AIM: To identify the variants in U rase 1 (UGT1A1) gene in Gilbert's syndrome (GS) and to estimate the association between homozygosity for TA insertion and GS in India, as well as the frequency of TA insertion ...AIM: To identify the variants in U rase 1 (UGT1A1) gene in Gilbert's syndrome (GS) and to estimate the association between homozygosity for TA insertion and GS in India, as well as the frequency of TA insertion and its impact among normal controls in India. METHODS: Ninety-five GS cases and 95 normal controls were selected. Liver function and other tests were done. The promoter and all 5 exons of UGT1A1 gene were resequenced. Functional assessment of a novel trinucleotide insertion was done by in silico analysis and by estimating UGT1A1 promoter activity carried out by ludferase reporter assay of appropriate constructs in Hep G2 cell line. RESULTS: Among the GS patients, 80% were homozygous for the TA insertion, which was several-fold higher than reports from other ethnic groups. The mean UCB level was elevated among individuals with only one copy of this insertion, which was not significantly different from those with two copies. Many new DNA variants in UGT1A1 gene were discovered, including a trinucleotide (CAT) insertion in the promoter found in a subset (10%) of GS patients, but not among normal controls. In-silico analysis showed marked changes in the DNA-folding of the promoter and functional analysis showed a 20-fold reduction in transcription efficiency of UGT1A1 gene resulting from this insertion, thereby significantly elevating the UCB level. CONCLUSION: The genetic epidemiology of GS is variable across ethnic interactions among UGT1A1 groups and the epistatic promoter variants modulate bilirubin glucuronidation.展开更多
Myeloproliferative neoplasms(MPNs)occur due to the abnormal proliferation of one or more terminal myeloid cell lines in peripheral blood.Subjects suffering from MPNs display a high burden of cardiovascular risk factor...Myeloproliferative neoplasms(MPNs)occur due to the abnormal proliferation of one or more terminal myeloid cell lines in peripheral blood.Subjects suffering from MPNs display a high burden of cardiovascular risk factors,and thrombotic events are often the cause of death in this population of patients.Herein,we provide a brief overview of dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome and their epidemiology in MPNs and examine the common molecular mechanisms between dyslipidemia,metabolic syndrome,and MPNs,with a special focus on cardio-vascular risk,atherosclerosis,and thrombotic events.Furthermore,we investigate the impact of dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome on the occurrence and survival of thrombosis in MPN patients,as well as the management of dyslipidemia in MPNs,and the impact of MPN treatment on serum lipid concentrations,particularly as side/adverse effects reported in the context of clinical trials.展开更多
Myeloproliferative neoplasms(MPNs)are defined as clonal disorders of the hematopoietic stem cell in which an exaggerated production of terminally differentiated myeloid cells occurs.Classical,Philadelphia-negative MPN...Myeloproliferative neoplasms(MPNs)are defined as clonal disorders of the hematopoietic stem cell in which an exaggerated production of terminally differentiated myeloid cells occurs.Classical,Philadelphia-negative MPNs,i.e.,polycythemia vera,essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis,exhibit a propensity towards the development of thrombotic complications that can occur in unusual sites,e.g.,portal,splanchnic or hepatic veins,the placenta or cerebral sinuses.The pathogenesis of thrombotic events in MPNs is complex and requires an intricate mechanism involving endothelial injury,stasis,elevated leukocyte adhesion,integrins,neutrophil extracellular traps,somatic mutations(e.g.,the V617F point mutation in the JAK2 gene),microparticles,circulating endothelial cells,and other factors,to name a few.Herein,we review the available data on Budd-Chiari syndrome in Philadelphia-negative MPNs,with a particular focus on its epidemiology,pathogenesis,histopathology,risk factors,classification,clinical presentation,diagnosis,and management.展开更多
