A study was conducted to evaluate the current production capabilities of the Mark One? 3D printer in printing carbon fibre reinforced thermoplastic (CFRTP) tensile test specimens according to the JIS K 7073 by making ...A study was conducted to evaluate the current production capabilities of the Mark One? 3D printer in printing carbon fibre reinforced thermoplastic (CFRTP) tensile test specimens according to the JIS K 7073 by making use of fused deposition modelling. Several different types of CFRTP tensile test specimens are printed and are tensile tested in the longitudinal direction to obtain an overview of the mechanical properties of 3D printed CFRTP material. These properties are compared with the literature values known for composite materials to see if these agree. The main goal of this research is to increase the knowledge of the 3D printing process of CFRTP and to later use this knowledge to further improve the 3D printing process to obtain stronger 3D printed CFRTP materials.展开更多
Although auxin and brassinosteroid （BR） synergistically control various plant responses, the molecular mechanism underlying the auxin-BR crosstalk is not wen understood. We previously identified SMOS1, an auxin-regu...Although auxin and brassinosteroid （BR） synergistically control various plant responses, the molecular mechanism underlying the auxin-BR crosstalk is not wen understood. We previously identified SMOS1, an auxin-regulated APETALA2-type transcription factor, as the causal gene of the small organ size 1 （smosl） mutant that is characterized by a decreased final size of various organs in rice. In this study, we identified another smos mutant, smos2, which shows the phenotype indistinguishable from smosl. SMOS2 was identical to the previously reported DWARF AND LOWoTILLERING （DLT）, which encodes a GRAS protein involved in BR signaling. SMOS1 and SMOS2/DLT physically interact to cooperatively enhance transcriptional transactivation activity in yeast and in rice nuclei. Consistently, the expression of OsPHI-1, a direct target of SMOS1, is upregulated only when SMOS1 and SMOS2/DLT proteins are both present in rice ceils. Taken together, our results suggest that SMOS1 and SMOS2/DLT form a keystone complex on auxin-BR signaling crosstalk in rice.展开更多
There is no standard treatment for peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) from gastric cancer.A novel multidisciplinary treatment combining bidirectional chemotherapy [neoadjuvant intraperitoneal-systemic chemotherapy protoco...There is no standard treatment for peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) from gastric cancer.A novel multidisciplinary treatment combining bidirectional chemotherapy [neoadjuvant intraperitoneal-systemic chemotherapy protocol (NIPS)],peritonectomy,hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemoperfusion (HIPEC) and early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy has been developed.In this article,we assess the indications,safety and eff icacy of this treatment,review the relevant studies and introduce our experiences.The aims of NIPS are stage reduction,the eradication of peritoneal free cancer cells,and an increased incidence of complete cytoreduction (CC-0) for PC.A complete response after NIPS was ob-tained in 15 (50%) out of 30 patients with PC.Thus,a signif icantly high incidence of CC-0 can be obtained in patients with a peritoneal cancer index (PCI) ≤ 6.Using a multivariate analysis to examine the survival benef it,CC-0 and NIPS are identified as significant indicators of a good outcome.However,the high morbidity and mortality rates associated with peritonectomy and perioperative chemotherapy make stringent patient selection important.The best indications for multidisciplinary therapy are localized PC (PCI≤6) from resectable gastric cancer that can be completely removed during a peritonectomy.NIPS and complete cytoreduction are essential treatment modalities for improving the survival of patients with PC from gastric cancer.展开更多
Single-incision laparoscopic surgery is a rapidly evolving field as a bridge between traditional laparoscopic surgery and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery.We report one of the initial clinical experienc...Single-incision laparoscopic surgery is a rapidly evolving field as a bridge between traditional laparoscopic surgery and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery.We report one of the initial clinical experiences in Japan with this new technique.Four cases of gallbladder diseases were selected for this new technique.A single curved intra-umbilical 25-mm incision was made by pulling out the umbilicus.A 12-mm trocar was placed through an open approach,and the abdominal cavity was explored with a 10-mm semiflexible laparoscope.Two 5-mm ports were inserted laterally from the laparoscope port.A 2-mm mini-loop retractor was inserted to retract the fundus of the gallbladder.Dissection was performed using an electric cautery hook and an Endograsper roticulator.There were two women and two men with a mean age of 50.5 years(range:40-61 years).All procedures were completed successfully without any perioperative complications.In all cases,there was no need to extend the skin incision.Average operative time was 88.8 min.Postoperative follow-up didnot reveal any umbili-cal wound complication.Single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy is feasible and a promising alternative method as scarless abdominal surgery for the treatment of some patients with gallbladder disease.展开更多
