Investigations into the Andean orocline revealed a counterclockwise rotation of about 37° in the north and a clockwise rotation of about 29° in the south. This rotation would have started in the Eocene becau...Investigations into the Andean orocline revealed a counterclockwise rotation of about 37° in the north and a clockwise rotation of about 29° in the south. This rotation would have started in the Eocene because the Nazca and South American plates converged. The transition zone between the Puna and the Sierras Pampeanas has a clockwise rotation pattern. Our new data show that the NE convergence of the Nazca and South American plates caused the counterclockwise rotation around the NW end of the Sierras Pampeanas. The temperature rise during a magmatic activity at 13 Ma would have favored a counterclockwise rotation of the mountain blocks of about 20° on a detachment zone within 10 to 15 km of depth. These range rotations generated local stress tensors trending NE and NW, facilitating the development of valleys, basins, mineralized dikes, mineral deposits, and alluvial fans separated from their origin. The Atajo fault shows both ductile and brittle characteristics. A mylonitic belt from the Sierra de Aconquija was juxtaposed on the rocks of the Ovejería Block and the Farallón Negro Volcanic Complex by reverse vertical displacement, and a dextral horizontal component of displacement resulted in curvatures that gave rise to pull-apart basins and step over features. The Santa Maria Valley, Campo del Arenal, Hualfín Valley, and Pipanaco salt flat most likely constituted a vast early Miocene basin rarely interrupted by low feature relief.展开更多
Annonaceous acetogenins enclose a large number of biological activities, among which the insecticidal stands out. <em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em> is a pest that affects corn crops among others and has a gre...Annonaceous acetogenins enclose a large number of biological activities, among which the insecticidal stands out. <em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em> is a pest that affects corn crops among others and has a great capacity to develop resistance to traditional insecticides, which represents sufficient reasons for the search for new alternatives for their control. The objective of this study was to determine the appropriate concentration and screening new natural insecticides against second instar larvae of <em>S. frugiperda</em>, under glasshouse conditions on <em>Zea mays</em> L. Natural products such as annonaceous acetogenins and some acetylated and methoxy methylated ACG derivatives and the commercial product Lambda-cyhalotrin (LC) were evaluated. The percent mortalities of <em>S. frugiperda </em>larvae in glasshouse conditions were recorded after 24, 48 and 72 h of treatment application. The results showed that the acetogenins tested were significantly (P < 0.05) different in relation to pest mortality than untreated check. After 72 h of treatment application the highest percent mortalities were obtained with the mixture of two natural products, rolliniastatin-2 (<strong>5</strong>) (100 μg/mL) + squamocin (<strong>6</strong>) (100 μg/mL) + LC (50 μg/mL) that proved the most effective and gave (100%), while rolliniastatin-2 (<strong>5</strong>) at 100 μg/mL alone, gave lowest percent mortality (65%), followed by squamocin (<strong>6</strong>) at 100 μg/mL (55%) and LC at 50 μg/mL (30%). The acetylated and methoxy methylated ACGs derivatives caused very low mortality (25% - 35%). It is recommended the mixture as a management option of <em>S. frugiperda</em> as a component of integrated pest management. The results allow us to infer that the addition of natural ACGs synergizes the insecticidal activity of the commercial product. Finding a new ecological alternative for insect control.展开更多
Materials with a low thermal emittance surface have been used for many years to create reflective insulations that reduce the rate of heat flow across building envelopes. Reflective insulation technology is now being ...Materials with a low thermal emittance surface have been used for many years to create reflective insulations that reduce the rate of heat flow across building envelopes. Reflective insulation technology is now being combined with other energy conserving technologies to optimize overall thermal performance. The basis for the performance of reflective insulations and radiant barriers will be discussed along with the combination of these materials with cellular plastic or mineral fiber insulations to form hybrid insulation assemblies. Calculations of thermal resistance for enclosed reflective air spaces and current field data from Southeast Asia will be presented. These data show that reductions in heat transfer across the building enclosure can be effectively reduced by the use of enclosed reflective air spaces and attic radiant barriers. Reflective technology increases the overall thermal resistance of the building enclosure when used to insulate poured concrete structures.展开更多
