Medical diagnostic tests to detect Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) for individuals in the United States were initially limited to people who were traveling or symptomatic to track disease ...Medical diagnostic tests to detect Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) for individuals in the United States were initially limited to people who were traveling or symptomatic to track disease incidence due to the cost of providing testing for all people in a community on a routine basis. As an alternative to randomly sampling large groups of people to track disease incidence at significant cost, wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is a well-established and cost-effective technique to passively measure the prevalence of disease in communities without requiring invasive testing. WBE can also be used as a forecasting tool since the virus is shed in individuals prior to developing symptoms that might otherwise prompt testing. This study applied the WBE approach to understand its effectiveness as a possible forecasting tool by monitoring the SARS-CoV-2 levels in raw wastewater sampled from sewer lift stations at a large public university campus setting including dormitories, academic buildings, and athletic facilities. The WBE analysis was conducted by sampling from building-specific lift stations and enumerating target viral copies using RT-qPCR analysis. The WBE results were compared with the 7-day rolling averages of confirmed infected individuals for the following week after the wastewater sample analysis. In most cases, changes in the WBE outcomes were followed by similar trends in the clinical data. The positive predictive value of the applied WBE approach was 86% for the following week of the sample collection. In contrast, positive correlations between the two data with Spearmen correlation (rs) ranged from 0.16 to 0.36. A stronger correlation (rs = 0.18 to 0.51) was observed when WBE results were compared with COVID-19 cases identified on the next day of the sampling events. The P value of 0.007 for Dorm A suggests high significance, while moderate significance was observed for the other dormitories (B, C, and D). The outcomes of this investigation demonstrate that WBE can be a valuab展开更多
Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is not a common congenital vascular abnormality. A trio of capillary malformation, venous varicosities, and bony or soft-tissue hypertrophy define this syndrome. Significant morbiditie...Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is not a common congenital vascular abnormality. A trio of capillary malformation, venous varicosities, and bony or soft-tissue hypertrophy define this syndrome. Significant morbidities associated with this illness include bleeding, deep vein thrombosis, and embolic consequences. Angiokeratoma circumscriptum naeviforme (ACN) is indeed a congenital variant of angiokeratoma that appears as a hyperkeratotic plaque on the lower extremity. Bilateral congenital anorchia (BCA) is the total lack of testicular tissue in a male with a normal phenotype and karyotype. KTS has been linked to ACN. Here we presented an 8-year-old male child who came with a swollen left thigh and the right side of his face with overlying blackish nodules on his left thigh and scrotum. The patient was diagnosed as KTS with angiokeratoma circumscriptum naeviforme and bilateral congenital anorchia based on his history, imaging studies and the typical clinical features of the disease.展开更多
Gesture detection is the primary and most significant step for sign language detection and sign language is the communication medium for people with speaking and hearing disabilities. This paper presents a novel metho...Gesture detection is the primary and most significant step for sign language detection and sign language is the communication medium for people with speaking and hearing disabilities. This paper presents a novel method for dynamic hand gesture detection using Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) where we detect different English alphabet letters by tracing hand movements. The process involves skin color-based segmentation for hand isolation in video frames, followed by morphological operations to enhance image trajectories. Our system employs hand tracking and trajectory smoothing techniques, such as the Kalman filter, to monitor hand movements and refine gesture paths. Quantized sequences are then analyzed using the Baum-Welch Re-estimation Algorithm, an HMM-based approach. A maximum likelihood classifier is used to identify the most probable letter from the test sequences. Our method demonstrates significant improvements over traditional recognition techniques in real-time, automatic hand gesture recognition, particularly in its ability to distinguish complex gestures. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of our approach in enhancing gesture-based sign language detection to alleviate the barrier between the deaf and hard-of-hearing community and general people.展开更多
In this study, three wheat varieties were tested to determine seed germination and the incidence of Magnaporthe oryzae triticum (MoT). Among these varieties, BARI Gom 24 (Prodip) wheat seed exhibited the highest seed ...In this study, three wheat varieties were tested to determine seed germination and the incidence of Magnaporthe oryzae triticum (MoT). Among these varieties, BARI Gom 24 (Prodip) wheat seed exhibited the highest seed germination rate (93%) but also had the highest incidence (30%) of MoT. To manage blast disease in an ecofriendly manner, seven treatments were employed: T<sub>1</sub> = Control, T<sub>2</sub> = Garlic clove extracts, T<sub>3</sub> = Aloe vera leaf extracts, T<sub>4</sub> = Black cumin seed extracts, T<sub>5</sub> = Neem leaf extracts, T<sub>6</sub> = Nativo 75 WG, and T<sub>7</sub> = Provax 200 WP. The experiment was conducted using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) layout with three replications using Prodip wheat variety that exhibited highest MoT infection severity based on laboratory analysis among collected varieties. Data were collected on blast disease incidence (%), disease severity, and various growth and yield parameters of wheat. The experiment’s results indicated that among all the treatments, T<sub>7</sub> (Seed treatment with Provax 200 WP) and T<sub>5</sub> (Foliar spraying with Neem leaf extract) performed better in controlling blast disease in wheat. The lowest blast disease incidence (%) was observed with T<sub>7</sub> (Provax 200 WP), with values of 7.86, 9.86, and 10.19 recorded during the milking stage, soft dough stage, and hard dough stage of wheat, respectively. T<sub>5</sub> (Neem leaf extract) also demonstrated a statistically equivalent reduction in blast disease incidence (%). In terms of disease severity, T<sub>7</sub> (Seed treatment with Provax 200 WP) showed the lowest values of 1.03, 1.23, and 1.63 during the milking stage, soft dough stage, and hard dough stage of wheat, respectively. Foliar spraying with neem leaf extract also exhibited similar result as of Provax 200 WP regarding panicle blast severity. As a result of these findings, it can be concluded that T<sub>5</sub> (Neem leaf extract) is recommended as an ecofriendly management approach for blast 展开更多
Background and Aims:Skeletal manifestation in liver dis-eases represents the minimally scrutinized part of the disease spectrum.Vitamin D deficiency has a central role in developing hepatic osteodystrophy in patients ...Background and Aims:Skeletal manifestation in liver dis-eases represents the minimally scrutinized part of the disease spectrum.Vitamin D deficiency has a central role in developing hepatic osteodystrophy in patients with chronic liver disease.This study aimed to investigate vitamin D levels and their relationship with disease advancement in these patients.Methods:Vitamin D levels were checked in 125 chronic liver disease patients.The patients were classified in three stages according to Child-Pugh score:A,B and C.The relationship of vitamin D levels with Child-Pugh score and other variables in the study was assessed by the contingency coefficient.Correlation and logistic regression analyses were also carried out to find additional predictors of low vitamin D levels.Results:Among the patients,88%had either insufficient or deficient stores of vitamin D,while only 12%had sufficient vitamin D levels(p>0.05).Vitamin D levels were notably related to Child-Pugh class(contingency coefficient=0.5,p<0.05).On univariate and multinomial regression analyses,age,female sex,MELD and Child-Pugh class were predictors of low vitamin D levels.Age,model of end-stage liver disease score and Child-Pugh score were negatively correlated to vitamin D levels(p<0.05).Conclusions:Vitamin D deficiency is notably re-lated to age,female sex and model of end-stage liver disease score,in addition to Child-Pugh class of liver cirrhosis.Vita-min D levels should be routinely checked in patients with ad-vanced liver cirrhosis(Child-Pugh class B and C)and this deficiency must be addressed in a timely manner to improve general well-being of cirrhotic patients.展开更多
