This paper aims to give a detailed presentation of long-wave instabilities of shear layers for NavierStokes equations,and in particular to give a simple and easy-to-read presentation of the study of the OrrSommerfeld ...This paper aims to give a detailed presentation of long-wave instabilities of shear layers for NavierStokes equations,and in particular to give a simple and easy-to-read presentation of the study of the OrrSommerfeld equation and to detail the analysis of its adjoint.Using these analyses,we prove the existence of long-wave instabilities in the cases of slowly rotating fuids,slightly compressible fuids,or fuids with Navier boundary conditions,under smallness conditions.展开更多
The chemical and electrochemical stability of lanthanide nickelates La2 NiO4+δ(LNO),Pr2 NiO4+δ(PNO)and their mixed compounds La(2-x)PrxNiO4+δ(LPNOs)with x=0.5,1 or 1.5 is reported.The aim is to promote these materi...The chemical and electrochemical stability of lanthanide nickelates La2 NiO4+δ(LNO),Pr2 NiO4+δ(PNO)and their mixed compounds La(2-x)PrxNiO4+δ(LPNOs)with x=0.5,1 or 1.5 is reported.The aim is to promote these materials as efficient electrodes for solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)and/or solid oxide electrolysis cell(SOEC).La2 NiO4+δand La1.5Pr0.5NiO4+δcompounds are chemically very stable as powders over one month in the temperature range 600-800℃,while the other materials rich in praseodymium progressively decompose into various perovskite-deriving components with additional Pr6 O11.Despite their uneven properties,all these materials are quite efficient and sustainable as electrodes on top of gadolinium doped ceria(GDCBL)//yttrium doped zirconia(8 YSZ)electrolyte,for one month at 700℃without polarization.Under polarization(300 mA·cm-2),the electrochemical performances of LNO,PNO and La1.5Pr0.5NiO4+δ(LP5 NO)quickly degrade in SOFC mode,i.e.for the oxygen reduction reaction,while they show durability in SOEC mode,i.e.for the oxide oxidation reaction.展开更多
采用固相法合成了中温固体氧化物燃料电池（IT-SOFCs）阴极材料La Bi Mn2O6,并利用X射线衍射（XRD）和电化学阻抗谱（EIS）进行表征。结果表明该材料与电解质Ce0.7Bi0.3O1.85（CBO）在1 000℃烧结12 h不发生反应。交流阻抗和直流极化测...采用固相法合成了中温固体氧化物燃料电池（IT-SOFCs）阴极材料La Bi Mn2O6,并利用X射线衍射（XRD）和电化学阻抗谱（EIS）进行表征。结果表明该材料与电解质Ce0.7Bi0.3O1.85（CBO）在1 000℃烧结12 h不发生反应。交流阻抗和直流极化测试结果发现,阴极极化电阻随测试温度的增加而逐渐减小,700℃空气中的极化电阻为0.71Ω·cm2;氧分压测试结果显示,在600～700℃范围内,电极反应的速率控制步骤为电极上发生的电荷转移反应。电极过电位为85 m V时,700℃的阴极电流密度达到216 m A·cm-2,表明La Bi Mn2O6是一种潜在的中温固体氧化物燃料电池（IT-SOFCs）阴极材料。展开更多
Pesticide is one of the major inputs in modern agriculture and its uses are increasing annually. Pesticides are seen as inherently benign, in the same way that medicines are. Many local languages even use the same wor...Pesticide is one of the major inputs in modern agriculture and its uses are increasing annually. Pesticides are seen as inherently benign, in the same way that medicines are. Many local languages even use the same word for “pesticide” and “medicine</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">”</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Along with the increasing consumption of pesticides, Highly Hazardous Pesticides (HHPs), which are more toxic are still in widespread use in Asia and constitute a substantial challenge to human health and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the environment especially in low- and middle-income countries with less</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> resources, training and capacities to deal with them. Reducing the risks posed by HHPs has become a priority in various international chemicals manage</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ment policies, and many countries have started taking action accordingly</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The objective of the paper is to establish the national status of the use of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">HHPs in Asia in line with FAO/WHO criteria for HHPs and encourage deli</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">berate consideration of mitigation options for effective management of</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> HHPs. This report is based on the nationally registered pesticide active ingredients and other related information obtained from Pesticide Registration Authorities of 13 Asian countries and research reports of different national and international journals. There are currently about 3557 pesticide products (active ingredients) registered in 13 Asian countries to control pests on crops and for public health uses, and 214 HHPs among the list of registered pesticides still in use in these Asian countries. An analysis of the list of registered formulated products revealed that 61 different active ingredients are includ展开更多
