Precision determination of the W-mass is of great importance in testing the internal consistency of the Standard Model. From the time of its discovery in 1983, the W-boson has been studied and its mass determined in p...Precision determination of the W-mass is of great importance in testing the internal consistency of the Standard Model. From the time of its discovery in 1983, the W-boson has been studied and its mass determined in pp and e＋e- interactions; it is currently studied in pp interactions at the LHC. The W mass and width definition used here corresponds to a Breit-Wigner with mass-dependent width.展开更多
Quartic couplings, WWZZ, WWZγ WWγγ, and ZZγγ, were studied at LEP and Tevatron at energies at which the Standard Model predicts negligible contributions to multiboson production. Thus, to parametrize limits on th...Quartic couplings, WWZZ, WWZγ WWγγ, and ZZγγ, were studied at LEP and Tevatron at energies at which the Standard Model predicts negligible contributions to multiboson production. Thus, to parametrize limits on these couplings, an effective theory approach is adopted which supplements the Standard Model Lagrangian with higher dimensional operators which include quartic couplings. The LEP collaborations chose the lowers dimensional representation of operators （dimension 6） which presumes the SU（2）xU（1） gauge symmetry is broken by means other than the conventional Higgs scalar doublet [1-3].展开更多
Precision measurements at the Z-boson resonance using electron-positron colliding beams began in 1989 at the SLC and at LEP. During 1989-95, the four LEP experiments （ALEPH, DELPHI, L3, OPAL） made high-statistics st...Precision measurements at the Z-boson resonance using electron-positron colliding beams began in 1989 at the SLC and at LEP. During 1989-95, the four LEP experiments （ALEPH, DELPHI, L3, OPAL） made high-statistics studies of the production and decay properties of the Z. Although the SLD experiment at the SLC collected much lower statistics,展开更多
Particle Data GroupK.A. Olive, K. Agashe, C. Amsler, M. Antonelli, J.-F. Arguin, D.M. Asner, H. Baer, H.R. Band, R.M. Barnett, T. Basaglia, C.W. Bauer, J.J. Beatty, V.I. Belousov, J. Beringer, G. Bernardi, S. Bethke, ...Particle Data GroupK.A. Olive, K. Agashe, C. Amsler, M. Antonelli, J.-F. Arguin, D.M. Asner, H. Baer, H.R. Band, R.M. Barnett, T. Basaglia, C.W. Bauer, J.J. Beatty, V.I. Belousov, J. Beringer, G. Bernardi, S. Bethke, H. Bichsel, O. Biebel,展开更多
Many measurements of B decays involve admixtures of B hadrons. Previously we arbitrarily included such admixtures in the B±section, but because of their importance we have created two new sections：
The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,283 new measurements from 899 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the ...The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,283 new measurements from 899 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as heavy neutrinos, supersymmetric and technicolor particles, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Supersymmetry, Extra Dimensions, Particle Detectors, Probability, and Statistics. Among the 112 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on： Dark Energy, Higgs Boson Physics, Electroweak Model, Neutrino Cross Section Measurements, Monte Carlo Neutrino Generators, Top Quark, Dark Matter, Dynamical Electroweak Symmetry Breaking, Accelerator Physics of Colliders, High-Energy Collider Parameters, Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, Astrophysical Constants and Cosmological Parameters. A booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review. All tables, listings, and reviews （and errata） are also available on the Particle Data Group website： http ：//pdg. lbl. gov.展开更多
J=1/2e MASS （atomic mass units u）The primary determination of an electron＇s mass comes from measuring the ratio of the mass to that of a nucleus, so that the result is obtained in u （atomic mass units）. The conve...J=1/2e MASS （atomic mass units u）The primary determination of an electron＇s mass comes from measuring the ratio of the mass to that of a nucleus, so that the result is obtained in u （atomic mass units）. The conversion factor to MeV is more uncertain than the mass of the electron in u; indeed, the recent improvements in the mass determination are not evident when the result is given in MeV. In this datablock we give the result in u, and in the following datablock in MeV.展开更多