The dynamics of jacket supported offshore wind turbine （OWT） in earthquake environment is one of the progressing focuses in the renewable energy field. Soil-structure interaction （SSI） is a fundamental principle t...The dynamics of jacket supported offshore wind turbine （OWT） in earthquake environment is one of the progressing focuses in the renewable energy field. Soil-structure interaction （SSI） is a fundamental principle to analyze stability and safety of the structure. This study focuses on the performance of the multiple tuned mass damper （MTMD） in minimizing the dynamic responses of the structures objected to seismic loads combined with static wind and wave loads. Response surface methodology （RSM） has been applied to design the MTMD parameters. The analyses have been performed under two different boundary conditions： fixed base （without SSI） and flexible base （with SSI）. Two vibration modes of the structure have been suppressed by multi-mode vibration control principle in both cases. The effectiveness of the MTMD in reducing the dynamic response of the structure is presented. The dynamic SSI plays an important role in the seismic behavior of the jacket supported OWT, especially resting on the soft soil deposit. Finally, it shows that excluding the SSI effect could be the reason of overestimating the MTMD performance.展开更多
Background: Childhood Tuberculosis (TB) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity, which causes a significant TB burden in developing countries. Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe clinical profil...Background: Childhood Tuberculosis (TB) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity, which causes a significant TB burden in developing countries. Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe clinical profile and diagnostic procedures used in Outpatient Department (OPD) of a tertiary care hospital. Methods: It was a retrospective study conducted in OPD of Paediatrics Department, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbag, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Age range of studied populations, 3 months to 18 years who presented with clinical features of TB and were later diagnosed with tuberculosis according to national guidelines for the management of tuberculosis in children, 2021 were enrolled in this study. A total of 108 diagnosed cases of Tuberculosis between August 2021 and July 2022 were enrolled in this study. Data were collected from OPD records and transferred into MS excel sheet for data processing & analysis. Results: Among 834 suspected patients, 108 patients aged 3 months to 18 years were diagnosed with tuberculosis. The highest number of cases 47 (43.51%) were found in 11 - 18 years age group. Gender distribution of the patient showed 58 (53.70%) were male and 50 (46.29%) were female. Among 108 TB cases, 44 (40.74%) were pulmonary TB and 64 (59.25%) were extrapulmonary TB. Among 64 extrapulmonary TB cases 38 (59.37%) cases were diagnosed as TB lymphadenitis. Fever 83 (76.85%), weight loss 62 (57.4%), cough 50 (46.29%), lump in neck and axilla 38 (35.18%) were found in most of the cases. A positive Mantoux test was found in 68 (62.96%) patients. Chest X-ray findings showed patchy opacity and consolidation in 46 (42.59%) cases. Suggestive FNAC from lymph node was observed among 35 (32.4%) cases. For bacteriological confirmation sputum gene Xpert and stool Xpert ultra were positive among 10 (9.25%) and 23 (21.29%) cases. Conclusion: In this study, Extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) cases were more than Pulmonary TB (PTB) in children. Diagnosis of tuberculosis was based on<span sty.展开更多
Background: Diabetic retinopathy is among the most common diabetic complications, and is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world. Recent studies have linked vitamin D to the pathogenesis of diabetes and th...Background: Diabetic retinopathy is among the most common diabetic complications, and is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world. Recent studies have linked vitamin D to the pathogenesis of diabetes and there is growing evidence that vitamin D can interfere with the mechanisms involved in diabetes and its complications. Despite improvements in treatment, diabetic retinopathy remains a significant complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Identification of early treatable predictors of diabetic retinopathy such as vitamin D deficiency, may allow more aggressive management of those at high risk. Purpose: To assess the association of vitamin D deficiency with diabetic retinopathy in young people with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Design: Observational study with case control design. Method: 60 young people with type 1 diabetes aged between 11 to 24 years were included in this study. Among them, 30-young people have diabetic retinopathy and 30-young people do not have diabetic retinopathy. Purposive sampling technique was applied as per inclusion criteria. Statistical analysis of the results was done by using computer-based software, SPSS version 26. P value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Vitamin D deficiency was present in 83% of the young people with diabetic retinopathy and in 53% without diabetic retinopathy. The mean vitamin D level in young people with and without diabetic retinopathy was 17.38 ± 3.77 ng/ml and 20.15 ± 5.06 ng/ml respectively and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.019). Vitamin D deficiency was increased with the severity of diabetic retinopathy. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression showed vitamin D deficiency was independently associated with diabetic retinopathy with a crude odds ratio of 5.69 with a p value of 0.008 and adjusted odds ratio of 16.08 with a p value of 0.002 respectively. Conclusion: Result of the study revealed that vitamin D deficiency was strongly associated with diabetic retinopathy in young peop展开更多
Background: The burden of cataract and glaucoma has been increasing. Primary angle closure occurs as a result of crowded anterior segment anatomy causing appositional contact between peripheral iris and trabecular mes...Background: The burden of cataract and glaucoma has been increasing. Primary angle closure occurs as a result of crowded anterior segment anatomy causing appositional contact between peripheral iris and trabecular meshwork. Lens extraction has been proposed as a method of deepening anterior chamber and managing intraocular pressure. Purpose: To assess changes in anterior chamber depth after phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation in narrow angle eyes. Design: Prospective controlled trial (before-after) study. Method: The study was conducted from March 2015 to August 2017 among the patients of department of Ophthalmology of BSMMU who were diagnosed as cataract with narrow angles. Anterior chamber angle grading of 2 or less (Shaffer grading) in 3 or more quadrants was considered narrow angle (NA). The purposive type sampling technique was applied to collect sample from the study population, as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. Complete clinical evaluation including history, physical examination, relevant ocular examinations and systemic examinations were performed. In this prospective study, subjects underwent phacoemulsification with foldable lens implantation. A scan ultrasonography was performed preoperatively and 10<sup>th</sup> and 30<sup>th</sup> postoperative days of surgery. Results: Thirty eyes of 29 patients included in the study, male: female ratio was 1:1, with an overall mean age of 62.03 ± 8.95 years. The mean preoperative central ACD was 2.95 ± 0.35 mm. At 10<sup>th</sup> and 30<sup>th</sup> POD mean central ACD were 3.94 ± 0.32, and 3.92 ± 0.28 mm respectively. Mean of increase in central ACD at final follow-up was 0.96 mm (p Conclusion: Phacoemulsification with posterior chamber in bag lens implantation can deepen the anterior chamber depth in patients with narrow angles. Based on these findings, it is concluded that phacoemulsification with foldable intraocular lens implantation is an effective tool in deepening the anterior chamber.展开更多