This work reports a comprehensive study of a novel polyol method that can successfully synthesize layered LiNi0.4Mn0.4Co0.2O2,spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4,and olivine LiCoPO4 cathode materials.When properly designed,polyol m...This work reports a comprehensive study of a novel polyol method that can successfully synthesize layered LiNi0.4Mn0.4Co0.2O2,spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4,and olivine LiCoPO4 cathode materials.When properly designed,polyol method offers many advantages such as low cost,ease of use,and proven scalability for industrial applications.Most importantly,the unique properties of polyol solvent allow for greater morphology control as shown by all the resulting materials exhibiting monodispersed nanoparticles morphology.This morphology contributes to improved lithium ion transport due to short diffusion lengths.Polyol-synthesized LiNi0.4Mn0.4Co0.2O2 delivers a reversible capacity of 101 and 82 mAh.g-1 using high current rate of 5C and 10C,respectively.It also displays surprisingly high surface structure stability after chargedischarge processes.Each step of the reaction was investigated to understand the underlying polyol synthesis mechanism.A combination of in situ and ex situ studies reveal the structural and chemical transformation of Ni-Co alloy nanocrystals overwrapped by a Mn-and Li-embedded organic matrix to a sedes of intermediate phases,and then eventually to the desired layered oxide phase with a homogeneous distribution of Ni,Co,and Mn.We envisage that this type of analysis will promote the development of optimized synthesis protocols by establishing links between experimental factors and important structural and chemical properties of the desired product.The insights can open a new direction of research to synthesize high-performance intercalation compounds by allowing unprecedented control of intermediate phases using experimental parameters.展开更多
Insect additives have been shown to improve the value of artificial media for Trichogramma species, but at the same time maintain dependence on parallel cultures of host insects. In the present study, Trichogramma den...Insect additives have been shown to improve the value of artificial media for Trichogramma species, but at the same time maintain dependence on parallel cultures of host insects. In the present study, Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura was reared in vitro from egg to adult on artificial media with different contents of pupal hemolymph of Chinese oak silkmoth Antheraea pernyi （Guérin-Méneville） and with supplements of distilled water, or of trehalose dissolved in water or in Grace＇s insect medium. The results indicated insect hemolymph was the key component of artificial medium. Developmental parameters, including rates of parasitism, pupation, adult emergence and normal adults, and numbers of produced adults, were increased on media supplemented with trehalose even when the proportion of pupal hemolymph was reduced. Two artificial media, the first containing 30% hemolymph and 10% trehalose in water with 98.9% parasitism rate, 77.7.0% pupation rate, 77.2% emergence rate, 80.0% normal adult rate and 333 produced adults, and the second containing 25% hemolymph and 15% trehalose in Grace＇s insect medium with 97.8% parasitism rate, 91.0% pupation rate, 85.2% emergence rate, 76.1% normal adult rate and 757 produced adults, were believed to hold potential to mass produce T. dendrolimi. The use of trehalose to partially replace pupal hemolymph in artificial medium of this and other Trichogramma species may contribute to a significant reduction in their production cost and may as such help to evade problems related to short supplies of lepidopteran eggs, which currently constitute the main factitious host for the mass rearing of the parasitoids.展开更多
Purpose The Large Hadron Collider(LHC)at European Organization for Nuclear Research is planned to be upgraded to the high luminosity LHC.Increasing the luminosity makes muon triggering reliable and offline reconstructi...Purpose The Large Hadron Collider(LHC)at European Organization for Nuclear Research is planned to be upgraded to the high luminosity LHC.Increasing the luminosity makes muon triggering reliable and offline reconstruction very challenging.To enhance the redundancy of the Compact Muon Solenoid(CMS)Muon system and resolve the ambiguity of track reconstruction in the forward region,an improved Resistive Plate Chamber(iRPC)with excellent time resolution will be installed in the Phase-2 CMS upgrade.The iRPC will be equipped with Front-End Electronics(FEE),which can perform high-precision time measurements of signals from both ends of the strip.New Back-End Electronics(BEE)need to be researched and developed to provide sophisticated functionalities such as interacting with FEE with shared links for fast,slow control(SC)and data,in addition to trigger primitives(TPs)generation and data acquisition(DAQ).Method The BEE prototype uses a homemade hardware board compatible with the MTCA standard,the back-end board(BEB).BEE interacts with FEE via a bidirectional 4.8 Gbps optical paired-link that integrates clock,data,and control