Biomass and carbon stock in a forested areas are now prime important indicators of forest management and climate change mitigation measures. But the accurate estimation of biomass and carbon in trees of forests is now...Biomass and carbon stock in a forested areas are now prime important indicators of forest management and climate change mitigation measures. But the accurate estimation of biomass and carbon in trees of forests is now a challenging issue. In most cases, pantropical and regional biomass models are used frequently to estimate biomass and carbon stock in trees, but these estimation</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> have some uncertainty compared to the species-specific allometric biomass model. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Acacia</span></i><span> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">nilotica</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Casuarina</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">equisetifolia</span></i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Melia</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>azedarach</i> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">have been planted in different areas of Bangladesh considering the species-specific site requirements. While </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Barringtonia</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>acutangula</i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pongamia</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>pinnata</i> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">are the dominant tree species of the freshwater swamp forest of Bangladesh. This study was aimed to develop species-specific allometric biomass models for estimating stem and above ground biomass (TAGB) of these species using the non-destructive method and to compare the efficiency of the derived biomass models with the frequently used regional and pantropical biomass models. Four Ln-based models with diameter at breast height (DBH) and 展开更多
Analytical investigation on a combined heat and mass transfer of air flow near a continuously moving infinite plate with a constant heat sink is performed in the presence of a uniform magnetic field. To observe the th...Analytical investigation on a combined heat and mass transfer of air flow near a continuously moving infinite plate with a constant heat sink is performed in the presence of a uniform magnetic field. To observe the thermal radiation and Soret effect on the flow, thermal radiation and thermal diffusion term are added in energy and concentration equations. A flow of model is established by employing the well known boundary layer approximations. In order to obtain non-dimensional system of equations, a similarity transformation is applied on the flow model. Perturbation technique is used as main tool for the analytical approach. The numerical values of flow variables are computed by a FORTRAN program. The obtain numerical values of fluid velocity, temperature and species concentration are drawn for the different values of various parameters. To observe the effects of various parameters on the flow variables, the results are discussed in detailed with the help of graph.展开更多
The influence of a growth factor supplemented serum-free system on the development, gene expression, and cryotolerance of in vitro pro- duced bovine embryos was investigated. To assess the embryo development and gene ...The influence of a growth factor supplemented serum-free system on the development, gene expression, and cryotolerance of in vitro pro- duced bovine embryos was investigated. To assess the embryo development and gene ex- pression in blastocysts, abattoir-derived oo- cytes (obtained from 3 - 10 or <3 mm follicles) were matured and fertilized in serum-free media and cultured in synthetic oviductal fluid sup- plemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS, 4%), epidermal growth factor (EGF, 10 ng/mL), insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1, 100 ng/mL), stem cell factor (SCF, 50 ng/mL) or combinations of the growth factors. Expressions of selected gene transcripts were relatively quantified in the d 8 blastocysts. To assess the cryotolerance, d 4 morulae (derived from 3 - 10 mm follicles and cultured with the supplementation of FBS or combinations of the growth factors) were vitri- fied, thawed and cultured (with respective sup- plementations). Total cell number and DNA frag- mentation in blastocysts derived from the vitri- fied morulae were assessed through TUNEL assay. The rate (%) of cleavage, blastocyst and expanded/hatched blastocyst did not differ among the culture medium supplementations within the follicle size of 3 - 10 mm (range 65.1 ± 4.3 - 75.4 ± 3.9;22.4 ± 3.9 - 36.4 ± 3.6;and 11.2 ± 2.9 - 23.3 ± 3.2, respectively) or <3 mm (range 59.3 ± 4.2 - 74.5 ± 3.7;15.0 ± 3.5 - 28.7 ± 4.5;and 9.3 ± 2.8 - 17.3 ± 2.7, respectively). Nevertheless, significantly lower (P < 0.05) cleavage and blastocyst rates with FBS and lower blastocyst rate with SCF supplementations were observed for the oocytes derived from <3 compared to 3 - 10 mm follicles. The expression patterns of BCL-2, BAX, HSP1A1, GJA1 and BIRC5 tran- scripts varied significantly (P < 0.05) in all cases, except for BIRC5 in the blastocysts derived from 3 - 10 mm follicles. Following thaw and culture, the development (%) of vitrified morulae into expanded/hatched blastocysts was lower (P < 0.01) with the supplementation of growth fac- tors compared to FBS. I展开更多