Quantum dots are the nanoparticles that are recently emerging as an alternative to organic fluorescence probes in cell biology and biomedicine,and have several predictive advantages.These include their i)broad absorpt...Quantum dots are the nanoparticles that are recently emerging as an alternative to organic fluorescence probes in cell biology and biomedicine,and have several predictive advantages.These include their i)broad absorption spectra allowing visualization with single light source,ii)exceptional photo-stability allowing long term studies and iii)narrow and symmetrical emission spectrum that is controlled by their size and material composition.These unique properties allow simultaneous excitation of different size of quantum dots with a single excitation light source,their simultaneous resolution and visualization as different colors.At present there are only a few studies that have tested quantum dots in cellular imaging.We describe here the use of quantum dots in mortalin imaging of normal and cancer cells.Mortalin staining pattern with quantum dots in both normal and cancer cells mimicked those obtained with organic florescence probes and were considerably stable.展开更多
Objective： Acute myeloid leukemia progressed from myelodysplastic syndrome （MDS/AML） is generally incurable with poor prognosis for complex karyotype including monosomy 7 （-7）. Qinghuang Powder （青黄, QHP）, whi...Objective： Acute myeloid leukemia progressed from myelodysplastic syndrome （MDS/AML） is generally incurable with poor prognosis for complex karyotype including monosomy 7 （-7）. Qinghuang Powder （青黄, QHP）, which includes Qing Dai （ Indigo naturalis） and Xiong Huang （realgar） in the formula, is effective in treating MDS or MDS/AML even with the unfavorable karyotype, and its therapeutic efficacy could be enhanced by increasing the Xiong huang content in the formula, while Xiong huang contains 〉 90% arsenic disulfide （As2S2）. F-36p cell line was established from a MDS/AML patient with complex karyotype including -7, and was in cytokine-dependent. The present study was to investigate the effects of As2S2 on F-36p cells. Methods： Cell proliferation was measured by an 3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide （MTT） assay. Cell apoptosis was identified by Annexin V-staining. Cell viability was determined by a propidium iodide （PI） exclusion. Erythroid differentiation was evaluated by the expression of cell surface antigen CD235a （GpA）. Results： After treatment with As2S2 at concentrations of 0.5 to 16 p. mol/L for 72 h, As2S2 inhibited the proliferation of F-36p cells. The 50% inhibitory concentrations （IC50） of As2S2 against the proliferation of F-36p cells was 6 I~ mol/L. The apoptotic cells significantly increased in a dose-dependent mannar （P〈0.05）. The cell viabilities were significantly inhibited by As2S2 dose-dependent in a dose-dependent manner （P〈0.05）. Significant increases of CD235a-positive cells were concurrently observed （P〈0.05） also in a dose- dependent manner. Conclusions： As2S2 could inhibit proliferation and viability, induce apoptosis, and concurrently promote erythroid differentiation dose-dependently in F-36p cells. As2S2 can inhibit proliferation and viability, induce apoptosis, and concurrently promote erythroid differentiation in cytokine-dependent MDS-progressed human leukemia cell line F-36p with co展开更多
Lodging has been a major roadblock to attaining increased crop productivity. In an attempt to understand the mechanism for culm strength in rice, we isolated an effective quantitative trait locus （QTL）, STRONG CULM3...Lodging has been a major roadblock to attaining increased crop productivity. In an attempt to understand the mechanism for culm strength in rice, we isolated an effective quantitative trait locus （QTL）, STRONG CULM3 （SCM3）, the causal gene of which is identical to rice TEOSINTE BRANCHED1 （OsTB1）, a gene previously reported to positively control strigolactone （SL） signaling. A near-isogenic line （NIL） carrying SCM3 showed enhanced culm strength and increased spikelet number despite the expected decrease in tiller number, indicating that SL also has a positive role in enhancing culm strength and spikelet number. We produced a pyramiding line carrying SCM3 and SCM2, another QTL encoding AP01 involved in panicle development. The NIL-SCM2＋SCM3 showed a much stronger culm than NIL-SCM2 and NIL-SCM3 and an increased spikelet number caused by the additive effect of these QTLs. We discuss the importance of utilizing suitable alleles of these STRONG CULM QTLs without inducing detrimental traits for breeding.展开更多
We report the case of a patient treated with living donor-related liver transplantation who suffered from osteomalacia during adefovir dipivoxil (ADV)-containing antiviral therapy for lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B ...We report the case of a patient treated with living donor-related liver transplantation who suffered from osteomalacia during adefovir dipivoxil (ADV)-containing antiviral therapy for lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus infection. The patient had generalized bone pain,with severe hypophosphatemia after 20 mo of ADV therapy. Radiographic studies demonstrated the presence of osteomalacia. The peak plasma ADV level was 38 ng/mL after administration of ADV at 10mg/day. It was also found that ADV affected the metabolism of tacrolimus,a calcineurin-inhibitor,and caused an increase in the plasma levels of tacrolimus. The disability was reversed with the withdrawal of ADV and with mineral supplementation. ADV can cause an elevation of plasma tacrolimus levels,which may be associated with renal dysfunction. High levels of ADV and tacrolimus can cause nephrotoxicity and osteomalacia. This case highlights the importance of considering a diagnosis of osteomalacia in liver transplantation recipients treated with both ADV and tacrolimus.展开更多
