下这背后的趣事吧。The annual presidential turkeypardoning event at the White House is a 3)peculiar one.There’s always lots of laughter for a4) lighthearted moment,but the truth behind
文摘Uterine anomalies are mainly associated with improper development of Mullerian ducts. To our knowledge, reports describing the use of a da Vinci Robot System for treating an endometrial cancer in a woman with an abnormal uterus are lacking. Here, we reported the description of two extremely obese women, affected by endometrial cancer and presenting bicornuate-bicollis and didelphic uterus have been treated by Robot System-assisted surgery. No operative and postoperative complications were recorded. Both women are disease-free to follow-up. A robot-assisted surgery could represent an effective treatment option for complex hysterectomies and in complicated patients, as those showing an extreme obesity.
文摘Background and aims:Open-access scheduling is highly utilized for facilitating generally low-risk endoscopies.Preprocedural screening addresses sedation requirements;however,procedural safety may be compromised if screening is inaccurate.We sought to determine the reliability of our open-access scheduling system for appropriate use of conscious sedation.Methods:We prospectively and consecutively enrolled outpatient procedures booked at an academic center by open-access using screening after in-office gastroenterology(GI)consultation.We collected the cases inappropriately booked for conscious sedation and compared the characteristics for significant differences.Results:A total of 8063 outpatients were scheduled for procedures with conscious sedation,and 5959 were booked with open-access.Only 78 patients(0.97%,78/8063)were identified as subsequently needing anesthesiologist-assisted sedation;44(56.4%,44/78)were booked through open-access,of which chronic opioid(47.7%,21/44)or benzodiazepine use(34.1%,15/44)were the most common reasons for needing anesthesiologist-assisted sedation.Patients on chronic benzodiazepines required more midazolam than those not on chronic benzodiazepines(P=0.03)of those patients who underwent conscious sedation.Similarly,patients with chronic opioid use required more fentanyl than those without chronic opioid use(P=0.04).Advanced liver disease and alcohol use were common reasons for patients being booked after in-office consultation and were significantly higher than those booked with open-access(both P<0.01).Conclusions:We observed that the majority of patients can be triaged for conscious sedation using a multi-tiered screening process.Importantly,few patients(<1.0%)were inappropriately booked for conscious sedation.The most common reasons for considering anesthesiologist-assisted sedation were chronic opioid,benzodiazepine and/or alcohol use and advanced liver disease.This suggests that these entities could be included in screening processes for open-access scheduling.
基金This work was supported by the European Commission through the European Research Council(ERC)Starting Grant Project“Inhomogenieties and Fluctuations in Quantum Coherent Matter Phases by Ultrafast Optical Tomography(INCEPT)”(Grant#677488)DF aknowledges the support of ERC Proof of Concept grant COBRAS(Grant#860365)+2 种基金This work has been performed using the LEGEND laser source made available by the Nanoscience Foundry and Fine Analysis(NFFA-MIUR Italy Progetti Internazionali)facilityS.M.C.gratefully acknowledges the support of the Alexander von Humboldt foundation through the Feodor Lynen programS.M.C.and S.M.gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation(Grant CHE1953045).
文摘We present a novel approach to transient Raman spectroscopy,which combines stochastic probe pulses and a covariance-based detection to measure stimulated Raman signals in alpha-quartz.A coherent broadband pump is used to simultaneously impulsively excite a range of different phonon modes,and the phase,amplitude,and energy of each mode are independently recovered as a function of the pump-probe delay by a noisy-probe and covariance-based analysis.Our experimental results and the associated theoretical description demonstrate the feasibility of 2D-Raman experiments based on the stochastic-probe schemes,with new capabilities not available in equivalent mean-value-based 2D-Raman techniques.This work unlocks the gate for nonlinear spectroscopies to capitalize on the information hidden within the noise and overlooked by a mean-value analysis.