information.The clock and fast/slow control commands are distributed from BEB to the FEE via the downlink.The uplink is used for BEB to receive the time information of the iRPC’sfired strips and the responses to the fast/slow control commands.To have a pipelined detector data for clusterfinding operation,recover(DeMux)the time relationship of which is changed due to the transmission protocol for the continuous incoming MUXed data from FEE.Then at each bunch crossing(BX),clusteringfired strips that satisfy time and spatial constraints to generate TPs.Both incoming raw MUXed detector data and TPs in a time window and latency based on the trigger signal are read out to the DAQ system.Gigabit Ethernet(GbE)of SiTCP and commercial 10-GbE are used as link standards for SC and DAQ,respectively,for the BEB to interact with the server.Results The joint test results of the BEB with iRPC and Front-End Board(展开更多
In the well-known superfamily of transforming growth factors beta (TGF-b), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are one of the most compelling cytokines for their major role in regulation of cell growth and differentiat...In the well-known superfamily of transforming growth factors beta (TGF-b), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are one of the most compelling cytokines for their major role in regulation of cell growth and differentiation in both embryonic and adult tissues. This subfamily was first described for its ability of potentiating bone formation, but nowadays, the power of BMPs is well beyond the bone healing scope. Some of the BMPs have been well studied and described in the literature, but the BMP9 is still worthy of attention. It has been shown by many authors that it is the most potent osteogenic BMP. Moreover, it has been described as one of the rare circulating BMPs. In this paper, we will review the recent literature on BMP9 and the different avenues for future research in that field. Our primary scope is to review its relation to bone formation and to elaborate on the available literature on other systems.展开更多
Purpose To complement and ensure redundancy in the endcap muon system of the Compact Muon Solenoid(CMS)detector and to extend the Resistive Plate Chamber(RPC)system coverage,improved RPCs(iRPCs)with either orthogonal ...Purpose To complement and ensure redundancy in the endcap muon system of the Compact Muon Solenoid(CMS)detector and to extend the Resistive Plate Chamber(RPC)system coverage,improved RPCs(iRPCs)with either orthogonal layer strips with one-end electronics or single layer strips with two-end electronics providing more precise time measurement will be installed in the very forward pseudorapidity region of|η|<2.4.The iRPC readout system needs to support twodimensional(2D)or two-end readout.In addition,it must combine detector data with Timing,Trigger and fast Control(TTC)and Slow Control(SC)into one data stream over a bi-directional optical link with a line rate of 4.8 Gb/s between the Front-End Electronics(FEE)and the Back-End Electronics(BEE).To fulfill these requirements,a prototype BEE for the iRPC 2D chamber has been researched and designed.Methods A Micro-Telecommunication and Computing Architecture(μTCA)-based processing card was designed in this study to establish a prototype system together with aμTCA crate.The Giga-Bit Transceiver(GBT)protocol is integrated to provide bi-directional communication between the FEE and BEE.A server is connected with the BEE by a Gigabit Ethernet(GbE)link for SC and a 10-GbE link for Data AcQuisition(DAQ).Results The Bit Error Rate(BER)test of the back-end board and a joint test with the iRPC 2D prototype chamber were performed.ABERof less than 1.331×10−16 was obtained.The timemeasurement with a resolution of 3.05 nswas successfully realized,and detector efficiencies of 97.7%for longitudinal strips and 96.0%for orthogonal strips were measured.Test results demonstrate the correctness and reliability of the prototype BEE.Conclusion The BEE prototype satisfies the requirements for the iRPC 2D chamber,and it worked stably and reliably during a long-term joint test run.展开更多
We hypothesized that a relationship existed between the mechanical properties and the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters of muscles, as already demonstrated in cartilaginous tissues. The aim was to develop an...We hypothesized that a relationship existed between the mechanical properties and the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters of muscles, as already demonstrated in cartilaginous tissues. The aim was to develop an indirect evaluation tool of the mechanical properties of degenerated muscles. Leg and arm muscles of adult rabbits were dissected, and tested 12 hours post mortem, in a state of rigor mortis, or 72 hours post mortem, in a state of post-rigor mortis. The tests consisted of a multi-parametric MRI acquisition followed by a uniaxial tensile test until failure. The statistical analysis consisted of multiple linear regressions and principal component analysis. Significant differences existed between the rigor mortis and post-rigor mortis groups for E but not for the MRI parameters. 78%, 60% or 33% of the Young’s modulus could be explained by the MRI parameters in the post-rigor mortis group, rigor mortis group or both groups respectively. These relationships were confirmed by the principal component analysis. The proposed multi-parametric MRI protocol associated to principal component analysis is a promising tool for the indirect evaluation of muscle mechanical properties and should be useful to find biomarkers and predictive factors of the evolution of the pathologies.展开更多