AIM: To determine the effect of single-incision laparoscopic colectomy(SILC) for colorectal cancer on short-term clinical and oncological outcomes by comparison with multiport conventional laparoscopic colectomy(CLC)....AIM: To determine the effect of single-incision laparoscopic colectomy(SILC) for colorectal cancer on short-term clinical and oncological outcomes by comparison with multiport conventional laparoscopic colectomy(CLC).METHODS: A systematic review was performed using MEDLINE for the time period of 2008 to December 2014 to retrieve all relevant literature. The search terms were "laparoscopy", "single incision", "single port", "single site", "SILS", "LESS" and "colorectal cancer". Publications were included if they were randomized controlled trials, case-matched controlled studies, or comparative studies, in which patients underwent single-incision(SILS or LESS) laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Studies were excluded if they were non-comparative, or not including surgery involving the colon or rectum. A total of 15 studies with 589 patients who underwent SILC for colorectal cancer were selected.RESULTS: No significant differences between the groups were noted in terms of mortality or morbidity. The benefit of the SILC approach included reduction in conversion rate to laparotomy, but there were no significant differences in other short-term clinical outcomes between the groups. Satisfactory oncological surgical quality was also demonstrated for SILC for the treatment of colorectal cancer with a similar average lymph node harvest and proximal and distal resection margin length as multiport CLC.CONCLUSION: SILC can be performed safely with similar short-term clinical and oncological outcomes as multiport CLC.展开更多
Continuous fiber reinforced polymer composites(CFRPC)have been widely used in the field of automobile,air-craft,and space due to light weight,high specific strength and modulus in comparison with metal as well as allo...Continuous fiber reinforced polymer composites(CFRPC)have been widely used in the field of automobile,air-craft,and space due to light weight,high specific strength and modulus in comparison with metal as well as alloys.Innovation on 3D printing of CFRPCs opened a new era for the design and fabrication of complicated composite structure with high performance and low cost.3D printing of CFRPCs provided an enabling technol-ogy to bridge the gaps between advanced materials and innovative structures.State-of-art has been reviewed according to the correlations of materials,structure,process,and performance as well as functions in 3D printing of CFRPCs.Typical applications and future perspective for 3D printing of CFRPCs were illustrated in order to grasp the opportunities and face the challenges,which need much more interdisciplinary researches covering the advanced materials,process and equipment,structural design,and final smart performance.展开更多
AIM: To determine the efficacy of multislice CT for gastroenteric and hepatic surgery.METHODS: Dual-phase helical computed tomography was performed in 50 of 51 patients who underwent gastroenteric and hepatic surgerie...AIM: To determine the efficacy of multislice CT for gastroenteric and hepatic surgery.METHODS: Dual-phase helical computed tomography was performed in 50 of 51 patients who underwent gastroenteric and hepatic surgeries. Twenty-eight, eighteen and four patients suffering from colorectal cancer, gastric cancer,and liver cancer respectively underwent colorectal surgery (laparoscopic surgery: 6 cases), gastrectomy, and hepatectomy. Three-dimensional computed tomography imaging of the inferior mesenteric artery, celiac artery and hepatic artery was performed. And in the follow-up examination of postoperative patients, multiplanar reconstruction image was made in case of need.RESULTS: Scans in 50 patients were technically satisfactory and included in the analysis. Depiction of major visceral arteries, which were important for surgery and other treatments, could be done in all patients.Preoperative visualization of the left colic artery and sigmoidal arteries, the celiac artery and its branches, and hepatic artery was very useful to lymph node dissection,the planning of a reservoir and hepatectomy. And multiplanar reconstruction image was helpful to diagnosis for the postoperative follow-up of patients.CONCLUSION: Three-dimensional volume rendering or multiplanar reconstruction imaging performed by multislice computed tomography was very useful for gastroenteric and hepatic surgeries.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the chemotherapeutic outcomes and confirm the recent improvement of prognosis for unresectable biliary tract cancer.METHODS:A total of 186 consecutive patients with unresectable biliary tract cancer,wh...AIM:To evaluate the chemotherapeutic outcomes and confirm the recent improvement of prognosis for unresectable biliary tract cancer.METHODS:A total of 186 consecutive patients with unresectable biliary tract cancer,who had been treated with chemotherapy between 2000 and 2009 at five institutions in Japan,were retrospectively analyzed.These patients were divided into three groups based on the year beginning chemotherapy:Group A(2000-2003),Group B(2004-2006),and Group C(2007-2009).The data were fixed at the end of December 2011.Overall survival and time-to-progression were analyzed and compared chronologically.RESULTS:No patient characteristics were significantly different among the three groups.The gallbladder was involved in about half of the patients in each group,and metastatic biliary tract cancer was present in three quarters of the enrollees.In Group A,5-fluorouracilbased chemotherapies were primarily selected as firstline chemotherapy,and only 24% were treated with second-line chemotherapy.In Group B,gemcitabine or S-1 monotherapy was mainly introduced as firstline chemotherapy,and 51% of the patients who were refractory to first-line chemotherapy were treated with second-line chemotherapy mainly with monotherapy.In Group C,the combination therapy with gemcitabine and S-1 was mainly chosen as first-line chemotherapy,and 53% of the patients refractory to first-line chemotherapy were treated with second-line chemotherapy mainly with combination therapy.The median timeto-progressions were 4.4 mo,3.5 mo and 5.9 mo in Groups A,B and C,respectively(4.4 mo vs 3.5 mo vs 5.9 mo,P < 0.01).The median overall survivals were 7.1,7.3,and 11.7 mo in Groups A,B and C(7.1 mo vs 7.3 mo vs 11.7 mo,P = 0.03).Induction rates of all three drugs(gemcitabine,platinum analogs,and fluoropyrimidine) in Groups A,B and C were 4%,2% and 27%(4% vs 2% vs 27%,P < 0.01).CONCLUSION:The prognosis of unresectable biliary tract cancer has improved recently.Using three effective drugs(gemcitabine,platinum analogs,and fluoropyrimidine) may improv展开更多