Revised September 2013 by G. Cowan （RHUL）. This chapter gives an overview of statistical methods used in high-energy physics. In statistics, we are interested in using a given sample of data to make inferences about...Revised September 2013 by G. Cowan （RHUL）. This chapter gives an overview of statistical methods used in high-energy physics. In statistics, we are interested in using a given sample of data to make inferences about a probabilistic model, e.g., to assess the model＇s validity or to determine the values of its parameters. There are two main approaches to statistical inference, which we may call frequentist and Bayesian.展开更多
1. Overview The Review of Particle Physics and the abbreviated version, the Particle Physics Booklet, are reviews of the field of Particle Physics. This complete Review includes a compilation/evaluation of data on par...1. Overview The Review of Particle Physics and the abbreviated version, the Particle Physics Booklet, are reviews of the field of Particle Physics. This complete Review includes a compilation/evaluation of data on particle properties, called the ＂Particle Listings.＂ These Listings include 3,283 new measurements from 899 papers, in addition to the 32,153 measurements from 8,944 papers that first appeared in previous editions [1].展开更多
33.1. Introduction This review summarizes the detector technologies employed at accelerator particle physics experiments. Several of these detectors are also used in a non-accelerator context and examples of such appl...33.1. Introduction This review summarizes the detector technologies employed at accelerator particle physics experiments. Several of these detectors are also used in a non-accelerator context and examples of such applications will be provided. The detector techniques which are specific to non-accelerator particle physics experiments are the subject of Chap.展开更多
Revised August 2013 by M.J. Syphers （MSU） and F. Zimmermann （CERN）.29.1. Luminosity This article provides background for the High-Energy Collider Parameter Tables that follow. The number of events, Nexp, is the pr...Revised August 2013 by M.J. Syphers （MSU） and F. Zimmermann （CERN）.29.1. Luminosity This article provides background for the High-Energy Collider Parameter Tables that follow. The number of events, Nexp, is the product of the cross section of interest,展开更多
CHARMED BARYONS Revised March 2012 by C.G. Wohl （LBNL）. There are 17 known charmed baryons, and four other candidates not well enough established to be promoted to the Summary Tables.＊ Fig. l（a） shows the mass sp...CHARMED BARYONS Revised March 2012 by C.G. Wohl （LBNL）. There are 17 known charmed baryons, and four other candidates not well enough established to be promoted to the Summary Tables.＊ Fig. l（a） shows the mass spectrum,展开更多
Revised October 2013 by J.J. Beatty （Ohio State Univ.）, J. Matthews （Louisiana State Univ.）, and S.P. Wakely （Univ. of Chicago）; revised August 2009 by T.K. Gaisser and T. Stanev （Bartol Research Inst., Univ. o...Revised October 2013 by J.J. Beatty （Ohio State Univ.）, J. Matthews （Louisiana State Univ.）, and S.P. Wakely （Univ. of Chicago）; revised August 2009 by T.K. Gaisser and T. Stanev （Bartol Research Inst., Univ. of Delaware）.展开更多
文摘Precision determination of the W-mass is of great importance in testing the internal consistency of the Standard Model. From the time of its discovery in 1983, the W-boson has been studied and its mass determined in pp and e＋e- interactions; it is currently studied in pp interactions at the LHC. The W mass and width definition used here corresponds to a Breit-Wigner with mass-dependent width.
文摘Quartic couplings, WWZZ, WWZγ WWγγ, and ZZγγ, were studied at LEP and Tevatron at energies at which the Standard Model predicts negligible contributions to multiboson production. Thus, to parametrize limits on these couplings, an effective theory approach is adopted which supplements the Standard Model Lagrangian with higher dimensional operators which include quartic couplings. The LEP collaborations chose the lowers dimensional representation of operators （dimension 6） which presumes the SU（2）xU（1） gauge symmetry is broken by means other than the conventional Higgs scalar doublet [1-3].