In Bangladesh, the use of machinery in agriculture production is fast rising. Researchers are developing technology to replace traditional hand weeding to manage weeds in rice fields. The present study has been taken ...In Bangladesh, the use of machinery in agriculture production is fast rising. Researchers are developing technology to replace traditional hand weeding to manage weeds in rice fields. The present study has been taken to increase weeding efficiency and reduce the drudgery in weeding and mulching. A line-to-line distance of 20 cm, the operation is push-pull, and field operating condition at 2 - 4 cm standing water (for softening the field) was the designed hypothesis. The weeder consists of a skid/float, float holder, float adjuster, main body frame, rotor, axel, bush, rotor holder, rotor holder adjuster, handle, handle griper, handle holder, handle height adjuster, nut, bolt, etc. The designed weeder was fabricated using MS sheet, MS pipe, MS flat bar, MS nut-bolt, etc. When the rotors perform back and forth, the weeder’s two conical rotors with six plain blades and six serrated blades work together to uproot and bury the weeds. It also contains a 2 mm thick float assembly with a precise angle of 22 degrees. Weeds are uprooted by the weeder’s blades and buried in the muddy soil. It causes topsoil disturbance and enhances aeration. The weeding efficiency and capacity of the conical weeder were 81.92% and 0.0203 ha/h respectively. With a push-pull operation, the weeder can uproot and bury the weeds in a single row at a time. The pushing force and weight of weeder were 43.42 N and 5.6 kg respectively. Farmers can use this weeder to increase their comfort and reduce the drudgery associated with weeding and mulching in their fields.展开更多
Background: Vitamin D plays a pivotal role in supporting the immune system, helping to reduce the risk of infections and certain autoimmune diseases. Adequate vitamin D levels may be associated with a reduced risk of ...Background: Vitamin D plays a pivotal role in supporting the immune system, helping to reduce the risk of infections and certain autoimmune diseases. Adequate vitamin D levels may be associated with a reduced risk of certain health conditions like pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, and postpartum depression. Brittle bones, osteoporosis in the elderly, and osteomalacia in young children are all symptoms of vitamin D insufficiency. Additionally, it contributes to problems linked to gum disease, including an increase in dental cavities, alveolar bone loss around the teeth, and other problems. It could lead to depression, tiredness, and a loss of appetite. In this study, urban children and adolescents in Dhaka city, Bangladesh are examined for vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency, and sufficiency. Methods: The Study was a cross-sectional study conducted under Dhaka National Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka and additionally included two other health centers Medinova Medical Services and Monoara General Hospital Service Golap bag, Dhaka from October 2020 to November 2021. The study location was at the 3 (Three) different hospitals which was located in Dhaka City. In this cross-sectional study, Participants will be selected purposively and conveniently based on the age categories from 0 - 19 years of age at the outdoor department of the hospital. The study included the secondary dataset of ambulatory individuals who came to the 3 (three) hospitals, randomly to evaluate serum vitamin D levels on referral from a general out-patient-department (OPD). They were examined for laboratory findings of serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels to determine vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency, and sufficiency among children and adolescent groups of both male and female Sex. Results: A total of 6394 individuals with a diverse age group were statistically examined for laboratory findings of serum vitamin D levels. Vitamin D deficiency was observed in 40.58% of individuals with a mean log of 1.01 ± 0.18 ng/ml serum vitamin D levels, vita展开更多
Background: Standard precautions (SPs) are the minimum infection prevention practices that aim to protect Health care workers (HCWs) including physicians and prevent them from transmitting the infections to their pati...Background: Standard precautions (SPs) are the minimum infection prevention practices that aim to protect Health care workers (HCWs) including physicians and prevent them from transmitting the infections to their patients. Purpose: To assess the level of compliance of physicians with standard precautions of handling patients with infectious respiratory disease. Method: A cross sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted in two tertiary level hospitals named M Abdur Rahim Medical College and Hospital, Dinajpur, Bangladesh and Rajshahi Medical College and Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh to assess the level of compliance of physicians with standard precautions. Purposive sampling technique was applied as per inclusion criteria and data was collected by face to face interview from 285 physicians. Statistical analysis of the results was done by SPSS and a p value less than 0.05 was considered as significant. Result: The study revealed that maximum physicians (76.5%) handling patients with infectious respiratory disease had a moderate level of compliance with standard precautions. 78.6% of the physicians had moderate level of awareness about standard precautions. Only 20.35% of the physicians had training on infection control. 94.4% of the respondents didn’t know the component of standard precaution and most of the physicians were not aware of the sequence of wearing and removing the different components of PPEs. Conclusion: The study result implies that with increased awareness, the compliance of the physicians with standard precautions increased. The main reasons of non-compliance with standard precautions were found to be lack of resources, lack of regular training and excess workload.展开更多
Seed priming is a pre-germinated technique that can enhance seed germination percentage,faster and synchro-nized germination,better seedling growth,and yield under stress conditions.To ascertain the most effective see...Seed priming is a pre-germinated technique that can enhance seed germination percentage,faster and synchro-nized germination,better seedling growth,and yield under stress conditions.To ascertain the most effective seed priming method that would ensure the potential yield of wheat in Bangladesh,two experiments were carried out from December 2021 to March 2022 at the Department of Agronomy,Bangladesh Agricultural University.Two wheat varieties namely BARI Gom-28 and BWMRI Gom-1 were subjected to a range of priming chemicals in both lab and pot tests.These compounds included the following:control(no priming),hydropriming(distilled water),10000 ppm KNO_(3),15000 ppm KNO_(3),40000 ppm Mannitol,60000 ppm Mannitol,10000 ppm NaCl,20000 ppm NaCl,100 ppm PEG,150 ppm PEG,500 ppm NaOCl,1000 ppm NaOCl,10000 ppm CaCl_(2),20000 ppm CaCl_(2),10000 ppm KCl and 20000 ppm KCl.A complete randomized design(CRD)with three repli-cations was used to set up the experiments.The results showed that BARI Gom-28 and BWMRI Gom-1 responded best to KCl priming in terms of rapid seed germination and strong seedling development.On the other hand,the best priming agents for plant growth and productivity turned out to be CaCl_(2) and KCL.The results of this study support the possibility of using seed priming as a technique to improve wheat plant development and output by raising seed emergence and survival rates.展开更多
Water plays a vital role in biological metabolism and it would be essential to trace the water content non-invasively,such as leveraging the vibrational absorption peak of the O-H bond.However,due to the lack of an ef...Water plays a vital role in biological metabolism and it would be essential to trace the water content non-invasively,such as leveraging the vibrational absorption peak of the O-H bond.However,due to the lack of an efficient laser source,it was challenging to image the water content in the deep tissue with micron-level spatial resolution.To address this problem,we develop a high-power hybrid optical parametrically-oscillating emitter(HOPE)at 1930 nm,at which the vibrational absorption peak of the O-H bond locates.The maximum pulse energy is over 1.74μJ with a pulse repetition rate of 50 kHz and a pulse width of 15 ns.We employ this laser source in the optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy(OR-PAM)system to image the water content in the phantom and the biological tissue in vitro.Our 1930-nm OR-PAM could map the water content in the complex tissue environment at high spatial resolution,deep penetration depth,improved sensitivity,and suppressed artifact signal of the lipid.展开更多