Background: Few studies have considered the impact of demographic and clinical variables on help received respectively from services and relatives to satisfy needs of adults with severe mental disorders (SMD). Purpose...Background: Few studies have considered the impact of demographic and clinical variables on help received respectively from services and relatives to satisfy needs of adults with severe mental disorders (SMD). Purposes: To identify major needs receiving help and, using the Andersen’s Behavioural Model of Health Service Use, to identify and compare predisposing, enabling and need factors associated with help given respectively by services and relatives. Methods: 352 adults with SMD from Montreal (Canada) were interviewed using six standardized instruments. Clinical records were consulted. Multiple linear regression analyses were processed to measure level of help received from relatives and services. Results: Factors significantly associated with help from relatives were: higher number of perceived needs;fewer diagnoses;better community functioning;being younger, and in a conjugal relationship;living autonomously;having social support and better quality of life;and, marginally, being an immigrant. Factors significantly associated with help from services were: higher number of perceived needs, better quality of life, supervised housing, adjustment disorder and schizophrenia. Conclusions: Help overall is insufficient to meet users’ needs. Services are more helpful than relatives, in particular regarding health needs. Comparatively to help from services, help from relatives is associated with predisposing factors like age, marital status and nationality.展开更多
Some of the mathematical properties of the interface between two incompressible inviscid and immiscible fluids with different densities under the influence of a constant gravity field 9 are investigated. The purpose o...Some of the mathematical properties of the interface between two incompressible inviscid and immiscible fluids with different densities under the influence of a constant gravity field 9 are investigated. The purpose of this paper is to prove that linearly unstable modes for Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities give birth to nonlinear instabilities for the full nonlinear system. The main ingredient is a general instability theorem in an analytic framework which enables us to go from linear to nonlinear instabilities.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11871005 and 12271032)。
文摘This paper aims to give a detailed presentation of long-wave instabilities of shear layers for NavierStokes equations,and in particular to give a simple and easy-to-read presentation of the study of the OrrSommerfeld equation and to detail the analysis of its adjoint.Using these analyses,we prove the existence of long-wave instabilities in the cases of slowly rotating fuids,slightly compressible fuids,or fuids with Navier boundary conditions,under smallness conditions.
基金PEREN project(reference:ANR-2011-PREG-016–05)the ECOREVE project(reference:ANR-18-CE05-0036-01)the Agence Nationale de la Recherche(A.N.R.,France)for supporting these scientific works and for the financial support。
文摘The chemical and electrochemical stability of lanthanide nickelates La2 NiO4+δ(LNO),Pr2 NiO4+δ(PNO)and their mixed compounds La(2-x)PrxNiO4+δ(LPNOs)with x=0.5,1 or 1.5 is reported.The aim is to promote these materials as efficient electrodes for solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)and/or solid oxide electrolysis cell(SOEC).La2 NiO4+δand La1.5Pr0.5NiO4+δcompounds are chemically very stable as powders over one month in the temperature range 600-800℃,while the other materials rich in praseodymium progressively decompose into various perovskite-deriving components with additional Pr6 O11.Despite their uneven properties,all these materials are quite efficient and sustainable as electrodes on top of gadolinium doped ceria(GDCBL)//yttrium doped zirconia(8 YSZ)electrolyte,for one month at 700℃without polarization.Under polarization(300 mA·cm-2),the electrochemical performances of LNO,PNO and La1.5Pr0.5NiO4+δ(LP5 NO)quickly degrade in SOFC mode,i.e.for the oxygen reduction reaction,while they show durability in SOEC mode,i.e.for the oxide oxidation reaction.