文摘Precision measurements at the Z-boson resonance using electron-positron colliding beams began in 1989 at the SLC and at LEP. During 1989-95, the four LEP experiments （ALEPH, DELPHI, L3, OPAL） made high-statistics studies of the production and decay properties of the Z. Although the SLD experiment at the SLC collected much lower statistics,
文摘Particle Data GroupK.A. Olive, K. Agashe, C. Amsler, M. Antonelli, J.-F. Arguin, D.M. Asner, H. Baer, H.R. Band, R.M. Barnett, T. Basaglia, C.W. Bauer, J.J. Beatty, V.I. Belousov, J. Beringer, G. Bernardi, S. Bethke, H. Bichsel, O. Biebel,
文摘Many measurements of B decays involve admixtures of B hadrons. Previously we arbitrarily included such admixtures in the B±section, but because of their importance we have created two new sections：
基金supported by the Director,Office of Science,Office of High Energy Physics of the U.S.Department of Energy under Contract No.DE-AC02-05CH11231the U.S.National Science Foundation under Agreement No.PHY-0652989+3 种基金the European Laboratory for Particle Physics(CERN)an implementing arrangement between the governments of Japan(MEXT:Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology)and the United States(DOE)on cooperative research and developmentthe Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics(INFN)B.C.F.was supported by the U.S.National Science Foundation Grant PHY-1214082
文摘The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,283 new measurements from 899 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as heavy neutrinos, supersymmetric and technicolor particles, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Supersymmetry, Extra Dimensions, Particle Detectors, Probability, and Statistics. Among the 112 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on： Dark Energy, Higgs Boson Physics, Electroweak Model, Neutrino Cross Section Measurements, Monte Carlo Neutrino Generators, Top Quark, Dark Matter, Dynamical Electroweak Symmetry Breaking, Accelerator Physics of Colliders, High-Energy Collider Parameters, Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, Astrophysical Constants and Cosmological Parameters. A booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review. All tables, listings, and reviews （and errata） are also available on the Particle Data Group website： http ：//pdg. lbl. gov.
文摘J=1/2e MASS （atomic mass units u）The primary determination of an electron＇s mass comes from measuring the ratio of the mass to that of a nucleus, so that the result is obtained in u （atomic mass units）. The conversion factor to MeV is more uncertain than the mass of the electron in u; indeed, the recent improvements in the mass determination are not evident when the result is given in MeV. In this datablock we give the result in u, and in the following datablock in MeV.
文摘Revised September 2013 by G. Cowan （RHUL）. This chapter gives an overview of statistical methods used in high-energy physics. In statistics, we are interested in using a given sample of data to make inferences about a probabilistic model, e.g., to assess the model＇s validity or to determine the values of its parameters. There are two main approaches to statistical inference, which we may call frequentist and Bayesian.
基金supported by the Director,Office of Science,Office of High Energy Physics of the U.S.Department of Energy under Contract No.DE-AC02-05CH11231by the U.S.National Science Foundation under Agreement No.PHY-0652989+2 种基金by the European Laboratory for Particle Physics(CERN)by an implementing arrangement between the governments of Japan(MEXT:Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports, Science and Technology) and the United States(DOE) on cooperative research and developmentby the Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics(INFN)
文摘1. Overview The Review of Particle Physics and the abbreviated version, the Particle Physics Booklet, are reviews of the field of Particle Physics. This complete Review includes a compilation/evaluation of data on particle properties, called the ＂Particle Listings.＂ These Listings include 3,283 new measurements from 899 papers, in addition to the 32,153 measurements from 8,944 papers that first appeared in previous editions [1].
文摘33.1. Introduction This review summarizes the detector technologies employed at accelerator particle physics experiments. Several of these detectors are also used in a non-accelerator context and examples of such applications will be provided. The detector techniques which are specific to non-accelerator particle physics experiments are the subject of Chap.
文摘Revised August 2013 by M.J. Syphers （MSU） and F. Zimmermann （CERN）.29.1. Luminosity This article provides background for the High-Energy Collider Parameter Tables that follow. The number of events, Nexp, is the product of the cross section of interest,
文摘CHARMED BARYONS Revised March 2012 by C.G. Wohl （LBNL）. There are 17 known charmed baryons, and four other candidates not well enough established to be promoted to the Summary Tables.＊ Fig. l（a） shows the mass spectrum,
文摘Revised October 2013 by J.J. Beatty （Ohio State Univ.）, J. Matthews （Louisiana State Univ.）, and S.P. Wakely （Univ. of Chicago）; revised August 2009 by T.K. Gaisser and T. Stanev （Bartol Research Inst., Univ. of Delaware）.