This research appraises comparative analysis between single diode and double diode model of photovoltaic (PV) solar cells to enhance the conversion efficiency of power engendering PV solar systems. Single diode model ...This research appraises comparative analysis between single diode and double diode model of photovoltaic (PV) solar cells to enhance the conversion efficiency of power engendering PV solar systems. Single diode model is simple and easy to implement, whereas double diode model has better accuracy which acquiesces for more precise forecast of PV systems performance. Exploration is done on the basis of simulation results and MATLAB tool is used to serve this purpose. Simulations are performed by varying distinct model parameters such as solar irradiance, temperature, value of parasitic resistances, ideality factor of diode and number of series and parallel connected solar cells used to assemble PV array. Conspicuous demonstration is executed to analyze effects of these specifications on the efficiency curve and power vs. voltage output characteristics of PV cell for specified models.展开更多
Evaluation system of small arms firing has an important effect in the context of military domain. A partially automated evaluation system has been conducted and performed at the ground level. Automation of such system...Evaluation system of small arms firing has an important effect in the context of military domain. A partially automated evaluation system has been conducted and performed at the ground level. Automation of such system with the inclusion of artificial intelligence is a much required process. This papers puts focus on designing and developing an AI-based small arms firing evaluation systems in the context of military environment. Initially image processing techniques are used to calculate the target firing score. Additionally, firing errors during the shooting have also been detected using a machine learning algorithm. However, consistency in firing requires an abundance of practice and updated analysis of the previous results. Accuracy and precision are the basic requirements of a good shooter. To test the shooting skill of combatants, firing practices are held by the military personnel at frequent intervals that include 'grouping' and 'shoot to hit' scores. Shortage of skilled personnel and lack of personal interest leads to an inefficient evaluation of the firing standard of a firer. This paper introduces a system that will automatically be able to fetch the target data and evaluate the standard based on the fuzzy systems.Moreover it will be able to predict the shooter performance based on linear regression techniques.Thereby, it compares with recognized patterns to analyze the individual expertise and suggest improvements based on previous values. The paper is developed on a Small Arms Firing Skill Evaluation System, which makes the whole process of firing and target evaluation faster with better accuracy. The experiment has been conducted on real-time scenarios considering the military field and shows a promising result to evaluate the system automatically.展开更多
Background: Among the common morbid causes that are prevalent among all age groups, urinary tract infections top the list. In our country, most of the UTI patients visiting hospitals (OPD or IPD) are already on empiri...Background: Among the common morbid causes that are prevalent among all age groups, urinary tract infections top the list. In our country, most of the UTI patients visiting hospitals (OPD or IPD) are already on empirical antibiotics even before getting the sensitivity report in their hand. The purpose of this research was to examine the susceptibility patterns of commonly used antibiotics, particularly fosfomycin, against common uropathogens. Methodology: This was a prospective observational study conducted between January and March 2021 in four private tertiary hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh. All the urine samples referred to these four laboratories, obtained from patients of all ages and both genders, clinically diagnosed to have UTI, were included. Urine culture was performed by a semiquantitative method on blood agar media and MacConkey agar media. Following identification, antimicrobial sensitivity testing was performed using the modified Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method in accordance with CLSI standards. The data was put into Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) statistical software version 25 for the analysis. Results: A total of 5389 urine samples were received from four private hospitals in Dhaka over three months, and of these, 934 (17.33%) isolates were obtained from culture. About 95% of the isolates were gram-negative bacilli (GNBs). The most common isolate was Escherichia coli 615 (65.85%), followed by Klebsiella spp. 154 (16.49%), Pseudomonas spp. 64 (6.85%) and 51 (5.46%) isolates of Enterobacter. Among the gram-positive cocci, the most common were Enterococci fecalis 18 (1.93%) and Staphylococcus aureus 17 (1.82%). Of all the antibiotics tested, fosfomycin sensitivity was 98.4%, 88.88%, and 100% for Escherichia coli, Enterococci fecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. All the isolates tested were susceptible to Meropenem (77% - 100%), Amoxiclav (78% - 100%) and Nitrofurantoin (45% - 94%). Sensitivity amongst all the uropathogens for ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and cotrimoxazo展开更多
BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic posed a danger to global public health because of the unprecedented physical,mental,social,and environmental impact affecting quality of life(QoL).The study aimed to find the changes in...BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic posed a danger to global public health because of the unprecedented physical,mental,social,and environmental impact affecting quality of life(QoL).The study aimed to find the changes in QoL among COVID-19 recovered individuals and explore the determinants of change more than 1 year after recovery in low-resource settings.MethodsCOVID-19 patients from all eight divisions of Bangladesh who were confirmed positive by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction from June 2020 to November 2020 and who subsequently recovered were followed up twice,once immediately after recovery and again 1 year after the first follow-up.The follow-up study was conducted from November 2021 to January 2022 among 2438 individuals using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version(WHOQOL-BREF).After excluding 48 deaths,95 were rejected to participate,618 were inaccessible,and there were 45 cases of incomplete data.Descriptive statistics,paired-sample analyses,generalized estimating equation(GEE)analysis,and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to test the mean difference in participants’QoL scores between the two interviews.ResultsMost participants(n=1710,70.1%)were male,and one-fourth(24.4%)were older than 46.The average physical domain score decreased significantly from baseline to follow-up,and the average scores in psychological,social,and environmental domains increased significantly at follow-up(P<0.05).By the GEE equation approach,after adjusting for other factors,we found that older age groups(P<0.001),being female(P<0.001),having hospital admission during COVID-19 illness(P<0.001),and having three or more chronic diseases(P<0.001),were significantly associated with lower physical and psychological QoL scores.Higher age and female sex[adjusted odd ratio(aOR)=1.3,95%confidence interval(CI)1.0–1.6]were associated with reduced social domain scores on multivariable logistic regression analysis.Urban or semi-urban people were 49%less likely(aOR=0.5,95%CI 0.4–展开更多
The proposed underground tunnel for Mass Rapid Transit Line 1,Dhaka brings immense attention to the engineers and experts not only because of its construction challenges through a densely-built city,but also for the p...The proposed underground tunnel for Mass Rapid Transit Line 1,Dhaka brings immense attention to the engineers and experts not only because of its construction challenges through a densely-built city,but also for the potential tunneling-induced ground settlements.This very preliminary study investigates the ground surface movement due to the progression of the tunnel boring machine(TBM)using numerical analysis.A series of finite element(FE)models have been developed using PLAXIS 3D,in which Mohr–Coulomb(MC),modified Cam-Clay(MCC),and hardening soil(HS)have been considered.The in-field data of Mashhad Metro Line-2 have been compared to verify PLAXIS 3D’s efficacy in tunnel modeling.Subsequently,the outcomes of the FE analyses are compared with the existing empirical formulas.The PLAXIS 3D analysis considering the MCC soil model exhibits strong agreement with the real monitored data,with a variance of only 3.85%.After simulating different stages of the tunnel construction,results are reported in terms of the distance of the inflexion point from the center,the settlement trough pattern,the maximum transverse settlements,and the vertical settlements.They are also compared with the established empirical formula.In order to comprehend the surface settlement with various tunnel depths and diameters,a parameter dependency study has been carried out.The analysis findings showed that increasing the TBM’s depth and radius causes the inflexion point’s distance from the center of the tunnel to increase by 4%and decrease by 5%,respectively.It is also observed that as tunnel depth increases,the overall settlement of the tunnel lowers by 11%for every additional 5 meters of depth.The MCC model,out of the three,exhibits the most accurate value of the settlement compared to that obtained from the empirical solutions,and also the best-fit form to the Gaussian curve.展开更多