文摘采用固相法合成了中温固体氧化物燃料电池（IT-SOFCs）阴极材料La Bi Mn2O6,并利用X射线衍射（XRD）和电化学阻抗谱（EIS）进行表征。结果表明该材料与电解质Ce0.7Bi0.3O1.85（CBO）在1 000℃烧结12 h不发生反应。交流阻抗和直流极化测试结果发现,阴极极化电阻随测试温度的增加而逐渐减小,700℃空气中的极化电阻为0.71Ω·cm2;氧分压测试结果显示,在600～700℃范围内,电极反应的速率控制步骤为电极上发生的电荷转移反应。电极过电位为85 m V时,700℃的阴极电流密度达到216 m A·cm-2,表明La Bi Mn2O6是一种潜在的中温固体氧化物燃料电池（IT-SOFCs）阴极材料。
文摘Pesticide is one of the major inputs in modern agriculture and its uses are increasing annually. Pesticides are seen as inherently benign, in the same way that medicines are. Many local languages even use the same word for “pesticide” and “medicine</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">”</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Along with the increasing consumption of pesticides, Highly Hazardous Pesticides (HHPs), which are more toxic are still in widespread use in Asia and constitute a substantial challenge to human health and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the environment especially in low- and middle-income countries with less</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> resources, training and capacities to deal with them. Reducing the risks posed by HHPs has become a priority in various international chemicals manage</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ment policies, and many countries have started taking action accordingly</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The objective of the paper is to establish the national status of the use of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">HHPs in Asia in line with FAO/WHO criteria for HHPs and encourage deli</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">berate consideration of mitigation options for effective management of</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> HHPs. This report is based on the nationally registered pesticide active ingredients and other related information obtained from Pesticide Registration Authorities of 13 Asian countries and research reports of different national and international journals. There are currently about 3557 pesticide products (active ingredients) registered in 13 Asian countries to control pests on crops and for public health uses, and 214 HHPs among the list of registered pesticides still in use in these Asian countries. An analysis of the list of registered formulated products revealed that 61 different active ingredients are includ
文摘This work reports a comprehensive study of a novel polyol method that can successfully synthesize layered LiNi0.4Mn0.4Co0.2O2,spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4,and olivine LiCoPO4 cathode materials.When properly designed,polyol method offers many advantages such as low cost,ease of use,and proven scalability for industrial applications.Most importantly,the unique properties of polyol solvent allow for greater morphology control as shown by all the resulting materials exhibiting monodispersed nanoparticles morphology.This morphology contributes to improved lithium ion transport due to short diffusion lengths.Polyol-synthesized LiNi0.4Mn0.4Co0.2O2 delivers a reversible capacity of 101 and 82 mAh.g-1 using high current rate of 5C and 10C,respectively.It also displays surprisingly high surface structure stability after chargedischarge processes.Each step of the reaction was investigated to understand the underlying polyol synthesis mechanism.A combination of in situ and ex situ studies reveal the structural and chemical transformation of Ni-Co alloy nanocrystals overwrapped by a Mn-and Li-embedded organic matrix to a sedes of intermediate phases,and then eventually to the desired layered oxide phase with a homogeneous distribution of Ni,Co,and Mn.We envisage that this type of analysis will promote the development of optimized synthesis protocols by establishing links between experimental factors and important structural and chemical properties of the desired product.The insights can open a new direction of research to synthesize high-performance intercalation compounds by allowing unprecedented control of intermediate phases using experimental parameters.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Program ＂Optimization of Artificial Diets Composition for Rearing Trichogramma and Reproduction Quality Control （Grant No.31171903）＂.