Seasonal and sexual variations as well as the effect of dry feed supplement on total drinking water intake and its utilization were observed in mithun (Bosfrontalis) - a semi-wild animal found in North Eastern Hill ...Seasonal and sexual variations as well as the effect of dry feed supplement on total drinking water intake and its utilization were observed in mithun (Bosfrontalis) - a semi-wild animal found in North Eastern Hill Region (NEHR) of India. In a completely randomized design, twelve adult mithuns (B. frontalis) as per their sex and body weight were assigned in two different rearing systems (free grazing and free grazing with dry concentrate feed supplementation), and ten growing male mithuns as per their body weight assigned in two different levels of dry concentrate feed supplementation (1.o kg and 2.0 kg dry concentrate feeds on green forage based diet) and in two different seasons (summer and winter). It was observed that the environmental temperature had a significant effect on drinking water intake by mithuns. Drinking water consumption (per unit of body weight) was significantly (P 〈 0.05) higher in summer than in winter. Supplementation of concentrate feed on free grazing animals resulted in increase in water consumption. Total water consumption (drinking as well as performed water) was found to be 15.18 litres per 100 kg body weight by growing mithun. Feed dry matter and digestible nutrient intakes by growing mithun were observed to be increased with the increase of supplementation of dry concentrate feed. Roughage to concentrate ratio did not affect the nutrient digestibility. Mithun calves drank an average of 4.30 litres water for each kg of dry matter intake. Metabolic water was significantly (P〈0.01) increased with the increase of supplementation of concentrate feed whereas water turn over, which depends upon the body weight of the animals, did not differ significantly on offering of lower or higher level of dry feed. Faecal water loss of growing mithun was decreased with the increase in intake of concentrate feed and was estimated to be 33 - 46 % of total water intake. Excretion of water through faeces of mithun was about 3.8 % of body weight. It could, there展开更多
Confocal laser endomicroscopy(CLE)is a novel endoscopic modality that provides real-time histological information via high-resolution magnified view of the mucosa.CLE has a higher sensitivity,specificity,and diagnosti...Confocal laser endomicroscopy(CLE)is a novel endoscopic modality that provides real-time histological information via high-resolution magnified view of the mucosa.CLE has a higher sensitivity,specificity,and diagnostic accuracy in detecting atrophic gastritis as compared to chromoendoscopy and narrow-band imaging.It can even predict low-grade and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia by analyzing gastric pit patterns.CLE may have some advantages over the standard biopsy protocol,such as higher diagnostic yield and fewer biopsy requirements.Its diagnostic accuracy in detecting superficial gastric cancer is higher than that of white-light endoscopy.Inherent limitations,such as a narrow field of vision,can be surpassed by technological advancements and integration with other detection methods.Artificial intelligence holds promise in automated analysis of histopathological images.Thus,CLE can be helpful in screening for early gastric cancer and may help reduce the risk of complications from repeated biopsies,such as mucosal damage,bleeding,and infection.展开更多
Acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding(ANVUGIB)is a common medical emergency in clinical practice.While the incidence has significantly reduced,the mortality rates have not undergone a similar reduction in...Acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding(ANVUGIB)is a common medical emergency in clinical practice.While the incidence has significantly reduced,the mortality rates have not undergone a similar reduction in the last few decades,thus presenting a significant challenge.This editorial outlines the key causes and risk factors of ANVUGIB and explores the current standards and recent updates in risk assessment scoring systems for predicting mortality and endoscopic treatments for achieving hemostasis.Since ANUVGIB predominantly affects the elderly population,the impact of comorbidities may be responsible for the poor