文摘Medical diagnostic tests to detect Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) for individuals in the United States were initially limited to people who were traveling or symptomatic to track disease incidence due to the cost of providing testing for all people in a community on a routine basis. As an alternative to randomly sampling large groups of people to track disease incidence at significant cost, wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is a well-established and cost-effective technique to passively measure the prevalence of disease in communities without requiring invasive testing. WBE can also be used as a forecasting tool since the virus is shed in individuals prior to developing symptoms that might otherwise prompt testing. This study applied the WBE approach to understand its effectiveness as a possible forecasting tool by monitoring the SARS-CoV-2 levels in raw wastewater sampled from sewer lift stations at a large public university campus setting including dormitories, academic buildings, and athletic facilities. The WBE analysis was conducted by sampling from building-specific lift stations and enumerating target viral copies using RT-qPCR analysis. The WBE results were compared with the 7-day rolling averages of confirmed infected individuals for the following week after the wastewater sample analysis. In most cases, changes in the WBE outcomes were followed by similar trends in the clinical data. The positive predictive value of the applied WBE approach was 86% for the following week of the sample collection. In contrast, positive correlations between the two data with Spearmen correlation (rs) ranged from 0.16 to 0.36. A stronger correlation (rs = 0.18 to 0.51) was observed when WBE results were compared with COVID-19 cases identified on the next day of the sampling events. The P value of 0.007 for Dorm A suggests high significance, while moderate significance was observed for the other dormitories (B, C, and D). The outcomes of this investigation demonstrate that WBE can be a valuab
文摘Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is not a common congenital vascular abnormality. A trio of capillary malformation, venous varicosities, and bony or soft-tissue hypertrophy define this syndrome. Significant morbidities associated with this illness include bleeding, deep vein thrombosis, and embolic consequences. Angiokeratoma circumscriptum naeviforme (ACN) is indeed a congenital variant of angiokeratoma that appears as a hyperkeratotic plaque on the lower extremity. Bilateral congenital anorchia (BCA) is the total lack of testicular tissue in a male with a normal phenotype and karyotype. KTS has been linked to ACN. Here we presented an 8-year-old male child who came with a swollen left thigh and the right side of his face with overlying blackish nodules on his left thigh and scrotum. The patient was diagnosed as KTS with angiokeratoma circumscriptum naeviforme and bilateral congenital anorchia based on his history, imaging studies and the typical clinical features of the disease.
文摘Gesture detection is the primary and most significant step for sign language detection and sign language is the communication medium for people with speaking and hearing disabilities. This paper presents a novel method for dynamic hand gesture detection using Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) where we detect different English alphabet letters by tracing hand movements. The process involves skin color-based segmentation for hand isolation in video frames, followed by morphological operations to enhance image trajectories. Our system employs hand tracking and trajectory smoothing techniques, such as the Kalman filter, to monitor hand movements and refine gesture paths. Quantized sequences are then analyzed using the Baum-Welch Re-estimation Algorithm, an HMM-based approach. A maximum likelihood classifier is used to identify the most probable letter from the test sequences. Our method demonstrates significant improvements over traditional recognition techniques in real-time, automatic hand gesture recognition, particularly in its ability to distinguish complex gestures. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of our approach in enhancing gesture-based sign language detection to alleviate the barrier between the deaf and hard-of-hearing community and general people.
文摘In this study, three wheat varieties were tested to determine seed germination and the incidence of Magnaporthe oryzae triticum (MoT). Among these varieties, BARI Gom 24 (Prodip) wheat seed exhibited the highest seed germination rate (93%) but also had the highest incidence (30%) of MoT. To manage blast disease in an ecofriendly manner, seven treatments were employed: T<sub>1</sub> = Control, T<sub>2</sub> = Garlic clove extracts, T<sub>3</sub> = Aloe vera leaf extracts, T<sub>4</sub> = Black cumin seed extracts, T<sub>5</sub> = Neem leaf extracts, T<sub>6</sub> = Nativo 75 WG, and T<sub>7</sub> = Provax 200 WP. The experiment was conducted using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) layout with three replications using Prodip wheat variety that exhibited highest MoT infection severity based on laboratory analysis among collected varieties. Data were collected on blast disease incidence (%), disease severity, and various growth and yield parameters of wheat. The experiment’s results indicated that among all the treatments, T<sub>7</sub> (Seed treatment with Provax 200 WP) and T<sub>5</sub> (Foliar spraying with Neem leaf extract) performed better in controlling blast disease in wheat. The lowest blast disease incidence (%) was observed with T<sub>7</sub> (Provax 200 WP), with values of 7.86, 9.86, and 10.19 recorded during the milking stage, soft dough stage, and hard dough stage of wheat, respectively. T<sub>5</sub> (Neem leaf extract) also demonstrated a statistically equivalent reduction in blast disease incidence (%). In terms of disease severity, T<sub>7</sub> (Seed treatment with Provax 200 WP) showed the lowest values of 1.03, 1.23, and 1.63 during the milking stage, soft dough stage, and hard dough stage of wheat, respectively. Foliar spraying with neem leaf extract also exhibited similar result as of Provax 200 WP regarding panicle blast severity. As a result of these findings, it can be concluded that T<sub>5</sub> (Neem leaf extract) is recommended as an ecofriendly management approach for blast
文摘Background and Aims:Skeletal manifestation in liver dis-eases represents the minimally scrutinized part of the disease spectrum.Vitamin D deficiency has a central role in developing hepatic osteodystrophy in patients with chronic liver disease.This study aimed to investigate vitamin D levels and their relationship with disease advancement in these patients.Methods:Vitamin D levels were checked in 125 chronic liver disease patients.The patients were classified in three stages according to Child-Pugh score:A,B and C.The relationship of vitamin D levels with Child-Pugh score and other variables in the study was assessed by the contingency coefficient.Correlation and logistic regression analyses were also carried out to find additional predictors of low vitamin D levels.Results:Among the patients,88%had either insufficient or deficient stores of vitamin D,while only 12%had sufficient vitamin D levels(p>0.05).Vitamin D levels were notably related to Child-Pugh class(contingency coefficient=0.5,p<0.05).On univariate and multinomial regression analyses,age,female sex,MELD and Child-Pugh class were predictors of low vitamin D levels.Age,model of end-stage liver disease score and Child-Pugh score were negatively correlated to vitamin D levels(p<0.05).Conclusions:Vitamin D deficiency is notably re-lated to age,female sex and model of end-stage liver disease score,in addition to Child-Pugh class of liver cirrhosis.Vita-min D levels should be routinely checked in patients with ad-vanced liver cirrhosis(Child-Pugh class B and C)and this deficiency must be addressed in a timely manner to improve general well-being of cirrhotic patients.
