Studies on the taxonomy and phylogeny of Diplodia have been hampered by the lack of an ex-type culture linked to the holotype of D.mutila,which is the type of the genus.In this study a large collection of Diplodia str...Studies on the taxonomy and phylogeny of Diplodia have been hampered by the lack of an ex-type culture linked to the holotype of D.mutila,which is the type of the genus.In this study a large collection of Diplodia strains,obtained from ash and other woody hosts showing V-shaped cankers and branch dieback,were identified based on morphological characters and DNA sequence data from ITS and EF1-α loci.Results of combined morphological and phylogenetic analyses showed that the Fraxinus isolates from Italy,the Netherlands,Portugal and Spain belong to three distinct species namely Diplodia fraxini,Diplodia mutila and Diplodia subglobosa sp.nov.An epitype was designated for Diplodia mutila,with associated ex-epitype cultures.The name D.fraxini is re-instated and a neotype designated.Two species,Diplodia seriata and Diplodia pseudoseriata were reported for the first time on Fraxinus spp.展开更多
The diversity of Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with“Botryosphaeria dieback”of grapevine was investigated in 18 vineyards in Sardinia,Italy.Lasiodiplodia isolates obtained from different woody hosts including...The diversity of Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with“Botryosphaeria dieback”of grapevine was investigated in 18 vineyards in Sardinia,Italy.Lasiodiplodia isolates obtained from different woody hosts including holm oak,sweet orange and broom bush in Italy,Algeria and Tunisia were also characterized.Morphological and cultural characteristics as well as ITS and EF1-αsequence data were used to identify the fungal isolates.Forty-eight botryosphaeriaceous isolates were obtained from 113 symptomatic grapevine samples,from which ten species were identified.Diplodia seriata was the dominant species(25%of isolates),followed by Neofusicoccum parvum(21.7%).Two species,Diplodia olivarum and D.africana are reported for the first time on grapevine.In addition,two new species namely Lasiodiplodia mediterranea sp.nov.from grapevine,holm oak and sweet orange and Lasiodiplodia exigua sp.nov.from broom bush are described.In artificial inoculation experiments conducted on excised green grapevine shoots and lignified canes as well as holm oak seedlings,L.mediterranea was shown to be an aggressive pathogen.展开更多
BACKGROUND The practice of Indian Ayurvedic medicine is spreading in Western countries and Shilajit is one of the most used drugs, for its antioxidant activities and immunomodulatory effects. Albeit Shilajit has showe...BACKGROUND The practice of Indian Ayurvedic medicine is spreading in Western countries and Shilajit is one of the most used drugs, for its antioxidant activities and immunomodulatory effects. Albeit Shilajit has showed a high degree of safety, it can act as cofactor of anaphylaxis, especially in condition at high risk, such as mast cell activation syndrome(MCAS). We reported this case to sensitize practitioners to investigate to the use of complementary and alternative medicine,in case of exercise-induced anaphylaxis(EIAn).CASE SUMMARY A 43-year-old woman, working as a dance teacher, developed urticaria after ingestion of rice, tuna and Shilajit, which did not respond to intramuscular corticosteroids. Subsequently, she developed dyspnoea and hypotension with loss of consciousness that arose 1 h after sexual activity. The patient did not refer personal history of atopy. Specific IgE for main food allergens resulted negative,with total IgE levels of 14 IU/L. Oral provocation test with Shilajit was not perfomed because the patient refused, but we performed prick-by-prick and patch test that resulted negative. Serum tryptase at the time of anaphylaxis was 20.6 μg/L that fell down to of 10.6 μg/L after therapy, but has remained at the high value after two days and during the follow-up. We performed an analysis of the c-KIT gene in peripheral blood, which was negative. We felt the diagnosis consistent with EIAn in a patient with a possible MCAS.CONCLUSION In Western countries the use of drugs from Ayurvedic medicine is more common than in the past. These substances can be cofactors of anaphylaxis in patients with risk factors.展开更多