BACKGROUND We recently reported on a hereditary enteropathy associated with a gene encoding a prostaglandin transporter and referred to as chronic enteropathy associated with SLCO2 A1 gene(CEAS). Crohn's disease(C...BACKGROUND We recently reported on a hereditary enteropathy associated with a gene encoding a prostaglandin transporter and referred to as chronic enteropathy associated with SLCO2 A1 gene(CEAS). Crohn's disease(CD) is a major differential diagnosis of CEAS, because these diseases share some clinical features. Therefore, there is a need to develop a convenient screening test to distinguish CEAS from CD.AIM To examine whether prostaglandin E major urinary metabolites(PGE-MUM) can serve as a biomarker to distinguish CEAS from CD.METHODS This was a transactional study of 20 patients with CEAS and 98 patients with CD.CEAS was diagnosed by the confirmation of homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation of SLCO2 A1. We measured the concentration of PGEMUM in spot urine by radioimmunoassay, and the concentration was compared between the two groups of patients. We also determined the optimal cut-off value of PGE-MUM to distinguish CEAS from CD by receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve analysis.RESULTS Twenty Japanese patients with CEAS and 98 patients with CD were enrolled.PGE-MUM concentration in patients with CEAS was significantly higher than that in patients with CD(median 102.7 vs 27.9 μg/g × Cre, P < 0.0001). One log unit increase in PGE-MUM contributed to 7.3 increase in the likelihood for the diagnosis of CEAS [95% confidence interval(CI) 3.2-16.7]. A logistic regression analysis revealed that the association was significant even after adjusting confounding factors(adjusted odds ratio 29.6, 95%CI 4.7-185.7). ROC curve analysis revealed the optimal PGE-MUM cut-off value for the distinction of CEAS from CD to be 48.9 μg/g × Cre with 95.0% sensitivity and 79.6% specificity.CONCLUSION PGE-MUM measurement is a convenient, non-invasive and useful test for the distinction of CEAS from CD.展开更多
In order to establish the design methodology of an ultra micro centrifugal compressor, which is the most important component of an ultra micro gas turbine unit, a 10 times size of the final target compressor （impelle...In order to establish the design methodology of an ultra micro centrifugal compressor, which is the most important component of an ultra micro gas turbine unit, a 10 times size of the final target compressor （impeller outer diameter 40 mm, corrected rotational speed 220,000 r/min） was designed. The problems to be solved for downsizing were examined and a 2-dimensional impeller was chosen as the first model due to its productivity. The conventional 1D prediction method and CFD were used. The prototyped compressor was tested by using cold air at the reduced speed of 110,000 r/min. Following to the 10 times model, a 5 times size of the final target model having fully 3-dimensional shape （impeller outer diameter 20mm, corrected rotational speed 500,000 r/min） was designed and tested by using hot gas at the reduced speed of 250,000 r/min.展开更多
BACKGROUND Rapid urinary trypsinogen-2 dipstick test and levels of urinary trypsinogen-2 and trypsinogen activation peptide(TAP) concentration have been reported as prognostic markers for the diagnosis of acute pancre...BACKGROUND Rapid urinary trypsinogen-2 dipstick test and levels of urinary trypsinogen-2 and trypsinogen activation peptide(TAP) concentration have been reported as prognostic markers for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis.AIM To reconfirm the validity of all these markers in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis by undertaking a multi-center study in Japan.METHODS Patients with acute abdominal pain were recruited from 17 medical institutions in Japan from April 2009 to December 2012. Urinary and serum samples were collected twice, at enrollment and on the following day for measuring target markers. The diagnosis and severity assessment of acute pancreatitis were assessed based on prognostic factors and computed tomography(CT) Grade of the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare criteria.RESULTS A total of 94 patients were enrolled during the study period. The trypsinogen-2 dipstick test was positive in 57 of 78 patients with acute pancreatitis(sensitivity,73.1%) and in 6 of 16 patients with abdominal pain but without any evidence of acute pancreatitis(specificity, 62.5%). The area under the curve(AUC) score of urinary trypsinogen-2 according to prognostic factors was 0.704, which was highest in all parameter. The AUC scores of urinary trypsinogen-2 and TAP according to CT Grade were 0.701 and 0.692, respectively, which shows higher than other pancreatic enzymes. The levels of urinary trypsinogen-2 and TAP were significantly higher in patients with extended extra-pancreatic inflammation as evaluated by CT Grade.CONCLUSION We reconfirmed urinary trypsinogen-2 dipstick test is useful as a marker for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. Urinary trypsinogen-2 and TAP may be considered as useful markers to determine extra-pancreatic inflammation in acute pancreatitis.展开更多
We described a patient with adenocarcinoma of the stomach combined with choriocarcinoma and neuroendocrine cell carcinoma. An 85-year-old man visited our hospital because of appetite loss. Gastric fiberscopy revealed ...We described a patient with adenocarcinoma of the stomach combined with choriocarcinoma and neuroendocrine cell carcinoma. An 85-year-old man visited our hospital because of appetite loss. Gastric fiberscopy revealed a large tumor occupying the cardial region and anterior wall of the gastric body. The patient underwent total gastrectomy with lymphnode dissection and partial resection of the liver. Choriocarcinoma, small cell carcinoma and tubular adenocarcinoma existed in the gastric tumor. The choriocarcinomatous foci contained cells positive for beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin （B-hCG） and human placental lactogen mainly in syncytiotrophoblastic cells. The small cell carcinomatous loci contained cells positive for synaptophysin, neuron-specific enolase （NSE）, and chromogranin A. The prognosis for gastric adenocarcinoma with choriocarcinoma and neuroendocrine cell carcinoma is exceedingly poor. This patient died about 2 mo after the first complaint from hepatic failure. This is the first reported case of gastric cancer with these three pathological features.展开更多