基金supported by a grant[MPSS-NH-2015-78]through the DisasterSafety Management Institute funded by Ministry of Public Safety and Security of Korean government
文摘The dynamics of jacket supported offshore wind turbine （OWT） in earthquake environment is one of the progressing focuses in the renewable energy field. Soil-structure interaction （SSI） is a fundamental principle to analyze stability and safety of the structure. This study focuses on the performance of the multiple tuned mass damper （MTMD） in minimizing the dynamic responses of the structures objected to seismic loads combined with static wind and wave loads. Response surface methodology （RSM） has been applied to design the MTMD parameters. The analyses have been performed under two different boundary conditions： fixed base （without SSI） and flexible base （with SSI）. Two vibration modes of the structure have been suppressed by multi-mode vibration control principle in both cases. The effectiveness of the MTMD in reducing the dynamic response of the structure is presented. The dynamic SSI plays an important role in the seismic behavior of the jacket supported OWT, especially resting on the soft soil deposit. Finally, it shows that excluding the SSI effect could be the reason of overestimating the MTMD performance.
文摘Background: Childhood Tuberculosis (TB) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity, which causes a significant TB burden in developing countries. Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe clinical profile and diagnostic procedures used in Outpatient Department (OPD) of a tertiary care hospital. Methods: It was a retrospective study conducted in OPD of Paediatrics Department, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbag, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Age range of studied populations, 3 months to 18 years who presented with clinical features of TB and were later diagnosed with tuberculosis according to national guidelines for the management of tuberculosis in children, 2021 were enrolled in this study. A total of 108 diagnosed cases of Tuberculosis between August 2021 and July 2022 were enrolled in this study. Data were collected from OPD records and transferred into MS excel sheet for data processing & analysis. Results: Among 834 suspected patients, 108 patients aged 3 months to 18 years were diagnosed with tuberculosis. The highest number of cases 47 (43.51%) were found in 11 - 18 years age group. Gender distribution of the patient showed 58 (53.70%) were male and 50 (46.29%) were female. Among 108 TB cases, 44 (40.74%) were pulmonary TB and 64 (59.25%) were extrapulmonary TB. Among 64 extrapulmonary TB cases 38 (59.37%) cases were diagnosed as TB lymphadenitis. Fever 83 (76.85%), weight loss 62 (57.4%), cough 50 (46.29%), lump in neck and axilla 38 (35.18%) were found in most of the cases. A positive Mantoux test was found in 68 (62.96%) patients. Chest X-ray findings showed patchy opacity and consolidation in 46 (42.59%) cases. Suggestive FNAC from lymph node was observed among 35 (32.4%) cases. For bacteriological confirmation sputum gene Xpert and stool Xpert ultra were positive among 10 (9.25%) and 23 (21.29%) cases. Conclusion: In this study, Extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) cases were more than Pulmonary TB (PTB) in children. Diagnosis of tuberculosis was based on<span sty.
文摘Background: Diabetic retinopathy is among the most common diabetic complications, and is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world. Recent studies have linked vitamin D to the pathogenesis of diabetes and there is growing evidence that vitamin D can interfere with the mechanisms involved in diabetes and its complications. Despite improvements in treatment, diabetic retinopathy remains a significant complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Identification of early treatable predictors of diabetic retinopathy such as vitamin D deficiency, may allow more aggressive management of those at high risk. Purpose: To assess the association of vitamin D deficiency with diabetic retinopathy in young people with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Design: Observational study with case control design. Method: 60 young people with type 1 diabetes aged between 11 to 24 years were included in this study. Among them, 30-young people have diabetic retinopathy and 30-young people do not have diabetic retinopathy. Purposive sampling technique was applied as per inclusion criteria. Statistical analysis of the results was done by using computer-based software, SPSS version 26. P value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Vitamin D deficiency was present in 83% of the young people with diabetic retinopathy and in 53% without diabetic retinopathy. The mean vitamin D level in young people with and without diabetic retinopathy was 17.38 ± 3.77 ng/ml and 20.15 ± 5.06 ng/ml respectively and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.019). Vitamin D deficiency was increased with the severity of diabetic retinopathy. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression showed vitamin D deficiency was independently associated with diabetic retinopathy with a crude odds ratio of 5.69 with a p value of 0.008 and adjusted odds ratio of 16.08 with a p value of 0.002 respectively. Conclusion: Result of the study revealed that vitamin D deficiency was strongly associated with diabetic retinopathy in young peop
文摘Background: The burden of cataract and glaucoma has been increasing. Primary angle closure occurs as a result of crowded anterior segment anatomy causing appositional contact between peripheral iris and trabecular meshwork. Lens extraction has been proposed as a method of deepening anterior chamber and managing intraocular pressure. Purpose: To assess changes in anterior chamber depth after phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation in narrow angle eyes. Design: Prospective controlled trial (before-after) study. Method: The study was conducted from March 2015 to August 2017 among the patients of department of Ophthalmology of BSMMU who were diagnosed as cataract with narrow angles. Anterior chamber angle grading of 2 or less (Shaffer grading) in 3 or more quadrants was considered narrow angle (NA). The purposive type sampling technique was applied to collect sample from the study population, as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. Complete clinical evaluation including history, physical examination, relevant ocular examinations and systemic examinations were performed. In this prospective study, subjects underwent phacoemulsification with foldable lens implantation. A scan ultrasonography was performed preoperatively and 10<sup>th</sup> and 30<sup>th</sup> postoperative days of surgery. Results: Thirty eyes of 29 patients included in the study, male: female ratio was 1:1, with an overall mean age of 62.03 ± 8.95 years. The mean preoperative central ACD was 2.95 ± 0.35 mm. At 10<sup>th</sup> and 30<sup>th</sup> POD mean central ACD were 3.94 ± 0.32, and 3.92 ± 0.28 mm respectively. Mean of increase in central ACD at final follow-up was 0.96 mm (p Conclusion: Phacoemulsification with posterior chamber in bag lens implantation can deepen the anterior chamber depth in patients with narrow angles. Based on these findings, it is concluded that phacoemulsification with foldable intraocular lens implantation is an effective tool in deepening the anterior chamber.
