Background: Few studies have focused on the geographic and chronologic assessment of inclusivity and wellness in Obstetrics and Gynecology residency websites across the US. Objective: To identify variations in wellnes...Background: Few studies have focused on the geographic and chronologic assessment of inclusivity and wellness in Obstetrics and Gynecology residency websites across the US. Objective: To identify variations in wellness and inclusivity website depictions across CREOG districts over the past two years. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of the websites of ACGME-accredited OB/GYN residency programs across the United States between April 2022 and April 2023. The assessment was based on a compilation of 22 attributes devised and piloted by 49 medical students. A racially, geographically, and gender-diverse cohort of 11 students performed data collection. Results: A total of 560 websites were analyzed over two years. Wellness efforts remained unchanged in both years (website content, dedicated support personnel, and group activities). In 2023, a reduction in referencing of wellness (22%) and inclusivity (30%) occurred in leadership messaging. However, a 7% increase in the use of inclusive pronouns was noted. A reduction in gender diversity was identified (9% in faculty, 5% in residents), with programs favoring female-only teams. Similarly, a 7% reduction in the number of underrepresented in medicine faculty and residents was noted. A 15% reduction was noted in curricula referencing inclusivity in their mission statement and inclusivity focused research. Conclusions: This study suggests the variations across websites relative to inclusivity and wellness over the past two years. Updated websites may provide an accurate reflection of the offerings of programs and their investment in wellness and inclusivity across the nation.展开更多
Central tolerance in the thymus is the primary mechanism for deleting autoreactive T cells. Despite this, escape of self-reactive T lymphocytes into the periphery reveals the threat of autoimmunity. To compensate for ...Central tolerance in the thymus is the primary mechanism for deleting autoreactive T cells. Despite this, escape of self-reactive T lymphocytes into the periphery reveals the threat of autoimmunity. To compensate for its imperfection, the thymus also produces a naturally occurring subset of Foxp3＋ CD4＋CD25＋ regulatory T cells with suppressive function, capable of controlling autoreactive cells. Foxp3 （forkhead box P3）, the lineage-specific marker for this subset of cells, is crucial to their thymic development and peripheral function, and yet the transcriptional program driven by Foxp3 was until now largely undefined. Emerging evidence has provided insight into its role： from the ability of Foxp3 to cooperate with other transcription factors such as NFAT, to the genome-wide characterization of target genes directly bound and regulated by Foxp3. Here we discuss the discovery of naturally occurring regulatory T cells-their phenotype, development, maintenance, and function-largely as they are defined by the lineage-specific marker, Foxp3.展开更多
Personalized medicine is the development of “tailored” therapies that reflect traditional medical approaches with the incorporation of the patient’s unique genetic profile and the environmental basis of the disease...Personalized medicine is the development of “tailored” therapies that reflect traditional medical approaches with the incorporation of the patient’s unique genetic profile and the environmental basis of the disease. These individualized strategies encompass disease prevention and diagnosis, as well as treatment strategies. Today’s healthcare workforce is faced with the availability of massive amounts of patient- and disease-related data. When mined effectively, these data will help produce more efficient and effective diagnoses and treatment, leading to better prognoses for patients at both the individual and population level. Designing preventive and therapeutic interventions for those patients who will benefit most while minimizing side effects and controlling healthcare costs requires bringing diverse data sources together in an analytic paradigm. A resource to clinicians in the development and application of personalized medicine is largely facilitated, perhaps even driven, by the analysis of “big data”. For example, the availability of clinical data warehouses is a