文摘Insect additives have been shown to improve the value of artificial media for Trichogramma species, but at the same time maintain dependence on parallel cultures of host insects. In the present study, Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura was reared in vitro from egg to adult on artificial media with different contents of pupal hemolymph of Chinese oak silkmoth Antheraea pernyi （Guérin-Méneville） and with supplements of distilled water, or of trehalose dissolved in water or in Grace＇s insect medium. The results indicated insect hemolymph was the key component of artificial medium. Developmental parameters, including rates of parasitism, pupation, adult emergence and normal adults, and numbers of produced adults, were increased on media supplemented with trehalose even when the proportion of pupal hemolymph was reduced. Two artificial media, the first containing 30% hemolymph and 10% trehalose in water with 98.9% parasitism rate, 77.7.0% pupation rate, 77.2% emergence rate, 80.0% normal adult rate and 333 produced adults, and the second containing 25% hemolymph and 15% trehalose in Grace＇s insect medium with 97.8% parasitism rate, 91.0% pupation rate, 85.2% emergence rate, 76.1% normal adult rate and 757 produced adults, were believed to hold potential to mass produce T. dendrolimi. The use of trehalose to partially replace pupal hemolymph in artificial medium of this and other Trichogramma species may contribute to a significant reduction in their production cost and may as such help to evade problems related to short supplies of lepidopteran eggs, which currently constitute the main factitious host for the mass rearing of the parasitoids.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12035018)the IHEP Innovation Fund(Y9545150U2)the National Key Programme for S&T Research and Development(Grant No.:2016YFA0400104).
文摘Purpose The Large Hadron Collider(LHC)at European Organization for Nuclear Research is planned to be upgraded to the high luminosity LHC.Increasing the luminosity makes muon triggering reliable and offline reconstruction very challenging.To enhance the redundancy of the Compact Muon Solenoid(CMS)Muon system and resolve the ambiguity of track reconstruction in the forward region,an improved Resistive Plate Chamber(iRPC)with excellent time resolution will be installed in the Phase-2 CMS upgrade.The iRPC will be equipped with Front-End Electronics(FEE),which can perform high-precision time measurements of signals from both ends of the strip.New Back-End Electronics(BEE)need to be researched and developed to provide sophisticated functionalities such as interacting with FEE with shared links for fast,slow control(SC)and data,in addition to trigger primitives(TPs)generation and data acquisition(DAQ).Method The BEE prototype uses a homemade hardware board compatible with the MTCA standard,the back-end board(BEB).BEE interacts with FEE via a bidirectional 4.8 Gbps optical paired-link that integrates clock,data,and control information.The clock and fast/slow control commands are distributed from BEB to the FEE via the downlink.The uplink is used for BEB to receive the time information of the iRPC’sfired strips and the responses to the fast/slow control commands.To have a pipelined detector data for clusterfinding operation,recover(DeMux)the time relationship of which is changed due to the transmission protocol for the continuous incoming MUXed data from FEE.Then at each bunch crossing(BX),clusteringfired strips that satisfy time and spatial constraints to generate TPs.Both incoming raw MUXed detector data and TPs in a time window and latency based on the trigger signal are read out to the DAQ system.Gigabit Ethernet(GbE)of SiTCP and commercial 10-GbE are used as link standards for SC and DAQ,respectively,for the BEB to interact with the server.Results The joint test results of the BEB with iRPC and Front-End Board(
文摘In the well-known superfamily of transforming growth factors beta (TGF-b), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are one of the most compelling cytokines for their major role in regulation of cell growth and differentiation in both embryonic and adult tissues. This subfamily was first described for its ability of potentiating bone formation, but nowadays, the power of BMPs is well beyond the bone healing scope. Some of the BMPs have been well studied and described in the literature, but the BMP9 is still worthy of attention. It has been shown by many authors that it is the most potent osteogenic BMP. Moreover, it has been described as one of the rare circulating BMPs. In this paper, we will review the recent literature on BMP9 and the different avenues for future research in that field. Our primary scope is to review its relation to bone formation and to elaborate on the available literature on other systems.
基金the National Key Programme for S&T Research and Development(Grant NO.:2016YFA0400104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12035018)the IHEP Innovation Fund(Y9545150U2).