outcomes.A thorough drug history is important due to the increasing use of antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants in the elderly.Early risk stratification plays a crucial role in deciding the line of management and predicting mortality.Emerging scoring systems such as the ABC(age,blood tests,co-morbidities)score show promise in predicting mortality and guiding clinical decisions.While conventional endoscopic therapies remain cornerstone approaches,novel techniques like hemostatic powders and over-the-scope clips offer promising alternatives,particularly in cases refractory to traditional modalities.By integrating validated scoring systems and leveraging novel therapeutic modalities,clinicians can enhance patient care and mitigate the substantial morbidity and mortality associated with ANVUGIB.展开更多
基金Supported by grants from the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India (to PPM) and the Department of Science & Technology, Government of West Bengal (to AC)
文摘AIM: To identify the variants in U rase 1 (UGT1A1) gene in Gilbert's syndrome (GS) and to estimate the association between homozygosity for TA insertion and GS in India, as well as the frequency of TA insertion and its impact among normal controls in India. METHODS: Ninety-five GS cases and 95 normal controls were selected. Liver function and other tests were done. The promoter and all 5 exons of UGT1A1 gene were resequenced. Functional assessment of a novel trinucleotide insertion was done by in silico analysis and by estimating UGT1A1 promoter activity carried out by ludferase reporter assay of appropriate constructs in Hep G2 cell line. RESULTS: Among the GS patients, 80% were homozygous for the TA insertion, which was several-fold higher than reports from other ethnic groups. The mean UCB level was elevated among individuals with only one copy of this insertion, which was not significantly different from those with two copies. Many new DNA variants in UGT1A1 gene were discovered, including a trinucleotide (CAT) insertion in the promoter found in a subset (10%) of GS patients, but not among normal controls. In-silico analysis showed marked changes in the DNA-folding of the promoter and functional analysis showed a 20-fold reduction in transcription efficiency of UGT1A1 gene resulting from this insertion, thereby significantly elevating the UCB level. CONCLUSION: The genetic epidemiology of GS is variable across ethnic interactions among UGT1A1 groups and the epistatic promoter variants modulate bilirubin glucuronidation.
基金Supported by the Grant Funded by Competitiveness Operational Programme A1.1.4.ID:P_37_798 MYELOAL-EDIAPROT(to Găman MA),No.149/26.10.2016(MySMIS2014+:106774).
文摘Myeloproliferative neoplasms(MPNs)occur due to the abnormal proliferation of one or more terminal myeloid cell lines in peripheral blood.Subjects suffering from MPNs display a high burden of cardiovascular risk factors,and thrombotic events are often the cause of death in this population of patients.Herein,we provide a brief overview of dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome and their epidemiology in MPNs and examine the common molecular mechanisms between dyslipidemia,metabolic syndrome,and MPNs,with a special focus on cardio-vascular risk,atherosclerosis,and thrombotic events.Furthermore,we investigate the impact of dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome on the occurrence and survival of thrombosis in MPN patients,as well as the management of dyslipidemia in MPNs,and the impact of MPN treatment on serum lipid concentrations,particularly as side/adverse effects reported in the context of clinical trials.
文摘Myeloproliferative neoplasms(MPNs)are defined as clonal disorders of the hematopoietic stem cell in which an exaggerated production of terminally differentiated myeloid cells occurs.Classical,Philadelphia-negative MPNs,i.e.,polycythemia vera,essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis,exhibit a propensity towards the development of thrombotic complications that can occur in unusual sites,e.g.,portal,splanchnic or hepatic veins,the placenta or cerebral sinuses.The pathogenesis of thrombotic events in MPNs is complex and requires an intricate mechanism involving endothelial injury,stasis,elevated leukocyte adhesion,integrins,neutrophil extracellular traps,somatic mutations(e.g.,the V617F point mutation in the JAK2 gene),microparticles,circulating endothelial cells,and other factors,to name a few.Herein,we review the available data on Budd-Chiari syndrome in Philadelphia-negative MPNs,with a particular focus on its epidemiology,pathogenesis,histopathology,risk factors,classification,clinical presentation,diagnosis,and management.