significant resource for clinicians in practicing personalized medicine. These “big data” repositories can be queried by clinicians, using specific questions, with data used to gain an understanding of challenges in patient care and treatment. Health informaticians are critical partners to data analytics including the use of technological infrastructures and predictive data mining strategies to access data from multiple sources, assisting clinicians’ interpretation of data and development of personalized, targeted therapy recommendations. In this paper, we look at the concept of personalized medicine, offering perspectives in four important, influencing topics: 1) the availability of “big data” and the role of biomedical informatics in personalized medicine, 2) the need for interdisciplinary teams in the development and evaluation of personalized therapeutic approaches, and 3) the impact of electronic medical record systems 展开更多
Background： Integration of behavioral observations with traditional selection schemes may lead to enhanced animal well-being and more profitable forage-based cattle production systems.Brahman-influenced（BR;n = 64） ...Background： Integration of behavioral observations with traditional selection schemes may lead to enhanced animal well-being and more profitable forage-based cattle production systems.Brahman-influenced（BR;n = 64） and Gelbvieh × Angus（GA;n = 64） heifers consumed either toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue（E＋） or one of two nontoxic endophyte-infected tall fescue（NT） cultivars during two yr.Heifers were weighed at midpoint and termination of grazing.Grazing behavior（grazing,resting in the shade,lying,or standing without grazing） was recorded（n = 13 visual observations per yr in June and July） for each pasture.During yr 2,exit velocity（EV） and serum prolactin（PRL） were determined.Results： Grazing behavior was influenced（P 0.05） by an interaction between fescue cultivar and breed type.Gelbvieh × Angus heifers assigned to E＋ pastures had the lowest percentage of animals grazing and the largest percentage of animals resting in the shade.Brahman-influenced heifers had faster EV（P 0.001） than GA heifers（0.52 vs.0.74 ± 0.04 s/m,respectively）.Body weight（BW） was affected（P 0.01） by an interaction of tall fescue cultivar and d,and an interaction of tall fescue cultivar and breed type.Heifers grazing NT pastures were heavier（P 0.01） than heifers grazing E＋ pastures at midpoint and termination.Gelbvieh × Angus heifers grazing NT pastures were heavier（P 0.01） than GA and BR heifers grazing E＋ and BR heifers grazing NT pastures.An interaction of forage cultivar and breed type occurred on serum PRL（P 0.01）.Conclusion： Collectively fescue cultivar,EV,and concentrations of serum PRL were associated with grazing behavior.Heifers grazing NT pastures were observed to be grazing more than heifers assigned to E＋ pastures,regardless of breed type,which may have contributed to changes in BW and average daily gain（ADG） in heifers.Integration of behavioral observations along with traditional selection schemes may lead to enhanced animal well-being and 展开更多
Traditionally medicinal plants are used for its potential chemotherapeutic action and for safety upon the continued use of these plants.Achillea millefolium(AM)is an ancient herb which is used to treat wounds,headache...Traditionally medicinal plants are used for its potential chemotherapeutic action and for safety upon the continued use of these plants.Achillea millefolium(AM)is an ancient herb which is used to treat wounds,headaches,disorder in gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary,pain,and inflammation.This study was aimed to investigate the biochemical parameter of antimutagenic methanolic extract for AM in vivo.Plant extract together with MTX decreased the damage caused by the drug on the concentrations of total cholesterol and triglycerides(160.3±2.26 and 108.7±2.71),significant increase in total protein concentration(8.51±0.17,9.46±0.19 and 10.8±2.71 g\dL)for 100 and 200 mg\kg was observed.Also plant extracts counteract the damage caused by drug through the reduction for both creatinin and albumin concentrations to 1.57±0.03 mg\dL and 4.56±0.09 g\dL,respectively.On enzymatic level,the results of interactions indicated the ability of plant to modulating harmful effects of the drug(57.1±1.3,130±3.1 and 111.1±2.1 U\L)for GOT,GPT and ALP,respectively.On the other hand,the plant possesses the ability to enhance the concentrations of all immunoglobulin(IgM,IgA and IgG)in the two doses tested.Therefore,the results of this study indicate the antimutagenic potential of AM extract and encouraging its consumption with MTX as one of the promising therapies.展开更多