The Statistical Experimental Design techniques are the most powerful tools for the chemical reactors experimental modeling. Empirical models can be formulated for representing the chemical behavior of reactors with th...The Statistical Experimental Design techniques are the most powerful tools for the chemical reactors experimental modeling. Empirical models can be formulated for representing the chemical behavior of reactors with the minimal effort in the necessary number of experimental runs, hence, minimizing the consumption of chemicals and the consumption of time due to the reduction in the number of experimental runs and increasing the certainty of the results. Four types of nonthermal plasma reactors were assayed seeking for the highest efficiency in obtaining hydrogen and ethylene. Three different geometries for AC high voltage driven reactors, and only a single geometry for a DC high voltage pulse driven reactor were studied. According to the fundamental principles of chemical kinetics and considering an analogy among the reaction rate and the applied power to the plasma reactor, the four reactors are modeled following the classical chemical reactors design to understand if the behavior of the nonthermal plasma reactors can be regarded as the chemical reactors following the flow patterns of PFR (Plug Flow Reactor) or CSTR (Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor). Dehydrogenation is a common elimination reaction that takes place in nonthermal plasmas. Owing to this characteristic, a paraffinic heavy oil with an average molecular weight corresponding to C15 was used to study the production of light olefins and hydrogen.展开更多
分析集聚经济对企业区位决策的影响是区域经济研究的重要课题之一。由于文化创意产业在经济增长中所起的关键作用,探索其空间布局越来越受到人们的关注。本文首先回顾与集聚经济有关的经济学方面的内容和迄今为止开展的主要研究。在此...分析集聚经济对企业区位决策的影响是区域经济研究的重要课题之一。由于文化创意产业在经济增长中所起的关键作用,探索其空间布局越来越受到人们的关注。本文首先回顾与集聚经济有关的经济学方面的内容和迄今为止开展的主要研究。在此基础上,对西班牙的文化创意产业进行分析,并同时探究其在西班牙经济中的比重以及决定其地域分布的空间逻辑。这项研究最具创新性的一面是在微观空间解聚层次上所采用的地域路径,即使用西班牙区域的行政划分。考虑到这一目标,所使用的数据库是SABI(由Bureau van Dijk提供)。数据的时间跨度是2007—2017年。为了探究集聚经济的区位和范围的动态,我们利用分位数图和密度指数,这也有助于确定创意产业集群与区位系数。结果表明,西班牙文化创意产业的空间分布并不均匀,而是以空间集聚模式为特征,其中集聚经济的影响起着关键作用。特定地区的高度专业化表明,少数地区形成了创意集群。展开更多
Ageing is associated with several anatomical and physiological changes of the organism, and the increase in global elderly population promotes the research to develop strategies to improve their quality of life. In th...Ageing is associated with several anatomical and physiological changes of the organism, and the increase in global elderly population promotes the research to develop strategies to improve their quality of life. In this work, we characterized the immunological alterations naturally produced during aging in a mice model, and evaluated the effect of probiotic Lactobacillus (L.) rhamnosus CRL1505 administration on those immunological parameters. We demonstrated that L. rhamosus CRL1505 was able to improve peritoneal macrophages phagocytic activity, and the number of intestinal IgA<sup>+</sup> cells in aged mice, reaching values of those parameters similar to young adult mice. The results of this work indicate that is plausible that the immunobiotic CRL1505 strain may find applications as a beneficial immunomodulator in aging to reinforce the intestinal and systemic immunity. The immune modulation in aging induced by L. rhamnosus CRL1505 could lead to the development of new strategies for functional foods specifically tailored for the elderly.展开更多
In this work,the impact of the doping process on the photoluminescence emission of CaWO_(4) as a function of the concentration of Eu^(3+) cation(0.01 mol%,0.02 mol%,0.04 mol%,0.06 mol%,0.08 mol%,and 0.10 mol%) is disc...In this work,the impact of the doping process on the photoluminescence emission of CaWO_(4) as a function of the concentration of Eu^(3+) cation(0.01 mol%,0.02 mol%,0.04 mol%,0.06 mol%,0.08 mol%,and 0.10 mol%) is discussed in detail.Ca_(1-x)WO~4:xEu^(3+) samples were successfully synthesized by a simple coprecipitation method followed by microwave irradiation.The blue shift in the absorption edge confirms the quantum confinement effect and the band gap energy covers the range from 3.91 to 4.18 eV,as the amount of Eu^(3+) cations increases.The experimental results are sustained by first-principles calculations,at the density functional theory level,to decipher the geometry and electronic properties,thereby enabling a more accurate and direct comparison between theory and experiment for the Ca_(1-x)WO_(4):xEu^(3+) structure.展开更多
Free and open access to the Landsat archive has enabled the detection and delineation of an unprecedented number of fire events across the globe.Despite the availability and potential of these data,few studies have an...Free and open access to the Landsat archive has enabled the detection and delineation of an unprecedented number of fire events across the globe.Despite the availability and potential of these data,few studies have analysed residual vegetation patterns and/or partial mortality of fire across the Canadian boreal forest,and those available,are either incomplete or inaccurate.Further,they all differ in the methods and spatial language,which makes it difficult for managers to interpret fire patterns over large areas.There is an urgent need for methods to help unify fire pattern observations across the Canadian boreal forest.This study explores the capacity of the Landsat data archive when coupled with a recently developed fire mapping approach and a robust spatial language to characterize and compare tree mortality patterns across the boreal plains ecozone,Canada.With 507 fires 2.5 Mha mapped,this study represents the most comprehensive analysis of mortality patterns for study area.Summaries from this demonstration generated an accurate characterization of the fire patterns the various ecoregions based on seven key fire metrics.The comparison between ecoregions revealed differences in the amount of residual vegetation,which in turn suggested various climate,topography and/or vegetation ecosystem drivers.展开更多