文摘Biomass and carbon stock in a forested areas are now prime important indicators of forest management and climate change mitigation measures. But the accurate estimation of biomass and carbon in trees of forests is now a challenging issue. In most cases, pantropical and regional biomass models are used frequently to estimate biomass and carbon stock in trees, but these estimation</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> have some uncertainty compared to the species-specific allometric biomass model. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Acacia</span></i><span> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">nilotica</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Casuarina</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">equisetifolia</span></i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Melia</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>azedarach</i> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">have been planted in different areas of Bangladesh considering the species-specific site requirements. While </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Barringtonia</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>acutangula</i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pongamia</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>pinnata</i> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">are the dominant tree species of the freshwater swamp forest of Bangladesh. This study was aimed to develop species-specific allometric biomass models for estimating stem and above ground biomass (TAGB) of these species using the non-destructive method and to compare the efficiency of the derived biomass models with the frequently used regional and pantropical biomass models. Four Ln-based models with diameter at breast height (DBH) and
文摘Analytical investigation on a combined heat and mass transfer of air flow near a continuously moving infinite plate with a constant heat sink is performed in the presence of a uniform magnetic field. To observe the thermal radiation and Soret effect on the flow, thermal radiation and thermal diffusion term are added in energy and concentration equations. A flow of model is established by employing the well known boundary layer approximations. In order to obtain non-dimensional system of equations, a similarity transformation is applied on the flow model. Perturbation technique is used as main tool for the analytical approach. The numerical values of flow variables are computed by a FORTRAN program. The obtain numerical values of fluid velocity, temperature and species concentration are drawn for the different values of various parameters. To observe the effects of various parameters on the flow variables, the results are discussed in detailed with the help of graph.
文摘The influence of a growth factor supplemented serum-free system on the development, gene expression, and cryotolerance of in vitro pro- duced bovine embryos was investigated. To assess the embryo development and gene ex- pression in blastocysts, abattoir-derived oo- cytes (obtained from 3 - 10 or <3 mm follicles) were matured and fertilized in serum-free media and cultured in synthetic oviductal fluid sup- plemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS, 4%), epidermal growth factor (EGF, 10 ng/mL), insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1, 100 ng/mL), stem cell factor (SCF, 50 ng/mL) or combinations of the growth factors. Expressions of selected gene transcripts were relatively quantified in the d 8 blastocysts. To assess the cryotolerance, d 4 morulae (derived from 3 - 10 mm follicles and cultured with the supplementation of FBS or combinations of the growth factors) were vitri- fied, thawed and cultured (with respective sup- plementations). Total cell number and DNA frag- mentation in blastocysts derived from the vitri- fied morulae were assessed through TUNEL assay. The rate (%) of cleavage, blastocyst and expanded/hatched blastocyst did not differ among the culture medium supplementations within the follicle size of 3 - 10 mm (range 65.1 ± 4.3 - 75.4 ± 3.9;22.4 ± 3.9 - 36.4 ± 3.6;and 11.2 ± 2.9 - 23.3 ± 3.2, respectively) or <3 mm (range 59.3 ± 4.2 - 74.5 ± 3.7;15.0 ± 3.5 - 28.7 ± 4.5;and 9.3 ± 2.8 - 17.3 ± 2.7, respectively). Nevertheless, significantly lower (P < 0.05) cleavage and blastocyst rates with FBS and lower blastocyst rate with SCF supplementations were observed for the oocytes derived from <3 compared to 3 - 10 mm follicles. The expression patterns of BCL-2, BAX, HSP1A1, GJA1 and BIRC5 tran- scripts varied significantly (P < 0.05) in all cases, except for BIRC5 in the blastocysts derived from 3 - 10 mm follicles. Following thaw and culture, the development (%) of vitrified morulae into expanded/hatched blastocysts was lower (P < 0.01) with the supplementation of growth fac- tors compared to FBS. I