Background: Methotrexate is a well-known standard therapy for psoriasis. The standard regimen is using six (2.5 mg) tablets/week that might be with many side effects. Objective: Finding a new regimen for oral methotre...Background: Methotrexate is a well-known standard therapy for psoriasis. The standard regimen is using six (2.5 mg) tablets/week that might be with many side effects. Objective: Finding a new regimen for oral methotrexate aiming to decrease side effects and increase its effectiveness. Patients and Methods: This therapeutic, comparative study done at the Center of Dermatology, Medical city, from October 2017 to October 2018. Fifty-three patients with moderate to severe psoriasis completed the study. They were divided into: Group (A) (27) patients were treated with the new oral regimen and Group (B) (26) patients were treated with the six tablets/week. Investigations including CBC, LFT and RFT were done. PASI score, BSA and side effects especially gastrointestinal ones were recorded. Results: They were 29 males and 24 females. Age ranged from 18 - 67 years. Disease duration ranged from 1 - 30 years. BSA involved ranged from 20% - 79%. The PASI score ranged from 10.2 - 45.7. After 8 weeks of treatment, there was statistically significant difference (p-value > 0.001) regarding PASI score and gastrointestinal side effects being less in Group (A). Group A patients were more satisfied. Conclusion: The new regimen used in the present study has lower gastrointestinal side effects and more efficacy.展开更多
Adsorption of heavy metal ions on chitosan-based adsorbents has been extensively investigated.However,few studies explored the feasibility of desorbing and regenerating chitosan.Adsorbents used after adsorption of hea...Adsorption of heavy metal ions on chitosan-based adsorbents has been extensively investigated.However,few studies explored the feasibility of desorbing and regenerating chitosan.Adsorbents used after adsorption of heavy metals are discarded,and this practice exacerbates the solid treatment problem.Regeneration and reuse of exhausted adsorbents should be considered to operate environment-friendly and cost-effective adsorption.This review was performed to summarize the desorption of heavy metal ions and possible regeneration of chitosan-based adsorbents using various desorption agents such as acids,alkalis,salts,and chelating agents.It was found that the highest desorption efficiencies were obtained by acidic eluents.The percentage use of desorption agents for desorbing followed the order of acids(49.3%)>chelators(26.9%)>alkalis(14.9%)>salts(8.9%).Moreover,the proper desorption time was estimated to be 0.84 by 1.37 h.The beneficial information is provided for the regeneration and recovery of chitosan adsorbents.展开更多
The aim of the present study have been reported to review the estrogen level in the patients with the breast cancer and healthy individuals.Breast cancer is one of the most common diseases in women worldwide that is c...The aim of the present study have been reported to review the estrogen level in the patients with the breast cancer and healthy individuals.Breast cancer is one of the most common diseases in women worldwide that is characterized by uncontrolled growth of malignant cells in the mammary epithelial tissue.The estrogen was found at normal level in most patients with ER-positive breast cancer and in healthy individuals,while its high level was higher among patients with ER-negative breast cancer.Many studies show evidences about the role of estrogen at a high level on the development of breast cancer.The association between the estrogen levels and the presence of Candida spp.in vagina of patients with breast cancer was reviewed.展开更多