文摘Investigations into the Andean orocline revealed a counterclockwise rotation of about 37° in the north and a clockwise rotation of about 29° in the south. This rotation would have started in the Eocene because the Nazca and South American plates converged. The transition zone between the Puna and the Sierras Pampeanas has a clockwise rotation pattern. Our new data show that the NE convergence of the Nazca and South American plates caused the counterclockwise rotation around the NW end of the Sierras Pampeanas. The temperature rise during a magmatic activity at 13 Ma would have favored a counterclockwise rotation of the mountain blocks of about 20° on a detachment zone within 10 to 15 km of depth. These range rotations generated local stress tensors trending NE and NW, facilitating the development of valleys, basins, mineralized dikes, mineral deposits, and alluvial fans separated from their origin. The Atajo fault shows both ductile and brittle characteristics. A mylonitic belt from the Sierra de Aconquija was juxtaposed on the rocks of the Ovejería Block and the Farallón Negro Volcanic Complex by reverse vertical displacement, and a dextral horizontal component of displacement resulted in curvatures that gave rise to pull-apart basins and step over features. The Santa Maria Valley, Campo del Arenal, Hualfín Valley, and Pipanaco salt flat most likely constituted a vast early Miocene basin rarely interrupted by low feature relief.
文摘Annonaceous acetogenins enclose a large number of biological activities, among which the insecticidal stands out. <em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em> is a pest that affects corn crops among others and has a great capacity to develop resistance to traditional insecticides, which represents sufficient reasons for the search for new alternatives for their control. The objective of this study was to determine the appropriate concentration and screening new natural insecticides against second instar larvae of <em>S. frugiperda</em>, under glasshouse conditions on <em>Zea mays</em> L. Natural products such as annonaceous acetogenins and some acetylated and methoxy methylated ACG derivatives and the commercial product Lambda-cyhalotrin (LC) were evaluated. The percent mortalities of <em>S. frugiperda </em>larvae in glasshouse conditions were recorded after 24, 48 and 72 h of treatment application. The results showed that the acetogenins tested were significantly (P < 0.05) different in relation to pest mortality than untreated check. After 72 h of treatment application the highest percent mortalities were obtained with the mixture of two natural products, rolliniastatin-2 (<strong>5</strong>) (100 μg/mL) + squamocin (<strong>6</strong>) (100 μg/mL) + LC (50 μg/mL) that proved the most effective and gave (100%), while rolliniastatin-2 (<strong>5</strong>) at 100 μg/mL alone, gave lowest percent mortality (65%), followed by squamocin (<strong>6</strong>) at 100 μg/mL (55%) and LC at 50 μg/mL (30%). The acetylated and methoxy methylated ACGs derivatives caused very low mortality (25% - 35%). It is recommended the mixture as a management option of <em>S. frugiperda</em> as a component of integrated pest management. The results allow us to infer that the addition of natural ACGs synergizes the insecticidal activity of the commercial product. Finding a new ecological alternative for insect control.
文摘Materials with a low thermal emittance surface have been used for many years to create reflective insulations that reduce the rate of heat flow across building envelopes. Reflective insulation technology is now being combined with other energy conserving technologies to optimize overall thermal performance. The basis for the performance of reflective insulations and radiant barriers will be discussed along with the combination of these materials with cellular plastic or mineral fiber insulations to form hybrid insulation assemblies. Calculations of thermal resistance for enclosed reflective air spaces and current field data from Southeast Asia will be presented. These data show that reductions in heat transfer across the building enclosure can be effectively reduced by the use of enclosed reflective air spaces and attic radiant barriers. Reflective technology increases the overall thermal resistance of the building enclosure when used to insulate poured concrete structures.
文摘The Statistical Experimental Design techniques are the most powerful tools for the chemical reactors experimental modeling. Empirical models can be formulated for representing the chemical behavior of reactors with the minimal effort in the necessary number of experimental runs, hence, minimizing the consumption of chemicals and the consumption of time due to the reduction in the number of experimental runs and increasing the certainty of the results. Four types of nonthermal plasma reactors were assayed seeking for the highest efficiency in obtaining hydrogen and ethylene. Three different geometries for AC high voltage driven reactors, and only a single geometry for a DC high voltage pulse driven reactor were studied. According to the fundamental principles of chemical kinetics and considering an analogy among the reaction rate and the applied power to the plasma reactor, the four reactors are modeled following the classical chemical reactors design to understand if the behavior of the nonthermal plasma reactors can be regarded as the chemical reactors following the flow patterns of PFR (Plug Flow Reactor) or CSTR (Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor). Dehydrogenation is a common elimination reaction that takes place in nonthermal plasmas. Owing to this characteristic, a paraffinic heavy oil with an average molecular weight corresponding to C15 was used to study the production of light olefins and hydrogen.