文摘Seasonal and sexual variations as well as the effect of dry feed supplement on total drinking water intake and its utilization were observed in mithun (Bosfrontalis) - a semi-wild animal found in North Eastern Hill Region (NEHR) of India. In a completely randomized design, twelve adult mithuns (B. frontalis) as per their sex and body weight were assigned in two different rearing systems (free grazing and free grazing with dry concentrate feed supplementation), and ten growing male mithuns as per their body weight assigned in two different levels of dry concentrate feed supplementation (1.o kg and 2.0 kg dry concentrate feeds on green forage based diet) and in two different seasons (summer and winter). It was observed that the environmental temperature had a significant effect on drinking water intake by mithuns. Drinking water consumption (per unit of body weight) was significantly (P 〈 0.05) higher in summer than in winter. Supplementation of concentrate feed on free grazing animals resulted in increase in water consumption. Total water consumption (drinking as well as performed water) was found to be 15.18 litres per 100 kg body weight by growing mithun. Feed dry matter and digestible nutrient intakes by growing mithun were observed to be increased with the increase of supplementation of dry concentrate feed. Roughage to concentrate ratio did not affect the nutrient digestibility. Mithun calves drank an average of 4.30 litres water for each kg of dry matter intake. Metabolic water was significantly (P〈0.01) increased with the increase of supplementation of concentrate feed whereas water turn over, which depends upon the body weight of the animals, did not differ significantly on offering of lower or higher level of dry feed. Faecal water loss of growing mithun was decreased with the increase in intake of concentrate feed and was estimated to be 33 - 46 % of total water intake. Excretion of water through faeces of mithun was about 3.8 % of body weight. It could, there
文摘Confocal laser endomicroscopy(CLE)is a novel endoscopic modality that provides real-time histological information via high-resolution magnified view of the mucosa.CLE has a higher sensitivity,specificity,and diagnostic accuracy in detecting atrophic gastritis as compared to chromoendoscopy and narrow-band imaging.It can even predict low-grade and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia by analyzing gastric pit patterns.CLE may have some advantages over the standard biopsy protocol,such as higher diagnostic yield and fewer biopsy requirements.Its diagnostic accuracy in detecting superficial gastric cancer is higher than that of white-light endoscopy.Inherent limitations,such as a narrow field of vision,can be surpassed by technological advancements and integration with other detection methods.Artificial intelligence holds promise in automated analysis of histopathological images.Thus,CLE can be helpful in screening for early gastric cancer and may help reduce the risk of complications from repeated biopsies,such as mucosal damage,bleeding,and infection.
文摘Acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding(ANVUGIB)is a common medical emergency in clinical practice.While the incidence has significantly reduced,the mortality rates have not undergone a similar reduction in the last few decades,thus presenting a significant challenge.This editorial outlines the key causes and risk factors of ANVUGIB and explores the current standards and recent updates in risk assessment scoring systems for predicting mortality and endoscopic treatments for achieving hemostasis.Since ANUVGIB predominantly affects the elderly population,the impact of comorbidities may be responsible for the poor outcomes.A thorough drug history is important due to the increasing use of antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants in the elderly.Early risk stratification plays a crucial role in deciding the line of management and predicting mortality.Emerging scoring systems such as the ABC(age,blood tests,co-morbidities)score show promise in predicting mortality and guiding clinical decisions.While conventional endoscopic therapies remain cornerstone approaches,novel techniques like hemostatic powders and over-the-scope clips offer promising alternatives,particularly in cases refractory to traditional modalities.By integrating validated scoring systems and leveraging novel therapeutic modalities,clinicians can enhance patient care and mitigate the substantial morbidity and mortality associated with ANVUGIB.