PURPOSE. To evaluate the association between the diagnosis of glaucoma and motor vehicle collision (MVC) involvement and driving avoidance in drivers aged ≥ 50 years. METHODS. Two groups of patients, one with glaucom...PURPOSE. To evaluate the association between the diagnosis of glaucoma and motor vehicle collision (MVC) involvement and driving avoidance in drivers aged ≥ 50 years. METHODS. Two groups of patients, one with glaucoma and one without, were identified in three university- affiliated eye care practices. Demographic, clinical, and driving characteristics were obtained by chart abstractions and a patient survey. Information regarding MVC involvement was obtained from police records. RESULTS. Patients with glaucoma were less likely (relative risk [RRAbstract, 0.67; 95% confidence interval [CIAbstract, 0.47- 0.97) to be involved in collisions than patients without glaucoma. There was no difference between the at- fault crash rates of the patients with glaucoma and those without (RR, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.67- 2.22). Patients with glaucoma had significantly higher levels of avoidance for driving at night (odds ratio [ORAbstract, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.11- 3.82), driving in fog (OR, 3.80; 95% CI, 1.93- 7.48), driving in the rain (OR, 2.99; 95% CI, 1.32- 6.76), driving during rush hour (OR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.16- 4.34), driving on the highway (OR, 2.81; 95% CI, 1.19- 6.64), and high density driving (OR, 2.88; 95% CI, 1.28- 6.46). These associations were adjusted for demographic and medical characteristics as well as visual acuity. CONCLUSIONS. Older persons with glaucoma drive at least as safely as, if not more safely than, older persons without glaucoma.展开更多
1. Overview The Deep Carbon Observatory (DCO) is a ten-year research program to investigate the quantities, movements, forms, and origins of carbon in Earth. More than 90% of Earth’s carbon may reside in the planet’...1. Overview The Deep Carbon Observatory (DCO) is a ten-year research program to investigate the quantities, movements, forms, and origins of carbon in Earth. More than 90% of Earth’s carbon may reside in the planet’s deep interior, and DCO’s overarching mission is to understand Earth’s entire carbon cycle—beyond the atmosphere, oceans, and shallow crustal environments, which have drawn most previous research attention—to include the deep carbon cycle [1,2]. A decade of focused research has led to major discoveries by DCO scientists on the physical, chemical, and biological roles of carbon in Earth.展开更多
The objective of this study was to considere as an explorer for in vivo studies on the production of some secondary metabolites from local medical plants named Viola odorata. Viola odorata commonly known as “garden v...The objective of this study was to considere as an explorer for in vivo studies on the production of some secondary metabolites from local medical plants named Viola odorata. Viola odorata commonly known as “garden violet or sweet violet” belongs to family Violaceae, is a slow growing perennial, with stout rootstock, grows in hedgerows, rough land and margins of woodland. 200 mg/kg of methanol extract for V. odorata was interacted with methotrexate as a drug in albino mice to see the healing capacity for this extract. Different organs were used such as intestine, kidney, spleen, and testes for this experiment. Each organ response was recorded in this experiment. Histopathological section in the intestine of animal treated with MTX and plant showed hypertrophy and hyperplasia of goblet cells and increased cellularity of lamna properia while Histopathological section in the testes of animal treated with MTX and plant showed no sperm in the seminiferous tubules of epididymis with the round multi-nuclei cell in the lumen accompanied by homogeneous material and cellular debris while Histopathological section in the spleen of animal treated with MTX and plant proliferation of lymphocytes in the periarteriolar sheath and proliferation of mononuclear cells around sinus in red pulp and Histopathological section in the kidney of animal treated with MTX and plant mononuclear cells aggregation in the interstitial tissue mainly around blood vessels and in the adipose tissue and renal tubules. Other sections showed hydropic degeneration of renal tubules.展开更多