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) contributes substantially to morbidity and to costs in the United States health care system. The burden of this disease has resulted in attempts at improving diagnosis and charac...Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) contributes substantially to morbidity and to costs in the United States health care system. The burden of this disease has resulted in attempts at improving diagnosis and characterizing patients. Numerous research and technical advances have enhanced our understanding of both the utility and limitations of a variety of diagnostic modalities. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent advances in GERD diagnostic testing and to discuss their implications for use in clinical practice. Topics addressed include esophageal pH monitoring, impedance testing, symptom association analyses, narrow-band imaging, and histopathology.展开更多
文摘A study was conducted to evaluate the current production capabilities of the Mark One? 3D printer in printing carbon fibre reinforced thermoplastic (CFRTP) tensile test specimens according to the JIS K 7073 by making use of fused deposition modelling. Several different types of CFRTP tensile test specimens are printed and are tensile tested in the longitudinal direction to obtain an overview of the mechanical properties of 3D printed CFRTP material. These properties are compared with the literature values known for composite materials to see if these agree. The main goal of this research is to increase the knowledge of the 3D printing process of CFRTP and to later use this knowledge to further improve the 3D printing process to obtain stronger 3D printed CFRTP materials.
文摘Although auxin and brassinosteroid （BR） synergistically control various plant responses, the molecular mechanism underlying the auxin-BR crosstalk is not wen understood. We previously identified SMOS1, an auxin-regulated APETALA2-type transcription factor, as the causal gene of the small organ size 1 （smosl） mutant that is characterized by a decreased final size of various organs in rice. In this study, we identified another smos mutant, smos2, which shows the phenotype indistinguishable from smosl. SMOS2 was identical to the previously reported DWARF AND LOWoTILLERING （DLT）, which encodes a GRAS protein involved in BR signaling. SMOS1 and SMOS2/DLT physically interact to cooperatively enhance transcriptional transactivation activity in yeast and in rice nuclei. Consistently, the expression of OsPHI-1, a direct target of SMOS1, is upregulated only when SMOS1 and SMOS2/DLT proteins are both present in rice ceils. Taken together, our results suggest that SMOS1 and SMOS2/DLT form a keystone complex on auxin-BR signaling crosstalk in rice.
文摘There is no standard treatment for peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) from gastric cancer.A novel multidisciplinary treatment combining bidirectional chemotherapy [neoadjuvant intraperitoneal-systemic chemotherapy protocol (NIPS)],peritonectomy,hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemoperfusion (HIPEC) and early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy has been developed.In this article,we assess the indications,safety and eff icacy of this treatment,review the relevant studies and introduce our experiences.The aims of NIPS are stage reduction,the eradication of peritoneal free cancer cells,and an increased incidence of complete cytoreduction (CC-0) for PC.A complete response after NIPS was ob-tained in 15 (50%) out of 30 patients with PC.Thus,a signif icantly high incidence of CC-0 can be obtained in patients with a peritoneal cancer index (PCI) ≤ 6.Using a multivariate analysis to examine the survival benef it,CC-0 and NIPS are identified as significant indicators of a good outcome.However,the high morbidity and mortality rates associated with peritonectomy and perioperative chemotherapy make stringent patient selection important.The best indications for multidisciplinary therapy are localized PC (PCI≤6) from resectable gastric cancer that can be completely removed during a peritonectomy.NIPS and complete cytoreduction are essential treatment modalities for improving the survival of patients with PC from gastric cancer.
文摘Single-incision laparoscopic surgery is a rapidly evolving field as a bridge between traditional laparoscopic surgery and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery.We report one of the initial clinical experiences in Japan with this new technique.Four cases of gallbladder diseases were selected for this new technique.A single curved intra-umbilical 25-mm incision was made by pulling out the umbilicus.A 12-mm trocar was placed through an open approach,and the abdominal cavity was explored with a 10-mm semiflexible laparoscope.Two 5-mm ports were inserted laterally from the laparoscope port.A 2-mm mini-loop retractor was inserted to retract the fundus of the gallbladder.Dissection was performed using an electric cautery hook and an Endograsper roticulator.There were two women and two men with a mean age of 50.5 years(range:40-61 years).All procedures were completed successfully without any perioperative complications.In all cases,there was no need to extend the skin incision.Average operative time was 88.8 min.Postoperative follow-up didnot reveal any umbili-cal wound complication.Single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy is feasible and a promising alternative method as scarless abdominal surgery for the treatment of some patients with gallbladder disease.
