Thermal spraying has emerged as a suitable and effective surface engineering technology and is widely used to apply wear, erosion and corrosion protective coatings for various kinds of industrial applications. Cr3C2-b...Thermal spraying has emerged as a suitable and effective surface engineering technology and is widely used to apply wear, erosion and corrosion protective coatings for various kinds of industrial applications. Cr3C2-based coatings have been applied to a wide range of industrial components. Cr3C2-NiCr coatings offer greater corrosion and oxidation resistance, also having a high melting point and maintaining high hardness, strength and wear resistance up to a maximum operating temperature of 900 °C. The corrosion resistance is provided by NiCr matrix while the wear resistance is mainly due to the carbide ceramic phase. This paper reviews the performance, developments and applications of Cr3C2-NiCr thermal spray coatings for corrosion/erosion-corrosion under different types of environments and outlines the characterization of Cr3C2-NiCr coatings with respect to their microstructure and mechanical properties, together with some brief characterisation work by the author for HVOF sprayed 75Cr3C2-25NiCr coating on T91 boiler steel.展开更多
The collective flow for <sup>64</sup>Zn+<sup>27</sup>Al system is measured at intermediate energyby using a 4π multidetector array in conjunction with an array of Si telescopes.Theevents have ...The collective flow for <sup>64</sup>Zn+<sup>27</sup>Al system is measured at intermediate energyby using a 4π multidetector array in conjunction with an array of Si telescopes.Theevents have been sorted versus the impact parameter by means of global variables.Three methods of reaction plane determination are compared:sphericity tensor method,transverse momentum analysis,and azimuthal correlation method.For this system,thetransverse momentum analysis method is the best one.展开更多
In this work, TiAlN and AlCrN coatings were deposited on ASTM-SA213-T-22 boiler steel using Balzer’s rapid coating system (RCS) machine (make Oerlikon Balzers, Swiss) under a reactive nitrogen atmosphere. Cyclic oxid...In this work, TiAlN and AlCrN coatings were deposited on ASTM-SA213-T-22 boiler steel using Balzer’s rapid coating system (RCS) machine (make Oerlikon Balzers, Swiss) under a reactive nitrogen atmosphere. Cyclic oxidation studies in molten salt environment were conducted at 900°C temperature in the laboratory using silicon carbide furnace. The weight gain was measured after each cycle and visually examined the surface morphology of the oxidized samples was studied using FE-SEM with EDAX attachment and XRD analysis. The results obtained showed the better performance of TiAlN coated T-22 boiler steels than the AlCrN coated and uncoated T-22 boiler steel.展开更多
Hot corrosion and erosion are recognized as serious problems in coal based power generation plants in India. The coal used in Indian power stations has large amounts of ash (about 50%) which contain abrasive mineral s...Hot corrosion and erosion are recognized as serious problems in coal based power generation plants in India. The coal used in Indian power stations has large amounts of ash (about 50%) which contain abrasive mineral species such as hard quartz (up to 15%) which increase the erosion propensity of coal. Hot corrosion and erosion in boilers and related components are responsible for huge losses, both direct and indirect, in power generation. An understanding of these problems and thus to develop suitable protective system is essential for maximizing the utilization of such components. These problems can be prevented by either changing the material or altering the environment or by separating the component surface from the environment. Corrosion prevention by the use of coatings for separating material from the environment is gaining importance in surface engineering.展开更多
Anaerobic germination and emergence from deeper soil depth are two important traits for breeding rice suitable for direct seeded conditions.In order to evaluate genetic variation for these traits,a total of 300 Oryza ...Anaerobic germination and emergence from deeper soil depth are two important traits for breeding rice suitable for direct seeded conditions.In order to evaluate genetic variation for these traits,a total of 300 Oryza nivara accessions were evaluated along with checks,of which,159 accessions germinated under anaerobic conditions indicating presence of immense variability in O.nivara.Of 159 accessions,69 germinated in submerged conditions and 90 germinated after removing water with availability of aerobic conditions,indicating two different mechanisms operating in O.nivara.Similarly,out of 300 O.nivara accessions,218 germinated from 6 cm and 95 germinated from 8 cm soil depth.The accessions that germinated from deeper soil depth had longer mesocotyl and coleoptile lengths.展开更多
文摘Thermal spraying has emerged as a suitable and effective surface engineering technology and is widely used to apply wear, erosion and corrosion protective coatings for various kinds of industrial applications. Cr3C2-based coatings have been applied to a wide range of industrial components. Cr3C2-NiCr coatings offer greater corrosion and oxidation resistance, also having a high melting point and maintaining high hardness, strength and wear resistance up to a maximum operating temperature of 900 °C. The corrosion resistance is provided by NiCr matrix while the wear resistance is mainly due to the carbide ceramic phase. This paper reviews the performance, developments and applications of Cr3C2-NiCr thermal spray coatings for corrosion/erosion-corrosion under different types of environments and outlines the characterization of Cr3C2-NiCr coatings with respect to their microstructure and mechanical properties, together with some brief characterisation work by the author for HVOF sprayed 75Cr3C2-25NiCr coating on T91 boiler steel.
文摘The collective flow for <sup>64</sup>Zn+<sup>27</sup>Al system is measured at intermediate energyby using a 4π multidetector array in conjunction with an array of Si telescopes.Theevents have been sorted versus the impact parameter by means of global variables.Three methods of reaction plane determination are compared:sphericity tensor method,transverse momentum analysis,and azimuthal correlation method.For this system,thetransverse momentum analysis method is the best one.
文摘In this work, TiAlN and AlCrN coatings were deposited on ASTM-SA213-T-22 boiler steel using Balzer’s rapid coating system (RCS) machine (make Oerlikon Balzers, Swiss) under a reactive nitrogen atmosphere. Cyclic oxidation studies in molten salt environment were conducted at 900°C temperature in the laboratory using silicon carbide furnace. The weight gain was measured after each cycle and visually examined the surface morphology of the oxidized samples was studied using FE-SEM with EDAX attachment and XRD analysis. The results obtained showed the better performance of TiAlN coated T-22 boiler steels than the AlCrN coated and uncoated T-22 boiler steel.
文摘Hot corrosion and erosion are recognized as serious problems in coal based power generation plants in India. The coal used in Indian power stations has large amounts of ash (about 50%) which contain abrasive mineral species such as hard quartz (up to 15%) which increase the erosion propensity of coal. Hot corrosion and erosion in boilers and related components are responsible for huge losses, both direct and indirect, in power generation. An understanding of these problems and thus to develop suitable protective system is essential for maximizing the utilization of such components. These problems can be prevented by either changing the material or altering the environment or by separating the component surface from the environment. Corrosion prevention by the use of coatings for separating material from the environment is gaining importance in surface engineering.
基金the Department of Science and Technology,India(Grant No.EMR/2017/003069).
文摘Anaerobic germination and emergence from deeper soil depth are two important traits for breeding rice suitable for direct seeded conditions.In order to evaluate genetic variation for these traits,a total of 300 Oryza nivara accessions were evaluated along with checks,of which,159 accessions germinated under anaerobic conditions indicating presence of immense variability in O.nivara.Of 159 accessions,69 germinated in submerged conditions and 90 germinated after removing water with availability of aerobic conditions,indicating two different mechanisms operating in O.nivara.Similarly,out of 300 O.nivara accessions,218 germinated from 6 cm and 95 germinated from 8 cm soil depth.The accessions that germinated from deeper soil depth had longer mesocotyl and coleoptile lengths.