Background:Historically the babblers have been assigned to the family Timaliidae but several recent studies have attempted to rest the taxonomy of this diverse passerine assemblage on a more firm evolutionary footing....Background:Historically the babblers have been assigned to the family Timaliidae but several recent studies have attempted to rest the taxonomy of this diverse passerine assemblage on a more firm evolutionary footing.The result has been a major rearrangement of the group.A well?supported and comprehensive phylogeny for this widespread avian group is an important part of testing evolutionary and biogeographic hypotheses,especially in Asia where the babblers are a key component of many forest ecosystems.However,the genus Liocichla is poorly represented in these prior studies of babbler systematics.Methods:We used a multilocus molecular genetic approach to generate a phylogenetic hypothesis for all five cur?rently recognized species in the avian genus Liocichla.Multilocus DNA sequence data was used to construct individ?ual gene trees using maximum likelihood and species trees were estimated from gene trees using Bayesian analyses.Divergence dates were obtained using a molecular clock approach.Results:Molecular data estimate a probable window of time for the origin for the Liocichla from the mid to late Miocene,between 5.55 and 12.87 Ma.Despite plumage similarities between the insular Taiwan endemic,L.steerii,and the continental L.bugunorum and L.omeiensis,molecular data suggest that L.steerii is the sister taxon to all continen?tal Liocichla.The continental Liocichla are comprised of two lineages;a lineage containing L.omeiensis and L.bugunorum and a lineage comprised of L.phoenicea and L.ripponi.The comparatively early divergence of L.steerii within the Liocichla may be illusory due to extinct and therefore unsampled lineages.L.ripponi and L.phoenicea are parapatric with a Pleistocene split(0.07–1.88 Ma) occurring between an Eastern Himalayan L.phoenicea and a Northern Indo?china distributed L.ripponi.L.bugunorum and L.omeiensis underwent a similar split between the Eastern Himalaya(L.bugunorum) and Central China(L.omeiensis) divided by the Hengduan Mountains.Conclusions:This study supports an origin of the Lioci展开更多
文摘Background: Few studies have focused on the geographic and chronologic assessment of inclusivity and wellness in Obstetrics and Gynecology residency websites across the US. Objective: To identify variations in wellness and inclusivity website depictions across CREOG districts over the past two years. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of the websites of ACGME-accredited OB/GYN residency programs across the United States between April 2022 and April 2023. The assessment was based on a compilation of 22 attributes devised and piloted by 49 medical students. A racially, geographically, and gender-diverse cohort of 11 students performed data collection. Results: A total of 560 websites were analyzed over two years. Wellness efforts remained unchanged in both years (website content, dedicated support personnel, and group activities). In 2023, a reduction in referencing of wellness (22%) and inclusivity (30%) occurred in leadership messaging. However, a 7% increase in the use of inclusive pronouns was noted. A reduction in gender diversity was identified (9% in faculty, 5% in residents), with programs favoring female-only teams. Similarly, a 7% reduction in the number of underrepresented in medicine faculty and residents was noted. A 15% reduction was noted in curricula referencing inclusivity in their mission statement and inclusivity focused research. Conclusions: This study suggests the variations across websites relative to inclusivity and wellness over the past two years. Updated websites may provide an accurate reflection of the offerings of programs and their investment in wellness and inclusivity across the nation.
文摘Central tolerance in the thymus is the primary mechanism for deleting autoreactive T cells. Despite this, escape of self-reactive T lymphocytes into the periphery reveals the threat of autoimmunity. To compensate for its imperfection, the thymus also produces a naturally occurring subset of Foxp3＋ CD4＋CD25＋ regulatory T cells with suppressive function, capable of controlling autoreactive cells. Foxp3 （forkhead box P3）, the lineage-specific marker for this subset of cells, is crucial to their thymic development and peripheral function, and yet the transcriptional program driven by Foxp3 was until now largely undefined. Emerging evidence has provided insight into its role： from the ability of Foxp3 to cooperate with other transcription factors such as NFAT, to the genome-wide characterization of target genes directly bound and regulated by Foxp3. Here we discuss the discovery of naturally occurring regulatory T cells-their phenotype, development, maintenance, and function-largely as they are defined by the lineage-specific marker, Foxp3.