Introduction: In hospitals and other healthcare settings the presence of airborne and sedimented fungi is an extrinsic risk factor for opportunistic infections involving both immunocompromised and non-immunocompromise...Introduction: In hospitals and other healthcare settings the presence of airborne and sedimented fungi is an extrinsic risk factor for opportunistic infections involving both immunocompromised and non-immunocompromised persons. In hospitalized patients, it is estimated that 9% of hospital-acquired infections are caused by fungi. Lethality rate varies from 40% to 100% depending on the immunosuppression degree of stakeholders. To prevent healthcare-associated infections, the control of environmental fungal contamination through use of sanitizing/disinfecting practices is basic. However, the widespread use of common disinfectants could promote the growth of antibiotic-resistant superbugs and cause environmental harm. These aspects stimulated the search of new antimicrobial agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Mentha insularis Req., Mentha pulegium L., Mentha requienii Bentham, Artemisia caerulescens L. ssp. densiflora (Viv), Rosmarinus officinalis L. var. albiflorus, Rosmarinus officinalis L. var. lavandulescens, and Ocotea puchury major Mart. against fungi species frequently found in hospitals and potentially responsible for opportunistic mycoses. Methods: The essential oils’ antifungal activity was carried out by agar disc diffusion technique. Results: All tested essential oils are effective, though to a different degree, against both molds that yeasts assessed. The major antifungal activity was showed by Mentha oils. Particularly, Mentha requienii and Mentha insularis oils were active until 1:8 dilution against Rhodotorula spp. and 1:16 dilution against mixed molds, while M. pulegium was strongly active until 1:2 against both fungi. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, few or no data are available in literature on the activity of essential oils against hospital environmental isolates of fungi. Results suggest their potential application in sanitation procedures of the hospital, and in general, of the “care settings”.展开更多
基金supported by the programme Ciencia 2008,co-funded by the Human Potential Operational Programme(National Strategic Reference Framework 2007-2013)the European Social Fund(EU)+1 种基金financed by Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia(Portugal)through grant PEst-OE/BIA/UI0457/2011the financial support of his PhD scholarship(P.O.R.Sardegna F.S.E.Operational Programme of the Autonomous Region of Sardinia,European Social Fund 2007-2013-Axis Ⅳ Human Resources,Objective 1.3,Line of Activity 1.3.1.)。
文摘Studies on the taxonomy and phylogeny of Diplodia have been hampered by the lack of an ex-type culture linked to the holotype of D.mutila,which is the type of the genus.In this study a large collection of Diplodia strains,obtained from ash and other woody hosts showing V-shaped cankers and branch dieback,were identified based on morphological characters and DNA sequence data from ITS and EF1-α loci.Results of combined morphological and phylogenetic analyses showed that the Fraxinus isolates from Italy,the Netherlands,Portugal and Spain belong to three distinct species namely Diplodia fraxini,Diplodia mutila and Diplodia subglobosa sp.nov.An epitype was designated for Diplodia mutila,with associated ex-epitype cultures.The name D.fraxini is re-instated and a neotype designated.Two species,Diplodia seriata and Diplodia pseudoseriata were reported for the first time on Fraxinus spp.
基金Antonio Deidda and Bruno Scanu gratefully acknowledge Sardinia Regional Government for the financial support of the PhD scholarship and research grant,respectively(P.O.R.Sardegna F.S.E.Operational Programme of the Autonomous Region of Sardinia,European Social Fund 2007–2013-Axis IV Human Resources,Objective l.3,Line of Activity l.3.1.).