文摘分析集聚经济对企业区位决策的影响是区域经济研究的重要课题之一。由于文化创意产业在经济增长中所起的关键作用,探索其空间布局越来越受到人们的关注。本文首先回顾与集聚经济有关的经济学方面的内容和迄今为止开展的主要研究。在此基础上,对西班牙的文化创意产业进行分析,并同时探究其在西班牙经济中的比重以及决定其地域分布的空间逻辑。这项研究最具创新性的一面是在微观空间解聚层次上所采用的地域路径,即使用西班牙区域的行政划分。考虑到这一目标,所使用的数据库是SABI(由Bureau van Dijk提供)。数据的时间跨度是2007—2017年。为了探究集聚经济的区位和范围的动态,我们利用分位数图和密度指数,这也有助于确定创意产业集群与区位系数。结果表明,西班牙文化创意产业的空间分布并不均匀,而是以空间集聚模式为特征,其中集聚经济的影响起着关键作用。特定地区的高度专业化表明,少数地区形成了创意集群。
文摘Ageing is associated with several anatomical and physiological changes of the organism, and the increase in global elderly population promotes the research to develop strategies to improve their quality of life. In this work, we characterized the immunological alterations naturally produced during aging in a mice model, and evaluated the effect of probiotic Lactobacillus (L.) rhamnosus CRL1505 administration on those immunological parameters. We demonstrated that L. rhamosus CRL1505 was able to improve peritoneal macrophages phagocytic activity, and the number of intestinal IgA<sup>+</sup> cells in aged mice, reaching values of those parameters similar to young adult mice. The results of this work indicate that is plausible that the immunobiotic CRL1505 strain may find applications as a beneficial immunomodulator in aging to reinforce the intestinal and systemic immunity. The immune modulation in aging induced by L. rhamnosus CRL1505 could lead to the development of new strategies for functional foods specifically tailored for the elderly.
基金Project supported in part by Fundacao de AmparoàPesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo-FAPESP(2013/07296-2,2016/23891-6,2017/26105-4,2019/01732-1)Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos-FINEP,Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico-CNPQ(166281/2017-4,305792/2020-2)CAPES。
文摘In this work,the impact of the doping process on the photoluminescence emission of CaWO_(4) as a function of the concentration of Eu^(3+) cation(0.01 mol%,0.02 mol%,0.04 mol%,0.06 mol%,0.08 mol%,and 0.10 mol%) is discussed in detail.Ca_(1-x)WO~4:xEu^(3+) samples were successfully synthesized by a simple coprecipitation method followed by microwave irradiation.The blue shift in the absorption edge confirms the quantum confinement effect and the band gap energy covers the range from 3.91 to 4.18 eV,as the amount of Eu^(3+) cations increases.The experimental results are sustained by first-principles calculations,at the density functional theory level,to decipher the geometry and electronic properties,thereby enabling a more accurate and direct comparison between theory and experiment for the Ca_(1-x)WO_(4):xEu^(3+) structure.
基金Saskatchewan Environment,fRI Research Healthy Landscapes Program,the government of the Northwest Territories,Bandaloop Landscape-Ecosystem Services,and an NSERC Discovery and Engage grant to Coops(RGPIN 311926-13 and EGP 503226-16).
文摘Free and open access to the Landsat archive has enabled the detection and delineation of an unprecedented number of fire events across the globe.Despite the availability and potential of these data,few studies have analysed residual vegetation patterns and/or partial mortality of fire across the Canadian boreal forest,and those available,are either incomplete or inaccurate.Further,they all differ in the methods and spatial language,which makes it difficult for managers to interpret fire patterns over large areas.There is an urgent need for methods to help unify fire pattern observations across the Canadian boreal forest.This study explores the capacity of the Landsat data archive when coupled with a recently developed fire mapping approach and a robust spatial language to characterize and compare tree mortality patterns across the boreal plains ecozone,Canada.With 507 fires 2.5 Mha mapped,this study represents the most comprehensive analysis of mortality patterns for study area.Summaries from this demonstration generated an accurate characterization of the fire patterns the various ecoregions based on seven key fire metrics.The comparison between ecoregions revealed differences in the amount of residual vegetation,which in turn suggested various climate,topography and/or vegetation ecosystem drivers.