文摘Personalized medicine is the development of “tailored” therapies that reflect traditional medical approaches with the incorporation of the patient’s unique genetic profile and the environmental basis of the disease. These individualized strategies encompass disease prevention and diagnosis, as well as treatment strategies. Today’s healthcare workforce is faced with the availability of massive amounts of patient- and disease-related data. When mined effectively, these data will help produce more efficient and effective diagnoses and treatment, leading to better prognoses for patients at both the individual and population level. Designing preventive and therapeutic interventions for those patients who will benefit most while minimizing side effects and controlling healthcare costs requires bringing diverse data sources together in an analytic paradigm. A resource to clinicians in the development and application of personalized medicine is largely facilitated, perhaps even driven, by the analysis of “big data”. For example, the availability of clinical data warehouses is a significant resource for clinicians in practicing personalized medicine. These “big data” repositories can be queried by clinicians, using specific questions, with data used to gain an understanding of challenges in patient care and treatment. Health informaticians are critical partners to data analytics including the use of technological infrastructures and predictive data mining strategies to access data from multiple sources, assisting clinicians’ interpretation of data and development of personalized, targeted therapy recommendations. In this paper, we look at the concept of personalized medicine, offering perspectives in four important, influencing topics: 1) the availability of “big data” and the role of biomedical informatics in personalized medicine, 2) the need for interdisciplinary teams in the development and evaluation of personalized therapeutic approaches, and 3) the impact of electronic medical record systems
文摘Background： Integration of behavioral observations with traditional selection schemes may lead to enhanced animal well-being and more profitable forage-based cattle production systems.Brahman-influenced（BR;n = 64） and Gelbvieh × Angus（GA;n = 64） heifers consumed either toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue（E＋） or one of two nontoxic endophyte-infected tall fescue（NT） cultivars during two yr.Heifers were weighed at midpoint and termination of grazing.Grazing behavior（grazing,resting in the shade,lying,or standing without grazing） was recorded（n = 13 visual observations per yr in June and July） for each pasture.During yr 2,exit velocity（EV） and serum prolactin（PRL） were determined.Results： Grazing behavior was influenced（P 0.05） by an interaction between fescue cultivar and breed type.Gelbvieh × Angus heifers assigned to E＋ pastures had the lowest percentage of animals grazing and the largest percentage of animals resting in the shade.Brahman-influenced heifers had faster EV（P 0.001） than GA heifers（0.52 vs.0.74 ± 0.04 s/m,respectively）.Body weight（BW） was affected（P 0.01） by an interaction of tall fescue cultivar and d,and an interaction of tall fescue cultivar and breed type.Heifers grazing NT pastures were heavier（P 0.01） than heifers grazing E＋ pastures at midpoint and termination.Gelbvieh × Angus heifers grazing NT pastures were heavier（P 0.01） than GA and BR heifers grazing E＋ and BR heifers grazing NT pastures.An interaction of forage cultivar and breed type occurred on serum PRL（P 0.01）.Conclusion： Collectively fescue cultivar,EV,and concentrations of serum PRL were associated with grazing behavior.Heifers grazing NT pastures were observed to be grazing more than heifers assigned to E＋ pastures,regardless of breed type,which may have contributed to changes in BW and average daily gain（ADG） in heifers.Integration of behavioral observations along with traditional selection schemes may lead to enhanced animal well-being and
文摘Traditionally medicinal plants are used for its potential chemotherapeutic action and for safety upon the continued use of these plants.Achillea millefolium(AM)is an ancient herb which is used to treat wounds,headaches,disorder in gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary,pain,and inflammation.This study was aimed to investigate the biochemical parameter of antimutagenic methanolic extract for AM in vivo.Plant extract together with MTX decreased the damage caused by the drug on the concentrations of total cholesterol and triglycerides(160.3±2.26 and 108.7±2.71),significant increase in total protein concentration(8.51±0.17,9.46±0.19 and 10.8±2.71 g\dL)for 100 and 200 mg\kg was observed.Also plant extracts counteract the damage caused by drug through the reduction for both creatinin and albumin concentrations to 1.57±0.03 mg\dL and 4.56±0.09 g\dL,respectively.On enzymatic level,the results of interactions indicated the ability of plant to modulating harmful effects of the drug(57.1±1.3,130±3.1 and 111.1±2.1 U\L)for GOT,GPT and ALP,respectively.On the other hand,the plant possesses the ability to enhance the concentrations of all immunoglobulin(IgM,IgA and IgG)in the two doses tested.Therefore,the results of this study indicate the antimutagenic potential of AM extract and encouraging its consumption with MTX as one of the promising therapies.