文摘The diversity of Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with“Botryosphaeria dieback”of grapevine was investigated in 18 vineyards in Sardinia,Italy.Lasiodiplodia isolates obtained from different woody hosts including holm oak,sweet orange and broom bush in Italy,Algeria and Tunisia were also characterized.Morphological and cultural characteristics as well as ITS and EF1-αsequence data were used to identify the fungal isolates.Forty-eight botryosphaeriaceous isolates were obtained from 113 symptomatic grapevine samples,from which ten species were identified.Diplodia seriata was the dominant species(25%of isolates),followed by Neofusicoccum parvum(21.7%).Two species,Diplodia olivarum and D.africana are reported for the first time on grapevine.In addition,two new species namely Lasiodiplodia mediterranea sp.nov.from grapevine,holm oak and sweet orange and Lasiodiplodia exigua sp.nov.from broom bush are described.In artificial inoculation experiments conducted on excised green grapevine shoots and lignified canes as well as holm oak seedlings,L.mediterranea was shown to be an aggressive pathogen.
文摘BACKGROUND The practice of Indian Ayurvedic medicine is spreading in Western countries and Shilajit is one of the most used drugs, for its antioxidant activities and immunomodulatory effects. Albeit Shilajit has showed a high degree of safety, it can act as cofactor of anaphylaxis, especially in condition at high risk, such as mast cell activation syndrome(MCAS). We reported this case to sensitize practitioners to investigate to the use of complementary and alternative medicine,in case of exercise-induced anaphylaxis(EIAn).CASE SUMMARY A 43-year-old woman, working as a dance teacher, developed urticaria after ingestion of rice, tuna and Shilajit, which did not respond to intramuscular corticosteroids. Subsequently, she developed dyspnoea and hypotension with loss of consciousness that arose 1 h after sexual activity. The patient did not refer personal history of atopy. Specific IgE for main food allergens resulted negative,with total IgE levels of 14 IU/L. Oral provocation test with Shilajit was not perfomed because the patient refused, but we performed prick-by-prick and patch test that resulted negative. Serum tryptase at the time of anaphylaxis was 20.6 μg/L that fell down to of 10.6 μg/L after therapy, but has remained at the high value after two days and during the follow-up. We performed an analysis of the c-KIT gene in peripheral blood, which was negative. We felt the diagnosis consistent with EIAn in a patient with a possible MCAS.CONCLUSION In Western countries the use of drugs from Ayurvedic medicine is more common than in the past. These substances can be cofactors of anaphylaxis in patients with risk factors.
文摘Introduction: In hospitals and other healthcare settings the presence of airborne and sedimented fungi is an extrinsic risk factor for opportunistic infections involving both immunocompromised and non-immunocompromised persons. In hospitalized patients, it is estimated that 9% of hospital-acquired infections are caused by fungi. Lethality rate varies from 40% to 100% depending on the immunosuppression degree of stakeholders. To prevent healthcare-associated infections, the control of environmental fungal contamination through use of sanitizing/disinfecting practices is basic. However, the widespread use of common disinfectants could promote the growth of antibiotic-resistant superbugs and cause environmental harm. These aspects stimulated the search of new antimicrobial agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Mentha insularis Req., Mentha pulegium L., Mentha requienii Bentham, Artemisia caerulescens L. ssp. densiflora (Viv), Rosmarinus officinalis L. var. albiflorus, Rosmarinus officinalis L. var. lavandulescens, and Ocotea puchury major Mart. against fungi species frequently found in hospitals and potentially responsible for opportunistic mycoses. Methods: The essential oils’ antifungal activity was carried out by agar disc diffusion technique. Results: All tested essential oils are effective, though to a different degree, against both molds that yeasts assessed. The major antifungal activity was showed by Mentha oils. Particularly, Mentha requienii and Mentha insularis oils were active until 1:8 dilution against Rhodotorula spp. and 1:16 dilution against mixed molds, while M. pulegium was strongly active until 1:2 against both fungi. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, few or no data are available in literature on the activity of essential oils against hospital environmental isolates of fungi. Results suggest their potential application in sanitation procedures of the hospital, and in general, of the “care settings”.