文摘Quantum dots are the nanoparticles that are recently emerging as an alternative to organic fluorescence probes in cell biology and biomedicine,and have several predictive advantages.These include their i)broad absorption spectra allowing visualization with single light source,ii)exceptional photo-stability allowing long term studies and iii)narrow and symmetrical emission spectrum that is controlled by their size and material composition.These unique properties allow simultaneous excitation of different size of quantum dots with a single excitation light source,their simultaneous resolution and visualization as different colors.At present there are only a few studies that have tested quantum dots in cellular imaging.We describe here the use of quantum dots in mortalin imaging of normal and cancer cells.Mortalin staining pattern with quantum dots in both normal and cancer cells mimicked those obtained with organic florescence probes and were considerably stable.
基金Supported in part by grants from Japan China Medical Association to Bo Yuan and XiaoMei Hu
文摘Objective： Acute myeloid leukemia progressed from myelodysplastic syndrome （MDS/AML） is generally incurable with poor prognosis for complex karyotype including monosomy 7 （-7）. Qinghuang Powder （青黄, QHP）, which includes Qing Dai （ Indigo naturalis） and Xiong Huang （realgar） in the formula, is effective in treating MDS or MDS/AML even with the unfavorable karyotype, and its therapeutic efficacy could be enhanced by increasing the Xiong huang content in the formula, while Xiong huang contains 〉 90% arsenic disulfide （As2S2）. F-36p cell line was established from a MDS/AML patient with complex karyotype including -7, and was in cytokine-dependent. The present study was to investigate the effects of As2S2 on F-36p cells. Methods： Cell proliferation was measured by an 3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide （MTT） assay. Cell apoptosis was identified by Annexin V-staining. Cell viability was determined by a propidium iodide （PI） exclusion. Erythroid differentiation was evaluated by the expression of cell surface antigen CD235a （GpA）. Results： After treatment with As2S2 at concentrations of 0.5 to 16 p. mol/L for 72 h, As2S2 inhibited the proliferation of F-36p cells. The 50% inhibitory concentrations （IC50） of As2S2 against the proliferation of F-36p cells was 6 I~ mol/L. The apoptotic cells significantly increased in a dose-dependent mannar （P〈0.05）. The cell viabilities were significantly inhibited by As2S2 dose-dependent in a dose-dependent manner （P〈0.05）. Significant increases of CD235a-positive cells were concurrently observed （P〈0.05） also in a dose- dependent manner. Conclusions： As2S2 could inhibit proliferation and viability, induce apoptosis, and concurrently promote erythroid differentiation dose-dependently in F-36p cells. As2S2 can inhibit proliferation and viability, induce apoptosis, and concurrently promote erythroid differentiation in cytokine-dependent MDS-progressed human leukemia cell line F-36p with co
文摘Lodging has been a major roadblock to attaining increased crop productivity. In an attempt to understand the mechanism for culm strength in rice, we isolated an effective quantitative trait locus （QTL）, STRONG CULM3 （SCM3）, the causal gene of which is identical to rice TEOSINTE BRANCHED1 （OsTB1）, a gene previously reported to positively control strigolactone （SL） signaling. A near-isogenic line （NIL） carrying SCM3 showed enhanced culm strength and increased spikelet number despite the expected decrease in tiller number, indicating that SL also has a positive role in enhancing culm strength and spikelet number. We produced a pyramiding line carrying SCM3 and SCM2, another QTL encoding AP01 involved in panicle development. The NIL-SCM2＋SCM3 showed a much stronger culm than NIL-SCM2 and NIL-SCM3 and an increased spikelet number caused by the additive effect of these QTLs. We discuss the importance of utilizing suitable alleles of these STRONG CULM QTLs without inducing detrimental traits for breeding.
文摘We report the case of a patient treated with living donor-related liver transplantation who suffered from osteomalacia during adefovir dipivoxil (ADV)-containing antiviral therapy for lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus infection. The patient had generalized bone pain,with severe hypophosphatemia after 20 mo of ADV therapy. Radiographic studies demonstrated the presence of osteomalacia. The peak plasma ADV level was 38 ng/mL after administration of ADV at 10mg/day. It was also found that ADV affected the metabolism of tacrolimus,a calcineurin-inhibitor,and caused an increase in the plasma levels of tacrolimus. The disability was reversed with the withdrawal of ADV and with mineral supplementation. ADV can cause an elevation of plasma tacrolimus levels,which may be associated with renal dysfunction. High levels of ADV and tacrolimus can cause nephrotoxicity and osteomalacia. This case highlights the importance of considering a diagnosis of osteomalacia in liver transplantation recipients treated with both ADV and tacrolimus.