文摘Background: Methotrexate is a well-known standard therapy for psoriasis. The standard regimen is using six (2.5 mg) tablets/week that might be with many side effects. Objective: Finding a new regimen for oral methotrexate aiming to decrease side effects and increase its effectiveness. Patients and Methods: This therapeutic, comparative study done at the Center of Dermatology, Medical city, from October 2017 to October 2018. Fifty-three patients with moderate to severe psoriasis completed the study. They were divided into: Group (A) (27) patients were treated with the new oral regimen and Group (B) (26) patients were treated with the six tablets/week. Investigations including CBC, LFT and RFT were done. PASI score, BSA and side effects especially gastrointestinal ones were recorded. Results: They were 29 males and 24 females. Age ranged from 18 - 67 years. Disease duration ranged from 1 - 30 years. BSA involved ranged from 20% - 79%. The PASI score ranged from 10.2 - 45.7. After 8 weeks of treatment, there was statistically significant difference (p-value > 0.001) regarding PASI score and gastrointestinal side effects being less in Group (A). Group A patients were more satisfied. Conclusion: The new regimen used in the present study has lower gastrointestinal side effects and more efficacy.
文摘Adsorption of heavy metal ions on chitosan-based adsorbents has been extensively investigated.However,few studies explored the feasibility of desorbing and regenerating chitosan.Adsorbents used after adsorption of heavy metals are discarded,and this practice exacerbates the solid treatment problem.Regeneration and reuse of exhausted adsorbents should be considered to operate environment-friendly and cost-effective adsorption.This review was performed to summarize the desorption of heavy metal ions and possible regeneration of chitosan-based adsorbents using various desorption agents such as acids,alkalis,salts,and chelating agents.It was found that the highest desorption efficiencies were obtained by acidic eluents.The percentage use of desorption agents for desorbing followed the order of acids(49.3%)>chelators(26.9%)>alkalis(14.9%)>salts(8.9%).Moreover,the proper desorption time was estimated to be 0.84 by 1.37 h.The beneficial information is provided for the regeneration and recovery of chitosan adsorbents.
文摘The aim of the present study have been reported to review the estrogen level in the patients with the breast cancer and healthy individuals.Breast cancer is one of the most common diseases in women worldwide that is characterized by uncontrolled growth of malignant cells in the mammary epithelial tissue.The estrogen was found at normal level in most patients with ER-positive breast cancer and in healthy individuals,while its high level was higher among patients with ER-negative breast cancer.Many studies show evidences about the role of estrogen at a high level on the development of breast cancer.The association between the estrogen levels and the presence of Candida spp.in vagina of patients with breast cancer was reviewed.
文摘PURPOSE. To evaluate the association between the diagnosis of glaucoma and motor vehicle collision (MVC) involvement and driving avoidance in drivers aged ≥ 50 years. METHODS. Two groups of patients, one with glaucoma and one without, were identified in three university- affiliated eye care practices. Demographic, clinical, and driving characteristics were obtained by chart abstractions and a patient survey. Information regarding MVC involvement was obtained from police records. RESULTS. Patients with glaucoma were less likely (relative risk [RRAbstract, 0.67; 95% confidence interval [CIAbstract, 0.47- 0.97) to be involved in collisions than patients without glaucoma. There was no difference between the at- fault crash rates of the patients with glaucoma and those without (RR, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.67- 2.22). Patients with glaucoma had significantly higher levels of avoidance for driving at night (odds ratio [ORAbstract, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.11- 3.82), driving in fog (OR, 3.80; 95% CI, 1.93- 7.48), driving in the rain (OR, 2.99; 95% CI, 1.32- 6.76), driving during rush hour (OR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.16- 4.34), driving on the highway (OR, 2.81; 95% CI, 1.19- 6.64), and high density driving (OR, 2.88; 95% CI, 1.28- 6.46). These associations were adjusted for demographic and medical characteristics as well as visual acuity. CONCLUSIONS. Older persons with glaucoma drive at least as safely as, if not more safely than, older persons without glaucoma.