文摘In Bangladesh, the use of machinery in agriculture production is fast rising. Researchers are developing technology to replace traditional hand weeding to manage weeds in rice fields. The present study has been taken to increase weeding efficiency and reduce the drudgery in weeding and mulching. A line-to-line distance of 20 cm, the operation is push-pull, and field operating condition at 2 - 4 cm standing water (for softening the field) was the designed hypothesis. The weeder consists of a skid/float, float holder, float adjuster, main body frame, rotor, axel, bush, rotor holder, rotor holder adjuster, handle, handle griper, handle holder, handle height adjuster, nut, bolt, etc. The designed weeder was fabricated using MS sheet, MS pipe, MS flat bar, MS nut-bolt, etc. When the rotors perform back and forth, the weeder’s two conical rotors with six plain blades and six serrated blades work together to uproot and bury the weeds. It also contains a 2 mm thick float assembly with a precise angle of 22 degrees. Weeds are uprooted by the weeder’s blades and buried in the muddy soil. It causes topsoil disturbance and enhances aeration. The weeding efficiency and capacity of the conical weeder were 81.92% and 0.0203 ha/h respectively. With a push-pull operation, the weeder can uproot and bury the weeds in a single row at a time. The pushing force and weight of weeder were 43.42 N and 5.6 kg respectively. Farmers can use this weeder to increase their comfort and reduce the drudgery associated with weeding and mulching in their fields.
文摘Background: Vitamin D plays a pivotal role in supporting the immune system, helping to reduce the risk of infections and certain autoimmune diseases. Adequate vitamin D levels may be associated with a reduced risk of certain health conditions like pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, and postpartum depression. Brittle bones, osteoporosis in the elderly, and osteomalacia in young children are all symptoms of vitamin D insufficiency. Additionally, it contributes to problems linked to gum disease, including an increase in dental cavities, alveolar bone loss around the teeth, and other problems. It could lead to depression, tiredness, and a loss of appetite. In this study, urban children and adolescents in Dhaka city, Bangladesh are examined for vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency, and sufficiency. Methods: The Study was a cross-sectional study conducted under Dhaka National Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka and additionally included two other health centers Medinova Medical Services and Monoara General Hospital Service Golap bag, Dhaka from October 2020 to November 2021. The study location was at the 3 (Three) different hospitals which was located in Dhaka City. In this cross-sectional study, Participants will be selected purposively and conveniently based on the age categories from 0 - 19 years of age at the outdoor department of the hospital. The study included the secondary dataset of ambulatory individuals who came to the 3 (three) hospitals, randomly to evaluate serum vitamin D levels on referral from a general out-patient-department (OPD). They were examined for laboratory findings of serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels to determine vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency, and sufficiency among children and adolescent groups of both male and female Sex. Results: A total of 6394 individuals with a diverse age group were statistically examined for laboratory findings of serum vitamin D levels. Vitamin D deficiency was observed in 40.58% of individuals with a mean log of 1.01 ± 0.18 ng/ml serum vitamin D levels, vita
文摘Background: Standard precautions (SPs) are the minimum infection prevention practices that aim to protect Health care workers (HCWs) including physicians and prevent them from transmitting the infections to their patients. Purpose: To assess the level of compliance of physicians with standard precautions of handling patients with infectious respiratory disease. Method: A cross sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted in two tertiary level hospitals named M Abdur Rahim Medical College and Hospital, Dinajpur, Bangladesh and Rajshahi Medical College and Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh to assess the level of compliance of physicians with standard precautions. Purposive sampling technique was applied as per inclusion criteria and data was collected by face to face interview from 285 physicians. Statistical analysis of the results was done by SPSS and a p value less than 0.05 was considered as significant. Result: The study revealed that maximum physicians (76.5%) handling patients with infectious respiratory disease had a moderate level of compliance with standard precautions. 78.6% of the physicians had moderate level of awareness about standard precautions. Only 20.35% of the physicians had training on infection control. 94.4% of the respondents didn’t know the component of standard precaution and most of the physicians were not aware of the sequence of wearing and removing the different components of PPEs. Conclusion: The study result implies that with increased awareness, the compliance of the physicians with standard precautions increased. The main reasons of non-compliance with standard precautions were found to be lack of resources, lack of regular training and excess workload.
基金The authors are very much grateful to Bangladesh Agricultural University Research System(BAURES)Bangladesh Agricultural University,Mymensingh-2202,Bangladesh for the financial support through the research project entitled“Induction of Heat and Drought Tolerance in Wheat through Seed Priming”(Project No.2021/35/BAU)to carry out the research work.
文摘Seed priming is a pre-germinated technique that can enhance seed germination percentage,faster and synchro-nized germination,better seedling growth,and yield under stress conditions.To ascertain the most effective seed priming method that would ensure the potential yield of wheat in Bangladesh,two experiments were carried out from December 2021 to March 2022 at the Department of Agronomy,Bangladesh Agricultural University.Two wheat varieties namely BARI Gom-28 and BWMRI Gom-1 were subjected to a range of priming chemicals in both lab and pot tests.These compounds included the following:control(no priming),hydropriming(distilled water),10000 ppm KNO_(3),15000 ppm KNO_(3),40000 ppm Mannitol,60000 ppm Mannitol,10000 ppm NaCl,20000 ppm NaCl,100 ppm PEG,150 ppm PEG,500 ppm NaOCl,1000 ppm NaOCl,10000 ppm CaCl_(2),20000 ppm CaCl_(2),10000 ppm KCl and 20000 ppm KCl.A complete randomized design(CRD)with three repli-cations was used to set up the experiments.The results showed that BARI Gom-28 and BWMRI Gom-1 responded best to KCl priming in terms of rapid seed germination and strong seedling development.On the other hand,the best priming agents for plant growth and productivity turned out to be CaCl_(2) and KCL.The results of this study support the possibility of using seed priming as a technique to improve wheat plant development and output by raising seed emergence and survival rates.
基金This project is funded by Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China(HKU 17200219,HKU 17209018,E-HKU701/17,CityU T42-103/16-N,and HKU C7047-16G)Natural Science Foundation of China(N_HKU712/16)。
文摘Water plays a vital role in biological metabolism and it would be essential to trace the water content non-invasively,such as leveraging the vibrational absorption peak of the O-H bond.However,due to the lack of an efficient laser source,it was challenging to image the water content in the deep tissue with micron-level spatial resolution.To address this problem,we develop a high-power hybrid optical parametrically-oscillating emitter(HOPE)at 1930 nm,at which the vibrational absorption peak of the O-H bond locates.The maximum pulse energy is over 1.74μJ with a pulse repetition rate of 50 kHz and a pulse width of 15 ns.We employ this laser source in the optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy(OR-PAM)system to image the water content in the phantom and the biological tissue in vitro.Our 1930-nm OR-PAM could map the water content in the complex tissue environment at high spatial resolution,deep penetration depth,improved sensitivity,and suppressed artifact signal of the lipid.