文摘AIM: To determine the effect of single-incision laparoscopic colectomy(SILC) for colorectal cancer on short-term clinical and oncological outcomes by comparison with multiport conventional laparoscopic colectomy(CLC).METHODS: A systematic review was performed using MEDLINE for the time period of 2008 to December 2014 to retrieve all relevant literature. The search terms were "laparoscopy", "single incision", "single port", "single site", "SILS", "LESS" and "colorectal cancer". Publications were included if they were randomized controlled trials, case-matched controlled studies, or comparative studies, in which patients underwent single-incision(SILS or LESS) laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Studies were excluded if they were non-comparative, or not including surgery involving the colon or rectum. A total of 15 studies with 589 patients who underwent SILC for colorectal cancer were selected.RESULTS: No significant differences between the groups were noted in terms of mortality or morbidity. The benefit of the SILC approach included reduction in conversion rate to laparotomy, but there were no significant differences in other short-term clinical outcomes between the groups. Satisfactory oncological surgical quality was also demonstrated for SILC for the treatment of colorectal cancer with a similar average lymph node harvest and proximal and distal resection margin length as multiport CLC.CONCLUSION: SILC can be performed safely with similar short-term clinical and oncological outcomes as multiport CLC.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFE0207900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52075422)+1 种基金K C Wong Education FoundationThe Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities.
文摘Continuous fiber reinforced polymer composites(CFRPC)have been widely used in the field of automobile,air-craft,and space due to light weight,high specific strength and modulus in comparison with metal as well as alloys.Innovation on 3D printing of CFRPCs opened a new era for the design and fabrication of complicated composite structure with high performance and low cost.3D printing of CFRPCs provided an enabling technol-ogy to bridge the gaps between advanced materials and innovative structures.State-of-art has been reviewed according to the correlations of materials,structure,process,and performance as well as functions in 3D printing of CFRPCs.Typical applications and future perspective for 3D printing of CFRPCs were illustrated in order to grasp the opportunities and face the challenges,which need much more interdisciplinary researches covering the advanced materials,process and equipment,structural design,and final smart performance.
文摘AIM: To determine the efficacy of multislice CT for gastroenteric and hepatic surgery.METHODS: Dual-phase helical computed tomography was performed in 50 of 51 patients who underwent gastroenteric and hepatic surgeries. Twenty-eight, eighteen and four patients suffering from colorectal cancer, gastric cancer,and liver cancer respectively underwent colorectal surgery (laparoscopic surgery: 6 cases), gastrectomy, and hepatectomy. Three-dimensional computed tomography imaging of the inferior mesenteric artery, celiac artery and hepatic artery was performed. And in the follow-up examination of postoperative patients, multiplanar reconstruction image was made in case of need.RESULTS: Scans in 50 patients were technically satisfactory and included in the analysis. Depiction of major visceral arteries, which were important for surgery and other treatments, could be done in all patients.Preoperative visualization of the left colic artery and sigmoidal arteries, the celiac artery and its branches, and hepatic artery was very useful to lymph node dissection,the planning of a reservoir and hepatectomy. And multiplanar reconstruction image was helpful to diagnosis for the postoperative follow-up of patients.CONCLUSION: Three-dimensional volume rendering or multiplanar reconstruction imaging performed by multislice computed tomography was very useful for gastroenteric and hepatic surgeries.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the chemotherapeutic outcomes and confirm the recent improvement of prognosis for unresectable biliary tract cancer.METHODS:A total of 186 consecutive patients with unresectable biliary tract cancer,who had been treated with chemotherapy between 2000 and 2009 at five institutions in Japan,were retrospectively analyzed.These patients were divided into three groups based on the year beginning chemotherapy:Group A(2000-2003),Group B(2004-2006),and Group C(2007-2009).The data were fixed at the end of December 2011.Overall survival and time-to-progression were analyzed and compared chronologically.RESULTS:No patient characteristics were significantly different among the three groups.The gallbladder was involved in about half of the patients in each group,and metastatic biliary tract cancer was present in three quarters of the enrollees.In Group A,5-fluorouracilbased chemotherapies were primarily selected as firstline chemotherapy,and only 24% were treated with second-line chemotherapy.In Group B,gemcitabine or S-1 monotherapy was mainly introduced as firstline chemotherapy,and 51% of the patients who were refractory to first-line chemotherapy were treated with second-line chemotherapy mainly with monotherapy.In Group C,the combination therapy with gemcitabine and S-1 was mainly chosen as first-line chemotherapy,and 53% of the patients refractory to first-line chemotherapy were treated with second-line chemotherapy mainly with combination therapy.The median timeto-progressions were 4.4 mo,3.5 mo and 5.9 mo in Groups A,B and C,respectively(4.4 mo vs 3.5 mo vs 5.9 mo,P < 0.01).The median overall survivals were 7.1,7.3,and 11.7 mo in Groups A,B and C(7.1 mo vs 7.3 mo vs 11.7 mo,P = 0.03).Induction rates of all three drugs(gemcitabine,platinum analogs,and fluoropyrimidine) in Groups A,B and C were 4%,2% and 27%(4% vs 2% vs 27%,P < 0.01).CONCLUSION:The prognosis of unresectable biliary tract cancer has improved recently.Using three effective drugs(gemcitabine,platinum analogs,and fluoropyrimidine) may improv
基金Supported by the Practical Research Project for Rare/Intractable Diseases from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development(AMED),No.15ek0109053h0002 to Matsumoto Tby grants from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)KAKENHI,No.25460953,to Umeno J,Esaki M,and Matsumoto T
文摘BACKGROUND We recently reported on a hereditary enteropathy associated with a gene encoding a prostaglandin transporter and referred to as chronic enteropathy associated with SLCO2 A1 gene(CEAS). Crohn's disease(CD) is a major differential diagnosis of CEAS, because these diseases share some clinical features. Therefore, there is a need to develop a convenient screening test to distinguish CEAS from CD.AIM To examine whether prostaglandin E major urinary metabolites(PGE-MUM) can serve as a biomarker to distinguish CEAS from CD.METHODS This was a transactional study of 20 patients with CEAS and 98 patients with CD.CEAS was diagnosed by the confirmation of homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation of SLCO2 A1. We measured the concentration of PGEMUM in spot urine by radioimmunoassay, and the concentration was compared between the two groups of patients. We also determined the optimal cut-off value of PGE-MUM to distinguish CEAS from CD by receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve analysis.RESULTS Twenty Japanese patients with CEAS and 98 patients with CD were enrolled.PGE-MUM concentration in patients with CEAS was significantly higher than that in patients with CD(median 102.7 vs 27.9 μg/g × Cre, P < 0.0001). One log unit increase in PGE-MUM contributed to 7.3 increase in the likelihood for the diagnosis of CEAS [95% confidence interval(CI) 3.2-16.7]. A logistic regression analysis revealed that the association was significant even after adjusting confounding factors(adjusted odds ratio 29.6, 95%CI 4.7-185.7). ROC curve analysis revealed the optimal PGE-MUM cut-off value for the distinction of CEAS from CD to be 48.9 μg/g × Cre with 95.0% sensitivity and 79.6% specificity.CONCLUSION PGE-MUM measurement is a convenient, non-invasive and useful test for the distinction of CEAS from CD.