文摘1. Overview The Deep Carbon Observatory (DCO) is a ten-year research program to investigate the quantities, movements, forms, and origins of carbon in Earth. More than 90% of Earth’s carbon may reside in the planet’s deep interior, and DCO’s overarching mission is to understand Earth’s entire carbon cycle—beyond the atmosphere, oceans, and shallow crustal environments, which have drawn most previous research attention—to include the deep carbon cycle [1,2]. A decade of focused research has led to major discoveries by DCO scientists on the physical, chemical, and biological roles of carbon in Earth.
文摘The objective of this study was to considere as an explorer for in vivo studies on the production of some secondary metabolites from local medical plants named Viola odorata. Viola odorata commonly known as “garden violet or sweet violet” belongs to family Violaceae, is a slow growing perennial, with stout rootstock, grows in hedgerows, rough land and margins of woodland. 200 mg/kg of methanol extract for V. odorata was interacted with methotrexate as a drug in albino mice to see the healing capacity for this extract. Different organs were used such as intestine, kidney, spleen, and testes for this experiment. Each organ response was recorded in this experiment. Histopathological section in the intestine of animal treated with MTX and plant showed hypertrophy and hyperplasia of goblet cells and increased cellularity of lamna properia while Histopathological section in the testes of animal treated with MTX and plant showed no sperm in the seminiferous tubules of epididymis with the round multi-nuclei cell in the lumen accompanied by homogeneous material and cellular debris while Histopathological section in the spleen of animal treated with MTX and plant proliferation of lymphocytes in the periarteriolar sheath and proliferation of mononuclear cells around sinus in red pulp and Histopathological section in the kidney of animal treated with MTX and plant mononuclear cells aggregation in the interstitial tissue mainly around blood vessels and in the adipose tissue and renal tubules. Other sections showed hydropic degeneration of renal tubules.
基金Support was provided by a National Science Foundation(NSF)Major Research Instrumentation award(DBI-0821703)to HLMRoger Fry and Len Weakley through the Helen B.Vogel Charitable Trust and the Mary Jane Helms Charitable Trust to HLM and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft to DTT(Ti 679/1-1)
文摘Background:Historically the babblers have been assigned to the family Timaliidae but several recent studies have attempted to rest the taxonomy of this diverse passerine assemblage on a more firm evolutionary footing.The result has been a major rearrangement of the group.A well?supported and comprehensive phylogeny for this widespread avian group is an important part of testing evolutionary and biogeographic hypotheses,especially in Asia where the babblers are a key component of many forest ecosystems.However,the genus Liocichla is poorly represented in these prior studies of babbler systematics.Methods:We used a multilocus molecular genetic approach to generate a phylogenetic hypothesis for all five cur?rently recognized species in the avian genus Liocichla.Multilocus DNA sequence data was used to construct individ?ual gene trees using maximum likelihood and species trees were estimated from gene trees using Bayesian analyses.Divergence dates were obtained using a molecular clock approach.Results:Molecular data estimate a probable window of time for the origin for the Liocichla from the mid to late Miocene,between 5.55 and 12.87 Ma.Despite plumage similarities between the insular Taiwan endemic,L.steerii,and the continental L.bugunorum and L.omeiensis,molecular data suggest that L.steerii is the sister taxon to all continen?tal Liocichla.The continental Liocichla are comprised of two lineages;a lineage containing L.omeiensis and L.bugunorum and a lineage comprised of L.phoenicea and L.ripponi.The comparatively early divergence of L.steerii within the Liocichla may be illusory due to extinct and therefore unsampled lineages.L.ripponi and L.phoenicea are parapatric with a Pleistocene split(0.07–1.88 Ma) occurring between an Eastern Himalayan L.phoenicea and a Northern Indo?china distributed L.ripponi.L.bugunorum and L.omeiensis underwent a similar split between the Eastern Himalaya(L.bugunorum) and Central China(L.omeiensis) divided by the Hengduan Mountains.Conclusions:This study supports an origin of the Lioci