文摘This research appraises comparative analysis between single diode and double diode model of photovoltaic (PV) solar cells to enhance the conversion efficiency of power engendering PV solar systems. Single diode model is simple and easy to implement, whereas double diode model has better accuracy which acquiesces for more precise forecast of PV systems performance. Exploration is done on the basis of simulation results and MATLAB tool is used to serve this purpose. Simulations are performed by varying distinct model parameters such as solar irradiance, temperature, value of parasitic resistances, ideality factor of diode and number of series and parallel connected solar cells used to assemble PV array. Conspicuous demonstration is executed to analyze effects of these specifications on the efficiency curve and power vs. voltage output characteristics of PV cell for specified models.
文摘Evaluation system of small arms firing has an important effect in the context of military domain. A partially automated evaluation system has been conducted and performed at the ground level. Automation of such system with the inclusion of artificial intelligence is a much required process. This papers puts focus on designing and developing an AI-based small arms firing evaluation systems in the context of military environment. Initially image processing techniques are used to calculate the target firing score. Additionally, firing errors during the shooting have also been detected using a machine learning algorithm. However, consistency in firing requires an abundance of practice and updated analysis of the previous results. Accuracy and precision are the basic requirements of a good shooter. To test the shooting skill of combatants, firing practices are held by the military personnel at frequent intervals that include 'grouping' and 'shoot to hit' scores. Shortage of skilled personnel and lack of personal interest leads to an inefficient evaluation of the firing standard of a firer. This paper introduces a system that will automatically be able to fetch the target data and evaluate the standard based on the fuzzy systems.Moreover it will be able to predict the shooter performance based on linear regression techniques.Thereby, it compares with recognized patterns to analyze the individual expertise and suggest improvements based on previous values. The paper is developed on a Small Arms Firing Skill Evaluation System, which makes the whole process of firing and target evaluation faster with better accuracy. The experiment has been conducted on real-time scenarios considering the military field and shows a promising result to evaluate the system automatically.
文摘Background: Among the common morbid causes that are prevalent among all age groups, urinary tract infections top the list. In our country, most of the UTI patients visiting hospitals (OPD or IPD) are already on empirical antibiotics even before getting the sensitivity report in their hand. The purpose of this research was to examine the susceptibility patterns of commonly used antibiotics, particularly fosfomycin, against common uropathogens. Methodology: This was a prospective observational study conducted between January and March 2021 in four private tertiary hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh. All the urine samples referred to these four laboratories, obtained from patients of all ages and both genders, clinically diagnosed to have UTI, were included. Urine culture was performed by a semiquantitative method on blood agar media and MacConkey agar media. Following identification, antimicrobial sensitivity testing was performed using the modified Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method in accordance with CLSI standards. The data was put into Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) statistical software version 25 for the analysis. Results: A total of 5389 urine samples were received from four private hospitals in Dhaka over three months, and of these, 934 (17.33%) isolates were obtained from culture. About 95% of the isolates were gram-negative bacilli (GNBs). The most common isolate was Escherichia coli 615 (65.85%), followed by Klebsiella spp. 154 (16.49%), Pseudomonas spp. 64 (6.85%) and 51 (5.46%) isolates of Enterobacter. Among the gram-positive cocci, the most common were Enterococci fecalis 18 (1.93%) and Staphylococcus aureus 17 (1.82%). Of all the antibiotics tested, fosfomycin sensitivity was 98.4%, 88.88%, and 100% for Escherichia coli, Enterococci fecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. All the isolates tested were susceptible to Meropenem (77% - 100%), Amoxiclav (78% - 100%) and Nitrofurantoin (45% - 94%). Sensitivity amongst all the uropathogens for ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and cotrimoxazo
文摘BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic posed a danger to global public health because of the unprecedented physical,mental,social,and environmental impact affecting quality of life(QoL).The study aimed to find the changes in QoL among COVID-19 recovered individuals and explore the determinants of change more than 1 year after recovery in low-resource settings.MethodsCOVID-19 patients from all eight divisions of Bangladesh who were confirmed positive by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction from June 2020 to November 2020 and who subsequently recovered were followed up twice,once immediately after recovery and again 1 year after the first follow-up.The follow-up study was conducted from November 2021 to January 2022 among 2438 individuals using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version(WHOQOL-BREF).After excluding 48 deaths,95 were rejected to participate,618 were inaccessible,and there were 45 cases of incomplete data.Descriptive statistics,paired-sample analyses,generalized estimating equation(GEE)analysis,and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to test the mean difference in participants’QoL scores between the two interviews.ResultsMost participants(n=1710,70.1%)were male,and one-fourth(24.4%)were older than 46.The average physical domain score decreased significantly from baseline to follow-up,and the average scores in psychological,social,and environmental domains increased significantly at follow-up(P<0.05).By the GEE equation approach,after adjusting for other factors,we found that older age groups(P<0.001),being female(P<0.001),having hospital admission during COVID-19 illness(P<0.001),and having three or more chronic diseases(P<0.001),were significantly associated with lower physical and psychological QoL scores.Higher age and female sex[adjusted odd ratio(aOR)=1.3,95%confidence interval(CI)1.0–1.6]were associated with reduced social domain scores on multivariable logistic regression analysis.Urban or semi-urban people were 49%less likely(aOR=0.5,95%CI 0.4–
文摘The proposed underground tunnel for Mass Rapid Transit Line 1,Dhaka brings immense attention to the engineers and experts not only because of its construction challenges through a densely-built city,but also for the potential tunneling-induced ground settlements.This very preliminary study investigates the ground surface movement due to the progression of the tunnel boring machine(TBM)using numerical analysis.A series of finite element(FE)models have been developed using PLAXIS 3D,in which Mohr–Coulomb(MC),modified Cam-Clay(MCC),and hardening soil(HS)have been considered.The in-field data of Mashhad Metro Line-2 have been compared to verify PLAXIS 3D’s efficacy in tunnel modeling.Subsequently,the outcomes of the FE analyses are compared with the existing empirical formulas.The PLAXIS 3D analysis considering the MCC soil model exhibits strong agreement with the real monitored data,with a variance of only 3.85%.After simulating different stages of the tunnel construction,results are reported in terms of the distance of the inflexion point from the center,the settlement trough pattern,the maximum transverse settlements,and the vertical settlements.They are also compared with the established empirical formula.In order to comprehend the surface settlement with various tunnel depths and diameters,a parameter dependency study has been carried out.The analysis findings showed that increasing the TBM’s depth and radius causes the inflexion point’s distance from the center of the tunnel to increase by 4%and decrease by 5%,respectively.It is also observed that as tunnel depth increases,the overall settlement of the tunnel lowers by 11%for every additional 5 meters of depth.The MCC model,out of the three,exhibits the most accurate value of the settlement compared to that obtained from the empirical solutions,and also the best-fit form to the Gaussian curve.