文摘Purpose To complement and ensure redundancy in the endcap muon system of the Compact Muon Solenoid(CMS)detector and to extend the Resistive Plate Chamber(RPC)system coverage,improved RPCs(iRPCs)with either orthogonal layer strips with one-end electronics or single layer strips with two-end electronics providing more precise time measurement will be installed in the very forward pseudorapidity region of|η|<2.4.The iRPC readout system needs to support twodimensional(2D)or two-end readout.In addition,it must combine detector data with Timing,Trigger and fast Control(TTC)and Slow Control(SC)into one data stream over a bi-directional optical link with a line rate of 4.8 Gb/s between the Front-End Electronics(FEE)and the Back-End Electronics(BEE).To fulfill these requirements,a prototype BEE for the iRPC 2D chamber has been researched and designed.Methods A Micro-Telecommunication and Computing Architecture(μTCA)-based processing card was designed in this study to establish a prototype system together with aμTCA crate.The Giga-Bit Transceiver(GBT)protocol is integrated to provide bi-directional communication between the FEE and BEE.A server is connected with the BEE by a Gigabit Ethernet(GbE)link for SC and a 10-GbE link for Data AcQuisition(DAQ).Results The Bit Error Rate(BER)test of the back-end board and a joint test with the iRPC 2D prototype chamber were performed.ABERof less than 1.331×10−16 was obtained.The timemeasurement with a resolution of 3.05 nswas successfully realized,and detector efficiencies of 97.7%for longitudinal strips and 96.0%for orthogonal strips were measured.Test results demonstrate the correctness and reliability of the prototype BEE.Conclusion The BEE prototype satisfies the requirements for the iRPC 2D chamber,and it worked stably and reliably during a long-term joint test run.
文摘We hypothesized that a relationship existed between the mechanical properties and the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters of muscles, as already demonstrated in cartilaginous tissues. The aim was to develop an indirect evaluation tool of the mechanical properties of degenerated muscles. Leg and arm muscles of adult rabbits were dissected, and tested 12 hours post mortem, in a state of rigor mortis, or 72 hours post mortem, in a state of post-rigor mortis. The tests consisted of a multi-parametric MRI acquisition followed by a uniaxial tensile test until failure. The statistical analysis consisted of multiple linear regressions and principal component analysis. Significant differences existed between the rigor mortis and post-rigor mortis groups for E but not for the MRI parameters. 78%, 60% or 33% of the Young’s modulus could be explained by the MRI parameters in the post-rigor mortis group, rigor mortis group or both groups respectively. These relationships were confirmed by the principal component analysis. The proposed multi-parametric MRI protocol associated to principal component analysis is a promising tool for the indirect evaluation of muscle mechanical properties and should be useful to find biomarkers and predictive factors of the evolution of the pathologies.
文摘Background: Few studies have considered the impact of demographic and clinical variables on help received respectively from services and relatives to satisfy needs of adults with severe mental disorders (SMD). Purposes: To identify major needs receiving help and, using the Andersen’s Behavioural Model of Health Service Use, to identify and compare predisposing, enabling and need factors associated with help given respectively by services and relatives. Methods: 352 adults with SMD from Montreal (Canada) were interviewed using six standardized instruments. Clinical records were consulted. Multiple linear regression analyses were processed to measure level of help received from relatives and services. Results: Factors significantly associated with help from relatives were: higher number of perceived needs;fewer diagnoses;better community functioning;being younger, and in a conjugal relationship;living autonomously;having social support and better quality of life;and, marginally, being an immigrant. Factors significantly associated with help from services were: higher number of perceived needs, better quality of life, supervised housing, adjustment disorder and schizophrenia. Conclusions: Help overall is insufficient to meet users’ needs. Services are more helpful than relatives, in particular regarding health needs. Comparatively to help from services, help from relatives is associated with predisposing factors like age, marital status and nationality.
文摘Some of the mathematical properties of the interface between two incompressible inviscid and immiscible fluids with different densities under the influence of a constant gravity field 9 are investigated. The purpose of this paper is to prove that linearly unstable modes for Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities give birth to nonlinear instabilities for the full nonlinear system. The main ingredient is a general instability theorem in an analytic framework which enables us to go from linear to nonlinear instabilities.