文摘In order to establish the design methodology of an ultra micro centrifugal compressor, which is the most important component of an ultra micro gas turbine unit, a 10 times size of the final target compressor （impeller outer diameter 40 mm, corrected rotational speed 220,000 r/min） was designed. The problems to be solved for downsizing were examined and a 2-dimensional impeller was chosen as the first model due to its productivity. The conventional 1D prediction method and CFD were used. The prototyped compressor was tested by using cold air at the reduced speed of 110,000 r/min. Following to the 10 times model, a 5 times size of the final target model having fully 3-dimensional shape （impeller outer diameter 20mm, corrected rotational speed 500,000 r/min） was designed and tested by using hot gas at the reduced speed of 250,000 r/min.
文摘BACKGROUND Rapid urinary trypsinogen-2 dipstick test and levels of urinary trypsinogen-2 and trypsinogen activation peptide(TAP) concentration have been reported as prognostic markers for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis.AIM To reconfirm the validity of all these markers in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis by undertaking a multi-center study in Japan.METHODS Patients with acute abdominal pain were recruited from 17 medical institutions in Japan from April 2009 to December 2012. Urinary and serum samples were collected twice, at enrollment and on the following day for measuring target markers. The diagnosis and severity assessment of acute pancreatitis were assessed based on prognostic factors and computed tomography(CT) Grade of the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare criteria.RESULTS A total of 94 patients were enrolled during the study period. The trypsinogen-2 dipstick test was positive in 57 of 78 patients with acute pancreatitis(sensitivity,73.1%) and in 6 of 16 patients with abdominal pain but without any evidence of acute pancreatitis(specificity, 62.5%). The area under the curve(AUC) score of urinary trypsinogen-2 according to prognostic factors was 0.704, which was highest in all parameter. The AUC scores of urinary trypsinogen-2 and TAP according to CT Grade were 0.701 and 0.692, respectively, which shows higher than other pancreatic enzymes. The levels of urinary trypsinogen-2 and TAP were significantly higher in patients with extended extra-pancreatic inflammation as evaluated by CT Grade.CONCLUSION We reconfirmed urinary trypsinogen-2 dipstick test is useful as a marker for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. Urinary trypsinogen-2 and TAP may be considered as useful markers to determine extra-pancreatic inflammation in acute pancreatitis.
文摘We described a patient with adenocarcinoma of the stomach combined with choriocarcinoma and neuroendocrine cell carcinoma. An 85-year-old man visited our hospital because of appetite loss. Gastric fiberscopy revealed a large tumor occupying the cardial region and anterior wall of the gastric body. The patient underwent total gastrectomy with lymphnode dissection and partial resection of the liver. Choriocarcinoma, small cell carcinoma and tubular adenocarcinoma existed in the gastric tumor. The choriocarcinomatous foci contained cells positive for beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin （B-hCG） and human placental lactogen mainly in syncytiotrophoblastic cells. The small cell carcinomatous loci contained cells positive for synaptophysin, neuron-specific enolase （NSE）, and chromogranin A. The prognosis for gastric adenocarcinoma with choriocarcinoma and neuroendocrine cell carcinoma is exceedingly poor. This patient died about 2 mo after the first complaint from hepatic failure. This is the first reported case of gastric cancer with these three pathological features.
基金Supported by The Physician Scientist Training Program at Northwestern University,Department of Medicine(to Gawron AJ)
文摘Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) contributes substantially to morbidity and to costs in the United States health care system. The burden of this disease has resulted in attempts at improving diagnosis and characterizing patients. Numerous research and technical advances have enhanced our understanding of both the utility and limitations of a variety of diagnostic modalities. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent advances in GERD diagnostic testing and to discuss their implications for use in clinical practice. Topics addressed include esophageal pH monitoring, impedance testing, symptom association analyses, narrow-band imaging, and histopathology.
